16 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.16",
"source": "הֲל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖ינוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִֽיל׃",
"text": "*Hălôʾ* *negeḏ* *ʿênênû* *ʾōḵel* *niḵrāṯ* *mibbêṯ* *ʾĕlōhênû* *śimḥāh* *wā*-*gîl*",
"grammar": {
"*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not",
"*negeḏ*": "preposition - before",
"*ʿênênû*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our eyes",
"*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food",
"*niḵrāṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off",
"*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our God",
"*śimḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - joy",
"*wā*": "conjunction - and",
"*gîl*": "noun, masculine singular - gladness"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/meal",
"*niḵrāṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld",
"*śimḥāh*": "joy/happiness/pleasure",
"*gîl*": "gladness/rejoicing/exultation"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.17",
"source": "עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻד֗וֹת תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָר֔וֹת נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻר֑וֹת כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן׃",
"text": "*ʿāḇšû* *p̄əruḏôṯ* *taḥaṯ* *meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem* *nāšammû* *ʾōṣārôṯ* *nehersû* *mamməḡurôṯ* *kî* *hôḇîš* *dāḡān*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they rot, shrivel",
"*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - seeds, grains",
"*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - beneath, under",
"*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their clods",
"*nāšammû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate",
"*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - storehouses",
"*nehersû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are broken down",
"*mamməḡurôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - barns, granaries",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up",
"*dāḡān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāḇšû*": "they rot/shrivel/decay",
"*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "seeds/grains/separated things",
"*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "their clods/their shovels/their lumps of soil",
"*nāšammû*": "they are desolate/they are laid waste",
"*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "storehouses/treasuries/repositories",
"*nehersû*": "they are broken down/they are demolished",
"*mamməḡurôṯ*": "barns/granaries/storehouses",
"*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed",
"*dāḡān*": "grain/corn/wheat"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.18",
"source": "מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃",
"text": "*Mah*-*nneʾenḥāh* *ḇəhēmāh* *nāḇōḵû* *ʿeḏrê* *ḇāqār* *kî* *ʾên* *mirʿeh* *lāhem* *gam*-*ʿeḏrê* *haṣṣōʾn* *neʾšāmû*",
"grammar": {
"*Mah*": "interrogative - how",
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - groans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cattle, beasts",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are confused, wander",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - herds of",
"*ḇāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - cattle, oxen",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - flocks of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sheep",
"*neʾšāmû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate, suffer punishment"
},
"variants": {
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "groans/sighs/moans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "cattle/beasts/animals",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "are confused/wander/are perplexed",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "herds of/flocks of",
"*ḇāqār*": "cattle/oxen/bovine animals",
"*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land",
"*neʾšāmû*": "they are desolate/they suffer punishment/they bear guilt"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.19",
"source": "אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃",
"text": "*ʾÊlêḵā* *YHWH* *ʾeqrāʾ* *kî* *ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *miḏbār* *wə*-*lehāḇāh* *lihăṭāh* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾÊlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾeqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I call, I cry out",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of",
"*miḏbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*lehāḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - flame",
"*lihăṭāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has scorched",
"*kāl*": "construct state - all of",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I call/I cry out/I call upon",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated land",
"*lehāḇāh*": "flame/blaze",
"*lihăṭāh*": "has scorched/has set ablaze/has burned",
"*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of"
}
}