Exodus 7:20

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.7.20", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû*-so *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyārem* with-the-*maṭṭeh* and-*wayyak* *ʾet*-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* to-eyes-of *Parʿōh* and-to-eyes-of *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayyēhāḏḵû* all-the-*mayim* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* to-*ḏām*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*wayyārem*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he lifted up", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*wayyak*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they were turned", "*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*wayyārem*": "he lifted up/raised up/elevated", "*wayyak*": "he struck/hit/smote", "*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "they were turned/changed/transformed" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם

Transliteration

And-wayyaʿăśû-so Mōšeh and-ʾAhărōn just-as ṣiwwāh YHWH and-wayyārem with-the-maṭṭeh and-wayyak ʾet-the-mayim that in-the-yəʾōr to-eyes-of Parʿōh and-to-eyes-of ʿăḇāḏāyw and-wayyēhāḏḵû all-the-mayim that-in-the-yəʾōr to-ḏām

Grammar Details

• *wayyaʿăśû*: qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did
• *Mōšeh*: proper noun - Moses
• *ʾAhărōn*: proper noun - Aaron
• *ṣiwwāh*: piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the divine name
• *wayyārem*: hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he lifted up
• *maṭṭeh*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff
• *wayyak*: hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck
• *mayim*: masculine plural noun with definite article - the water
• *yəʾōr*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile
• *Parʿōh*: proper noun - Pharaoh
• *ʿăḇāḏāyw*: masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants
• *wayyēhāḏḵû*: niphal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they were turned
• *ḏām*: masculine singular noun - blood

Word Meanings

• *wayyārem*: he lifted up/raised up/elevated
• *wayyak*: he struck/hit/smote
• *wayyēhāḏḵû*: they were turned/changed/transformed

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Moses and Aaron did as the Lord had commanded. Aaron raised his staff and struck the water of the Nile in the sight of Pharaoh and his officials, and all the water in the river was turned into blood.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Moses{H4872} and Aaron{H175} did{H6213} so, as Jehovah{H3068} commanded;{H6680} and he lifted up{H7311} the rod,{H4294} and smote{H5221} the waters{H4325} that were in the river,{H2975} in the sight{H5869} of Pharaoh,{H6547} and in the sight{H5869} of his servants;{H5650} and all the waters{H4325} that were in the river{H2975} were turned{H2015} to blood.{H1818}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Moses{H4872} and Aaron{H175} did{H6213}{(H8799)} so, as the LORD{H3068} commanded{H6680}{(H8765)}; and he lifted up{H7311}{(H8686)} the rod{H4294}, and smote{H5221}{(H8686)} the waters{H4325} that were in the river{H2975}, in the sight{H5869} of Pharaoh{H6547}, and in the sight{H5869} of his servants{H5650}; and all the waters{H4325} that were in the river{H2975} were turned{H2015}{(H8735)} to blood{H1818}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And Moses and Aaron dyd euen as the Lorde commaunded. And he lifte vp the staffe and smote the waters that were in the riuer, in the syghte of Pharao and in the syghte of his servauntes, and all the water that was in the ryuer, turned in to bloude.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Moses & Aaron dyd as ye LORDE comaunded them, & lift vp the staff, & smote the water yt was in the ryuer, before Pharao & his seruauntes, & all the water in the ryuer was turned into bloude,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  So Moses and Aaron did euen as the Lord commaunded: and hee lift vp the rodde, and smote the water that was in the riuer in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his seruants: and all the water that was in the riuer, was turned into blood.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Moyses and Aaron did euen as the Lorde commaunded: and he lyfte vp the rodde, and smote the waters that were in the ryuer in the sight of Pharao, and in the sight of his seruauntes: and all the water that was in the ryuer, turned into blood.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that [were] in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that [were] in the river were turned to blood.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Moses and Aaron did so, as Yahweh commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Moses and Aaron do so, as Jehovah hath commanded, and he lifteth up `his hand' with the rod, and smiteth the waters which `are' in the River, before the eyes of Pharaoh, and before the eyes of his servants, and all the waters which `are' in the River are turned to blood,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as Jehovah commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Moses and Aaron did so, as Jehovah commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Moses and Aaron did as the Lord had said; and when his rod had been lifted up and stretched out over the waters of the Nile before the eyes of Pharaoh and his servants, all the water in the Nile was turned to blood;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Moses and Aaron did so, as Yahweh commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Moses and Aaron did so, just as the LORD had commanded. He raised the staff and struck the water that was in the Nile right before the eyes of Pharaoh and his servants, and all the water that was in the Nile was turned to blood.