23{
"verseID": "2Samuel.18.23",
"source": "וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ וַיָּ֤רָץ אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַכּוּשִֽׁי׃",
"text": "And-*yehî*-what *ʾārûṣ* and-*yōʾmer* to-him *rûṣ* and-*yārāṣ* *ʾĂḥîmaʿaṣ* *dereḵ* the-*kikkār* and-*yaʿăḇōr* *ʾeṯ*-the-*Kûšî*.",
"grammar": {
"*yehî*": "third person masculine singular qal jussive - let it be",
"*ʾārûṣ*": "first person singular qal imperfect - I will run",
"*yōʾmer*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he said",
"*rûṣ*": "masculine singular qal imperative - run",
"*yārāṣ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he ran",
"*ʾĂḥîmaʿaṣ*": "proper noun - Ahimaaz",
"*dereḵ*": "masculine singular construct - way of",
"*kikkār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/circle/district",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he passed/overtook",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Kûšî*": "masculine singular gentilic adjective with definite article - the Cushite"
},
"variants": {
"*yehî*": "let it be/whatever happens/come what may",
"*ʾārûṣ*": "I will run/I shall run",
"*rûṣ*": "run/go quickly",
"*dereḵ*": "way/road/path",
"*kikkār*": "plain/valley/Jordan Valley",
"*yaʿăḇōr*": "passed/overtook/outran"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "2Samuel.18.24",
"source": "וְדָוִ֥ד יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַצֹּפֶ֜ה אֶל־גַּ֤ג הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֥ץ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*Dāwiḏ* *yôšēḇ* between-two the-*šěʿārîm* and-*yēleḵ* the-*ṣōp̄eh* to-*gaḡ* the-*šaʿar* to-the-*ḥômâ* and-*yiśśāʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿênāyw* and-*yarʾ* and-behold-*ʾîš* *rāṣ* to-*ḇaddô*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*yôšēḇ*": "masculine singular qal participle - sitting/dwelling",
"*šěʿārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the gates",
"*yēleḵ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he went",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the watchman",
"*gaḡ*": "masculine singular construct - roof of",
"*šaʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the gate",
"*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the wall",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he lifted up",
"*ʿênāyw*": "feminine dual noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his eyes",
"*yarʾ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he saw",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man",
"*rāṣ*": "masculine singular qal participle - running",
"*ḇaddô*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his separation/by himself"
},
"variants": {
"*yôšēḇ*": "sitting/dwelling/was seated",
"*šěʿārîm*": "gates/entrances",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "watchman/lookout",
"*gaḡ*": "roof/top",
"*ḥômâ*": "wall/rampart",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised",
"*yarʾ*": "saw/looked",
"*rāṣ*": "running/coming quickly",
"*ḇaddô*": "by himself/alone"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "2Samuel.18.25",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־לְבַדּ֖וֹ בְּשׂוֹרָ֣ה בְּפִ֑יו וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב׃",
"text": "And-*yiqrāʾ* the-*ṣōp̄eh* and-*yaggēḏ* to-the-*meleḵ* and-*yōʾmer* the-*meleḵ* if-to-*ḇaddô* *běśôrâ* in-*pîw* and-*yēleḵ* *hālôḵ* and-*qārēḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yiqrāʾ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he called",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the watchman",
"*yaggēḏ*": "third person masculine singular hiphil imperfect consecutive - and he told",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king",
"*yōʾmer*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he said",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king",
"*ḇaddô*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his separation/by himself",
"*běśôrâ*": "feminine singular noun - news/tidings",
"*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his mouth",
"*yēleḵ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he went",
"*hālôḵ*": "qal infinitive absolute - going",
"*qārēḇ*": "masculine singular qal participle - approaching"
},
"variants": {
"*yiqrāʾ*": "called out/cried out",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "watchman/lookout",
"*yaggēḏ*": "told/informed/reported",
"*ḇaddô*": "by himself/alone",
"*běśôrâ*": "news/tidings/message",
"*pîw*": "his mouth/his speech",
"*hālôḵ*": "going/coming",
"*qārēḇ*": "approaching/coming nearer"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "2Samuel.18.26",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ־אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁ֔עֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם־זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר׃",
"text": "And-*yarʾ* the-*ṣōp̄eh* *ʾîš*-*ʾaḥēr* *rāṣ* and-*yiqrāʾ* the-*ṣōp̄eh* to-the-*šōʿēr* and-*yōʾmer* behold-*ʾîš* *rāṣ* to-*ḇaddô* and-*yōʾmer* the-*meleḵ* also-*zeh* *měḇaśśēr*.",
"grammar": {
"*yarʾ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he saw",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the watchman",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - man of",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "masculine singular adjective - another/other",
"*rāṣ*": "masculine singular qal participle - running",
