Acts 18:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Acts.18.2", "source": "Καὶ εὑρών τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν, Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει, προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας, καὶ Πρίσκιλλαν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ· (διὰ τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον χωρίζεσθαι πάντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης:) προσῆλθεν αὐτοῖς.", "text": "And *heurōn tina Ioudaion onomati Akylan*, *Pontikon tō genei*, *prosphatōs elēlythota apo tēs Italias*, and *Priskillan gynaika autou*; (*dia to diatetachenai Klaudion chōrizesthai pantas tous Ioudaious ek tēs Rōmēs*:) *prosēlthen autois*.", "grammar": { "*heurōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - finding/having found", "*tina*": "indefinite pronoun, accusative masculine singular - a certain", "*Ioudaion*": "accusative masculine singular - Jew", "*onomati*": "dative neuter singular - by name", "*Akylan*": "accusative masculine singular - Aquila", "*Pontikon*": "accusative masculine singular - from Pontus/Pontic", "*tō genei*": "article + dative neuter singular - by race/birth", "*prosphatōs*": "adverb - recently/lately", "*elēlythota*": "perfect active participle, accusative masculine singular - having come", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*tēs Italias*": "article + genitive feminine singular - Italy", "*Priskillan*": "accusative feminine singular - Priscilla", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife", "*autou*": "genitive masculine singular pronoun - his", "*dia*": "preposition with accusative - because of", "*to diatetachenai*": "article + perfect active infinitive - to have ordered/commanded", "*Klaudion*": "accusative masculine singular - Claudius", "*chōrizesthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to depart/separate", "*pantas*": "adjective, accusative masculine plural - all", "*tous Ioudaious*": "article + accusative masculine plural - the Jews", "*ek*": "preposition with genitive - from/out of", "*tēs Rōmēs*": "article + genitive feminine singular - Rome", "*prosēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he approached/went to", "*autois*": "dative plural pronoun - them" }, "variants": { "*elēlythota*": "having come/having arrived", "*diatetachenai*": "to have ordered/decreed/commanded", "*chōrizesthai*": "to depart/to separate themselves/to be separated", "*prosēlthen*": "approached/went to/came to" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ εὑρών τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν, Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει, προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας, καὶ Πρίσκιλλαν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ· (διὰ τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον χωρίζεσθαι πάντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης:) προσῆλθεν αὐτοῖς.

Transliteration

And heurōn tina Ioudaion onomati Akylan, Pontikon tō genei, prosphatōs elēlythota apo tēs Italias, and Priskillan gynaika autou; (dia to diatetachenai Klaudion chōrizesthai pantas tous Ioudaious ek tēs Rōmēs:) prosēlthen autois.

Grammar Details

• *heurōn*: aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - finding/having found
• *tina*: indefinite pronoun, accusative masculine singular - a certain
• *Ioudaion*: accusative masculine singular - Jew
• *onomati*: dative neuter singular - by name
• *Akylan*: accusative masculine singular - Aquila
• *Pontikon*: accusative masculine singular - from Pontus/Pontic
• *tō genei*: article + dative neuter singular - by race/birth
• *prosphatōs*: adverb - recently/lately
• *elēlythota*: perfect active participle, accusative masculine singular - having come
• *apo*: preposition with genitive - from
• *tēs Italias*: article + genitive feminine singular - Italy
• *Priskillan*: accusative feminine singular - Priscilla
• *gynaika*: accusative feminine singular - wife
• *autou*: genitive masculine singular pronoun - his
• *dia*: preposition with accusative - because of
• *to diatetachenai*: article + perfect active infinitive - to have ordered/commanded
• *Klaudion*: accusative masculine singular - Claudius
• *chōrizesthai*: present middle/passive infinitive - to depart/separate
• *pantas*: adjective, accusative masculine plural - all
• *tous Ioudaious*: article + accusative masculine plural - the Jews
• *ek*: preposition with genitive - from/out of
• *tēs Rōmēs*: article + genitive feminine singular - Rome
• *prosēlthen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he approached/went to
• *autois*: dative plural pronoun - them

Word Meanings

• *elēlythota*: having come/having arrived
• *diatetachenai*: to have ordered/decreed/commanded
• *chōrizesthai*: to depart/to separate themselves/to be separated
• *prosēlthen*: approached/went to/came to

