1 Samuel 17:13

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.13", "source": "וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃", "text": "And *hālaḵ* three *bənê*-*Yišay* the-*gādôl*, they *hālaḵ* after-*Šāʾûl* to the-*milḥāmâ*; and [the] *šēm* [of] his three *bānîm* who *hālaḵ* to the-*milḥāmâ* [were] *ʾĔlîʾāḇ* the-*bəḵôr*, and his *mišneh* *ʾĂḇînādāḇ*, and the-*šəlîšî* *Šammâ*.", "grammar": { "*hālaḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they went", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*ʾĔlîʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the firstborn", "*mišneh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his second", "*ʾĂḇînādāḇ*": "proper noun - Abinadab", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the third", "*Šammâ*": "proper noun - Shammah" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest", "*mišneh*": "second/next in order", "*šəlîšî*": "third/third in order" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃

Transliteration

And hālaḵ three bənê-Yišay the-gādôl, they hālaḵ after-Šāʾûl to the-milḥāmâ; and [the] šēm [of] his three bānîm who hālaḵ to the-milḥāmâ [were] ʾĔlîʾāḇ the-bəḵôr, and his mišneh ʾĂḇînādāḇ, and the-šəlîšî Šammâ.

Grammar Details

• *hālaḵ*: Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went
• *bənê*: noun, masculine plural construct - sons of
• *Yišay*: proper noun - Jesse
• *gādôl*: adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest
• *Šāʾûl*: proper noun - Saul
• *milḥāmâ*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war
• *šēm*: noun, masculine singular construct - name of
• *bānîm*: noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons
• *ʾĔlîʾāḇ*: proper noun - Eliab
• *bəḵôr*: noun, masculine singular with definite article - the firstborn
• *mišneh*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his second
• *ʾĂḇînādāḇ*: proper noun - Abinadab
• *šəlîšî*: adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the third
• *Šammâ*: proper noun - Shammah

Word Meanings

• *gādôl*: great/eldest/oldest
• *mišneh*: second/next in order
• *šəlîšî*: third/third in order

