Isaiah 1:8

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.1.8", "source": "וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת־צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה׃", "text": "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ* *bat*-*ṣîyôn* *kᵉsukkâ* *bᵉkārem* *kimlûnâ* *bᵉmiqšâ* *kᵉ'îr* *nᵉṣûrâ*", "grammar": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and is left", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣîyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*kᵉsukkâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a booth/hut", "*bᵉkārem*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - in a vineyard", "*kimlûnâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a lodge/shelter", "*bᵉmiqšâ*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - in a cucumber field", "*kᵉ'îr*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a city", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "niphal passive participle, feminine singular - besieged" }, "variants": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "is left/remains/survives", "*bat*-*ṣîyôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem", "*sukkâ*": "booth/hut/shelter/temporary structure", "*mlûnâ*": "lodge/shelter/watchman's hut", "*miqšâ*": "cucumber field/garden of cucumbers", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "besieged/under siege/watched/guarded" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת־צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה׃

Transliteration

wᵉnôtᵉrâ bat-ṣîyôn kᵉsukkâ bᵉkārem kimlûnâ bᵉmiqšâ kᵉ'îr nᵉṣûrâ

Grammar Details

• *wᵉnôtᵉrâ*: conjunction wə- + verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and is left
• *bat*: noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of
• *ṣîyôn*: proper noun - Zion
• *kᵉsukkâ*: preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a booth/hut
• *bᵉkārem*: preposition bᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - in a vineyard
• *kimlûnâ*: preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a lodge/shelter
• *bᵉmiqšâ*: preposition bᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - in a cucumber field
• *kᵉ'îr*: preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a city
• *nᵉṣûrâ*: niphal passive participle, feminine singular - besieged

Word Meanings

• *wᵉnôtᵉrâ*: is left/remains/survives
• *bat*-*ṣîyôn*: daughter of Zion/Jerusalem
• *sukkâ*: booth/hut/shelter/temporary structure
• *mlûnâ*: lodge/shelter/watchman's hut
• *miqšâ*: cucumber field/garden of cucumbers
• *nᵉṣûrâ*: besieged/under siege/watched/guarded

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a cucumber field, like a besieged city.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the daughter{H1323} of Zion{H6726} is left{H3498} as a booth{H5521} in a vineyard,{H3754} as a lodge{H4412} in a garden of cucumbers,{H4750} as a besieged{H5341} city.{H5892}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the daughter{H1323} of Zion{H6726} is left{H3498}{(H8738)} as a cottage{H5521} in a vineyard{H3754}, as a lodge{H4412} in a garden of cucumbers{H4750}, as a besieged{H5341}{(H8803)} city{H5892}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Morouer ye doughter of Syon is left alone like a cotage in a vynyearde, like a watchouse in tyme of warre, like a beseged citie.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the daughter of Zion shall remaine like a cotage in a vineyarde, like a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, and like a besieged citie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the daughter of Sion shalbe left as a cotage in a vineyarde, lyke a lodge in a garden of Cucumbers, lyke a besieged citie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, Like a hut in a field of melons, Like a besieged city.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And left hath been the daughter of Zion, As a booth in a vineyard, As a lodge in a place of cucumbers -- as a city besieged.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a booth in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the daughter of Zion is left as a booth in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the daughter of Zion has become like a tent in a vine-garden, like a watchman's house in a field of fruit, like a town shut in by armies.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a field of melons, like a besieged city.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Daughter Zion is left isolated, like a hut in a vineyard, or a shelter in a cucumber field; she is a besieged city.

