2 Kings 9:22

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.9.22", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְא֤וֹת יְהוֹרָם֙ אֶת־יֵה֔וּא וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הֲשָׁל֣וֹם יֵה֑וּא וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מָ֣ה הַשָּׁל֔וֹם עַד־זְנוּנֵ֞י אִיזֶ֧בֶל אִמְּךָ֛ וּכְשָׁפֶ֖יהָ הָרַבִּֽים׃", "text": "And it *hāyāh* when *rāʾāh* *Yəhôrām* *Yēhûʾ*, and he *ʾāmar*, Is there *šālôm*, *Yēhûʾ*? And he *ʾāmar*, What *šālôm* while *zənûnê* of *ʾÎzeḇel* your *ʾēm* and her *kešep̄* the *raḇ* continue?", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*rāʾāh*": "qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*Yəhôrām*": "proper noun - Jehoram", "*Yēhûʾ*": "proper noun - Jehu", "*ʾāmar*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*šālôm*": "noun ms - peace", "*Yēhûʾ*": "proper noun - Jehu", "*ʾāmar*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*šālôm*": "noun ms with definite article - the peace", "*zənûnê*": "noun mp construct - harlotries/adulteries of", "*ʾÎzeḇel*": "proper noun - Jezebel", "*ʾēm*": "noun fs with 2ms suffix - your mother", "*kešep̄*": "noun mp with 3fs suffix - her sorceries/witchcrafts", "*raḇ*": "adjective mp with definite article - the many" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "be/happen/become", "*rāʾāh*": "see/look/perceive", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/safety", "*zənûnê*": "harlotries/adulteries/prostitutions", "*kešep̄*": "sorceries/witchcrafts/magic acts", "*raḇ*": "many/great/numerous" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְא֤וֹת יְהוֹרָם֙ אֶת־יֵה֔וּא וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הֲשָׁל֣וֹם יֵה֑וּא וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מָ֣ה הַשָּׁל֔וֹם עַד־זְנוּנֵ֞י אִיזֶ֧בֶל אִמְּךָ֛ וּכְשָׁפֶ֖יהָ הָרַבִּֽים׃

Transliteration

And it hāyāh when rāʾāh Yəhôrām Yēhûʾ, and he ʾāmar, Is there šālôm, Yēhûʾ? And he ʾāmar, What šālôm while zənûnê of ʾÎzeḇel your ʾēm and her kešep̄ the raḇ continue?

Grammar Details

• *hāyāh*: qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and it happened
• *rāʾāh*: qal infinitive construct - seeing
• *Yəhôrām*: proper noun - Jehoram
• *Yēhûʾ*: proper noun - Jehu
• *ʾāmar*: qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and he said
• *šālôm*: noun ms with definite article - the peace
• *zənûnê*: noun mp construct - harlotries/adulteries of
• *ʾÎzeḇel*: proper noun - Jezebel
• *ʾēm*: noun fs with 2ms suffix - your mother
• *kešep̄*: noun mp with 3fs suffix - her sorceries/witchcrafts
• *raḇ*: adjective mp with definite article - the many

Word Meanings

• *hāyāh*: be/happen/become
• *rāʾāh*: see/look/perceive
• *šālôm*: peace/welfare/safety
• *zənûnê*: harlotries/adulteries/prostitutions
• *kešep̄*: sorceries/witchcrafts/magic acts
• *raḇ*: many/great/numerous

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When Joram saw Jehu, he asked, 'Do you come in peace, Jehu?' Jehu replied, 'How can there be peace as long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her witchcraft are so many?'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And it happened, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it came to pass, when Joram{H3088} saw{H7200} Jehu,{H3058} that he said,{H559} Is it peace,{H7965} Jehu?{H3058} And he answered,{H559} What peace,{H7965} so long as{H5704} the whoredoms{H2183} of thy mother{H517} Jezebel{H348} and her witchcrafts{H3785} are so many?{H7227}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it came to pass, when Joram{H3088} saw{H7200}{(H8800)} Jehu{H3058}, that he said{H559}{(H8799)}, Is it peace{H7965}, Jehu{H3058}? And he answered{H559}{(H8799)}, What peace{H7965}, so long as{H5704} the whoredoms{H2183} of thy mother{H517} Jezebel{H348} and her witchcrafts{H3785} are so many{H7227}?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan Ioram sawe Iehu, he sayde: Iehu, is it peace? But he sayde: What peace? The whordome and witchcraft of thy mother Iesabel is not yet come to an ende.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And when Iehoram sawe Iehu, he sayde, Is it peace, Iehu? And he answered, What peace? whiles the whoredomes of thy mother Iezebel, and her witchcraftes are yet in great nomber?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And it fortuned, that when Ioram sawe Iehu, he sayd: Is it peace Iehu? He aunswered: What peace should there be, so long as the whordoms of thy mother Iezabel and her wytchcraftes are so great?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, [Is it] peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts [are so] many?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It happened, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? He answered, What peace, so long as the prostitution of your mother Jezebel and her witchcraft abound?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it cometh to pass, at Jehoram's seeing Jehu, that he saith, `Is there peace, Jehu?' and he saith, `What `is' the peace, while the whoredoms of Jezebel thy mother, and her witchcrafts, are many?'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now when Joram saw Jehu he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he said in answer, What peace is possible while all the land is full of the disgusting sins of your mother Jezebel, and her secret arts?

