13{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.13",
"source": "וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הָעָם֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן־הַבֹּ֖קֶר עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yəhî* from-*māḥŏrāt* *wə*-*yēšeb* *mōšeh* to-*šippōṭ* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* *wə*-*yaʿămōd* *hāʿām* upon-*mōšeh* from-*habbōqer* until-*hāʿāreb*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*yəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*māḥŏrāt*": "noun, feminine singular - the next day",
"*wə*-*yēšeb*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sat",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*šippōṭ*": "infinitive construct - to judge",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wə*-*yaʿămōd*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*habbōqer*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the morning",
"*hāʿāreb*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the evening"
},
"variants": {
"*šippōṭ*": "to judge/adjudicate/govern",
"*yaʿămōd* *ʿal*": "stood before/stood around/stood waiting for"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.14",
"source": "וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yarʾ* *ḥōtēn* *mōšeh* *ʾēt* all-which-he *ʿōśeh* to-*hāʿām* *wə*-*yōʾmer* what-*haddābār* *hazzeh* which you *ʿōśeh* to-*hāʿām* why you *yôšēb* to-*baddəḵā* and-all-*hāʿām* *niṣṣāb* upon-you from-*bōqer* until-*ʿāreb*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*yarʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*ḥōtēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father-in-law of",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿōśeh*": "participle, masculine singular - doing",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wə*-*yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the matter",
"*hazzeh*": "article with demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ʿōśeh*": "participle, masculine singular - doing",
"*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular - sitting",
"*baddəḵā*": "noun with preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - by yourself",
"*niṣṣāb*": "participle, masculine singular, niphal form - standing",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*ʿāreb*": "noun, masculine singular - evening"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōśeh*": "doing/performing/executing",
"*niṣṣāb*": "standing/positioned/stationed"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.15",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א אֵלַ֛י הָעָ֖ם לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yōʾmer* *mōšeh* to-*ḥōtenô* because-*yābōʾ* to-me *hāʿām* to-*dirōš* *ʾĕlōhîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ḥōtenô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father-in-law",
"*yābōʾ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he comes",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*dirōš*": "infinitive construct - to inquire of/seek",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God"
},
"variants": {
"*dirōš*": "to inquire of/seek/consult/search out"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.16",
"source": "כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֣ין רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "When-*yihyeh* to-them *dābār* *bāʾ* to-me *wə*-*šāpaṭtî* between *ʾîš* and-between *rēʿēhû* *wə*-*hôdaʿtî* *ʾet*-*ḥuqqê* *hāʾĕlōhîm* and-*ʾet*-*tôrōtāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - there is",
"*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - matter/case",
"*bāʾ*": "participle, masculine singular - coming",
"*wə*-*šāpaṭtî*": "conjunction with perfect, 1st singular - and I judge",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor",
"*wə*-*hôdaʿtî*": "conjunction with perfect, 1st singular, hiphil form - and I make known",
"*ḥuqqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - statutes of",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the God",
"*tôrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his laws"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "matter/case/dispute/issue",
"*šāpaṭtî*": "I judge/arbitrate/decide",
"*ḥuqqê*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances",
"*tôrōtāyw*": "his laws/teachings/instructions"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו לֹא־טוֹב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yōʾmer* *ḥōtēn* *mōšeh* to-him not-*ṭôb* *haddābār* which you *ʿōśeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ḥōtēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father-in-law of",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter",
"*ʿōśeh*": "participle, masculine singular - doing"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭôb*": "good/beneficial/proper"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.18",
"source": "נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֕ה גַּם־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּךָ֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃",
"text": "*nābōl* *tibbōl* also-you also-*hāʿām* *hazzeh* which with-you because-*kābēd* from-you *haddābār* not-*tûḵal* *ʿăśōhû* to-*baddəḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*nābōl* *tibbōl*": "infinitive absolute with imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will surely wear out",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*hazzeh*": "article with demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy",
"*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the matter",
"*tûḵal*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are able",
"*ʿăśōhû*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to do it",
