Isaiah 17:11

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.17.11", "source": "בְּי֤וֹם נִטְעֵךְ֙ תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִי וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר זַרְעֵ֣ךְ תַּפְרִ֑יחִי נֵ֥ד קָצִ֛יר בְּי֥וֹם נַחֲלָ֖ה וּכְאֵ֥ב אָנֽוּשׁ׃", "text": "In-*yôm* *niṭʿēḵ* *təśagśēgî* *û-ḇabbōqer* *zarʿēḵ* *tap̄rîḥî* *nēḏ* *qāṣîr* in-*yôm* *naḥălāh* *û-ḵəʾēḇ* *ʾānûš*", "grammar": { "In-*yôm*": "preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*niṭʿēḵ*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your planting", "*təśagśēgî*": "verb, Pilpel imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will make grow/flourish", "*û-ḇabbōqer*": "conjunction + preposition בְּ + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and in the morning", "*zarʿēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your seed/planting", "*tap̄rîḥî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will cause to blossom", "*nēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heap of", "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest", "in-*yôm*": "preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*naḥălāh*": "noun, feminine singular - sickness/grief/inheritance", "*û-ḵəʾēḇ*": "conjunction + preposition כְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - and like pain of", "*ʾānûš*": "adjective, masculine singular - desperate/incurable" }, "variants": { "*təśagśēgî*": "make grow/flourish/hedge about", "*tap̄rîḥî*": "cause to blossom/sprout/flourish", "*nēḏ*": "heap/pile", "*naḥălāh*": "sickness/grief/inheritance/possession", "*ʾānûš*": "desperate/incurable/severe/grievous" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בְּי֤וֹם נִטְעֵךְ֙ תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִי וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר זַרְעֵ֣ךְ תַּפְרִ֑יחִי נֵ֥ד קָצִ֛יר בְּי֥וֹם נַחֲלָ֖ה וּכְאֵ֥ב אָנֽוּשׁ׃

Transliteration

In-yôm niṭʿēḵ təśagśēgî û-ḇabbōqer zarʿēḵ tap̄rîḥî nēḏ qāṣîr in-yôm naḥălāh û-ḵəʾēḇ ʾānûš

Grammar Details

• In-*yôm*: preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of
• *niṭʿēḵ*: verb, Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your planting
• *təśagśēgî*: verb, Pilpel imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will make grow/flourish
• *û-ḇabbōqer*: conjunction + preposition בְּ + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and in the morning
• *zarʿēḵ*: noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your seed/planting
• *tap̄rîḥî*: verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will cause to blossom
• *nēḏ*: noun, masculine singular construct - heap of
• *qāṣîr*: noun, masculine singular - harvest
• in-*yôm*: preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of
• *naḥălāh*: noun, feminine singular - sickness/grief/inheritance
• *û-ḵəʾēḇ*: conjunction + preposition כְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - and like pain of
• *ʾānûš*: adjective, masculine singular - desperate/incurable

Word Meanings

• *təśagśēgî*: make grow/flourish/hedge about
• *tap̄rîḥî*: cause to blossom/sprout/flourish
• *nēḏ*: heap/pile
• *naḥălāh*: sickness/grief/inheritance/possession
• *ʾānûš*: desperate/incurable/severe/grievous

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Though on the day you plant them you make them grow, and in the morning you make your seed blossom, yet the harvest will be a heap on the day of grief and incurable pain.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  In the day you shall make your plant to grow, and in the morning you shall make your seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and desperate sorrow.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  In the day{H3117} of thy planting{H5194} thou hedgest{H7735} it in, and in the morning{H1242} thou makest thy seed{H2233} to blossom;{H6524} but the harvest{H7105} fleeth away{H5067} in the day{H3117} of grief{H2470} and of desperate{H605} sorrow.{H3511}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  In the day{H3117} shalt thou make thy plant{H5194} to grow{H7735}{(H8770)}, and in the morning{H1242} shalt thou make thy seed{H2233} to flourish{H6524}{(H8686)}: but the harvest{H7105} shall be a heap{H5067} in the day{H3117} of grief{H2470}{(H8737)} and of desperate{H605}{(H8803)} sorrow{H3511}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  In the daye when thou diddest plante it, it was greate, and gaue soone the frute of thi sede: But in the daye of haruest, thou shalt reape an heape of sorowes & miseries.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  In the day shalt thou make thy plant to growe, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seede to florish: but the haruest shall be gone in the day of possession, and there shalbe desperate sorrowe.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  In that day shalt thou make thy plant to growe, and early in the mornyng shalt thou make thy seede to florishe: The haruest shalbe gone in the day of inheritaunce, and there shalbe sorowe without hope of comfort.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: [but] the harvest [shall be] a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  In the day of your planting you hedge it in, and in the morning you make your seed to blossom; but the harvest flees away in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  In the day thy plant thou causest to become great, And in the morning thy seed makest to flourish, A heap `is' the harvest in a day of overflowing, And of mortal pain.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In the day of thy planting thou hedgest it in, and in the morning thou makest thy seed to blossom; but the harvest fleeth away in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In the day of thy planting thou hedgest it in, and in the morning thou makest thy seed to blossom; but the harvest fleeth away in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  In the day of your planting you were watching its growth, and in the morning your seed was flowering: but its fruit is wasted away in the day of grief and bitter sorrow.