• World English Bible (2000)

  It happened, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said, "Is it peace, Jehu?" He answered, "What peace, so long as the prostitution of your mother Jezebel and her witchcraft abound?"

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When Jehoram saw Jehu, he asked,“Is everything all right, Jehu?” He replied,“How can everything be all right as long as your mother Jezebel promotes idolatry and pagan practices?”

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 16:30-33 : 30 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.30", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַחְאָ֧ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֛י הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְפָנָֽיו", "text": "And *wə-yaʿaś ʾaḥʾāḇ ben*-*ʿomrî* the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê YHWH* from-all who before-him.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*ʾaḥʾāḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahab", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - son of", "*ʿomrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Omri", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct noun - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*yaʿaś*": "did/practiced/committed", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/wrong" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.31", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ הֲנָקֵ֣ל לֶכְתּ֔וֹ בְּחַטֹּ֖אות יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח אִשָּׁ֜ה אֶת־אִיזֶ֗בֶל בַּת־אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צִידֹנִ֔ים וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* to-be-*hānāqēl* *lekəttô* in-*ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *yārāḇəʿām* son-of-*nəḇāṭ* and-*wayyiqqaḥ* woman *ʾet*-*ʾîzeḇel* daughter-of-*ʾetbaʿal* *melek* of-*ṣîḏōnîm* and-*wayyēlek* and-*wayyaʿăḇōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*baʿal* and-*wayyištaḥû* to-him", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became", "*hānāqēl*": "hiphil infinitive construct + interrogative particle - was it light/easy thing", "*lekəttô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "noun feminine plural construct - sins of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*nəḇāṭ*": "proper name - Nebat", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾîzeḇel*": "proper name - Jezebel", "*ʾetbaʿal*": "proper name - Ethbaal", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper name - Sidonians", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyaʿăḇōḏ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*baʿal*": "proper name - Baal", "*wayyištaḥû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down/worshipped" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*hānāqēl*": "was it a trivial thing/light matter", "*lekəttô*": "his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.32", "source": "וַיָּ֥קֶם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַבָּ֑עַל בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wayyāqem* *mizəbēḥa* to-the-*bāʿal* house the-*baʿal* which *bānāh* in-*šōmərôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected/established", "*mizəbēḥa*": "noun masculine singular - altar", "*bāʿal*": "proper name with definite article - the Baal", "*bānāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*šōmərôn*": "proper name - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqem*": "and he erected/established/set up", "*mizəbēḥa*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.33", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיּ֨וֹסֶף אַחְאָ֜ב לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֲלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּל מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿaś* *ʾaḥʾāḇ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾăšērāh* and-*wayyôsep* *ʾaḥʾāḇ* to-*laʿăśôt* to-*ləhakəʿîs* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* from-all kings-of *yiśrāʾēl* who *hāyû* before-him", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*ʾaḥʾāḇ*": "proper name - Ahab", "*ʾăšērāh*": "proper name with definite article - the Asherah", "*wayyôsep*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he continued/added", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*ləhakəʿîs*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke/anger", "*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred pole/goddess Asherah", "*wayyôsep*": "and he added/continued/did more", "*ləhakəʿîs*": "to provoke to anger/vex/irritate", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God/gods of" } }