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Jesse's three oldest sons had followed Saul to the battle. The names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab, the firstborn; Abinadab, the second; and Shammah, the third.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The three eldest sons of Jesse followed Saul to the battle, and the names of his three sons who went were Eliab the firstborn, next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the three{H7969} eldest{H1419} sons{H1121} of Jesse{H3448} had gone{H3212} after{H310} Saul{H7586} to the battle:{H4421} and the names{H8034} of his three{H7969} sons{H1121} that went{H1980} to the battle{H4421} were Eliab{H446} the first-born,{H1060} and next{H4932} unto him Abinadab,{H41} and the third{H7992} Shammah.{H8048}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the three{H7969} eldest{H1419} sons{H1121} of Jesse{H3448} went{H3212}{(H8799)} and followed{H310} Saul{H7586} to the battle{H4421}: and the names{H8034} of his three{H7969} sons{H1121} that went{H1980}{(H8804)} to the battle{H4421} were Eliab{H446} the firstborn{H1060}, and next{H4932} unto him Abinadab{H41}, and the third{H7992} Shammah{H8048}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And the thre eldest sonnes of Isai were gone with Saul to the battayll. And there names were these: Eliab the first borne, Abinadab the seconde, and Samma the thirde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the three eldest sonnes of Ishai went and followed Saul to the battel: and the names of his three sonnes that went to battell, were Eliab the Eldest, and the next Abinadab, and the thirde Shammah.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the three eldest sonnes of Isai went, and folowed Saul to the battell: And the names of his three sonnes that went to battaile, were: Eliab the eldest, and the next Abinadab, and the thyrd Samma:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the three eldest sons of Jesse went [and] followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle [were] Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the three eldest sons of Jesse go, they have gone after Saul to battle; and the name of his three sons who have gone into battle `are' Eliab the first-born, and his second Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the three oldest sons of Jesse had gone with Saul to the fight: the names of the three who went to the fight were Eliab, the oldest, and Abinadab the second, and Shammah the third.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to war. The names of the three sons who went to war were Eliab, his firstborn, Abinadab, the second oldest, and Shammah, the third oldest.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Chr 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.2.13", "source": "וְאִישַׁ֛י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־בְּכֹר֖וֹ אֶת־אֱלִיאָ֑ב וַאֲבִינָדָב֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְשִׁמְעָ֖א הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃", "text": "*wəʾîšay* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*bəkōrô* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlîʾāb* *waʾăbînādāb* *haššēnî* *wəšimʿāʾ* *haššəlîšî*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*ʾîšay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jesse", "*hôlîd*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəkōrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his firstborn", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eliab", "*wa-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*ʾăbînādāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abinadab", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šēnî*": "ordinal adjective, masculine singular - second", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*šimʿāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shimea", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šəlîšî*": "ordinal adjective, masculine singular - third" }, "variants": { "*šimʿāʾ*": "Shimea/Shammah (as in 1 Samuel 16:9)" } }
• 1 Sam 16:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.6", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֔ם וַיַּ֖רְא אֶת־אֱלִיאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַ֛ךְ נֶ֥גֶד יְהוָ֖ה מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "And it *wə-yəhî* at their *bəbôʾām*, and he *wə-yarʾ* *ʾĔlîʾāb*, and he *wə-yōʾmer*, \"Surely before *Yəhwāh* is his *məšîḥô*.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*bəbôʾām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they came", "*wə-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾĔlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH", "*məšîḥô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anointed" }, "variants": { "*məšîḥô*": "his anointed/his appointed one/his chosen one" } } 7 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אַל־תַּבֵּ֧ט אֶל־מַרְאֵ֛הוּ וְאֶל־גְּבֹ֥הַּ קוֹמָת֖וֹ כִּ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֗א אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִרְאֶה֙ הָאָדָ֔ם כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה לַעֵינַ֔יִם וַיהוָ֖ה יִרְאֶ֥ה לַלֵּבָֽב׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhwāh* to *Šəmûʾēl*, \"Do not *tabbēṭ* at his *marʾēhû* and at the *gəbōah* of his *qômātô*, for I have *məʾastîhû*. For not as *yirʾeh* *hāʾādām*, for *hāʾādām* *yirʾeh* to the *lāʿênayim*, but *Yəhwāh* *yirʾeh* to the *lallēbāb*.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH", "*Šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*tabbēṭ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular jussive - look at/regard", "*marʾēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his appearance", "*gəbōah*": "adjective, masculine singular - height/tallness", "*qômātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his stature", "*məʾastîhû*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I have rejected him", "*yirʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sees", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/human", "*lāʿênayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine dual - to the eyes", "*lallēbāb*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the heart" }, "variants": { "*tabbēṭ*": "look at/regard/consider", "*marʾēhû*": "his appearance/his form/what is visible of him", "*gəbōah*": "height/tallness/elevation", "*lallēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner being" } } 8 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.8", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א יִשַׁי֙ אֶל־אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־בָּזֶ֖ה לֹֽא־בָחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Yišay* to *ʾĂbînādāb* and *wə-yaʿăbirēhû* before *Šəmûʾēl*. And he *wə-yōʾmer*, \"Also in this one has not *bāḥar* *Yəhwāh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*ʾĂbînādāb*": "proper noun - Abinadab", "*wə-yaʿăbirēhû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he made him pass", "*Šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bāḥar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - chosen", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăbirēhû*": "made him pass/brought him over/presented him", "*bāḥar*": "chosen/selected/desired" } } 9 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.9", "source": "וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר יִשַׁ֖י שַׁמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־בָּזֶ֖ה לֹא־בָחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿăbēr* *Yišay* *Šammāh*. And he *wə-yōʾmer*, \"Also in this one has not *bāḥar* *Yəhwāh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿăbēr*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made pass", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*Šammāh*": "proper noun - Shammah", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bāḥar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - chosen", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăbēr*": "made pass/presented/brought forward", "*bāḥar*": "chosen/selected/desired" } }