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 78:44 : 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.44", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams", "*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams", "*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink" }, "variants": { "*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals", "*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses", "*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink" } }
• Ps 105:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.29", "source": "הָפַ֣ךְ אֶת־מֵימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֝יָּ֗מֶת אֶת־דְּגָתָֽם׃", "text": "*hāpak* *ʾet*-*mēymēyhem* to-*dām* *wa-yyāmet* *ʾet*-*dəgātām*", "grammar": { "*hāpak*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he turned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mēymēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their waters", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*wa-yyāmet*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he killed", "*dəgātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their fish" }, "variants": { "*hāpak*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*mēymēyhem*": "their waters/fluids", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*wa-yyāmet*": "and he killed/caused to die", "*dəgātām*": "their fish/aquatic creatures" } }
• John 2:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "John.2.9", "source": "Ὡς δὲ ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος τὸ ὕδωρ οἶνον γεγενημένον, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει πόθεν ἐστίν: (οἱ δὲ διάκονοι ᾔδεισαν οἱ ἠντληκότες τὸ ὕδωρ·) φωνεῖ τὸν νυμφίον ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος,", "text": "When *de* *egeusato* the *architriklinos* the *hydōr* *oinon* *gegenēmenon*, and not *ēdei* *pothen* it is: (the *de* *diakonoi* *ēdeisan* the ones having *ēntlēkotes* the *hydōr*;) *phōnei* the *nymphion* the *architriklinos*,", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunctive particle - but/and/now", "*egeusato*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd singular - tasted", "*architriklinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - master of the feast/head steward", "*hydōr*": "accusative, neuter, singular - water", "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*gegenēmenon*": "perfect, passive, participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having become", "*ēdei*": "pluperfect, active, indicative, 3rd singular - he knew [with present meaning]", "*pothen*": "adverb - from where/whence", "*diakonoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - servants/attendants", "*ēdeisan*": "pluperfect, active, indicative, 3rd plural - they knew [with present meaning]", "*ēntlēkotes*": "perfect, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having drawn", "*phōnei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd singular - calls/summons", "*nymphion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bridegroom" }, "variants": { "*egeusato*": "tasted/sampled", "*gegenēmenon*": "having become/having been made/having been transformed", "*pothen*": "from where/whence/from what source", "*phōnei*": "calls/summons/addresses" } } 10 { "verseID": "John.2.10", "source": "Καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ, Πᾶς ἄνθρωπος πρῶτον τὸν καλὸν οἶνον τίθησιν· καὶ ὅταν μεθυσθῶσιν, τότε τὸν ἐλάσσω: σὺ τετήρηκας τὸν καλὸν οἶνον ἕως ἄρτι.", "text": "And *legei* to him, Every *anthrōpos* first the *kalon* *oinon* *tithēsin*; and when they *methysthōsin*, then the *elassō*: you *tetērēkas* the *kalon* *oinon* until *arti*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd singular - says/tells", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*kalon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - good/fine/choice", "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*tithēsin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd singular - puts/places/sets out", "*methysthōsin*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might become drunk", "*elassō*": "accusative, masculine, singular, comparative - lesser/inferior", "*tetērēkas*": "perfect, active, indicative, 2nd singular - you have kept/reserved", "*arti*": "adverb - now/until now" }, "variants": { "*kalon*": "good/fine/choice/excellent", "*tithēsin*": "puts/places/sets out/serves", "*methysthōsin*": "become drunk/drink freely/have drunk enough", "*elassō*": "lesser/inferior/cheaper/poorer", "*tetērēkas*": "have kept/have reserved/have saved" } } 11 { "verseID": "John.2.11", "source": "Ταύτην ἐποίησεν τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν Κανᾷ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ ἐφανέρωσεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "This *epoiēsen* the *archēn* of the *sēmeiōn* the *Iēsous* in *Kana* of the *Galilaia*, and *ephanerōsen* the *doxan* of him; and *episteusan* into him the *mathētai* of him.", "grammar": { "*epoiēsen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - did/made/performed", "*archēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - beginning/first", "*sēmeiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of signs/miracles", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Kana*": "dative, neuter, singular - place name (Cana)", "*Galilaia*": "genitive, feminine, singular - region name (Galilee)", "*ephanerōsen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - revealed/manifested", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor", "*episteusan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd plural - believed/trusted", "*mathētai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disciples/students" }, "variants": { "*archēn*": "beginning/first/start", "*sēmeiōn*": "signs/miracles/supernatural acts", "*ephanerōsen*": "revealed/manifested/showed", "*doxan*": "glory/splendor/honor", "*episteusan*": "believed/trusted/had faith in" } }
• Rev 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.8.8", "source": "Καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν, καὶ ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν: καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα·", "text": "And the second *angelos* *esalpisen*, and as *oros* *mega* *pyri* *kaiomenon* *eblēthē* into the *thalassan*: and *egeneto* the third of the *thalassēs* *haima*;", "grammar": { "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sounded the trumpet [completed action]", "*oros*": "nominative, neuter, singular - mountain", "*mega*": "nominative, neuter, singular - great/large", "*pyri*": "dative, neuter, singular - with fire", "*kaiomenon*": "present passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - being burned", "*eblēthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was thrown/cast", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - became", "*thalassēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the sea", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood" }, "variants": { "*angelos*": "angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "sounded the trumpet/blew the horn", "*oros*": "mountain/hill", "*mega*": "great/large/huge", "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*kaiomenon*": "burning/being on fire", "*eblēthē*": "was thrown/was cast/was hurled", "*thalassan*": "sea/large body of water", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/turned into", "*haima*": "blood/bloody substance" } }
• Exod 7:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.17", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּזֹ֣את תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַכֶּ֣ה ׀ בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ לְדָֽם", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* by-this *tēḏaʿ* that *ʾănî* *YHWH* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *makkeh* with-the-*maṭṭeh* that-in-*yāḏî* upon-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* and-*neheḏkû* to-*ḏām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*tēḏaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun (emphatic) - I", "*makkeh*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - striking", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*yāḏî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*neheḏkû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be turned", "*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*tēḏaʿ*": "you will know/recognize/understand", "*makkeh*": "striking/smiting/hitting", "*neheḏkû*": "they will be turned/transformed/changed" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.18", "source": "וְהַדָּגָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֛ר תָּמ֖וּת וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר", "text": "And-the-*dāḡāh* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* *tāmût* and-*ḇāʾaš* the-*yəʾōr* and-*nilʾû* *Miṣrayim* to-*lištôt* *mayim* from-the-*yəʾōr*", "grammar": { "*dāḡāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fish", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*tāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will die", "*ḇāʾaš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will stink", "*nilʾû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be weary", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water" }, "variants": { "*ḇāʾaš*": "will stink/be foul/become putrid", "*nilʾû*": "they will be weary/exhausted/unable" } }