• 2 Chr 21:13 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.21.13", "source": "וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַתַּזְנֶ֤ה אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כְּהַזְנ֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וְגַ֨ם אֶת־אַחֶ֧יךָ בֵית־אָבִ֛יךָ הַטּוֹבִ֥ים מִמְּךָ֖ הָרָֽגְתָּ׃", "text": "And-*wattēleḵ* in-*dereḵ* *malḵê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*wattazneh* *ʾeṯ*-*Yĕhûḏāh* and-*ʾeṯ*-*yōšĕḇê* *Yĕrûšālaim* like-the-*haznôṯ* *bêṯ* *ʾAḥʾāḇ* and-also *ʾeṯ*-*ʾaḥeḵā* *bêṯ*-*ʾāḇîḵā* the-*ṭôḇîm* from-you *hārāḡtā*.", "grammar": { "*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you walked", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wattazneh*": "waw-consecutive hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you caused to commit fornication", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Yĕhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yōšĕḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*Yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*haznôṯ*": "infinitive construct - causing fornication of", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾAḥʾāḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahab", "*ʾaḥeḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brothers", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾāḇîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ṭôḇîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - good", "*hārāḡtā*": "verb, perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you killed" }, "variants": { "*wattēleḵ*": "you walked/went/followed", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/manner", "*wattazneh*": "you caused to commit fornication/led into idolatry/made unfaithful", "*haznôṯ*": "fornications/prostitutions/idolatries", "*bêṯ*": "house/household/dynasty", "*ʾaḥeḵā*": "your brothers/siblings", "*ṭôḇîm*": "good/better/worthy", "*hārāḡtā*": "you killed/slew/murdered" } }
• Isa 57:19-21 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.19", "source": "בּוֹרֵ֖א *נוב **נִ֣יב שְׂפָתָ֑יִם שָׁל֨וֹם ׀ שָׁל֜וֹם לָרָח֧וֹק וְלַקָּר֛וֹב אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה וּרְפָאתִֽיו׃", "text": "*bôrēʾ* *nîb* *śəpātāyim* *šālôm* *šālôm* *lārāḥôq* *wə-laqqārôb* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *û-rəpāʾtîw*.", "grammar": { "*bôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - creating/one who creates", "*nîb*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - fruit/speech of", "*śəpātāyim*": "noun, feminine, dual - lips/speech", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular (repeated) - peace, peace", "*lārāḥôq*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine, singular - to the far one", "*wə-laqqārôb*": "conjunctive waw + preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine, singular - and to the near one", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-rəpāʾtîw*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I will heal him" }, "variants": { "*bôrēʾ*": "creating/one who creates/former", "*nîb*": "fruit/offspring/speech", "*śəpātāyim*": "lips/speech/language", "*šālôm* *šālôm*": "peace, peace (emphatic repetition)/complete peace", "*rāḥôq*": "far one/distant one/one who is far away", "*qārôb*": "near one/close one/one who is near", "*rəpāʾtîw*": "I will heal him/make him whole/restore him" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.20", "source": "וְהָרְשָׁעִ֖ים כַּיָּ֣ם נִגְרָ֑שׁ כִּ֤י הַשְׁקֵט֙ לֹ֣א יוּכָ֔ל וַיִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ מֵימָ֖יו רֶ֥פֶשׁ וָטִֽיט׃", "text": "*wə-hārəšāʿîm* *kayyām* *nigrāš* *kî* *hašqēṭ* *lōʾ* *yûḵāl* *wayyigrəšû* *mêmāyw* *repeš* *wāṭîṭ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hārəšāʿîm*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + adjective, masculine, plural - and the wicked ones", "*kayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - like the sea", "*nigrāš*": "niphal participle, masculine, singular - driven/tossed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hašqēṭ*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - to be quiet/rest", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûḵāl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it is able", "*wayyigrəšû*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they cast up", "*mêmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its waters", "*repeš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mire/mud", "*wāṭîṭ*": "conjunctive waw + noun, masculine, singular - and dirt/clay" }, "variants": { "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people/unrighteous", "*nigrāš*": "tossed/driven/troubled/agitated", "*hašqēṭ*": "to be quiet/to rest/to be still", "*yûḵāl*": "it is able/can/is capable", "*wayyigrəšû*": "they cast up/throw up/expel", "*repeš*": "mire/mud/dirt", "*ṭîṭ*": "dirt/clay/mire" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.21", "source": "אֵ֣ין שָׁל֔וֹם אָמַ֥ר אֱלֹהַ֖י לָרְשָׁעִֽים׃ ס", "text": "*ʾên* *šālôm* *ʾāmar* *ʾĕlōhay* *lārəšāʿîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - peace", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*lārəšāʿîm*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine, plural - to/for the wicked ones" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/prosperity/safety", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/my deity", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people/unrighteous" } }
