1 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.1",
"source": "¶Συνίστημι δὲ ὑμῖν Φοίβην τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν, οὖσαν διάκονον τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς:",
"text": "*Synistēmi* *de* to-you *Phoibēn* the *adelphēn* of-us, *ousan* *diakonon* of-the *ekklēsias* of-the in *Kegchreais*:",
"grammar": {
"*Synistēmi*": "present indicative active, 1st person singular - I commend/recommend/introduce",
"*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now",
"ὑμῖν": "dative plural - to you",
"*Phoibēn*": "accusative feminine singular - Phoebe (proper name)",
"*adelphēn*": "accusative feminine singular - sister",
"ἡμῶν": "genitive plural pronoun - of us/our",
"*ousan*": "present participle accusative feminine singular - being",
"*diakonon*": "accusative singular - servant/deacon/minister",
"*ekklēsias*": "genitive feminine singular - assembly/church/congregation",
"*Kegchreais*": "dative plural - Cenchrea (place name)"
},
"variants": {
"*Synistēmi*": "commend/recommend/introduce/present",
"*diakonon*": "servant/deacon/minister/one who serves",
"*ekklēsias*": "assembly/church/congregation/called-out ones"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.2",
"source": "Ἵνα αὐτὴν προσδέξησθε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων, καὶ παραστῆτε αὐτῇ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ὑμῶν χρῄζῃ πράγματι: καὶ γὰρ αὕτη προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη, καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐμοῦ.",
"text": "That *autēn* you-might-*prosdexēsthe* in *Kyriō*, *axiōs* of-the *hagiōn*, and *parastēte* *autē* in which *an* of-you she-might-*chrēzē* *pragmati*: *kai* *gar* *hautē* *prostatis* of-many *egenēthē*, and of-myself.",
"grammar": {
"Ἵνα": "subordinating conjunction - so that/in order that",
"*autēn*": "accusative feminine singular pronoun - her",
"*prosdexēsthe*": "aorist subjunctive middle, 2nd person plural - receive/welcome/accept",
"*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord",
"*axiōs*": "adverb - worthily/in a manner worthy of",
"*hagiōn*": "genitive plural - holy ones/saints",
"*parastēte*": "aorist subjunctive active, 2nd person plural - assist/help/stand by",
"*autē*": "dative feminine singular pronoun - to her/for her",
"*an*": "modal particle with subjunctive - ever/might",
"*chrēzē*": "present subjunctive active, 3rd person singular - need/require",
"*pragmati*": "dative neuter singular - matter/affair/thing",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and/also",
"*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/indeed",
"*hautē*": "nominative feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - she/this woman",
"*prostatis*": "nominative feminine singular - patroness/helper/protector",
"*egenēthē*": "aorist indicative passive, 3rd person singular - became/has been"
},
"variants": {
"*prosdexēsthe*": "receive/welcome/accept",
"*Kyriō*": "Lord/Master",
"*parastēte*": "assist/help/stand by/support",
"*chrēzē*": "need/require/have need of",
"*pragmati*": "matter/affair/business/deed",
"*prostatis*": "patroness/helper/protector/benefactor",
"*egenēthē*": "became/has been/was"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.3",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Πρίσκιλλαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν τοὺς συνεργούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ:",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Priskillan* and *Akylan* the *synergous* of-me in *Christō* *Iēsou*:",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Priskillan*": "accusative feminine singular - Priscilla (proper name)",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*Akylan*": "accusative masculine singular - Aquila (proper name)",
"*synergous*": "accusative plural - fellow workers/co-laborers",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ",
"*Iēsou*": "dative masculine singular - Jesus"
},
"variants": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "greet/salute/welcome",
"*synergous*": "fellow workers/co-laborers/colleagues"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.4",
"source": "Οἵτινες ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς μου τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν: οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ μόνος εὐχαριστῶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῶν Ἐθνῶν.",
"text": "*Hoitines* for the *psychēs* of-me the *heautōn* *trachēlon* *hypethēkan*: to-whom not I alone *eucharistō*, but also all the *ekklēsiai* of-the *Ethnōn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hoitines*": "nominative plural relative pronoun - who/the ones who",