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome. Paul went to see them.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome, and he came to them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And{G2532} he found{G2147} a certain{G5100} Jew{G2453} named{G3686} Aquila,{G207} a man of Pontus{G4193} by race,{G1085} lately{G4373} come{G2064} from{G575} Italy,{G2482} with{G2532} his{G846} wife{G1135} Priscilla,{G4252} because{G1223} Claudius{G2804} had commanded{G1299} all{G3956} the Jews{G2453} to depart{G5563} from{G1537} Rome:{G4516} and he came{G4334} unto them;{G846}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And{G2532} found{G2147}{(G5631)} a certain{G5100} Jew{G2453} named{G3686} Aquila{G207}, born{G1085} in Pontus{G4193}, lately{G4373} come{G2064}{(G5756)} from{G575} Italy{G2482}, with{G2532} his{G846} wife{G1135} Priscilla{G4252};(because that{G1223} Claudius{G2804} had commanded{G1299}{(G5760)} all{G3956} Jews{G2453} to depart{G5563}{(G5745)} from{G1537} Rome{G4516}:) and came{G4334}{(G5627)} unto them{G846}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and founde a certayne Iewe named Aquila borne in Ponthus latly come from Italie wt his wyfe Priscilla (because that the Emperour Claudius had comaunded all Iewes to departe fro Rome) and he drewe vnto them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and founde a Iewe named Aquila, borne in Potus, which was lately come out of Italy: and his wife Priscilla (because the Emperor Claudius had commaunded all Iewes to departe from Rome) and he drue vnto the.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And found a certaine Iewe named Aquila, borne in Pontus, lately come from Italie, and his wife Priscilla (because that Claudius had commaunded all Iewes to depart from Rome) and he came vnto them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And found a certaine Iewe, named Aquila, borne in Ponthus, lately come fro Italie with his wyfe Priscilla (because that Claudius had commaunded all Iewes to depart from Rome) and he came vnto them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and having found a certain Jew, by name Aquilas, of Pontus by birth, lately come from Italy, and Priscilla his wife -- because of Claudius having directed all the Jews to depart out of Rome -- he came to them,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome: and he came unto them;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome: and he came unto them;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And there he came across a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by birth, who not long before had come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had given orders that all Jews were to go away from Rome: and he came to them;

• World English Bible (2000)

  He found a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by race, who had recently come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to depart from Rome. Paul approached them,