• Nah 3:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.4", "source": "מֵרֹב זְנוּנֵי זוֹנָה טוֹבַת חֵן בַּעֲלַת כְּשָׁפִים הַמֹּכֶרֶת גּוֹיִם בִּזְנוּנֶיהָ וּמִשְׁפָּחוֹת בִּכְשָׁפֶיהָ׃", "text": "*mērōb* *zĕnûnê* *zônāh* *ṭôbat* *ḥēn* *baʿălat* *kĕšāp̄îm* *ham-mōkeret* *gôyim* *bi-zĕnûnehā* *û-mišpāḥôt* *bi-kĕšāp̄ehā*", "grammar": { "*mērōb*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - because of multitude of", "*zĕnûnê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - harlotries of", "*zônāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - harlot/prostitute", "*ṭôbat*": "adjective, feminine, singular construct - goodly/beautiful of", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine, singular - grace/charm/favor", "*baʿălat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - mistress of", "*kĕšāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine, plural - sorceries/witchcrafts", "*ham-mōkeret*": "article + verb, Qal participle, feminine singular - the one selling", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*bi-zĕnûnehā*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her harlotries", "*û-mišpāḥôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and families/clans", "*bi-kĕšāp̄ehā*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her sorceries" }, "variants": { "*zĕnûnê*": "harlotries/prostitutions/fornications", "*zônāh*": "harlot/prostitute", "*ṭôbat ḥēn*": "beautiful/graceful/charming/pleasing", "*baʿălat*": "mistress/owner/possessor of", "*kĕšāp̄îm*": "sorceries/witchcrafts/enchantments", "*mōkeret*": "selling/trading/enslaving", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*mišpāḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes" } }
• Rev 2:20-23 : 20 { "verseID": "Revelation.2.20", "source": "Ἀλλʼ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὀλίγα, ὅτι ἐᾷς τὴν γυναῖκα Ἰεζάβηλ, τὴν λέγουσαν ἑαυτὴν προφῆτιν, διδάσκειν καὶ πλανᾶσθαι ἐμοὺς δούλους πορνεῦσαι, καὶ φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα.", "text": "But *echō kata* you *oliga*, that *eas* the *gunaika Iezabēl*, the *legousan heautēn prophētin*, *didaskein* and *planasthai emous doulous porneusai*, and *phagein eidōlothuta*.", "grammar": { "*echō*": "present indicative, 1st singular - I have", "*kata*": "preposition with genitive - against", "*oliga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - few [things]", "*eas*": "present indicative, 2nd singular - you allow/permit", "*gunaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - woman/wife", "*Iezabēl*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Jezebel", "*legousan*": "present participle, accusative, feminine, singular - saying/calling", "*heautēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, reflexive - herself", "*prophētin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - prophetess", "*didaskein*": "present infinitive - to teach", "*planasthai*": "present infinitive passive - to be led astray", "*emous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - my", "*doulous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - slaves/servants", "*porneusai*": "aorist infinitive - to commit sexual immorality", "*phagein*": "aorist infinitive - to eat", "*eidōlothuta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - things sacrificed to idols" }, "variants": { "*eas*": "allow/permit/tolerate", "*gunaika*": "woman/wife", "*legousan*": "saying/calling/declaring", "*prophētin*": "prophetess/female prophet", "*didaskein*": "teach/instruct", "*planasthai*": "be led astray/be deceived/wander", "*doulous*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*porneusai*": "commit sexual immorality/fornicate", "*eidōlothuta*": "things sacrificed to idols/idol offerings" } } 21 { "verseID": "Revelation.2.21", "source": "Καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ χρόνον ἵνα μετανοήσῃ εκʼ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς· καὶ οὐ μετενόησεν.", "text": "And *edōka* to-her *chronon* that *metanoēsē* from the *porneias* of-her; and not *metenoēsen*.", "grammar": { "*edōka*": "aorist indicative, 1st singular - I gave", "*chronon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - time", "*metanoēsē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular - she might repent", "*porneias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sexual immorality", "*metenoēsen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd singular - she repented" }, "variants": { "*chronon*": "time/period/space of time", "*metanoēsē*": "repent/change mind", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*metenoēsen*": "repented/changed mind" } } 22 { "verseID": "Revelation.2.22", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ἐγὼ βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην, καὶ τοὺς μοιχεύοντας μετʼ αὐτῆς εἰς θλῖψιν μεγάλην, ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσωσιν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν.", "text": "*Idou*, I *ballō* her into *klinēn*, and those *moicheuontas* with her into *thlipsin megalēn*, if not *metanoēsōsin* from the *ergōn* of-them.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist imperative middle, 2nd singular - behold/look", "*ballō*": "present indicative, 1st singular - I cast/throw", "*klinēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bed", "*moicheuontas*": "present participle, accusative, masculine, plural - committing adultery", "*thlipsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - tribulation/affliction", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*metanoēsōsin*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might repent", "*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*ballō*": "cast/throw/put", "*klinēn*": "bed/couch/sickbed", "*moicheuontas*": "committing adultery with/being unfaithful with", "*thlipsin*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*megalēn*": "great/large/severe", "*metanoēsōsin*": "repent/change mind", "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions" } } 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.2.23", "source": "Καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ ἐν θανάτῳ· καὶ γνώσονται πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐρευνῶν νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας: καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ὑμῶν.", "text": "And the *tekna* of-her *apoktenō* in *thanatō*; and *gnōsontai* all the *ekklēsiai* that I *eimi* the *ereunōn nephrous* and *kardias*: and *dōsō* to-you to-each according-to the *erga* of-you.", "grammar": { "*tekna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*apoktenō*": "future indicative, 1st singular - I will kill", "*thanatō*": "dative, masculine, singular - with death", "*gnōsontai*": "future indicative middle, 3rd plural - they will know", "*ekklēsiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - assemblies/churches", "*eimi*": "present indicative, 1st singular - I am", "*ereunōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - searching", "*nephrous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - kidneys/inward thoughts", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*dōsō*": "future indicative, 1st singular - I will give", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*tekna*": "children/offspring/descendants", "*apoktenō*": "kill/slay/put to death", "*thanatō*": "death/deadly disease", "*ekklēsiai*": "assemblies/churches/congregations", "*ereunōn*": "searching/examining/investigating", "*nephrous*": "kidneys/inward thoughts/deepest emotions", "*kardias*": "hearts/minds/inner selves", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions" } }
• Rev 17:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.4", "source": "Καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἦν περιβεβλημένη πορφύρᾳ καὶ κόκκινῳ, καὶ κεχρυσωμένη χρυσῷ καὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ καὶ μαργαρίταις, ἔχουσα χρυσοῦν ποτήριον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτῆς γέμον βδελυγμάτων καὶ ἀκάθαρτητος πορνείας αὐτῆς:", "text": "And the *gynē* was *peribeblēmenē* with *porphyra* and *kokkino*, and *kechrysōmenē* with *chrysō* and *lithō* *timiō* and *margaritais*, *echousa* *chrysoun* *potērion* in the *cheiri* of her *gemon* *bdelygmatōn* and *akathartētos* *porneias* of her:", "grammar": { "*gynē*": "nominative singular feminine - woman", "*peribeblēmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been clothed/arrayed", "*porphyra*": "dative singular feminine - with purple", "*kokkino*": "dative singular neuter - with scarlet", "*kechrysōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular feminine - having been adorned with gold", "*chrysō*": "dative singular masculine - with gold", "*lithō*": "dative singular masculine - with stone", "*timiō*": "dative singular masculine - precious", "*margaritais*": "dative plural masculine - with pearls", "*echousa*": "present active participle, nominative singular feminine - having", "*chrysoun*": "accusative singular neuter - golden", "*potērion*": "accusative singular neuter - cup", "*cheiri*": "dative singular feminine - in hand", "*gemon*": "present active participle, accusative singular neuter - being full of", "*bdelygmatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - of abominations", "*akathartētos*": "genitive singular feminine - of uncleanness", "*porneias*": "genitive singular feminine - of sexual immorality" }, "variants": { "*gynē*": "woman/wife/female", "*porphyra*": "purple/purple garment/royal color", "*kokkino*": "scarlet/crimson/red", "*lithō timiō*": "precious stone/gem/jewel", "*margaritais*": "pearls/precious ornaments", "*potērion*": "cup/goblet/drinking vessel", "*bdelygmatōn*": "abominations/detestable things/idolatrous practices", "*akathartētos*": "uncleanness/impurity/filthiness", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/prostitution/idolatry" } } 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.5", "source": "Καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῆς ὄνομα γεγραμμένον, Μυστήριον, Βαβυλὼν Ἡ Μεγάλη, Ἡ Μήτηρ Τῶν Πορνῶν Καὶ Τῶν Βδελυγμάτων Τῆς Γῆς.", "text": "And upon the *metōpon* of her *onoma* *gegrammenon*, *Mystērion*, *Babylōn* The *Megalē*, The *Mētēr* Of The *Pornōn* And Of The *Bdelygmatōn* Of The *Gēs*.", "grammar": { "*metōpon*": "accusative singular neuter - forehead", "*onoma*": "nominative singular neuter - name", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular neuter - having been written", "*Mystērion*": "nominative singular neuter - mystery", "*Babylōn*": "nominative singular feminine - Babylon", "*Megalē*": "nominative singular feminine - great", "*Mētēr*": "nominative singular feminine - mother", "*Pornōn*": "genitive plural feminine - of prostitutes", "*Bdelygmatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - of abominations", "*Gēs*": "genitive singular feminine - of earth/land" }, "variants": { "*metōpon*": "forehead/front", "*onoma*": "name/title/reputation", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed/recorded", "*Mystērion*": "mystery/secret/hidden truth", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (literal city or symbolic entity)", "*Megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*Mētēr*": "mother/source/origin", "*Pornōn*": "prostitutes/harlots/sexually immoral persons", "*Bdelygmatōn*": "abominations/detestable things/idolatrous practices", "*Gēs*": "earth/land/world" } }