"ὑπὲρ": "preposition with genitive - for/on behalf of",
"*psychēs*": "genitive feminine singular - life/soul",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"*heautōn*": "genitive plural reflexive pronoun - of themselves/their own",
"*trachēlon*": "accusative masculine singular - neck",
"*hypethēkan*": "aorist indicative active, 3rd person plural - risked/laid down/put under",
"οἷς": "dative plural relative pronoun - to whom",
"οὐκ": "negative particle - not",
"ἐγὼ": "nominative singular pronoun - I",
"μόνος": "nominative masculine singular - alone/only",
"*eucharistō*": "present indicative active, 1st person singular - give thanks/am thankful",
"ἀλλὰ": "adversative conjunction - but",
"καὶ": "conjunction - also/even",
"πᾶσαι": "nominative feminine plural - all",
"*ekklēsiai*": "nominative feminine plural - churches/assemblies",
"*Ethnōn*": "genitive plural - Gentiles/nations"
},
"variants": {
"*psychēs*": "life/soul/being",
"*trachēlon*": "neck/throat",
"*hypethēkan*": "risked/laid down/put under",
"*eucharistō*": "give thanks/am thankful",
"*ekklēsiai*": "churches/assemblies/congregations",
"*Ethnōn*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.5",
"source": "Καὶ τὴν κατʼ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίαν. Ἀσπάσασθε Ἐπαίνετον τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου, ὅς ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀχαΐας εἰς Χριστόν.",
"text": "And the according-to *oikon* of-them *ekklēsian*. *Aspasasthe* *Epaineton* the *agapēton* of-me, who *estin* *aparchē* of-the *Achaias* to *Christon*.",
"grammar": {
"Καὶ": "conjunction - and/also",
"τὴν": "accusative feminine singular article - the",
"κατʼ": "preposition with accusative - according to/at",
"*oikon*": "accusative masculine singular - house/household",
"αὐτῶν": "genitive plural pronoun - of them/their",
"*ekklēsian*": "accusative feminine singular - church/assembly",
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Epaineton*": "accusative masculine singular - Epaenetus (proper name)",
"*agapēton*": "accusative masculine singular - beloved/dear",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"ὅς": "nominative masculine singular relative pronoun - who",
"*estin*": "present indicative active, 3rd person singular - is",
"*aparchē*": "nominative feminine singular - firstfruit/first portion",
"*Achaias*": "genitive feminine singular - Achaia (region)",
"εἰς": "preposition with accusative - to/into/for",
"*Christon*": "accusative masculine singular - Christ"
},
"variants": {
"*oikon*": "house/household/dwelling",
"*ekklēsian*": "church/assembly/congregation",
"*agapēton*": "beloved/dear/dearly loved",
"*aparchē*": "firstfruit/first portion/first convert"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.6",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Μαριάμ, ἥτις πολλὰ ἐκοπίασεν εἰς ἡμᾶς.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Mariam*, *hētis* much *ekopiasen* for us.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Mariam*": "accusative feminine singular - Mary (proper name)",
"*hētis*": "nominative feminine singular relative pronoun - who",
"πολλὰ": "accusative neuter plural - many things/much",
"*ekopiasen*": "aorist indicative active, 3rd person singular - labored/toiled/worked hard",
"εἰς": "preposition with accusative - for/toward",
"ἡμᾶς": "accusative plural pronoun - us"
},
"variants": {
"*ekopiasen*": "labored/toiled/worked hard/grew weary"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.7",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ἀνδρόνικον καὶ Ἰουνιᾶν, τοὺς συγγενεῖς μου, καὶ συναιχμαλώτους μου, οἵτινές εἰσιν ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις, οἳ καὶ πρὸ ἐμοῦ γέγονασιν ἐν Χριστῷ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Andronikon* and *Iounian*, the *syngeneis* of-me, and *synaichmalōtous* of-me, *hoitines eisin episēmoi* among the *apostolois*, who also before me *gegonasin* in *Christō*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Andronikon*": "accusative masculine singular - Andronicus (proper name)",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*Iounian*": "accusative feminine/masculine singular - Junia/Junias (proper name)",
"*syngeneis*": "accusative plural - relatives/kinsmen",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"*synaichmalōtous*": "accusative plural - fellow prisoners",
"*hoitines*": "nominative plural relative pronoun - who/which",
"*eisin*": "present indicative active, 3rd person plural - are",
"*episēmoi*": "nominative masculine plural - notable/outstanding/of note",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - among/in",