Referenced Verses

• Zech 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.9", "source": "גִּילִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד בַּת־צִיּ֗וֹן הָרִ֙יעִי֙ בַּ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה מַלְכֵּךְ֙ יָ֣בוֹא לָ֔ךְ צַדִּ֥יק וְנוֹשָׁ֖ע ה֑וּא עָנִי֙ וְרֹכֵ֣ב עַל־חֲמ֔וֹר וְעַל־עַ֖יִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*gîlî* very *baṯ*-*ṣiyyôn* *hārîʿî* *baṯ* *yərûšālaim* *hinnēh* *malkēḵ* *yāḇôʾ* to-you *ṣaddîq* *wə*-*nôšāʿ* he *ʿānî* *wə*-*rōḵēḇ* upon-*ḥămôr* *wə*-upon-*ʿayir* *ben*-*ʾăṯōnôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*gîlî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - rejoice", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/greatly", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hārîʿî*": "verb, hiphil imperative, feminine singular - shout aloud", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - daughter of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*malkēḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your king", "*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will come", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - to you", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine, singular - righteous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nôšāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - saved/having salvation", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - poor/afflicted/humble", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rōḵēḇ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - riding", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ḥămôr*": "noun, masculine, singular - donkey/ass", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʿayir*": "noun, masculine, singular - young male donkey/colt", "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - son of", "*ʾăṯōnôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - female donkeys" }, "variants": { "*gîlî*": "rejoice/be happy/exult", "*hārîʿî*": "shout aloud/shout for joy/raise a war cry", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*nôšāʿ*": "saved/having salvation/victorious", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble/lowly", "*ʿayir*": "young male donkey/colt/foal", "*ben*-*ʾăṯōnôṯ*": "son of female donkeys/offspring of she-asses/colt of a donkey" } }
• Zech 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Zechariah.2.10", "source": "ה֣וֹי ה֗וֹי וְנֻ֛סוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ צָפ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֠י כְּאַרְבַּ֞ע רוּח֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם פֵּרַ֥שְׂתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Hôy* *hôy* and *wənusû* from *ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* for like *kəʾarbaʿ* *rûḥôt* *haššāmayim* *pēraśtî* *ʾetḵem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - ho/alas/woe", "*wənusû*": "conjunction + imperative masculine plural Qal of *nûs* - and flee", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun masculine singular - north", "*nəʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*kəʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + numeral feminine - like four", "*rûḥôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - winds of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun masculine dual - the heavens", "*pēraśtî*": "1st person singular perfect Piel of *pāraś* - I have spread", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "ho/alas/woe/ah", "*nûs*": "flee/escape", "*rûḥôt*": "winds/directions/spirits", "*pēraśtî*": "I have spread/scattered/dispersed" } }
• John 12:15 : 15 { "verseID": "John.12.15", "source": "Μὴ φοβοῦ, θύγατερ Σιών: ἰδού, ὁ Βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεται, καθήμενος ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου.", "text": "Not *phobou*, *thygater* *Siōn*: *idou*, the *Basileus* of you *erchetai*, *kathēmenos* upon *pōlon* *onou*.", "grammar": { "*phobou*": "present middle imperative, 2nd singular - fear", "*thygater*": "vocative, feminine, singular - daughter", "*Siōn*": "genitive, feminine, singular - Zion", "*idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*erchetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - comes/is coming", "*kathēmenos*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - sitting", "*pōlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - colt/young animal", "*onou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - donkey/ass" }, "variants": { "*phobou*": "fear/be afraid", "*thygater*": "daughter/female inhabitant", "*Siōn*": "Zion/Jerusalem", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*Basileus*": "King/Sovereign", "*erchetai*": "comes/is coming/approaches", "*kathēmenos*": "sitting/being seated", "*pōlon*": "colt/young animal/foal", "*onou*": "donkey/ass" } }
• Isa 10:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.32", "source": "עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד יְנֹפֵף יָדוֹ הַר בַּת־צִיּוֹן גִּבְעַת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "*ʿôd* *hayyôm* *benōb* *laʿămōd* *yenōp̄ēp̄* *yādô* *har* *bat*-*ṣiyyôn* *gibʿat* *yerûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*benōb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Nob", "*laʿămōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*yenōp̄ēp̄*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shakes/waves", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*gibʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hill of", "*yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "stand/remain/endure", "*nûp̄*": "wave/shake/brandish", "*har*": "mountain/hill/hill country", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height/elevation" } }
• Job 27:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Job.27.18", "source": "בָּנָ֣ה כָעָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑וֹ וּ֝כְסֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר׃", "text": "*bānâ* *ḵāʿāš* *bêṯô* *û-ḵəsukkâ* *ʿāśâ* *nōṣēr*", "grammar": { "*bānâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he builds", "*ḵāʿāš*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like the moth", "*bêṯô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*û-ḵəsukkâ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular - and like a booth", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he makes", "*nōṣēr*": "Qal participle masculine singular - a watchman/keeper" }, "variants": { "*bānâ*": "build/construct", "*ʿāš*": "moth", "*bayiṯ*": "house/dwelling", "*sukkâ*": "booth/hut/shelter", "*ʿāśâ*": "do/make/produce", "*nāṣar*": "watch/guard/keep" } }