• Rev 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.3", "source": "Ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πέπτωκαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετʼ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.", "text": "Because from the *oinou* of the *thymou* of the *porneias* of her *peptōkan* all the *ethnē*, and the *basileis* of the *gēs* with her *eporneusan*, and the *emporoi* of the *gēs* from the *dynameōs* of the *strēnous* of her *eploutēsan*.", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*tou oinou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*tou thymou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/passion/fury", "*tēs porneias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - fornication/sexual immorality", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*peptōkan*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - have fallen/have drunk", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*eporneusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - committed fornication/sexual immorality", "*emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants/traders", "*dynameōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - power/might/abundance", "*strēnous*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - luxury/sensuality/wantonness", "*eploutēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich/wealthy" }, "variants": { "*oinou*": "wine/intoxicating drink", "*thymou*": "wrath/passion/fury/anger", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*peptōkan*": "have fallen/have drunk/have been corrupted", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*eporneusan*": "committed sexual immorality/fornicated with", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*dynameōs*": "power/might/strength/abundance", "*strēnous*": "luxury/sensuality/wantonness/self-indulgence", "*eploutēsan*": "became rich/wealthy/affluent" } }
• Rev 18:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.23", "source": "Καὶ φῶς λύχνου οὐ μὴ φάνῃ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι: ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροί σου ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς· ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.", "text": "And *phōs* of *lychnou* *ou mē* *phanē* in you *eti*; and *phōnē* of *nymphiou* and of *nymphēs* *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*: because the *emporoi* of you *ēsan* the *megistanes* of the *gēs*; because in the *pharmakeia* of you *eplanēthēsan* all the *ethnē*.", "grammar": { "*phōs*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*lychnou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - lamp", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*phanē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might shine/appear", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person singular - you", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer", "*phōnē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*nymphiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - bride", "*akousthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be heard", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hoi emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*ēsan*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were", "*hoi megistanes*": "adjective used as noun, nominative, masculine, plural - great ones/magnates", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*en*": "preposition + dative - by", "*tē pharmakeia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - sorcery/magic arts", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*eplanēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were deceived/led astray", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples" }, "variants": { "*phōs*": "light/brightness", "*lychnou*": "lamp/light", "*phanē*": "might shine/might appear/might be seen", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/noise", "*nymphiou*": "bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "bride", "*akousthē*": "might be heard/will be heard", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*ēsan*": "were", "*megistanes*": "great ones/magnates/nobles/mighty men", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*pharmakeia*": "sorcery/magic arts/witchcraft/drug use", "*eplanēthēsan*": "were deceived/were led astray/were misled", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles" } }
• 1 Kgs 18:4 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.4", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ בְּהַכְרִ֣ית אִיזֶ֔בֶל אֵ֖ת נְבִיאֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֨ח עֹבַדְיָ֜הוּ מֵאָ֣ה נְבִאִ֗ים וַֽיַּחְבִּיאֵ֞ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וְכִלְכְּלָ֖ם לֶ֥חֶם וָמָֽיִם", "text": "And *wayəhî* when-*bəhakrît* *ʾîzebel* *ʾēt* *nəbîʾê* *YHWH* and *wayyiqqaḥ* *ʿōbadyāhû* *mēʾāh* *nəbîʾîm* and *wayyaḥbiʾēm* *ḥămiššîm* *ʾîš* in-the-*məʿārāh* and *wəkilkəlām* *leḥem* and-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*bəhakrît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - in the cutting off", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name - Jezebel", "*nəbîʾê*": "noun masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took", "*ʿōbadyāhû*": "proper name - Obadiah", "*mēʾāh*": "numeral - hundred", "*nəbîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural - prophets", "*wayyaḥbiʾēm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he hid them", "*ḥămiššîm*": "numeral - fifty", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each", "*məʿārāh*": "noun feminine singular - cave", "*wəkilkəlām*": "conjunction + pilpel perfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he sustained them", "*leḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food", "*māyim*": "noun masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*bəhakrît*": "when cutting off/when destroying/when killing", "*wayyaḥbiʾēm*": "hid them/concealed them", "*wəkilkəlām*": "sustained them/provided for them/nourished them", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance" } }