Referenced Verses

• 1 Cor 16:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.16.19", "source": "Ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῆς Ἀσίας. Ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς ἐν Κυρίῳ πολλὰ Ἀκύλας καὶ Πρίσκιλλα, σὺν τῇ κατʼ οἶκον αὐτῶν ἐκκλησίᾳ.", "text": "*Aspazontai* you *hai ekklēsiai tēs Asias*. *Aspazontai* you *en Kyriō polla Akylas kai Priskilla*, *syn tē kat' oikon autōn ekklēsia*.", "grammar": { "*Aspazontai*": "present, indicative, middle, 3rd person, plural - they greet/salute", "*hai ekklēsiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - the churches/assemblies", "*tēs Asias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Asia", "*en Kyriō*": "preposition + dative, masculine, singular - in [the] Lord", "*polla*": "accusative, neuter, plural - much/greatly", "*Akylas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Aquila", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*Priskilla*": "nominative, feminine, singular - Priscilla", "*syn*": "preposition + dative - with", "*tē kat' oikon autōn ekklēsia*": "dative, feminine, singular - the according to house their church/assembly" }, "variants": { "*Aspazontai*": "greet/salute/embrace", "*ekklēsiai*": "churches/assemblies/congregations", "*polla*": "much/greatly/heartily", "*kat' oikon*": "in [the] house/at [the] home/household" } }
• 2 Tim 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Timothy.4.19", "source": "Ἄσπασαι Πρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν, καὶ τὸν Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον.", "text": "*Aspasai* *Priskan* and *Akylan*, and the of *Onēsiphorou* *oikon*.", "grammar": { "*Aspasai*": "imperative, aorist middle, 2nd person singular - greet/salute", "*Priskan*": "noun, accusative feminine singular - Prisca (proper name)", "*Akylan*": "noun, accusative masculine singular - Aquila (proper name)", "*Onēsiphorou*": "noun, genitive masculine singular - of Onesiphorus (proper name)", "*oikon*": "noun, accusative masculine singular - household/family/house" }, "variants": { "*Aspasai*": "greet/salute/welcome", "*oikon*": "household/family/house" } }
• Acts 11:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Acts.11.28", "source": "Ἀναστὰς δὲ εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος, ἐσήμανεν διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος λιμὸν μέγαν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφʼ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην: ὅστις καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος.", "text": "*Anastas de heis ex autōn onomati Hagabos*, *esēmanen dia tou pneumatos limon megan mellein esesthai eph'* all the *oikoumenēn*: which also *egeneto epi Klaudiou Kaisaros*.", "grammar": { "*Anastas*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - having stood up", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*heis*": "numeral, nominative masculine singular - one", "*ex*": "preposition with genitive - from/of", "*autōn*": "genitive 3rd person plural pronoun - them", "*onomati*": "dative neuter singular - by name", "*Hagabos*": "nominative masculine singular - Agabus", "*esēmanen*": "aorist active indicative 3rd person singular - signified/indicated", "*dia*": "preposition with genitive - through", "*tou pneumatos*": "genitive neuter singular with article - the Spirit", "*limon*": "accusative masculine singular - famine", "*megan*": "adjective, accusative masculine singular - great/severe", "*mellein*": "present active infinitive - to be about to", "*esesthai*": "future middle infinitive - to be", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - over/throughout", "*holēn*": "adjective, accusative feminine singular - whole/entire", "*tēn oikoumenēn*": "accusative feminine singular with article - the inhabited world", "*hostis*": "relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular - which", "*kai*": "adverb - also/indeed", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative 3rd person singular - occurred", "*epi*": "preposition with genitive - during/in the time of", "*Klaudiou Kaisaros*": "genitive masculine singular - Claudius Caesar" }, "variants": { "*Anastas*": "having stood up/rising", "*onomati*": "by name/named", "*esēmanen*": "signified/indicated/predicted", "*dia tou pneumatos*": "through the Spirit/by the Spirit", "*limon*": "famine/severe food shortage", "*megan*": "great/severe/extensive", "*mellein esesthai*": "was about to be/would come", "*oikoumenēn*": "inhabited world/Roman Empire/known world", "*epi*": "during/in the time of/under" } }
• Acts 18:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Acts.18.26", "source": "Οὗτός τε ἤρξατο παρρησιάζεσθαι ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ: ἀκούσαντες δὲ αὐτοῦ Ἀκύλας καὶ Πρίσκιλλα, προσελάβοντο αὐτόν, καὶ ἀκριβέστερον αὐτῷ ἐξέθεντο τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁδόν.", "text": "*Houtos te ērxato parrēsiazesthai en tē synagōgē*: *akousantes de autou Akylas kai Priskilla*, *proselabonto auton*, and *akribesteron autō exethento tēn tou Theou hodon*.", "grammar": { "*Houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular - this man", "*te*": "connective particle - and", "*ērxato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - he began", "*parrēsiazesthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to speak boldly", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*tē synagōgē*": "article + dative feminine singular - the synagogue", "*akousantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having heard", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*autou*": "genitive masculine singular pronoun - him", "*Akylas kai Priskilla*": "nominative masculine singular + conjunction + nominative feminine singular - Aquila and Priscilla", "*proselabonto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they took", "*auton*": "accusative masculine singular pronoun - him", "*akribesteron*": "comparative adverb - more accurately", "*autō*": "dative masculine singular pronoun - to him", "*exethento*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they explained", "*tēn tou Theou hodon*": "article + article + genitive masculine singular + accusative feminine singular - the way of God" }, "variants": { "*ērxato parrēsiazesthai*": "began to speak boldly/began to speak with courage/began to speak freely", "*proselabonto*": "took/took aside/took to themselves", "*akribesteron exethento*": "explained more accurately/expounded more precisely", "*tēn tou Theou hodon*": "the way of God/God's way (teachings/doctrine)" } }