"*apostolois*": "dative plural - apostles/sent ones",
"οἳ": "nominative masculine plural relative pronoun - who",
"πρὸ": "preposition with genitive - before",
"ἐμοῦ": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"*gegonasin*": "perfect indicative active, 3rd person plural - have been/became",
"*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ"
},
"variants": {
"*syngeneis*": "relatives/kinsmen/compatriots/countrymen",
"*synaichmalōtous*": "fellow prisoners/captives",
"*episēmoi*": "notable/outstanding/of note/distinguished",
"*apostolois*": "apostles/sent ones/messengers",
"*Iounian*": "Junia (feminine)/Junias (masculine) - grammatical ambiguity exists in Greek"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.8",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ἀμπλίαν τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Amplian* the *agapēton* of-me in *Kyriō*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Amplian*": "accusative masculine singular - Ampliatus/Amplias (proper name)",
"*agapēton*": "accusative masculine singular - beloved/dear",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord"
},
"variants": {
"*agapēton*": "beloved/dear/dearly loved"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.9",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Οὐρβανὸν, τὸν συνεργὸν ἡμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ, καὶ Στάχυν τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Ourbanon*, the *synergon* of-us in *Christō*, and *Stachyn* the *agapēton* of-me.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Ourbanon*": "accusative masculine singular - Urbanus (proper name)",
"*synergon*": "accusative masculine singular - fellow worker/co-laborer",
"ἡμῶν": "genitive plural pronoun - of us/our",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*Stachyn*": "accusative masculine singular - Stachys (proper name)",
"*agapēton*": "accusative masculine singular - beloved/dear",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my"
},
"variants": {
"*synergon*": "fellow worker/co-laborer/colleague",
"*agapēton*": "beloved/dear/dearly loved"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.10",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ἀπελλῆν τὸν δόκιμον ἐν Χριστῷ. Ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Apellēn* the *dokimon* in *Christō*. *Aspasasthe* those from the *Aristoboulou*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Apellēn*": "accusative masculine singular - Apelles (proper name)",
"*dokimon*": "accusative masculine singular - approved/tested",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ",
"τοὺς": "accusative masculine plural article - the/those",
"ἐκ": "preposition with genitive - from/of",
"*Aristoboulou*": "genitive masculine singular - Aristobulus (proper name)"
},
"variants": {
"*dokimon*": "approved/tested/tried/proven"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.11",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ἡρῳδίωνα τὸν συγγενῆ μου. Ἀσπάσασθε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου, τοὺς ὄντας ἐν Κυρίῳ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Hērōdiōna* the *syngenē* of-me. *Aspasasthe* those from the *Narkissou*, those *ontas* in *Kyriō*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Hērōdiōna*": "accusative masculine singular - Herodion (proper name)",
"*syngenē*": "accusative masculine singular - relative/kinsman",
"μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my",
"τοὺς": "accusative masculine plural article - the/those",
"ἐκ": "preposition with genitive - from/of",
"*Narkissou*": "genitive masculine singular - Narcissus (proper name)",
"*ontas*": "present participle accusative masculine plural - being/who are",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord"
},
"variants": {
"*syngenē*": "relative/kinsman/compatriot/countryman"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.12",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Τρύφαιναν καὶ Τρυφῶσαν, τὰς κοπιώσας ἐν Κυρίῳ. Ἀσπάσασθε Περσίδα τὴν ἀγαπητήν, ἥτις πολλὰ ἐκοπίασεν ἐν Κυρίῳ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Tryphainan* and *Tryphōsan*, the *kopiōsas* in *Kyriō*. *Aspasasthe* *Persida* the *agapētēn*, *hētis* much *ekopiasen* in *Kyriō*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Tryphainan*": "accusative feminine singular - Tryphaena (proper name)",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*Tryphōsan*": "accusative feminine singular - Tryphosa (proper name)",
"*kopiōsas*": "present participle accusative feminine plural - laboring/working hard",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord",