• Exod 17:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה עֲבֹר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וְקַ֥ח אִתְּךָ֖ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַטְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכִּ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ אֶת־הַיְאֹ֔ר קַ֥ח בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְהָלָֽכְתָּ׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*mōsheh* *ʿăbōr* before the-*ʿām* and-*wəqaḥ* with-you from-*ziqnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and-*ûmaṭṭəkā* which *hikkîtā* with-it *ʾet*-the-*yəʾōr* *qaḥ* in-*yādəkā* and-*wəhālāktā*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿăbōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - pass/cross over", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*wəqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperative masculine singular - and take", "*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct - elders of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ûmaṭṭəkā*": "waw-consecutive + masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your staff", "*hikkîtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you struck", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*yādəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*wəhālāktā*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you will go" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*ʿăbōr*": "pass over/cross over/go ahead", "*wəqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*ziqnê*": "elders/old men/leaders", "*hikkîtā*": "struck/hit/beat", "*yəʾōr*": "river/Nile/stream", "*qaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*wəhālāktā*": "and you will go/walk/proceed" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.6", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י עֹמֵד֩ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ שָּׁ֥ם ׀ עַֽל־הַצּוּר֮ בְּחֹרֵב֒ וְהִכִּ֣יתָ בַצּ֗וּר וְיָצְא֥וּ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ מַ֖יִם וְשָׁתָ֣ה הָעָ֑ם וַיַּ֤עַשׂ כֵּן֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*Hinənî* *ʿōmēd* before-*pāneykā* there on-the-*tsûr* in-*ḥōrēb* and-*wəhikkîtā* on-the-*tsûr* and-*wəyātsəʾû* from-it *mayim* and-*wəshātāh* the-*ʿām* and-*wa-yaʿaś* so *mōsheh* before-*ʿênê* *ziqnê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*Hinənî*": "particle + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*ʿōmēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - standing", "*pāneykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence", "*tsûr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the rock", "*ḥōrēb*": "proper noun - Horeb", "*wəhikkîtā*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you will strike", "*wəyātsəʾû*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they will come out", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*wəshātāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it will drink", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*wa-yaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿênê*": "construct state, feminine dual - eyes of", "*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct - elders of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Hinənî*": "behold me/here I am/I am here", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned/waiting", "*pāneykā*": "your face/presence/before you", "*tsûr*": "rock/boulder/cliff", "*wəhikkîtā*": "and you will strike/hit/beat", "*wəyātsəʾû*": "and they will come out/go forth/emerge", "*wəshātāh*": "and he will drink/consume liquid", "*wa-yaʿaś*": "and he did/made/performed" } }
• Exod 17:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בְּחַר־לָ֣נוּ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְצֵ֖א הִלָּחֵ֣ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק מָחָ֗ר אָנֹכִ֤י נִצָּב֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וּמַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדִֽי׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *mōsheh* unto-*yəhôshûaʿ* *bəḥar*-for-us *ʾănāshîm* and-*wətsēʾ* *hillāḥēm* against-*ʿămālēq* *māḥār* *ʾānōkî* *nitstsāb* on-*rōʾsh* the-*gibʿāh* and-*maṭṭēh* the-*ʾělōhîm* in-*yādî*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bəḥar*": "qal imperative masculine singular - choose", "*ʾănāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*wətsēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperative masculine singular - and go out", "*hillāḥēm*": "niphal imperative masculine singular - fight", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*nitstsāb*": "niphal participle masculine singular - standing/positioned", "*rōʾsh*": "masculine singular construct - head/top of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the hill", "*maṭṭēh*": "masculine singular construct - staff of", "*ʾělōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God/gods", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*bəḥar*": "choose/select/pick", "*ʾănāshîm*": "men/males/people", "*wətsēʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*hillāḥēm*": "fight/do battle/wage war", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future", "*nitstsāb*": "standing/positioned/stationed", "*rōʾsh*": "head/top/summit", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height", "*maṭṭēh*": "staff/rod/stick", "*ʾělōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.10", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמַר־לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְח֔וּר עָל֖וּ רֹ֥אשׁ הַגִּבְעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wa-yaʿaś* *yəhôshûaʿ* as *ʾāmar*-to-him *mōsheh* to-*ləhillāḥēm* against-*ʿămālēq* and-*mōsheh* *ʾahărōn* and-*ḥûr* *ʿālû* *rōʾsh* the-*gibʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*yəhôshûaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ḥûr*": "proper noun - Hur", "*ʿālû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went up", "*rōʾsh*": "masculine