• Rom 16:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Romans.16.3", "source": "Ἀσπάσασθε Πρίσκιλλαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν τοὺς συνεργούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ:", "text": "*Aspasasthe* *Priskillan* and *Akylan* the *synergous* of-me in *Christō* *Iēsou*:", "grammar": { "*Aspasasthe*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd person plural - greet/salute", "*Priskillan*": "accusative feminine singular - Priscilla (proper name)", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*Akylan*": "accusative masculine singular - Aquila (proper name)", "*synergous*": "accusative plural - fellow workers/co-laborers", "μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my", "*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ", "*Iēsou*": "dative masculine singular - Jesus" }, "variants": { "*Aspasasthe*": "greet/salute/welcome", "*synergous*": "fellow workers/co-laborers/colleagues" } } 4 { "verseID": "Romans.16.4", "source": "Οἵτινες ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς μου τὸν ἑαυτῶν τράχηλον ὑπέθηκαν: οἷς οὐκ ἐγὼ μόνος εὐχαριστῶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τῶν Ἐθνῶν.", "text": "*Hoitines* for the *psychēs* of-me the *heautōn* *trachēlon* *hypethēkan*: to-whom not I alone *eucharistō*, but also all the *ekklēsiai* of-the *Ethnōn*.", "grammar": { "*Hoitines*": "nominative plural relative pronoun - who/the ones who", "ὑπὲρ": "preposition with genitive - for/on behalf of", "*psychēs*": "genitive feminine singular - life/soul", "μου": "genitive singular pronoun - of me/my", "*heautōn*": "genitive plural reflexive pronoun - of themselves/their own", "*trachēlon*": "accusative masculine singular - neck", "*hypethēkan*": "aorist indicative active, 3rd person plural - risked/laid down/put under", "οἷς": "dative plural relative pronoun - to whom", "οὐκ": "negative particle - not", "ἐγὼ": "nominative singular pronoun - I", "μόνος": "nominative masculine singular - alone/only", "*eucharistō*": "present indicative active, 1st person singular - give thanks/am thankful", "ἀλλὰ": "adversative conjunction - but", "καὶ": "conjunction - also/even", "πᾶσαι": "nominative feminine plural - all", "*ekklēsiai*": "nominative feminine plural - churches/assemblies", "*Ethnōn*": "genitive plural - Gentiles/nations" }, "variants": { "*psychēs*": "life/soul/being", "*trachēlon*": "neck/throat", "*hypethēkan*": "risked/laid down/put under", "*eucharistō*": "give thanks/am thankful", "*ekklēsiai*": "churches/assemblies/congregations", "*Ethnōn*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples" } }
• Acts 18:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Acts.18.18", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος ἔτι προσμείνας ἡμέρας ἱκανάς, τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἀποταξάμενος, ἐξέπλει εἰς τὴν Συρίαν, καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας· κειράμενος τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς: εἶχεν γὰρ εὐχήν.", "text": "The *de Paulos eti prosmeinas hēmeras hikanas*, *tois adelphois apotaxamenos*, *exeplei eis tēn Syrian*, and *syn autō Priskilla kai Akylas*; *keiramenos tēn kephalēn en Kenchreais*: *eichen gar euchēn*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*Paulos*": "nominative masculine singular - Paul", "*eti*": "adverb - still/yet", "*prosmeinas*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - having remained", "*hēmeras*": "accusative feminine plural - days", "*hikanas*": "adjective, accusative feminine plural - many/considerable", "*tois adelphois*": "article + dative masculine plural - to the brothers", "*apotaxamenos*": "aorist middle participle, nominative masculine singular - having taken leave", "*exeplei*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - he was sailing", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - to/for", "*tēn Syrian*": "article + accusative feminine singular - Syria", "*syn*": "preposition with dative - with", "*autō*": "dative masculine singular pronoun - him", "*Priskilla kai Akylas*": "nominative feminine singular + conjunction + nominative masculine singular - Priscilla and Aquila", "*keiramenos*": "aorist middle participle, nominative masculine singular - having shaved", "*tēn kephalēn*": "article + accusative feminine singular - the head", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*Kenchreais*": "dative feminine plural - Cenchrea", "*eichen*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - he had", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*euchēn*": "accusative feminine singular - vow" }, "variants": { "*prosmeinas hēmeras hikanas*": "having remained many days/having stayed a good while", "*tois adelphois apotaxamenos*": "having taken leave of the brothers/having bid farewell to the brothers", "*exeplei*": "was sailing/sailed away", "*keiramenos tēn kephalēn*": "having shaved his head/having cut his hair", "*eichen euchēn*": "had a vow/was under a vow (likely a Nazirite vow)" } }
• Acts 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Acts.2.9", "source": "Πάρθοι, καὶ Μῆδοι, καὶ Ἐλαμῖται, καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν τε καὶ Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον, καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν,", "text": "*Parthoi*, and *Mēdoi*, and *Elamitai*, and the *katoikountes* the *Mesopotamian*, *Ioudaian* *te* and *Kappadokian*, *Ponton*, and the *Asian*,", "grammar": { "*Parthoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - Parthians", "*Mēdoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - Medes", "*Elamitai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - Elamites", "*katoikountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - dwelling/residing", "*Mesopotamian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Mesopotamia", "*Ioudaian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Judea", "*te*": "conjunction - and/both/also", "*Kappadokian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Cappadocia", "*Ponton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Pontus", "*Asian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Asia" }, "variants": { "*katoikountes*": "dwelling/residing/living as inhabitants" } }
• 1 Pet 1:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.1", "source": "¶Πέτρος, ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,", "text": "*Petros*, *apostolos* of *Iēsou Christou*, to *eklektois* *parepidēmois* of *diasporas* of *Pontou*, *Galatias*, *Kappadokias*, *Asias*, and *Bithynias*,", "grammar": { "*Petros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*apostolos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate nominative/apposition", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - possessive/relationship", "*eklektois*": "dative, masculine, plural - indirect object/recipients", "*parepidēmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - indirect object/recipients", "*diasporas*": "genitive, feminine, singular - origin/relationship", "*Pontou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - location", "*Galatias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - location", "*Kappadokias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - location", "*Asias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - location", "*Bithynias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - location" }, "variants": { "*Petros*": "Peter/rock", "*apostolos*": "apostle/sent one/messenger", "*parepidēmois*": "resident aliens/sojourners/temporary residents", "*diasporas*": "dispersion/scattering/diaspora" } }