6 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.6",
"source": "וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֥ע כֶּ֙רֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א חִלְּל֔וֹ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "And-who-is-the-*ʾîš* who-*nāṭaʿ* *kerem* and-not *ḥillĕlô*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô*, lest-*yāmût* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yĕḥallĕlennû*.",
"grammar": {
"*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who",
"*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which",
"*nāṭaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has planted",
"*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard",
"*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ḥillĕlô*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - made it common/used its fruit",
"*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go",
"*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return",
"*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house",
"*pen*": "conjunction - lest",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he die",
"*ba-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the battle",
"*wĕ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a man",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - another/different",
"*yĕḥallĕlennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - will use its fruit"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/each",
"*nāṭaʿ*": "plant/establish/set",
"*kerem*": "vineyard/orchard",
"*ḥillĕlô*": "used its fruit/made it common/profaned it/begun to use it",
"*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart",
"*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back",
"*yāmût*": "die/perish",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/different",
"*yĕḥallĕlennû*": "use its fruit/make it common/begin to use it"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.7",
"source": "וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֵרַ֤שׂ אִשָּׁה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְקָחָ֔הּ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃",
"text": "And-who-is-the-*ʾîš* who-*ʾēraś* *ʾiššāh* and-not *lĕqāḥāh*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô*, lest-*yāmût* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yiqqāḥennāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who",
"*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which",
"*ʾēraś*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has betrothed",
"*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife",
"*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*lĕqāḥāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - taken her",
"*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go",
"*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return",
"*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house",
"*pen*": "conjunction - lest",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he die",
"*ba-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the battle",
"*wĕ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a man",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - another/different",
"*yiqqāḥennāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - will take her"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/each",
"*ʾēraś*": "betrothed/engaged/pledged to marry",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife",
"*lĕqāḥāh*": "taken her/married her/received her",
"*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart",
"*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back",
"*yāmût*": "die/perish",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting",
"*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/different",
"*yiqqāḥennāh*": "take her/marry her/receive her"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.8",
"source": "וְיָסְפ֣וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְאָמְר֗וּ מִי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַיָּרֵא֙ וְרַ֣ךְ הַלֵּבָ֔ב יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֛ס אֶת־לְבַ֥ב אֶחָ֖יו כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *yāsĕpû* the-*šōṭĕrîm* to-*dabbēr* to-the-*ʿām* and-*ʾāmĕrû*: Who-is-the-*ʾîš* the-*yārēʾ* and-*raḵ* the-*lēḇāḇ*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô* and-not *yimmas* *ʾet*-*lĕḇaḇ* *ʾeḥāw* like-*liḇāḇô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wĕ-yāsĕpû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall continue",
"*haššōṭĕrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the officers",
"*lĕdabbēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to speak",
"*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people",
"*wĕ-ʾāmĕrû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall say",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man",
"*hayyārēʾ*": "definite article + adjective - the fearful",
"*wĕ-raḵ*": "conjunction + adjective - and faint",
"*hallēḇāḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the heart",
"*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go",
"*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return",
"*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house",
"*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yimmas*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him melt",
"*ʾet-lĕḇaḇ*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the heart of",
"*ʾeḥāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brothers",
"*ki-lḇāḇô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like his heart"
},
"variants": {
"*yāsĕpû*": "continue/add/proceed",
"*šōṭĕrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes",
"*dabbēr*": "speak/talk/address",
"*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation",
"*ʾāmĕrû*": "say/speak/tell",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/each",
"*yārēʾ*": "fearful/afraid/timid",
"*raḵ*": "tender/soft/faint/fainthearted",
"*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner being",
"*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart",
"*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back",
"*yimmas*": "melt/dissolve/discourage",
"*lĕḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/courage",
"*ʾeḥāw*": "his brothers/fellow soldiers/comrades",
"*liḇāḇô*": "his heart/his courage/his mind"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.9",