• 1 Kgs 18:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.19", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח קְבֹ֥ץ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וְאֶת־נְבִיאֵ֨י הַבַּ֜עַל אַרְבַּ֧ע מֵא֣וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים וּנְבִיאֵ֤י הָֽאֲשֵׁרָה֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת אֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחַ֥ן אִיזָֽבֶל׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattâ* *šəlaḥ* *qəbōṣ* to-me *ʾet*-all-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*har* the-*karmel* and-*ʾet*-*nəbîʾê* the-*baʿal* four *mēʾôt* and-fifty and-*nəbîʾê* the-*ʾăšērâ* four *mēʾôt* *ʾōkəlê* *šulḥan* *ʾîzābel*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*šəlaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular of *šālaḥ* - send", "*qəbōṣ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular of *qābaṣ* - gather", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ha-karmel*": "definite article + proper noun - Carmel", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*nəbîʾê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "number, cardinal - four", "*mēʾôt*": "hundreds/hundred", "*wa-ḥămiššîm*": "conjunction + number, cardinal - and fifty", "*û-nəbîʾê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and prophets of", "*hā-ʾăšērâ*": "definite article + proper noun, feminine singular - the Asherah", "*ʾōkəlê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct of *ʾākal* - eaters of", "*šulḥan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - table of", "*ʾîzābel*": "proper noun, feminine - Jezebel" }, "variants": { "*qəbōṣ*": "gather/assemble/collect", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah (fertility goddess)/sacred pole/sacred tree", "*šulḥan*": "table/food provision/royal service" } }
• 1 Kgs 19:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "1_Kings.19.1", "source": "וַיַּגֵּ֤ד אַחְאָב֙ לְאִיזֶ֔בֶל אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֛ג אֶת־כָּל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים בֶּחָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *wayyaggêd* *ʾAḥʾāb* to *ʾÎzeḇel* *ʾēt* all which *ʿāśâ* *ʾĒliyyāhû* and *ʾēt* all which *hārag* *ʾet* all the *nəḇîʾîm* with *ḥāreḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaggêd*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he told/declared", "*ʾAḥʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahab", "*ʾÎzeḇel*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Jezebel", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʾĒliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*hārag*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/slew", "*nəḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural - prophets", "*ḥāreḇ*": "noun feminine singular + preposition bet - with the sword" }, "variants": { "*wayyaggêd*": "told/declared/reported/informed", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*hārag*": "killed/slew/murdered" } } 2 { "verseID": "1_Kings.19.2", "source": "וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֤וּן אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִפ֔וּן כִּֽי־כָעֵ֤ת מָחָר֙ אָשִׂ֣ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֔ כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wattišlaḥ* *ʾÎzeḇel* *malʾāḵ* to *ʾĒliyyāhû* *lēʾmōr* thus *yaʿăśûn* *ʾĕlōhîm* and thus *yôsipûn* that at the time tomorrow *ʾāśîm* *ʾet*-*napšəḵā* like *nepeš* one from them.", "grammar": { "*wattišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she sent", "*ʾÎzeḇel*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Jezebel", "*malʾāḵ*": "noun masculine singular - messenger/angel", "*ʾĒliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yaʿăśûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will do", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God/gods", "*yôsipûn*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will add", "*ʾāśîm*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will make/set/place", "*napšəḵā*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life/soul", "*nepeš*": "noun feminine singular construct - life/soul" }, "variants": { "*malʾāḵ*": "messenger/angel", "*yaʿăśûn*": "may do/will do", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*yôsipûn*": "may add/will add", "*ʾāśîm*": "will make/set/place/put", "*nepeš*": "life/soul/person" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.8", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח *הספרים **סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִיר֔וֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* *səpārîm* in-*šēm* *ʾaḥʾāb* *wa-taḥtōm* with-*ḥōtāmô* *wa-tišlaḥ* *səpārîm* to-the-*zəqēnîm* and-to-the-*ḥōrîm* who in-*ʿîrô* the-*yōšəbîm* with-*nābôt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*wa-taḥtōm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sealed", "*ḥōtāmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his