16{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.16",
"source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃",
"text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made",
"*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol",
"*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree",
"*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped",
"*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave",
"*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods",
"*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue",
"*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess",
"*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for",
"*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.17",
"source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire",
"*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination",
"*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations",
"*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments",
"*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling",
"*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles",
"*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs",
"*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves",
"*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong",
"*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.18",
"source": "וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף יְהוָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְסִרֵ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *ʾānap* *YHWH* *mᵊʾōd* in *yiśrāʾēl*, and he *sûr* them from upon *pānîm* his; not *šāʾar*, only *šēbeṭ* *yᵊhûdâ* to alone it.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾānap*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he became very angry",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*mᵊʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*sûr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he removed them",
"*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence",
"*šāʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - remained/was left",
"*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tribe of",
"*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾānap*": "become angry/be furious/rage",
"*mᵊʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly",
"*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight",
"*šāʾar*": "remain/be left/stay behind",
"*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/staff"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.19",
"source": "גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃",
"text": "Also *yᵊhûdâ* not *šāmar* *ʾēt*-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *hālak* in *ḥuqqâ* of *yiśrāʾēl* which they *ʿāśâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kept/observed",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked",
"*ḥuqqâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes/customs of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made/did"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard",
"*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods",
"*hālak*": "walk/go/follow",
"*ḥuqqâ*": "statutes/customs/practices",
"*ʿāśâ*": "make/do/practice"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.20",
"source": "וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *māʾas* *YHWH* in all-*zeraʿ* of *yiśrāʾēl* and he *ʿānâ* them and he *nātan* them in hand-of *šāsâ* until which he *šālak* them from *pānîm* his.",
"grammar": {
"*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rejected",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿānâ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he afflicted them",
"*nātan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them",
"*šāsâ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - plunderers/spoilers",
"*šālak*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he cast them away",
"*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants",
"*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble",
"*nātan*": "give/deliver/place",
"*šāsâ*": "plunderers/spoilers/robbers",
"*šālak*": "cast away/throw off/drive out",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight"
}
}