• Isa 62:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.62.11", "source": "הִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הִשְׁמִ֙יעַ֙ אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ אִמְרוּ֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִנֵּ֥ה יִשְׁעֵ֖ךְ בָּ֑א הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרוֹ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹ לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "Behold *YHWH* *hišmîaʿ* to-*qᵉṣēh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾimrû* to-*baṯ*-*ṣiyyôn* behold *yišʿēḵ* *bāʾ* behold *śᵉḵārô* with-him and-*pᵉʿullāṯô* before-him", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*hišmîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has caused to hear/proclaimed", "*qᵉṣēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ʾimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - say", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun, feminine - Zion", "*yišʿēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your salvation", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*śᵉḵārô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his reward", "*pᵉʿullāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his recompense/work" }, "variants": { "*hišmîaʿ*": "has caused to hear/has proclaimed/has announced", "*qᵉṣēh*": "end/extremity/edge", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*ʾimrû*": "say/tell/speak", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "daughter of Zion/Zion's people", "*yišʿēḵ*": "your salvation/your deliverance/your victory", "*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/approaching", "*śᵉḵārô*": "his reward/his wage/his payment", "*pᵉʿullāṯô*": "his recompense/his work/his deed" } }
• Isa 37:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.37.22", "source": "זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "This the-*dābār ʾăšer*-*dibber YHWH* concerning-him: *bāzâ* to-you, *lāʿăgâ* to-you *bətûlat bat*-*ṣiyyôn*, after-you *rōʾš hēnîʿâ bat yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the covenant name of God", "*bāzâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she despised", "*lāʿăgâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she mocked", "*bətûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*hēnîʿâ*": "verb, hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she shook", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper name - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared", "*bāzâ*": "despised/scorned/held in contempt", "*lāʿăgâ*": "mocked/ridiculed/laughed at", "*bətûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*bat*": "daughter/young woman", "*rōʾš*": "head/top", "*hēnîʿâ*": "shook/wagged/tossed" } }
• Luke 19:43-44 : 43 { "verseID": "Luke.19.43", "source": "Ὅτι ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ περιβαλοῦσιν οἱ ἐχθροί σου χάρακά σοι, καὶ περικυκλώσουσίν σε, καὶ συνέξουσίν σε πάντοθεν,", "text": "For will come *hēmerai* upon you, and will *peribalousin* the *echthroi* of you *charaka* for you, and will *perikyklōsousin* you, and will *synexousin* you *pantothen*,", "grammar": { "*hēmerai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - days", "*peribalousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will cast around", "*echthroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - enemies", "*charaka*": "accusative, masculine, singular - palisade/barricade", "*perikyklōsousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will surround", "*synexousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will press hard", "*pantothen*": "adverb - from all sides" }, "variants": { "*hēmerai*": "days/times", "*peribalousin*": "will cast around/build/construct", "*echthroi*": "enemies/foes", "*charaka*": "palisade/barricade/rampart", "*perikyklōsousin*": "will surround/encircle completely", "*synexousin*": "will press hard/hem in/constrain", "*pantothen*": "from all sides/on every side" } } 44 { "verseID": "Luke.19.44", "source": "Καὶ ἐδαφιοῦσίν σε, καὶ τὰ τέκνα σου ἐν σοί· καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσουσιν ἐν σοί λίθον ἐπὶ λίθῳ· ἀνθʼ ὧν οὐκ ἔγνως τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς σου.", "text": "And they will *edaphiousin* you, and the *tekna* of you in you; and not they will *aphēsousin* in you *lithon* upon *lithō*; because of which not you *egnōs* the *kairon* of the *episkopēs* of you.", "grammar": { "*edaphiousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will dash to the ground", "*tekna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*aphēsousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will leave", "*lithon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - stone", "*lithō*": "dative, masculine, singular - stone", "*egnōs*": "aorist active, 2nd person singular - knew", "*kairon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - time/season", "*episkopēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - visitation" }, "variants": { "*edaphiousin*": "will dash to the ground/level/raze", "*tekna*": "children/descendants/inhabitants", "*aphēsousin*": "will leave/allow/permit", "*kairon*": "time/season/opportune moment", "*episkopēs*": "visitation/inspection/looking upon" } }
• Jer 4:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.17", "source": "כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣י שָׂדַ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּי־אֹתִ֥י מָרָ֖תָה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Like *šōmərê* *śāday* they *hāyû* against her from *sābîb*; for me *mārātāh*, *nəʾum*-*Yhwh*", "grammar": { "*šōmərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*śāday*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were/became", "*sābîb*": "masculine singular noun/adverb - around/surrounding", "*mārātāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she rebelled against", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*šōmərê*": "keepers/watchers/guards", "*śāday*": "field/countryside/open land", "*hāyû*": "were/became/came to be", "*sābîb*": "around/surrounding/on every side", "*mārātāh*": "rebelled against/defied/was rebellious toward", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
• Lam 2:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.1", "source": "אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "How *yāʿîb* in-*ʾap* his *ʾăḏōnāy* *ʾeṯ*-daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *hišlîḵ* from-*šāmayim* to-*ʾereṣ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* and-not-*zāḵar* footstool-*raḡlāyw* in-day *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*ʾēîḵâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yāʿîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has darkened/clouded", "*bəʾappô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his anger", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*hišlîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast down", "*miššāmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heaven", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/beauty of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəlōʾ-zāḵar*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has not remembered", "*hăḏōm-raḡlāyw*": "construct chain + 3rd masculine singular suffix - footstool of his feet", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*yāʿîb*": "darken/bring darkness/cover with clouds/make gloomy", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign", "*hišlîḵ*": "cast down/throw down/fling down", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "beauty/glory/splendor/ornament", "*zāḵar*": "remember/recall/call to mind", "*hăḏōm*": "footstool/supporting platform" } }