singular construct - head/top of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the hill" }, "variants": { "*wa-yaʿaś*": "did/made/performed", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to do battle/to wage war", "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/climbed", "*rōʾsh*": "head/top/summit", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.11", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥ים מֹשֶׁ֛ה יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנִ֛יחַ יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֥ר עֲמָלֵֽק׃", "text": "And *wəhāyāh* when *yārîm* *mōsheh* *yādô* and-*wəgābar* *yiśrāʾēl* and-when *yānîaḥ* *yādô* and-*wəgābar* *ʿămālēq*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*yārîm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he raised/lifted up", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wəgābar*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it prevailed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yānîaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he let down/lowered", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyāh*": "it happened/came to pass/became", "*yārîm*": "raised/lifted up/elevated", "*wəgābar*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*yānîaḥ*": "let down/lowered/rested" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.17.12", "source": "וִידֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ כְּבֵדִ֔ים וַיִּקְחוּ־אֶ֛בֶן וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ תַחְתָּ֖יו וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב עָלֶ֑יהָ וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן וְח֜וּר תָּֽמְכ֣וּ בְיָדָ֗יו מִזֶּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וּמִזֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י יָדָ֛יו אֱמוּנָ֖ה עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "And-*wîdê* *mōsheh* *kəbēdîm* and-*wa-yiqḥû*-*ʾeben* and-*wa-yāśîmû* *taḥtāyw* and-*wa-yēsheb* upon-it and-*ʾahărōn* and-*ḥûr* *tāməkû* in-*yādāyw* from-this *ʾeḥād* and-from-this *ʾeḥād* and-*wa-yəhî* *yādāyw* *ʾĕmûnāh* until-*bōʾ* the-*shāmesh*.", "grammar": { "*wîdê*": "waw-conjunctive + dual construct - and hands of", "*mōsheh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kəbēdîm*": "masculine plural adjective - heavy", "*wa-yiqḥû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they took", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they put", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - under him", "*wa-yēsheb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ḥûr*": "proper noun - Hur", "*tāməkû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they supported", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular number - one", "*wa-yəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and they were", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "feminine singular noun - firmness/steadiness", "*bōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming/going in", "*shāmesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sun" }, "variants": { "*wîdê*": "hands/arms", "*kəbēdîm*": "heavy/weighty/difficult", "*wa-yiqḥû*": "took/selected/received", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "put/placed/set", "*taḥtāyw*": "under him/beneath him", "*wa-yēsheb*": "sat/seated himself/dwelled", "*tāməkû*": "supported/held up/sustained", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single/each", "*wa-yəhî*": "were/became/happened", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "firmness/steadiness/faithfulness", "*bōʾ*": "coming in/setting/entering", "*shāmesh*": "sun/sunshine" } }
• Num 20:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.8", "source": "קַ֣ח אֶת־הַמַּטֶּ֗ה וְהַקְהֵ֤ל אֶת־הָעֵדָה֙ אַתָּה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתֶּ֧ם אֶל־הַסֶּ֛לַע לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְנָתַ֣ן מֵימָ֑יו וְהוֹצֵאתָ֨ לָהֶ֥ם מַ֙יִם֙ מִן־הַסֶּ֔לַע וְהִשְׁקִיתָ֥ אֶת־הָעֵדָ֖ה וְאֶת־בְּעִירָֽם", "text": "*qaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*maṭṭeh* and-*haqhēl* *ʾet*-the-*ʿēdâ* *ʾattâ* and-*ʾahărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* and-*dibbarttem* to-the-*selaʿ* before-their-eyes and-*nātan* *mêmāyw* and-*hôṣēʾtā* for-them *mayim* from-the-*selaʿ* and-*hišqîtā* *ʾet*-the-*ʿēdâ* and-*ʾet*-*bəʿîrām*", "grammar": { "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the staff/rod", "*haqhēl*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - assemble", "*ʿēdâ*": "feminine singular with definite article - the congregation", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*dibbarttem*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall speak", "*selaʿ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the rock", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will give", "*mêmāyw*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its waters", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall bring out", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - water", "*hišqîtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give drink", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle" }, "variants": { "*maṭṭeh*": "staff/rod", "*haqhēl*": "assemble/gather", "*ʿēdâ*": "congregation/assembly", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "bring