12 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.12",
"source": "וְגַ֤ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם לִהְי֣וֹת לְא֔וֹת בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃",
"text": "And-also *ʾet*-*šabbĕtôtay* *nātattî* to-them *lihyôt* for-*ʾôt* between-me and-between-them, *lādaʿat* that I *YHWH* *mĕqaddĕšām*.",
"grammar": {
"*šabbĕtôtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths",
"*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave",
"*lihyôt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to be",
"*ʾôt*": "noun, feminine singular - sign",
"*bênî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - between me",
"*ûbênêhem*": "conjunction with preposition and 3rd masculine plural suffix - and between them",
"*lādaʿat*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to know",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*mĕqaddĕšām*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sanctifying them"
},
"variants": {
"*šabbĕtôtay*": "my sabbaths/my rest days",
"*ʾôt*": "sign/token/marker",
"*lādaʿat*": "to know/so they would know",
"*mĕqaddĕšām*": "sanctifying them/setting them apart/consecrating them"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.13",
"source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֨י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֨י לֹא־הָלָ֜כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלְּל֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ חֲמָתִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לְכַלּוֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me *bêt*-*yiśrāʾēl* in-the-*midbār*: in-*ḥuqqôtay* not-*hālākû* and-*ʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *māʾāsû*, which *yaʿăśeh* *ʾōtām* the-*ʾādām* and-*wāḥay* in-them, and-*ʾet*-*šabbĕtōtay* *ḥillĕlû* greatly; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them in-the-*midbār* *lĕkallôtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - wilderness",
"*ḥuqqôtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes",
"*hālākû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they walked",
"*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my ordinances/judgments",
"*māʾāsû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they rejected",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*wāḥay*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will live",
"*šabbĕtōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths",
"*ḥillĕlû*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd plural - they profaned",
"*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said",
"*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out",
"*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath",
"*lĕkallôtām*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to destroy them"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they defied",
"*hālākû*": "they walked/they followed/they obeyed",
"*māʾāsû*": "they rejected/they spurned/they despised",
"*ḥillĕlû*": "they profaned/they defiled/they desecrated",
"*lĕkallôtām*": "to destroy them/to exterminate them/to finish them off"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.14",
"source": "וָאֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵאתִ֖ים לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wāʾeʿĕśeh* for-sake-of *šĕmî*, *lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl* before-eyes-of the-*gôyim* which *hôṣēʾtîm* before-*ʿênêhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wāʾeʿĕśeh*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I acted",
"*šĕmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my name",
"*lĕbiltî*": "preposition with negative particle - so as not to",
"*hēḥēl*": "verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be profaned/defiled",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - nations",
"*hôṣēʾtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I brought them out",
"*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*wāʾeʿĕśeh* *lĕmaʿan* *šĕmî*": "and I acted for the sake of my name (idiom for protecting reputation)",
"*lĕbiltî* *hēḥēl*": "so as not to be profaned/so it would not be defiled",
"*hôṣēʾtîm* *lĕʿênêhem*": "I brought them out before their eyes/in their sight"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.15",
"source": "וְגַם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְבִלְתִּי֩ הָבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜ם אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֗תִּי זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת",
"text": "And also *ʾănî* *nāśāʾtî* *yādî* to them in the *midbar*, to not *hābîʾ* them to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî*, *zābat ḥālāb* and *dəbaš*, *ṣəbî* *hîʾ* to all the *ʾărāṣôt*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-*": "conjunction, connective - and",
"*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I",
"*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness",
"*ləbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not, so as not to",
"*hābîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʾel-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that",
"*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I gave",
"*zābat*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with",
"*ḥālāb*": "noun, masculine singular - milk",
"*û-dəbaš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and honey",
"*ṣəbî*": "noun, masculine singular - glory, beauty",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it (is)",
"*lə-kāl-hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + construct noun + definite article + noun, feminine plural - to all the lands"
},
"variants": {
"*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)",
"*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land",
"*zābat ḥālāb û-dəbaš*": "flowing with milk and honey (idiom for fertile land)",
"*ṣəbî*": "glory, beauty, ornament, gazelle"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.16",
"source": "יַ֜עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַי֙ לֹא־הָלְכ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ כִּ֛י אַחֲרֵ֥י גִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם לִבָּ֥ם הֹלֵֽךְ",
"text": "*yaʿan* in my *mišpāṭay* they *māʾāsû* and my *ḥuqqôtay* they not *hālĕkû* in them, and my *šabbĕtôtay* they *ḥillēlû*, because after their *gillûlêhem* their *libbām* *hōlēk*",
"grammar": {
"*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because, since",
"*bə-mišpāṭay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my judgments/ordinances",
"*māʾāsû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they rejected/despised",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ḥuqqôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hālĕkû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they walked",
"*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*šabbĕtôtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths",
"*ḥillēlû*": "Piel perfect 3rd person plural - they profaned/desecrated",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because, for",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*gillûlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their idols",
"*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart",
"*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going"
},
"variants": {
"*mišpāṭay*": "judgments, ordinances, legal decisions",
"*māʾāsû*": "rejected, despised, refused",
"*ḥuqqôtay*": "statutes, decrees, prescribed laws",
"*hālĕkû*": "walked, followed, lived according to",
"*šabbĕtôtay*": "my sabbaths, my rest days",
"*ḥillēlû*": "profaned, desecrated, violated",
"*gillûlêhem*": "their idols, their dung-gods (derogatory term)"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.17",
"source": "וַתָּ֧חָס עֵינִ֛י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִֽשַּׁחֲתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־עָשִׂ֧יתִי אוֹתָ֛ם כָּלָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר",
"text": "And *tāḥās* my *ʿênî* upon them from *šaḥătām* and not *ʿāśîtî* them *kālāh* in the *midbar*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-*": "conjunction, consecutive - and, so",
"*tāḥās*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it showed mercy/spared",
"*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eye",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*mi-šaḥătām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from destroying them",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ʿāśîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I made/did",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them",
"*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - complete destruction",
"*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*tāḥās ʿênî*": "my eye spared (idiom for showing mercy)",
"*mi-šaḥătām*": "from destroying them, from their destruction",
"*kālāh*": "complete destruction, annihilation, end",
"*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.20.18",
"source": "וָאֹמַ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּחוּקֵּ֤י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אַל־תֵּלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּטַּמָּֽאוּ",
"text": "And *ʾōmar* to their *bənêhem* in the *midbar*, in the *ḥûqqê* of your *ʾăbôtêkem* not *tēlēkû*, and their *mišpəṭêhem* not *tišmōrû*, and with their *gillûlêhem* not *tiṭṭammāʾû*",
"grammar": {
"*wā-*": "conjunction, consecutive - and, so",
"*ʾōmar*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I said",
"*ʾel-bənêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to their children/sons",
"*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness",
"*bə-ḥûqqê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in the statutes of",
"*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not",
"*tēlēkû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall walk",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*mišpəṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their judgments",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not",
"*tišmōrû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall keep/observe",
"*û-bə-gillûlêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and with their idols",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle (for commands) - do not",
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥûqqê*": "statutes, decrees, prescribed laws",
"*tēlēkû*": "walk, follow, live according to",
"*mišpəṭêhem*": "their judgments, ordinances, legal decisions",
"*tišmōrû*": "keep, observe, guard",
"*gillûlêhem*": "their idols, their dung-gods (derogatory term)",
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "defile yourselves, make yourselves unclean"
}
}