• World English Bible (2000)

  In the day of your planting, you hedge it in. In the morning, you make your seed blossom, but the harvest flees away in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The day you begin cultivating, you do what you can to make it grow; the morning you begin planting, you do what you can to make it sprout. Yet the harvest will disappear in the day of disease and incurable pain.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 8:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.7", "source": "כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְסוּפָ֣תָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ קָמָ֣ה אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ צֶ֚מַח בְּלִ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂה־קֶּ֔מַח אוּלַ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה זָרִ֖ים יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "For *rûaḥ* they *yizrāʿû* and *sûp̄āṯāh* they *yiqṣōrû*; *qāmāh* *ʾên*-to him; *ṣemaḥ* without *yaʿăśeh*-*qemaḥ*; perhaps *yaʿăśeh*, strangers *yiḇlāʿuhû*.", "grammar": { "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - wind/spirit", "*yizrāʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they sow", "*sûp̄āṯāh*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - whirlwind/storm", "*yiqṣōrû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will reap", "*qāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - standing grain", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ṣemaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - sprout/growth", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will produce/make", "*qemaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - flour/meal", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will produce/make", "*yiḇlāʿuhû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they will swallow it" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*yizrāʿû*": "they sow/plant/scatter seed", "*sûp̄āṯāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest", "*yiqṣōrû*": "they will reap/harvest", "*qāmāh*": "standing grain/stalk", "*ṣemaḥ*": "sprout/growth/shoot", "*yaʿăśeh*": "it will produce/make/yield", "*qemaḥ*": "flour/meal", "*yiḇlāʿuhû*": "they will swallow it/devour it/consume it" } }
• Job 4:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Job.4.8", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתִי חֹ֣רְשֵׁי אָ֑וֶן וְזֹרְעֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל יִקְצְרֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "As *kaʾăšer* *rāʾîtî* *ḥōrəšê* *ʾāwen* and *wə-zōrəʿê* *ʿāmāl* *yiqṣərūhû*", "grammar": { "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/like/according to", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I have seen", "*ḥōrəšê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - plowers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/trouble/sorrow", "*wə-zōrəʿê*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - and sowers of", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - trouble/toil/mischief", "*yiqṣərūhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they reap it" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtî*": "to see/observe/perceive", "*ḥōrəšê*": "plowers/craftsmen/devisers", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/trouble/sorrow/wickedness", "*zōrəʿê*": "sowers/planters/scatterers", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/toil/labor/mischief", "*yiqṣərūhû*": "to reap/harvest/cut" } }
• Ps 90:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.90.6", "source": "בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ וְחָלָ֑ף לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "In *boqer* *yāṣîṣ* *wĕḥālāp̄*; for *ʿereḇ* *yĕmôlēl* *wĕyāḇēš*.", "grammar": { "*babboqer*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the morning", "*yāṣîṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sprouts/blooms/flourishes", "*wĕḥālāp̄*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and passes away/changes", "*lāʿereḇ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - for/toward the evening", "*yĕmôlēl*": "polal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is cut down/withers", "*wĕyāḇēš*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and dries/withers" }, "variants": { "*yāṣîṣ*": "sprouts/blooms/flourishes", "*ḥālāp̄*": "passes away/grows/changes/renews", "*ʿereḇ*": "evening/sunset/dusk", "*yĕmôlēl*": "is cut down/withers/fades", "*yāḇēš*": "dries up/withers/becomes dry" } }
• Isa 18:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.18.5", "source": "כִּי־לִפְנֵי קָצִיר כְּתָם־פֶּרַח וּבֹסֶר גֹּמֵל יִהְיֶה נִצָּה וְכָרַת הַזַּלְזַלִּים בַּמַּזְמֵרוֹת וְאֶת־הַנְּטִישׁוֹת הֵסִיר הֵתַז", "text": "For-before *qāṣîr* when-*tām*-*peraḥ* and-*bōser* *gōmēl* *yihyeh* *niṣṣāh* and-*kārat* the-*zalzallîm* with-the-*mazmərrôt* and-*ʾet*-the-*nəṭîšôt* *hēsîr* *hētaz*", "grammar": { "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine, singular - harvest", "*tām*": "verb, infinitive construct - completing/perfecting", "*peraḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - blossom/flower", "*bōser*": "noun, masculine, singular - unripe/sour grape", "*gōmēl*": "verb, participle, masculine, singular - ripening/becoming", "*yihyeh*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine, singular - he/it will be", "*niṣṣāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - blossom/flower", "*kārat*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine, singular - he cut off", "*zalzallîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - shoots/branches", "*mazmərrôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - pruning hooks/knives", "*nəṭîšôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - tendrils/branches", "*hēsîr*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine, singular - he removed/took away", "*hētaz*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine, singular - he cut off/severed" }, "variants": { "*tām*": "completion/perfection/ending", "*peraḥ*": "blossom/flower/bloom", "*bōser*": "unripe grape/sour grape", "*gōmēl*": "ripening/becoming/developing", "*niṣṣāh*": "blossom/flower/sprout", "*zalzallîm*": "shoots/branches/tendrils", "*mazmərrôt*": "pruning hooks/pruning knives", "*nəṭîšôt*": "tendrils/branches/shoots", "*hēsîr*": "removed/took away/turned aside", "*hētaz*": "cut off/severed/cut down" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.18.6", "source": "יֵעָזְבוּ יַחְדָּו לְעֵיט הָרִים וּלְבֶהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ וְקָץ עָלָיו הָעַיִט וְכָל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָף", "text": "*Yēʿāzəbû* *yaḥdāw* to-*ʿêyṭ* the-*hārîm* and-to-*behemat* the-*hāʾāreṣ* and-*qāṣ* upon-him the-*hāʿayiṭ* and-all-*behemat* the-*hāʾāreṣ* upon-him *teḥĕrāp*", "grammar": { "*Yēʿāzəbû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine, plural - they will be left/abandoned", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/alike", "*ʿêyṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - bird of prey", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains", "*behemat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - beast of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*qāṣ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine, singular - he/it summers/spends summer", "*hāʿayiṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the bird of prey", "*teḥĕrāp*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd feminine, singular - she/it will winter" }, "variants": { "*Yēʿāzəbû*": "they will be left/abandoned/forsaken", "*ʿêyṭ*": "bird of prey/vulture/eagle", "*qāṣ*": "to summer/spend the summer season upon", "*teḥĕrāp*": "will winter/will spend the cold season/will overwinter" } }
• Isa 65:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.13", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה עֲבָדַ֤י ׀ יֹאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאַתֶּ֣ם תִּרְעָ֔בוּ הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יִשְׁתּ֖וּ וְאַתֶּ֣ם תִּצְמָ֑אוּ הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יִשְׂמָ֖חוּ וְאַתֶּ֥ם תֵּבֹֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "therefore thus-*ʾamar* *ʾAdonay* *YHWH* *hinneh* *ʿavaday* *yoʾkhelu* and-*ʾattem* *tirʿavu* *hinneh* *ʿavaday* *yishtu* and-*ʾattem* *titsmaʾu* *hinneh* *ʿavaday* *yismahu* and-*ʾattem* *tevoshu*", "grammar": { "*ʾamar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʾAdonay*": "proper noun - Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hinneh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʿavaday*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my servants", "*yoʾkhelu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will eat", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*tirʿavu*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will hunger", "*yishtu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will drink", "*titsmaʾu*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will thirst", "*yismahu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rejoice", "*tevoshu*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be ashamed" }, "variants": { "*ʾamar*": "he said/he spoke/he declared", "*hinneh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿavaday*": "my servants/my slaves/my workers", "*yoʾkhelu*": "they will eat/they will consume/they will partake of food", "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*tirʿavu*": "you will hunger/you will be hungry/you will starve", "*yishtu*": "they will drink/they will consume liquid", "*titsmaʾu*": "you will thirst/you will be thirsty", "*yismahu*": "they will rejoice/they will be glad/they will be happy", "*tevoshu*": "you will be ashamed/you will be disgraced/you will be humiliated" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.14", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יָרֹ֖נּוּ מִטּ֣וּב לֵ֑ב וְאַתֶּ֤ם תִּצְעֲקוּ֙ מִכְּאֵ֣ב לֵ֔ב וּמִשֵּׁ֥בֶר ר֖וּחַ תְּיֵלִֽילוּ׃", "text": "*hinneh* *ʿavaday* *yaronnu* from-*tuv* *lev* and-*ʾattem* *titsʿaqu* from-*keʾev* *lev* and-from-*shever* *ruah* *teyelilu*", "grammar": { "*hinneh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʿavaday*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my servants", "*yaronnu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will sing", "*tuv*": "masculine singular construct - goodness of", "*lev*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*titsʿaqu*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will cry out", "*keʾev*": "masculine singular construct - pain of", "*lev*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*shever*": "masculine singular construct - breaking of", "*ruah*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*teyelilu*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will howl/wail" }, "variants": { "*hinneh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿavaday*": "my servants/my slaves/my workers", "*yaronnu*": "they will sing/they will shout for joy/they will cry aloud", "*tuv*": "goodness/gladness/happiness", "*lev*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*titsʿaqu*": "you will cry out/you will shout/you will scream", "*keʾev*": "pain/sorrow/anguish", "*lev*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*shever*": "breaking/fracture/crushing", "*ruah*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*teyelilu*": "you will wail/you will howl/you will lament" } }