"*yiqrāʾ*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he called",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the watchman",
"*šōʿēr*": "masculine singular qal participle with definite article - the gatekeeper",
"*yōʾmer*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he said",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man",
"*rāṣ*": "masculine singular qal participle - running",
"*ḇaddô*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - his separation/by himself",
"*yōʾmer*": "third person masculine singular qal imperfect consecutive - and he said",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king",
"*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*měḇaśśēr*": "masculine singular piel participle - bringing news/messenger"
},
"variants": {
"*yarʾ*": "saw/noticed",
"*ṣōp̄eh*": "watchman/lookout",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "another/different",
"*rāṣ*": "running/coming quickly",
"*yiqrāʾ*": "called/cried out",
"*šōʿēr*": "gatekeeper/porter",
"*ḇaddô*": "by himself/alone",
"*měḇaśśēr*": "messenger/bearer of news/herald"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.27",
"source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-ṣōpê* I *ʾănî* *rōʾê* *ʾet*-*mərûṣat* the *hā-rîšôn* like-*ki-mərūṣat* *ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ* *ben*-*ṣādôq* and *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-melek* *ʾîš*-*ṭôb* this *zê* and *wə-ʾel*-*bəśôrâ* *ṭôbâ* he *yābôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-ṣōpê*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the watchman",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*rōʾê*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seeing/am seeing",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*mərûṣat*": "feminine singular construct - running of",
"*hā-rîšôn*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the first",
"*ki-mərūṣat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - like running of",
"*ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahimaaz",
"*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of",
"*ṣādôq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Zadok",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*zê*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/toward",
"*bəśôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - news/tidings",
"*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good",
"*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come"
},
"variants": {
"*mərûṣat*": "running/manner of running/gait",
"*ʾîš-ṭôb*": "good man/honorable man/trustworthy man",
"*bəśôrâ*": "news/tidings/message"
}
}
28{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.28",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֲחִימַ֗עַץ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לְאַפָּ֖יו אָ֑רְצָה ס וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּרוּךְ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר סִגַּר֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־נָשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־יָדָ֖ם בַּֽאדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ* and *wə-yōʾmer* to-*ʾel*-the *ha-melek* *šālôm* and *wə-yištaḥû* to-the *la-melek* to-*lə-ʾappāyw* *ʾārṣâ* and *wə-yōʾmer* *bārûk* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* who *ʾăšer* *siggar* *ʾet*-the *hā-ʾănāšîm* who-*ʾăšer*-lifted *nāśəʾû* *ʾet*-hand-their *yādām* against-*ba*-lord-my *ʾădōnî* the *ha-melek*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahimaaz",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/welfare/completeness",
"*wə-yištaḥû*": "waw consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the king",
"*lə-ʾappāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine dual construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his face",
"*ʾārṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground",
"*bārûk*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, masculine singular - LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that",
"*siggar*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - delivered up/shut up",
"*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men",
"*nāśəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they lifted",
"*yādām*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand",
"*ba*": "preposition - in/against",
"*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my lord",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king"
},
"variants": {
"*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/well-being/completeness/safety",
"*siggar*": "delivered up/shut up/surrendered/handed over",
"*nāśəʾû yādām*": "lifted their hand/rebelled/rose up against"
}
}
29{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחִימַ֡עַץ רָאִיתִי֩ הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּד֜וֹל לִ֠שְׁלֹחַ אֶת־עֶ֨בֶד הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יוֹאָב֙ וְאֶת־עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-melek* *šālôm* to-the *la-naʿar* to-*lə-ʾabšālôm* and *wə-yōʾmer* *ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ* I-saw *rāʾîtî* the *he-hāmôn* the *ha-gādôl* when-sent *li-šəlōaḥ* *ʾet*-servant-of *ʿebed* the *ha-melek* *yôʾāb* and *wə-ʾet*-servant-your *ʿabdekā* and *wə-lōʾ* I-knew *yādaʿtî* what *mâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/welfare/well-being",
"*la-naʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the young man",
"*lə-ʾabšālôm*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Absalom",