"source": "וְהָיָ֛ה כְּכַלֹּ֥ת הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וּפָ֥[t]קְד֛וּ שָׂרֵ֥י צְבָא֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃ ס",
"text": "And *hāyāh* when-*kallôt* the-*šōṭĕrîm* to-*dabbēr* to-the-*ʿām*, *û-pāqĕdû* *śārê* *ṣĕḇāʾôt* at-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*kĕ-kallôt*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - when finishing",
"*haššōṭĕrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the officers",
"*lĕdabbēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to speak",
"*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people",
"*û-pāqĕdû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - they shall appoint",
"*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders of",
"*ṣĕḇāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - armies",
"*bĕ-rōʾš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - at the head of",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass",
"*kallôt*": "finishing/completing/ending",
"*šōṭĕrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes",
"*dabbēr*": "speak/talk/address",
"*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation",
"*pāqĕdû*": "appoint/muster/assign",
"*śārê*": "commanders/chiefs/captains",
"*ṣĕḇāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/troops",
"*rōʾš*": "head/top/beginning"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.10",
"source": "כִּֽי־תִקְרַ֣ב אֶל־עִ֔יר לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יהָ וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֵלֶ֖יהָ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃",
"text": "When *tiqraḇ* to-*ʿîr* to-*hillāḥēm* against-it, *wĕ-qārāʾtā* to-it to-*šālôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - when/if",
"*tiqraḇ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you approach",
"*ʾel-ʿîr*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to a city",
"*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight",
"*ʿāleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it",
"*wĕ-qārāʾtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall call",
"*ʾēleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to it",
"*lĕ-šālôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for peace"
},
"variants": {
"*tiqraḇ*": "approach/draw near/come close",
"*ʿîr*": "city/town",
"*hillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/wage war",
"*qārāʾtā*": "call/proclaim/summon",
"*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/prosperity/safety"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.11",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ אִם־שָׁל֣וֹם תַּֽעַנְךָ֔ וּפָתְחָ֖ה לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצָא־בָ֗הּ יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֛ לָמַ֖ס וַעֲבָדֽוּךָ׃",
"text": "And *hāyāh* if-*šālôm* *taʿanḵā* *û-pātḥāh* to-you, and *hāyāh* all-the-*ʿām* the-*nimṣāʾ*-in-it *yihyû* to-you for-*mas* *wa-ʿăḇādûḵā*.",
"grammar": {
"*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*ʾim-šālôm*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - if peace",
"*taʿanḵā*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - it answers you",
"*û-pātḥāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it opens",
"*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*kol-hāʿām*": "construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - all the people",
"*hannimṣāʾ-ḇāh*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - the one found in it",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be",
"*lĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*lāmas*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for forced labor",
"*wa-ʿăḇādûḵā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they shall serve you"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass",
"*šālôm*": "peace/safety/prosperity",
"*taʿanḵā*": "answers you/responds to you",
"*pātḥāh*": "opens/unlocks/allows entry",
"*ʿām*": "people/population/inhabitants",
"*nimṣāʾ*": "found/present/existing",
"*yihyû*": "they will be/become/exist",
"*mas*": "forced labor/tributary service/compulsory work",
"*ʿăḇādûḵā*": "serve you/work for you/be subject to you"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.12",
"source": "וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַשְׁלִים֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְצַרְתָּ֖ עָלֶֽיהָ[t]׃",
"text": "And if-not *tašlîm* with-you, *wĕ-ʿāśĕtāh* with-you *milḥāmāh*, *wĕ-ṣartā* against-it.",
"grammar": {
"*wĕ-ʾim-lōʾ*": "conjunction + conjunction + negative particle - and if not",
"*tašlîm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it makes peace",
"*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you",
"*wĕ-ʿāśĕtāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it makes",
"*ʿimmĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you",
"*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war",
"*wĕ-ṣartā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall besiege",
"*ʿāleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it"
},
"variants": {
"*tašlîm*": "makes peace/comes to terms/surrenders",
"*ʿāśĕtāh*": "makes/conducts/engages in",
"*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/conflict",
"*ṣartā*": "besiege/lay siege/encircle"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.13",
"source": "וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־כָּל־זְכוּרָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And *nĕtānāh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* in-*yādeḵā*, *wĕ-hikkîtā* *ʾet*-all-*zĕḵûrāh* to-*pî*-*ḥāreḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*û-nĕtānāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and he will give it",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*bĕ-yādeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your hand",
"*wĕ-hikkîtā*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall strike",
"*ʾet-kol-zĕḵûrāh*": "direct object marker + construct + masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all its males",
"*lĕ-pî-ḥāreḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + feminine singular noun - by the edge of the sword"
},
"variants": {
"*nĕtānāh*": "gives/delivers/hands over",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/deity",
"*yādeḵā*": "your hand/power/control",
"*hikkîtā*": "strike/smite/attack",
"*zĕḵûrāh*": "its males/men/male population",
"*pî-ḥāreḇ*": "edge of the sword/blade/mouth of the sword"
}
}