• Jer 5:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.31", "source": "הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים נִבְּא֣וּ־בַשֶּׁ֗קֶר וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ יִרְדּ֣וּ עַל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמִּ֖י אָ֣הֲבוּ כֵ֑ן וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃", "text": "The *nəbî'îm* *nibbə'û*-in the *šeqer*, and the *kōhănîm* *yirdû* upon-their *yədêhem*, and my *'ammî* *'āhăbû* thus; and what-you will *ta'ăśû* for its *'aḥărîtāh*?", "grammar": { "*ha*": "article - the", "*nəbî'îm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibbə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they prophesied", "*ba*": "preposition + article - in the", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "article - the", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*yirdû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they rule", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/according to", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'ammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*'āhăbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they loved", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*ta'ăśû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will do", "*lə*": "preposition - for/to", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end" }, "variants": { "*nibbə'û-baššeqer*": "they prophesied falsely/prophesied lies", "*yirdû 'al-yədêhem*": "they rule at their direction/rule by their authority", "*'āhăbû kēn*": "loved it so/preferred it that way", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "its end/outcome/aftermath" } }
• Hos 9:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.1", "source": "אַל־תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל־גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן׃", "text": "Not *tiśmaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* to *gîl* like-the-*ʿammîm* because *zānîtā* from-upon *ʾĕlōhêkā*; *ʾāhabtā* *ʾetnān* upon all-*gornôt* of-*dāgān*.", "grammar": { "*tiśmaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with negative particle - 'do not rejoice'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, vocative - 'Israel' (addressed)", "*gîl*": "infinitive construct - 'rejoicing/joy'", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'peoples/nations'", "*zānîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you committed fornication/were unfaithful'", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your God'", "*ʾāhabtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you loved'", "*ʾetnān*": "noun - 'payment/hire (for prostitution)'", "*gornôt*": "plural construct form of *gōren* - 'threshing floors of'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain/corn'" }, "variants": { "*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/exultation", "*zānîtā*": "you committed prostitution/were unfaithful/played the harlot", "*ʾetnān*": "payment for prostitution/hire/wages of prostitution", "*gornôt*": "threshing floors/granaries", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat" } } 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.2", "source": "גֹּ֥רֶן וָיֶ֖קֶב לֹ֣א יִרְעֵ֑ם וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יְכַ֥חֶשׁ בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*Gōren* and-*yeqeb* not *yirʿēm* and-*tîrôš* *yekaḥēš* in-her.", "grammar": { "*Gōren*": "masculine singular noun - 'threshing floor'", "*yeqeb*": "masculine singular noun - 'wine vat/winepress'", "*yirʿēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural object suffix - 'will feed them'", "*tîrôš*": "masculine singular noun - 'new wine/must'", "*yekaḥēš*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will deceive/fail'", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'in her'" }, "variants": { "*Gōren*": "threshing floor/granary", "*yeqeb*": "wine vat/winepress/wine-trough", "*yirʿēm*": "will feed them/will shepherd them/will provide for them", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/must/fresh grape juice", "*yekaḥēš*": "will deceive/will fail/will disappoint" } } 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.3", "source": "לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Not *yēšbû* in-*ʾereṣ* *YHWH* and-*šāb* *ʾeprayim* *miṣrayim* and-in-*ʾaššûr* *ṭāmēʾ* *yōʾkēlû*.", "grammar": { "*yēšbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will dwell/remain'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'returned/will return'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - 'Assyria'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'unclean/defiled'", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will eat'" }, "variants": { "*yēšbû*": "they will dwell/they will remain/they will inhabit", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*šāb*": "returned/will