"*ʾăḥîmaʿaṣ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahimaaz",
"*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I saw",
"*he-hāmôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the crowd/multitude/tumult",
"*ha-gādôl*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the great",
"*li-šəlōaḥ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to send",
"*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joab",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I knew",
"*mâ*": "interrogative pronoun - what"
},
"variants": {
"*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/welfare/safety",
"*naʿar*": "young man/servant/boy",
"*hāmôn*": "crowd/multitude/tumult/commotion",
"*li-šəlōaḥ*": "to send/when sending/at the sending of"
}
}
30{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.30",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ סֹ֖ב הִתְיַצֵּ֣ב כֹּ֑ה וַיִּסֹּ֖ב וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-melek* turn-around *sōb* stand *hityaṣṣēb* here *kōh* and *wə-yissōb* and *wə-yaʿămōd*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*sōb*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - turn around",
"*hityaṣṣēb*": "hithpael imperative, masculine singular - station yourself/stand",
"*kōh*": "adverb - here/thus",
"*wə-yissōb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned around",
"*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stood"
},
"variants": {
"*sōb*": "turn around/turn aside/move away",
"*hityaṣṣēb*": "station yourself/stand/present yourself/take position",
"*kōh*": "here/thus/in this manner"
}
}
31{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.31",
"source": "וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכּוּשִׁ֖י בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שְׁפָטְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל־הַקָּמִ֥ים עָלֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "And behold *wə-hinnēh* the *ha-kûšî* *bāʾ* and *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-kûšî* let-be-informed *yitbaśśēr* lord-my *ʾădōnî* the *ha-melek* that-*kî*-judged-you *šəpāṭəkā* *YHWH* the *ha-yôm* from-hand-of *mi-yad* all-*kol*-the *ha-qāmîm* against-you *ʿālêkā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ha-kûšî*": "definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - the Cushite",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-kûšî*": "definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - the Cushite",
"*yitbaśśēr*": "hithpael jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let be informed/receive good news",
"*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my lord",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for",
"*šəpāṭəkā*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he has judged you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, masculine singular - LORD",
"*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day/today",
"*mi-yad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from hand of",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ha-qāmîm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the ones rising",
"*ʿālêkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you"
},
"variants": {
"*kûšî*": "Cushite/Ethiopian",
"*yitbaśśēr*": "receive good news/be informed/receive tidings",
"*šəpāṭəkā*": "judged you/vindicated you/delivered you",
"*qāmîm*": "ones rising/rebels/those who rose up"
}
}
32{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.18.32",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הַכּוּשִׁ֔י הֲשָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִהְי֤וּ כַנַּ֙עַר֙ אֹֽיְבֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־קָ֥מוּ עָלֶ֖יךָ לְרָעָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-melek* to-*ʾel*-the *ha-kûšî* is-there-*hă*-*šālôm* to-the *la-naʿar* to-*lə-ʾabšālôm* and *wə-yōʾmer* the *ha-kûšî* may-they-be *yihyû* like-the *ka-naʿar* enemies-of *ʾōyəbê* lord-my *ʾădōnî* the *ha-melek* and-*wə*-all *kōl* who-*ʾăšer*-rose *qāmû* against-you *ʿālêkā* for-harm *lə-rāʿâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*ha-kûšî*": "definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - the Cushite",
"*hă*": "interrogative particle - is?",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/welfare/well-being",
"*la-naʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the young man",
"*lə-ʾabšālôm*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Absalom",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-kûšî*": "definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - the Cushite",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - may they be",
"*ka-naʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the young man",
"*ʾōyəbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - enemies of",
"*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my lord",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that",
"*qāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they rose",
"*ʿālêkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you",
"*lə-rāʿâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for evil/harm"
},
"variants": {
"*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/welfare/safety",
"*naʿar*": "young man/servant/boy",
"*yihyû ka-naʿar*": "may they be like the young man/may the same fate befall them as befell the young man",
"*ʾōyəbê*": "enemies of/those who hate",
"*lə-rāʿâ*": "for evil/for harm/with harmful intent"
}
}