"*baddəḵā*": "noun with preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - by yourself"
},
"variants": {
"*nābōl* *tibbōl*": "you will surely wear out/you will certainly become exhausted",
"*kābēd*": "heavy/weighty/burdensome/too difficult"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.19",
"source": "עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ וִיהִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּ֑ךְ הֱיֵ֧ה אַתָּ֣ה לָעָ֗ם מ֚וּל הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ אַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃",
"text": "Now *šəmaʿ* in-*qōlî* *ʾîʿāṣəḵā* *wîhî* *ʾĕlōhîm* with-you *hĕyēh* you to-*hāʿām* *mûl* *hāʾĕlōhîm* *wə*-*hēbēʾtā* you *ʾet*-*haddəbārîm* to-*hāʾĕlōhîm*",
"grammar": {
"*šəmaʿ*": "imperative, masculine singular - listen",
"*qōlî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my voice",
"*ʾîʿāṣəḵā*": "imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will advise you",
"*wîhî*": "conjunction with jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and may be",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*hĕyēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - be",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*mûl*": "preposition - before/opposite",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the God",
"*wə*-*hēbēʾtā*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil form - and you shall bring",
"*haddəbārîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the matters"
},
"variants": {
"*mûl*": "before/opposite/facing/representing",
"*hēbēʾtā*": "bring/present/report"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.20",
"source": "וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹ֑ת וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֗ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔הּ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֽׂוּן׃",
"text": "*wə*-*hizhartāh* *ʾethem* *ʾet*-*haḥuqqîm* and-*ʾet*-*hattôrōt* *wə*-*hôdaʿtā* to-them *ʾet*-*hadderekh* *yēləḵû* in-it and-*ʾet*-*hammaʿăśeh* which *yaʿăśûn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*hizhartāh*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil form - and you shall warn/teach",
"*ʾethem*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*haḥuqqîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the statutes",
"*hattôrōt*": "article with noun, feminine plural - the laws/instructions",
"*wə*-*hôdaʿtā*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil form - and you shall make known",
"*hadderekh*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the way",
"*yēləḵû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall walk",
"*hammaʿăśeh*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the work/deed",
"*yaʿăśûn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they shall do"
},
"variants": {
"*hizhartāh*": "warn/teach/instruct/caution",
"*hadderekh*": "the way/path/manner",
"*hammaʿăśeh*": "the work/deed/action"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.21",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל־הָ֠עָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֜יִל יִרְאֵ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י אֱמֶ֖ת שֹׂ֣נְאֵי בָ֑צַע וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵהֶ֗ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃",
"text": "And-you *teḥĕzeh* from-all-*hāʿām* *ʾanšê*-*ḥayil* *yirʾê* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾanšê* *ʾĕmet* *śōnəʾê* *bāṣaʿ* *wə*-*śamtā* over-them *śārê* *ʾălāpîm* *śārê* *mēʾôt* *śārê* *ḥămiššîm* and-*śārê* *ʿăśārōt*",
"grammar": {
"*teḥĕzeh*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall select/see",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine plural construct with noun - men of ability",
"*yirʾê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - fearers of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth",
"*śōnəʾê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - haters of",
"*bāṣaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - unjust gain",
"*wə*-*śamtā*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall set",
"*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of",
"*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands",
"*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds",
"*ḥămiššîm*": "numeral, common plural - fifties",
"*ʿăśārōt*": "noun, feminine plural - tens"
},
"variants": {
"*teḥĕzeh*": "select/provide/look out/see",
"*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "men of ability/capable men/men of valor",
"*bāṣaʿ*": "unjust gain/dishonest profit/covetousness"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Exodus.18.22",
"source": "וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃",
"text": "*wə*-*šāpəṭû* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* in-all-*ʿēt* *wə*-*hāyāh* all-*haddābār* *haggādōl* *yābîʾû* to-you and-all-*haddābār* *haqqāṭōn* *yišpəṭû*-they *wə*-*hāqēl* from-upon-you *wə*-*nāśəʾû* with-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə*-*šāpəṭû*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall judge",
"*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time",
"*wə*-*hāyāh*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the matter",
"*haggādōl*": "article with adjective, masculine singular - the great",
"*yābîʾû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, hiphil form - they shall bring",
"*haqqāṭōn*": "article with adjective, masculine singular - the small",
"*yišpəṭû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall judge",
"*wə*-*hāqēl*": "conjunction with imperative, masculine singular, hiphil form - and make it lighter",
"*wə*-*nāśəʾû*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall bear"
},
"variants": {
"*hāqēl*": "make lighter/ease/relieve",
"*nāśəʾû*": "they shall bear/carry/lift"
}
}