out/produce", "*hišqîtā*": "give drink/water", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/livestock" } } 9 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.9", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַמַּטֶּ֖ה מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּֽהוּ", "text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the-*maṭṭeh* from-before *yəhwâ* as *ṣiwwāhû*", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the staff/rod", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he commanded him" }, "variants": { "*maṭṭeh*": "staff/rod", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "commanded him/ordered him" } } 10 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.10", "source": "וַיַּקְהִ֜לוּ מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְאַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַקָּהָ֖ל אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַסָּ֑לַע וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ הַמֹּרִ֔ים הֲמִן־הַסֶּ֣לַע הַזֶּ֔ה נוֹצִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם מָֽיִם", "text": "And-*yaqhilû* *mōšeh* and-*ʾahărōn* *ʾet*-the-*qāhāl* to-before the-*sālaʿ* and-*yōʾmer* to-them *šimʿû*-*nāʾ* the-*mōrîm* shall-from-the-*selaʿ* the-*zeh* *nôṣîʾ* for-you *māyim*", "grammar": { "*yaqhilû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd plural - and they gathered", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*qāhāl*": "masculine singular with definite article - the assembly", "*sālaʿ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the rock", "*yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - hear", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*mōrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the rebels", "*selaʿ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the rock", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*nôṣîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st plural - shall we bring out", "*māyim*": "masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*yaqhilû*": "gathered/assembled", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation", "*sālaʿ*": "rock/cliff", "*šimʿû*-*nāʾ*": "hear now/listen please", "*mōrîm*": "rebels/rebellious ones", "*nôṣîʾ*": "bring out/produce" } } 11 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.11", "source": "וַיָּ֨רֶם מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־יָד֗וֹ וַיַּ֧ךְ אֶת־הַסֶּ֛לַע בְּמַטֵּ֖הוּ פַּעֲמָ֑יִם וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים וַתֵּ֥שְׁתְּ הָעֵדָ֖ה וּבְעִירָֽם", "text": "And-*yārem* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*yādô* and-*yak* *ʾet*-the-*selaʿ* with-*maṭṭēhû* *paʿămāyim* and-*yēṣəʾû* *mayim* *rabbîm* and-*tēšt* the-*ʿēdâ* and-*bəʿîrām*", "grammar": { "*yārem*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lifted up", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yādô*": "feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*yak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he struck", "*selaʿ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the rock", "*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*paʿămāyim*": "feminine dual - twice", "*yēṣəʾû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd plural - and came out", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - water", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural - abundant", "*tēšt*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and drank", "*ʿēdâ*": "feminine singular with definite article - the congregation", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle" }, "variants": { "*yārem*": "lifted up/raised", "*yak*": "struck/hit", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff", "*maṭṭēhû*": "his staff/his rod", "*paʿămāyim*": "twice/two times", "*mayim* *rabbîm*": "abundant waters/much water", "*tēšt*": "drank", "*ʿēdâ*": "congregation/assembly", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/livestock" } } 12 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ יַ֚עַן לֹא־הֶאֱמַנְתֶּ֣ם בִּ֔י לְהַ֨קְדִּישֵׁ֔נִי לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָכֵ֗ן לֹ֤א תָבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָהֶֽם", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *yəhwâ* to-*mōšeh* and-to-*ʾahărōn* *yaʿan* not-*heʾĕmantem* in-me *ləhaqdîšēnî* before-eyes *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* therefore not *tābîʾû* *ʾet*-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* which-*nātattî* to-them", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*heʾĕmantem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - you believed", "*ləhaqdîšēnî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with lamed + 1st singular suffix - to sanctify me", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*tābîʾû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will bring", "*qāhāl*": "masculine singular with definite article - the assembly", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I have given" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "because/since", "*heʾĕmantem*": "believed/trusted", "*ləhaqdîšēnî*": "to sanctify me/to treat me as holy", "*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites", "*tābîʾû*": "bring/lead", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country" } }