• Lam 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.6", "source": "וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayaḥmōs* like-*gan* *śukkô* *šiḥēṯ* *môʿăḏô* *šikkaḥ* *YHWH* in-*ṣiyyôn* *môʿēḏ* and-*šabbāṯ* and-*wayyinʾaṣ* in-*zaʿam*-*ʾappô* *meleḵ* and-*ḵōhēn*", "grammar": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has violently taken away", "*kaggan*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like a garden", "*śukkô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his booth/tabernacle", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*môʿăḏô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his appointed place/meeting place", "*šikkaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has caused to forget", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival", "*wəšabbāṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and Sabbath", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has spurned", "*bəzaʿam-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in the indignation of his anger", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wəḵōhēn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and priest" }, "variants": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "violently take away/treat violently/do violence to", "*gan*": "garden/enclosure", "*śukkô*": "booth/pavilion/tabernacle/shelter", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*môʿăḏô*": "appointed place/meeting place/assembly place", "*šikkaḥ*": "cause to forget/make forget", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/appointed place/festival/assembly", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "spurn/reject/despise/treat with contempt", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/rage/fury" } }
• Ps 9:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.9.14", "source": "חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי יְהוָ֗ה רְאֵ֣ה עָ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י מְ֝רוֹמְמִ֗י מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃", "text": "*Ḥānan* me, *YHWH*; *rā'â* my *'ŏnî* from those who *śānē'* me; *rûm* me from the *ša'ar* of *māwet*", "grammar": { "*ḥānan*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'be gracious to me'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*rā'â*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'see/look at'", "*'ŏnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my affliction'", "*śānē'*": "qal participle masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'those who hate me'", "*rûm*": "polel participle masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'the one who lifts me up'", "*ša'ar*": "masculine plural construct - 'gates of'", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - 'death'" }, "variants": { "*ḥānan*": "be gracious/show favor/have mercy", "*rā'â*": "see/observe/regard/consider", "*'ŏnî*": "affliction/misery/poverty/suffering", "*śānē'*": "hate/detest/reject/be hostile to", "*rûm*": "lift up/raise/exalt", "*ša'ar*": "gates/entrances/doorways", "*māwet*": "death/dying/realm of death" } }
• Isa 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.4.4", "source": "אִ֣ם ׀ רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣ת בְּנוֹת־צִיּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽר׃", "text": "When *rāḥaṣ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾēt* *ṣōʾat* *benōt*-*ṣiyyōn* and *ʾet*-*demēy* *Yerūšalaim* he will *yādiaḥ* from *qirbāh* by *rūaḥ* *mišpāṭ* and by *rūaḥ* *bāʿēr*.", "grammar": { "*rāḥaṣ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he washes/cleanses", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - filth/excrement of", "*benōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*ṣiyyōn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*demēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - blood of", "*Yerūšalaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yādiaḥ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will rinse/wash away", "*qirbāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her midst", "*rūaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment", "*bāʿēr*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - burning/purging" }, "variants": { "*rāḥaṣ*": "wash/cleanse/rinse", "*ṣōʾat*": "filth/excrement/impurity", "*yādiaḥ*": "rinse away/wash away/cleanse", "*rūaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*bāʿēr*": "burning/consuming/purging" } }
• Isa 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.8", "source": "וְחָלַ֤ף בִּֽיהוּדָה֙ שָׁטַ֣ף וְעָבַ֔ר עַד־צַוָּ֖אר יַגִּ֑יעַ וְהָיָה֙ מֻטּ֣וֹת כְּנָפָ֔יו מְלֹ֥א רֹֽחַב־אַרְצְךָ֖ עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ḥālap* in-*yəhûdāh* *šāṭap* and-*ʿābar* until-*ṣawwāʾr* *yaggîaʿ* and-*hāyāh* *muṭṭôt* *kənāpāyw* *məlōʾ* *rōḥab*-*ʾarṣəkā* *ʿimmānû ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥālap*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will sweep/rush", "*bîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - into Judah", "*šāṭap*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will overflow/flood", "*ʿābar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will pass over", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "noun masculine singular - neck", "*yaggîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will reach", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*muṭṭôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - spreading of", "*kənāpāyw*": "noun feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wings", "*məlōʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*rōḥab*": "noun masculine singular construct - breadth/width of", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your land", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "proper noun compound - Immanuel/God with us" }, "variants": { "*ḥālap*": "sweep through/rush through/pass through", "*šāṭap*": "overflow/flood/inundate", "*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross/go through", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "neck (metaphor for severity of invasion)", "*muṭṭôt kənāpāyw*": "stretching out of his wings/spreading of his wings", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "Immanuel/God with us (can be read as a name or a statement)" } }