return/turned back", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/defiled/impure food", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they will eat/they will consume" } } 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.4", "source": "לֹא־יִסְּכ֨וּ לַיהוָ֥ה ׀ יַיִן֮ וְלֹ֣א יֶֽעֶרְבוּ־לוֹ֒ זִבְחֵיהֶ֗ם כְּלֶ֤חֶם אוֹנִים֙ לָהֶ֔ם כָּל־אֹכְלָ֖יו יִטַמָּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־לַחְמָ֣ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Not-*yissekû* to-*YHWH* *yayin* and-not *yeʿerbû*-to-him, *zibḥêhem* like-*leḥem* *ʾônîm* to-them, all-*ʾōkelāyw* *yiṭṭammāʾû* because-*laḥmām* for-*napšām* not *yābôʾ* *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*yissekû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will pour out/offer'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - 'wine'", "*yeʿerbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be pleasing'", "*zibḥêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sacrifices'", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular construct - 'bread of'", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'mourners'", "*ʾōkelāyw*": "qal participle masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'its eaters'", "*yiṭṭammāʾû*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be defiled'", "*laḥmām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their bread'", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their soul/appetite'", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it will come/enter'", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - 'house of'" }, "variants": { "*yissekû*": "they will pour out/they will offer libations", "*yeʿerbû*": "they will be pleasing/they will be acceptable", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices/their offerings", "*leḥem*": "bread/food", "*ʾônîm*": "mourners/mourning/those in grief", "*yiṭṭammāʾû*": "they will be defiled/they will become unclean", "*laḥmām*": "their bread/their food", "*napšām*": "their soul/their appetite/themselves", "*yābôʾ*": "it will come/it will enter/it will be brought" } }
• Hos 9:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.16", "source": "הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י *בלי־**בַֽל־יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם׃", "text": "*Hukkāh* *ʾeprayim*, *šoršām* *yābēš*, *perî* not-*yaʿăśûn*; even if *yēlēdûn*, and-*hēmattî* *maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*.", "grammar": { "*Hukkāh*": "hofal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'was smitten/struck'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*šoršām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their root'", "*yābēš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is dried up'", "*perî*": "masculine singular noun - 'fruit'", "*yaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they will yield/produce'", "*yēlēdûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they give birth'", "*hēmattî*": "hifil perfect 1st singular - 'I will kill'", "*maḥămaddê*": "masculine plural construct - 'desired ones of'", "*biṭnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their womb/body'" }, "variants": { "*Hukkāh*": "was smitten/was struck/is blighted", "*šoršām* *yābēš*": "their root is dried up/their root is withered", "*perî* *yaʿăśûn*": "they will yield fruit/they will produce fruit", "*yēlēdûn*": "they give birth/they bear children", "*hēmattî*": "I will kill/I will slay/I will put to death", "*maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*": "desired ones of their womb/beloved offspring/precious children" } }
• Hos 10:12-15 : 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.12", "source": "זִרְע֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לִצְדָקָה֙ קִצְר֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֔סֶד נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְעֵת֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־יָב֕וֹא וְיֹרֶ֥ה צֶ֖דֶק לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Zirʿû* to yourselves to *ṣədāqāh*, *qiṣrû* according to *pî*-*ḥesed*, *nîrû* to yourselves *nîr*, and it is time *lidrôš ʾet*-*YHWH*, until he *yābôʾ* and *yōreh ṣedeq* to you.", "grammar": { "*Zirʿû*": "verb, Qal, imperative, masculine, plural - sow", "*ṣədāqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*qiṣrû*": "verb, Qal, imperative, masculine, plural - reap", "*pî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - mouth/measure", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine, singular - lovingkindness/mercy", "*nîrû*": "verb, Qal, imperative, masculine, plural - break up/till", "*nîr*": "noun, masculine, singular - unplowed ground/fallow ground", "*lidrôš*": "preposition + verb, Qal, infinitive construct - to seek", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yābôʾ*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will come", "*yōreh*": "verb, Hiphil, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will rain/teach", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine, singular - righteousness" }, "variants": { "*pî*": "mouth/measure/according to", "*yōreh*": "rain down/teach/shoot" } } 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.13", "source": "חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־רֶ֛שַׁע עַוְלָ֥תָה קְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם פְּרִי־כָ֑חַשׁ כִּֽי־בָטַ֥חְתָּ בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ בְּרֹ֥ב גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "You have *ḥăraštem*-*rešaʿ*, *ʿawlātāh* you have *qəṣartem*, you have *ʾăkaltem pərî*-*kāḥaš*; for you have *bāṭaḥtā* in your *darkəkā*, in the multitude of your *gibbôreykā*.", "grammar": { "*ḥăraštem*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - you have plowed", "*rešaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular - wickedness", "*ʿawlātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - injustice/iniquity", "*qəṣartem*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - you have reaped", "*ʾăkaltem*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - you have eaten", "*pərî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - fruit of", "*kāḥaš*": "noun, masculine, singular - falsehood/lies", "*bāṭaḥtā*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - you have trusted", "*darkəkā*": "noun, feminine, singular with 2nd person, masculine, singular suffix - your way", "*gibbôreykā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2nd person, masculine, singular suffix - your mighty men/warriors" }, "variants": { "*ḥăraštem*": "you have plowed/you have devised" } } 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.14", "source": "וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל־מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה׃", "text": "And *wəqāʾm šāʾôn* among your *ʿammekā*, and all your *mibṣāreykā yûššad* like *šōd Šalman bêt ʾArbēʾl* in *yôm milḥāmāh*; mother upon children *ruṭṭāšāh*.", "grammar": { "*wəqāʾm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - and will arise", "*šāʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - tumult/uproar", "*ʿammekā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2nd person, masculine, singular suffix - your people", "*mibṣāreykā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2nd person, masculine, singular suffix - your fortresses", "*yûššad*": "verb, Hophal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - will be destroyed/ruined", "*šōd*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - destruction of", "*Šalman*": "proper noun - Shalman", "*bêt ʾArbēʾl*": "proper noun - Beth Arbel", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - day of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - battle", "*ruṭṭāšāh*": "verb, Pual, perfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - was dashed in pieces" }, "variants": { "*Šalman*": "Shalman (possibly Shalmaneser)", "*ruṭṭāšāh*": "was dashed in pieces/was smashed" } } 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.15", "source": "כָּ֗כָה עָשָׂ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֖י רָעַ֣ת רָֽעַתְכֶ֑ם בַּשַּׁ֕חַר נִדְמֹ֥ה נִדְמָ֖ה מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "Thus *ʿāśāh* to you *bêt*-*ʾēl* because of *rāʿat rāʿatkem*; in the *šaḥar nidmōh nidmāh melek Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he has done", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - house of", "*ʾēl*": "proper noun - El/God", "*rāʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - evil of", "*rāʿatkem*": "noun, feminine, singular with 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your evil", "*šaḥar*": "noun, masculine, singular - dawn", "*nidmōh*": "verb, Niphal, infinitive absolute - utterly cut off", "*nidmāh*": "verb, Niphal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - is cut off", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*nidmōh nidmāh*": "emphatic construction: is utterly cut off/is completely destroyed/is certainly silenced" } }
• Joel 1:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Joel.1.5", "source": "הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל־עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Hāqîṣû* *šikkôrîm* *ûḇəḵû* *wə*-*hêlîlû* *kāl*-*šōṯê* *yāyîn* *ʿal*-*ʿāsîs* *kî* *niḵraṯ* *mippîḵem*", "grammar": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wake up, awake", "*šikkôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drunkards", "*ûḇəḵû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and weep", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*šōṯê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of", "*yāyîn*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of, concerning", "*ʿāsîs*": "noun, masculine singular - sweet wine, new wine", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*niḵraṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*mippîḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your mouth" }, "variants": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "wake up/awake/arise", "*šikkôrîm*": "drunkards/intoxicated ones", "*ûḇəḵû*": "and weep/cry/mourn", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*šōṯê*": "drinkers of/those who drink", "*yāyîn*": "wine/fermented drink", "*ʿāsîs*": "sweet wine/new wine/juice", "*niḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.1.6", "source": "כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Kî*-*gôy* *ʿālāh* *ʿal*-*ʾarṣî* *ʿāṣûm* *wə*-*ʾên* *mispār* *šinnāyw* *šinnê* *ʾaryêh* *û*-*məṯalləʿôṯ* *lāḇîʾ* *lô*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation, people", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come up, ascended", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against, upon", "*ʾarṣî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my