"*Persida*": "accusative feminine singular - Persis (proper name)",
"*agapētēn*": "accusative feminine singular - beloved/dear",
"*hētis*": "nominative feminine singular relative pronoun - who",
"πολλὰ": "accusative neuter plural - many things/much",
"*ekopiasen*": "aorist indicative active, 3rd person singular - labored/toiled/worked hard"
},
"variants": {
"*kopiōsas*": "laboring/working hard/toiling",
"*agapētēn*": "beloved/dear/dearly loved",
"*ekopiasen*": "labored/toiled/worked hard/grew weary"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.13",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ, καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Rhouphon* the *eklekton* in *Kyriō*, and the *mētera* of-him and of-me.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Rhouphon*": "accusative masculine singular - Rufus (proper name)",
"*eklekton*": "accusative masculine singular - chosen/elect/selected",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - in",
"*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*mētera*": "accusative feminine singular - mother",
"αὐτοῦ": "genitive masculine singular pronoun - of him/his",
"ἐμοῦ": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my"
},
"variants": {
"*eklekton*": "chosen/elect/selected/outstanding",
"*mētera*": "mother/maternal figure"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.14",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Ἀσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμᾶν, Πατρόβαν, Ἑρμῆν, καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀδελφούς.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Asynkriton*, *Phlegonta*, *Herman*, *Patroban*, *Hermēn*, and the with them *adelphous*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Asynkriton*": "accusative masculine singular - Asyncritus (proper name)",
"*Phlegonta*": "accusative masculine singular - Phlegon (proper name)",
"*Herman*": "accusative masculine singular - Hermas (proper name)",
"*Patroban*": "accusative masculine singular - Patrobas (proper name)",
"*Hermēn*": "accusative masculine singular - Hermes (proper name)",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"τοὺς": "accusative masculine plural article - the",
"σὺν": "preposition with dative - with",
"αὐτοῖς": "dative masculine plural pronoun - them",
"*adelphous*": "accusative masculine plural - brothers"
},
"variants": {
"*adelphous*": "brothers/brethren/fellow believers"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.15",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Φιλόλογον, καὶ Ἰουλίαν, Νηρέα, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ Ὀλυμπᾶν, καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς πάντας ἁγίους.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *Philologon*, and *Ioulian*, *Nērea*, and the *adelphēn* of-him, and *Olympan*, and the with them all *hagious*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*Philologon*": "accusative masculine singular - Philologus (proper name)",
"καὶ": "conjunction - and",
"*Ioulian*": "accusative feminine singular - Julia (proper name)",
"*Nērea*": "accusative masculine singular - Nereus (proper name)",
"*adelphēn*": "accusative feminine singular - sister",
"αὐτοῦ": "genitive masculine singular pronoun - of him/his",
"*Olympan*": "accusative masculine/feminine singular - Olympas (proper name)",
"τοὺς": "accusative masculine plural article - the",
"σὺν": "preposition with dative - with",
"αὐτοῖς": "dative masculine plural pronoun - them",
"πάντας": "accusative masculine plural - all",
"*hagious*": "accusative masculine plural - saints/holy ones"
},
"variants": {
"*adelphēn*": "sister/fellow believer (female)",
"*hagious*": "saints/holy ones/set apart ones"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Romans.16.16",
"source": "Ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ. Ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ.",
"text": "*Aspasasthe* *allēlous* with *philēmati* *hagiō*. *Aspazontai* you the *ekklēsiai* of-the *Christou*.",
"grammar": {
"*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute",
"*allēlous*": "accusative plural reciprocal pronoun - one another/each other",
"ἐν": "preposition with dative - with",
"*philēmati*": "dative neuter singular - kiss",
"*hagiō*": "dative neuter singular - holy",
"*Aspazontai*": "present indicative middle, 3rd person plural - greet/salute",
"ὑμᾶς": "accusative plural pronoun - you",
"*ekklēsiai*": "nominative feminine plural - churches/assemblies",
"*Christou*": "genitive masculine singular - Christ/of Christ"
},
"variants": {
"*philēmati*": "kiss/expression of affection",
"*ekklēsiai*": "churches/assemblies/congregations"
}
}