seal", "*wa-tišlaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sent", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - elders", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nobles/free men", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*yōšəbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - dwelling/living", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth" }, "variants": { "*səpārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls", "*ḥōtāmô*": "his seal/his signet", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men", "*ḥōrîm*": "nobles/free men/officials", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.9", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* in-the-*səpārîm* *lēʾmōr*, *qirʾû-ṣôm* and-*hôšîbû* *ʾet*-*nābôt* in-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + noun - call/proclaim a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "proclaim a fast/call a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "seat/set/place", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief place" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.10", "source": "וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ שְׁנַ֨יִם אֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וִיעִדֻ֣הוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ וְיָמֹֽת׃", "text": "And-*hôšîbû* two *ʾănāšîm* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* opposite-him *wîʿiduhû* *lēʾmōr*, *bēraktā* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*melek*; and-*hôṣîʾuhû* and-*siqəluhû* and-*yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*wîʿiduhû*": "conjunction + jussive, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and let them testify against him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bēraktā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you blessed/cursed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bring him out", "*siqəluhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - stone him", "*yāmōt*": "jussive, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - let him die" }, "variants": { "*bənê-bəlîyaʿal*": "worthless men/scoundrels/sons of wickedness", "*bēraktā*": "blessed/cursed (euphemism for cursed)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "bring him out/lead him out" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:25 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.25", "source": "רַ֚ק לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה כְאַחְאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְמַכֵּ֔ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵסַ֥תָּה אֹת֖וֹ אִיזֶ֥בֶל אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Surely not-*hāyâ* like-*ʾaḥʾāb* who *hitmakēr* to-do the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*, whom-*hēsattâ* him *ʾîzebel* *ʾištô*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - there was", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*hitmakēr*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hithpael - he sold himself", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine, Hiphil - she incited", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife" }, "variants": { "*hitmakēr*": "sold himself/devoted himself", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "incited/enticed/urged" } }
• 2 Kgs 9:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.9.18", "source": "וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ רֹכֵ֨ב הַסּ֜וּס לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֣ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָ֑י וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ עַד־הֵ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָֽׁב׃", "text": "And *hālaḵ* *rōḵēḇ* the *sûs* to *qārāʾ* him, and *ʾāmar*, Thus *ʾāmar* the *meleḵ*: Is there *šālôm*? And *ʾāmar* *Yēhûʾ*, What to you and to *šālôm*? *sāḇaḇ* to after me. And *nāḡaḏ* the *ṣōp̄eh* *ʾāmar*, The *malʾāḵ* has *bôʾ* to them, but not *šûḇ*.", "grammar": { "*hālaḵ*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and went", "*rōḵēḇ*": "qal participle ms construct - rider of", "*sûs*": "noun ms with definite article - the horse", "*qārāʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - to meet him", "*ʾāmar*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and said", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3ms - has said", "*meleḵ*": "noun ms with definite article - the king", "*šālôm*": "noun ms - peace", "*ʾāmar*": "qal waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and said", "*Yēhûʾ*": "proper noun - Jehu", "*šālôm*": "noun ms - peace", "*sāḇaḇ*": "qal imperative ms - turn around", "*nāḡaḏ*": "hiphil waw consecutive imperfect 3ms - and reported", "*ṣōp̄eh*": "qal participle ms with definite article - the watchman", "*ʾāmar*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*malʾāḵ*": "noun ms with definite article - the messenger", "*bôʾ*": "qal perfect 3ms - has come", "*šûḇ*": "qal perfect 3ms - returned" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵ*": "go/walk/proceed", "*rōḵēḇ*": "rider/horseman", "*sûs*": "horse", "*qārāʾ*": "meet/encounter", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/safety", "*sāḇaḇ*": "turn/turn around/go around", "*nāḡaḏ*": "tell/report/inform", "*malʾāḵ*": "messenger/envoy", "*bôʾ*": "come/arrive/enter", "*šûḇ*": "return/turn back/come back" } }