land", "*ʿāṣûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty, strong", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number, count", "*šinnāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its teeth", "*šinnê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - teeth of", "*ʾaryêh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - fangs of", "*lāḇîʾ*": "noun, feminine singular - lioness", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it, belonging to it" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/heathen", "*ʿālāh*": "has come up/ascended/invaded", "*ʿāṣûm*": "mighty/strong/numerous", "*mispār*": "number/count/quantity", "*ʾaryêh*": "lion/powerful one", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "fangs/jaw teeth", "*lāḇîʾ*": "lioness/great lion" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joel.1.7", "source": "שָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִי֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י לִקְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Śām* *gapnî* *ləšammāh* *û*-*ṯəʾēnāṯî* *liqṣāp̄āh* *ḥāśōp̄* *ḥăśāp̄āh* *wə*-*hišlîḵ* *hilbînû* *śārîgêhā*", "grammar": { "*Śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has made, placed", "*gapnî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my vine", "*ləšammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to a desolation", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯəʾēnāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my fig tree", "*liqṣāp̄āh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to splinters/fragments", "*ḥāśōp̄*": "Qal infinitive absolute - completely", "*ḥăśāp̄āh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he has stripped it", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has cast away, thrown down", "*hilbînû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have made white, bleached", "*śārîgêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its branches" }, "variants": { "*Śām*": "made/placed/set", "*gapnî*": "my vine/vineyard", "*ləšammāh*": "to a desolation/waste/horror", "*ṯəʾēnāṯî*": "my fig tree", "*liqṣāp̄āh*": "to splinters/fragments/broken pieces", "*ḥāśōp̄ ḥăśāp̄āh*": "completely stripped it/thoroughly laid bare", "*hišlîḵ*": "cast away/thrown down/flung", "*hilbînû*": "made white/bleached/exposed", "*śārîgêhā*": "its branches/twigs/shoots" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joel.1.8", "source": "אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾĔlî* *kiḇṯûlāh* *ḥăguraṯ*-*śaq* *ʿal*-*baʿal* *nəʿûrêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - lament, wail", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a virgin", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular construct - girded with", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, because of", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - husband of", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her youth" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlî*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "like a virgin/maiden", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "girded with/clothed with/wearing", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/garment of mourning", "*baʿal*": "husband/lord/master", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "her youth/her early life/her young age" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joel.1.9", "source": "הָכְרַ֥ת מִנְחָ֛ה וָנֶ֖סֶךְ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אָֽבְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Hāḵraṯ* *minḥāh* *wā*-*neseḵ* *mibbêṯ* *YHWH* *ʾāḇlû* *hakkōhănîm* *məšārəṯê* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "Hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grain offering, meal offering", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*neseḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - drink offering", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾāḇlû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they mourn", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld", "*minḥāh*": "grain offering/meal offering/tribute", "*neseḵ*": "drink offering/libation", "*ʾāḇlû*": "they mourn/grieve/lament", "*məšārəṯê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.1.10", "source": "שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר׃", "text": "*Šuddaḏ* *śāḏeh* *ʾāḇlāh* *ʾăḏāmāh* *kî* *šuddaḏ* *dāgān* *hôḇîš* *tîrôš* *ʾumlal* *yiṣhār*", "grammar": { "*Šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʾāḇlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - ground, land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated", "*dāgān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn", "*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up", "*tîrôš*": "noun, masculine singular - new wine, must", "*ʾumlal*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is withered", "*yiṣhār*": "noun, masculine singular - fresh oil, olive oil" }, "variants": { "*Šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ravaged/destroyed", "*śāḏeh*": "field/country/land", "*ʾāḇlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "ground/land/soil", "*šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ruined/destroyed", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat", "*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/must/fresh grape juice", "*ʾumlal*": "is