22{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.22",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ḇənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *ba-yyabbāšāh* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went",
"*ḇənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - into the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land",
"*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall",
"*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "into the midst of/through",
"*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground",
"*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier",
"*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.23",
"source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל ס֣וּס פַּרְעֹ֔ה רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֑יו אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyirdəphû* *Miṣrayim* *wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *kōl* *sûs* *Parʿōh* *riḵbô* *û-phārāšâw* *ʾel*-*tôḵ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyirdəphû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*sûs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horses of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*û-phārāšâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - into",
"*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyirdəphû*": "and they pursued/and they chased",
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered",
"*kōl sûs Parʿōh*": "all Pharaoh's horses",
"*riḵbô û-phārāšâw*": "his chariots and his horsemen",
"*ʾel-tôḵ*": "into the midst of/into"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.24",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּשְׁקֵ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ וְעָנָ֑ן וַיָּ֕הָם אֵ֖ת מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yəhî* *bə-ʾašmōreṯ* *ha-bōqer* *wa-yyašqēph* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *bə-ʿammûd* *ʾēš* *wə-ʿānān* *wa-yyāhom* *ʾēṯ* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*bə-ʾašmōreṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the watch of",
"*ha-bōqer*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the morning",
"*wa-yyašqēph*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he looked down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - upon",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*bə-ʿammûd*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the pillar of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and cloud",
"*wa-yyāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he confused",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened",
"*bə-ʾašmōreṯ ha-bōqer*": "in the morning watch",
"*wa-yyašqēph*": "and he looked down/and he gazed/and he observed",
"*bə-ʿammûd ʾēš wə-ʿānān*": "in the pillar of fire and cloud",
"*wa-yyāhom*": "and he confused/and he troubled/and he threw into panic"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.25",
"source": "וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yyāsar* *ʾēṯ* *ʾōphan* *markəḇōṯâw* *wa-yənahăḡēhû* *bi-ḵəḇēduṯ* *wa-yyōʾmer* *Miṣrayim* *ʾānûsāh* *mi-ppənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *YHWH* *nilḥām* *lāhem* *bə-Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāsar*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾōphan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wheel of",
"*markəḇōṯâw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and drove it",
"*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with heaviness/difficulty",
"*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʾānûsāh*": "Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me flee",
"*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - from before",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*nilḥām*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - fighting",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāsar*": "and he removed/and he took off",
"*ʾōphan markəḇōṯâw*": "the wheel of his chariots/the wheels of his chariots",
"*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "and drove it/and he led it",
"*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "with heaviness/with difficulty/clumsily",
"*ʾānûsāh*": "let me flee/I will flee",
"*nilḥām*": "fighting/is fighting",
"*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.26",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עַל־הַיָּ֑ם וְיָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְעַל־פָּרָשָֽׁיו",
"text": "*wa-yyōmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *nəṭēh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādəḵā* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wə-yāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *ʿal*-*Miṣrayim* *ʿal*-*riḵbô* *wə-ʿal*-*pārāšâw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will return",
"*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon",
"*pārāšâw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his horsemen"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "and they will return/and they will come back",
"*ʿal-Miṣrayim*": "upon Egypt/upon the Egyptians",
"*ʿal-riḵbô*": "upon his chariots/over his chariots"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.27",
"source": "וַיֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜וֹ עַל־הַיָּ֗ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב הַיָּ֜ם לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֙קֶר֙ לְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם נָסִ֣ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyāšoḇ* *ha-yām* *li-phnôṯ* *bōqer* *lə-ʾêṯānô* *û-Miṣrayim* *nāsîm* *li-qrāʾṯô* *wa-yənaʿēr* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it returned",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*li-phnôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - at the turning of",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its strength",
"*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Egypt/Egyptians",
"*nāsîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - fleeing",
"*li-qrāʾṯô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet it",
"*wa-yənaʿēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shook off",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended",
"*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "and it returned/and it came back",
"*li-phnôṯ bōqer*": "at the turning of morning/at daybreak",
"*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "to its strength/to its normal state/to its place",
"*nāsîm*": "fleeing/running",
"*li-qrāʾṯô*": "to meet it/toward it",
"*wa-yənaʿēr*": "and he shook off/and he overthrew/and he tossed"
}
}
28{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.28",
"source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד",
"text": "*wa-yyāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *wa-yəḵassû* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-reḵeḇ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ha-ppārāšîm* *lə-ḵōl* *ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *ha-bbāʾîm* *ʾaḥărêhem* *ba-yyām* *lōʾ*-*nišʾar* *bāhem* *ʿad*-*ʾeḥād*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters",
"*wa-yəḵassû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they covered",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hā-reḵeḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the chariots",
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ha-ppārāšîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the horsemen",
"*lə-ḵōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for all",
"*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - army of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ha-bbāʾîm*": "article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones coming",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*ba-yyām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the sea",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - among them",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - even",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "and they returned/and they came back",
"*wa-yəḵassû*": "and they covered/and they overwhelmed",
"*hā-reḵeḇ*": "the chariots/the chariotry",
"*ha-bbāʾîm*": "who came/who had come/who were coming",
"*lōʾ-nišʾar*": "there remained not/there was not left",
"*ʿad-ʾeḥād*": "even one/so much as one"
}
}
29{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.29",
"source": "וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיָּ֑ם וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם",
"text": "*û-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hāləḵû* *ḇa-yyabbāšāh* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*",
"grammar": {
"*û-ḇnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hāləḵû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they walked/went",
"*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall",
"*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left"
},
"variants": {
"*hāləḵû*": "they walked/they went",
"*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "in the midst of/through",
"*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier",
"*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side"
}
}
30{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.30",
"source": "וַיּ֨וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיַּ֤רְא יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ֖ת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ba-yyôm* *ha-hûʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mi-yyad* *Miṣrāyim* *wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mēṯ* *ʿal*-*śəphaṯ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saved",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - on the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "article + pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mi-yyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*mēṯ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dead",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*śəphaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shore of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "and he saved/and he delivered",
"*ba-yyôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day",
"*mi-yyad*": "from the hand of/from the power of",
"*mēṯ*": "dead/dying (collective singular form)"
}
}
31{
"verseID": "Exodus.14.31",
"source": "וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ",
"text": "*wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yyād* *ha-ggədōlāh* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* *bə-Miṣrayim* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *hā-ʿām* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wa-yyaʾămînû* *ba-YHWH* *û-ḇə-Mōšeh* *ʿaḇdô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-yyād*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the hand",
"*ha-ggədōlāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the great",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - did/performed",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they feared",
"*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they believed",
"*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun, divine name - in Yahweh/LORD",
"*û-ḇə-Mōšeh*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Moses",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-yyād ha-ggədōlāh*": "the great hand/the mighty power",
"*ʿāśāh*": "did/performed/worked",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they feared/and they were in awe of",
"*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "and they believed/and they trusted",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his minister"
}
}