• 1 Sam 17:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *ʾāḥîw* *ha-ggādôl* *bə-dabbərô* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *wa-yiḥar* *ʾap* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *bə-dāwid* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāmmâ* *zeh* *yārādtā* *wə-ʿal* *mî* *nāṭaštā* *məʿaṭ* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *hā-hēnnâ* *ba-mmidbār* *ʾănî* *yādaʿtî* *ʾet* *zədōnəkā* *wə-ʾēt* *rōaʿ* *ləbābekā* *kî* *ləmaʿan* *rəʾôt* *ha-mmilḥāmâ* *yārādtā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his brother", "*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the oldest", "*bə-dabbərô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - in his speaking", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*wa-yiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned", "*ʾap*": "noun ms construct - nose/anger of", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - against David", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lāmmâ*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom", "*nāṭaštā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you left", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective ms - few", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the sheep", "*hā-hēnnâ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun fp - those", "*ba-mmidbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the wilderness", "*ʾănî*": "1cs pronoun - I", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zədōnəkā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your presumptuousness", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun ms construct - evil of", "*ləbābekā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your heart", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - in order to", "*rəʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - see", "*ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry", "*lāmmâ zeh*": "why this/for what reason", "*nāṭaštā*": "left/abandoned/entrusted", "*məʿaṭ*": "few/little", "*zədōnəkā*": "your presumptuousness/your pride/your insolence", "*rōaʿ ləbābekā*": "evil of your heart/wickedness of your heart/bad intent" } }
• 2 Sam 13:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2Samuel.13.3", "source": "וּלְאַמְנ֣וֹן רֵ֗עַ וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יֽוֹנָדָ֔ב בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְי֣וֹנָדָ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ חָכָ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And to-*ʾAmnôn* *rēaʿ* and-*šəmô* *Yônāḏāḇ* son-of-*Šimʿāh* brother-of *Dāwid*; and-*Yônāḏāḇ* *ʾîš* *ḥāḵām* very.", "grammar": { "*rēaʿ*": "noun masculine singular - friend/companion", "*šəmô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/person", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective masculine singular - wise/clever/crafty" }, "variants": { "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/associate", "*Yônāḏāḇ*": "Jonadab (name meaning 'YHWH is willing')", "*Šimʿāh*": "Shimeah (name meaning 'fame/report')", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*ḥāḵām*": "wise/clever/shrewd/crafty" } }
• 2 Sam 13:32 : 32 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.32", "source": "‫ וַיַּ֡עַן יוֹנָדָ֣ב ׀ בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֨ה אֲחִֽי־דָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־יֹאמַ֤ר אֲדֹנִי֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֵמִ֔יתוּ כִּֽי־אַמְנ֥וֹן לְבַדּ֖וֹ מֵ֑ת כִּֽי־עַל־פִּ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ הָיְתָ֣ה שׂוּמָ֔ה מִיּוֹם֙ עַנֹּת֔וֹ אֵ֖ת תָּמָ֥ר אֲחֹתֽוֹ׃ ‬", "text": "And-*wayyaʿan* *yônādāv* son-of-*šimʿâ* brother-of-*dāwid* and-*wayyōʾmer* not-*yōʾmar* my-*ʾădōnî* *ʾēt* all-the-*nəʿārîm* sons-of-the-*melekh* *hēmîtû* for-*ʾamnôn* to-*baddô* *mēt* for-upon-*pî* *ʾavšālôm* *hāyətâ* *śûmâ* from-*yôm* *ʿannōtô* *ʾēt* *tāmār* his-*ʾăḥōtô*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*yônādāv*": "proper noun - Jonadab", "*šimʿâ*": "proper noun - Shimeah", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him say", "*ʾădōnî*": "masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*nəʿārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the young men", "*melekh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*hēmîtû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they were killed", "*ʾamnôn*": "proper noun - Amnon", "*baddô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his separation/alone", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/is dead", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ʾavšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*hāyətâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was/became", "*śûmâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - set/established/determined", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*ʿannōtô*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his violating/afflicting", "*tāmār*": "proper noun - Tamar", "*ʾăḥōtô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sister" }, "variants": { "*baddô*": "alone/by himself/only", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*śûmâ*": "determined/established/resolved", "*ʿannōtô*": "violating/afflicting/humiliating", "*ʾăḥōtô*": "sister/kinswoman" } }
• 2 Sam 21:21 : 21 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.21", "source": "וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן־*שמעי **שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽד", "text": "And *wayĕḥārēp* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyakkēhû* *Yĕhônātān* *ben*-*Šimʿâ* *ʾăḥî* *Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕḥārēp*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he taunted", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyakkēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he struck him", "*Yĕhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Šimʿâ*": "proper noun (Ketiv: *šmʿy*) - Shimea", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - brother of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*wayĕḥārēp*": "taunted/defied/reproached" } }