withered/languishes/droops", "*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.1.11", "source": "הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*Hôḇîšû* *ʾikkārîm* *hêlîlû* *kōrəmîm* *ʿal*-*ḥiṭṭāh* *wə*-*ʿal*-*śəʿōrāh* *kî* *ʾāḇaḏ* *qəṣîr* *śāḏeh*", "grammar": { "*Hôḇîšû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - be ashamed", "*ʾikkārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - farmers, plowmen", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*kōrəmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vinedressers", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning", "*ḥiṭṭāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wheat", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning", "*śəʿōrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - barley", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has perished", "*qəṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field" }, "variants": { "*Hôḇîšû*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded", "*ʾikkārîm*": "farmers/plowmen/tillers", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*kōrəmîm*": "vinedressers/vine keepers", "*ḥiṭṭāh*": "wheat/grain", "*śəʿōrāh*": "barley", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "has perished/is destroyed/is lost", "*qəṣîr*": "harvest/crop" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joel.1.12", "source": "הַגֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*Haggep̄en* *hôḇîšāh* *wə*-*hattəʾēnāh* *ʾumlālāh* *rimmôn* *gam*-*tāmār* *wə*-*ṯappûaḥ* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh* *yāḇēšû* *kî*-*hôḇîš* *śāśôn* *min*-*bənê* *ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*Haggep̄en*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the vine", "*hôḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is dried up", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hattəʾēnāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fig tree", "*ʾumlālāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is withered", "*rimmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pomegranate", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*tāmār*": "noun, masculine singular - date palm", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯappûaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - apple tree", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of", "*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field", "*yāḇēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are dried up", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up", "*śāśôn*": "noun, masculine singular - joy, gladness", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind, humanity" }, "variants": { "*hôḇîšāh*": "is dried up/withered/failed", "*ʾumlālāh*": "is withered/languishes/droops", "*rimmôn*": "pomegranate tree/pomegranate", "*tāmār*": "date palm/palm tree", "*ṯappûaḥ*": "apple tree/apricot tree", "*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of", "*yāḇēšû*": "are dried up/withered/parched", "*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing", "*bənê ʾāḏām*": "sons of mankind/human beings/people" } }
• Matt 8:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.8.11", "source": "Λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, Ὅτι πολλοὶ ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν ἥξουσιν, καὶ ἀνακλιθήσονται μετὰ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακὼβ, ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν.", "text": "*Legō* *de* to-you, That *polloi* from *anatolōn* and *dusmōn hēxousin*, and *anaklithēsontai* with *Abraam*, and *Isaak*, and *Iakōb*, in the *basileia* of-the *ouranōn*.", "grammar": { "*Legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "ὑμῖν": "dative plural pronoun - to you", "Ὅτι": "conjunction - that", "*polloi*": "nominative masculine plural adjective - many", "ἀπὸ": "preposition + genitive - from", "*anatolōn*": "genitive feminine plural - east", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*dusmōn*": "genitive feminine plural - west", "*hēxousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will come", "*anaklithēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person plural - will recline", "μετὰ": "preposition + genitive - with", "*Abraam*": "genitive masculine singular - Abraham", "*Isaak*": "genitive masculine singular - Isaac", "*Iakōb*": "genitive masculine singular - Jacob", "ἐν": "preposition + dative - in", "τῇ": "dative feminine singular article - the", "*basileia*": "dative feminine singular - kingdom", "τῶν": "genitive masculine plural article - of the", "*ouranōn*": "genitive masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*Legō*": "I say/tell/speak", "*de*": "and/but/now (transitional particle)", "*polloi*": "many/numerous", "*anatolōn*": "east/rising of sun", "*dusmōn*": "west/setting of sun", "*hēxousin*": "will come/arrive", "*anaklithēsontai*": "will recline/sit at table", "*Abraam*": "Abraham", "*Isaak*": "Isaac", "*Iakōb*": "Jacob", "*basileia*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/skies" } } 12 { "verseID": "Matthew.8.12", "source": "Οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον: ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων.", "text": "The *de huioi* of-the *basileias ekblēthēsontai* into the *skotos* the *exōteron*: there *estai* the *klauthmos* and the *brugmos* of-the *odontōn*.", "grammar": { "Οἱ": "nominative masculine plural article - the", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*huioi*": "nominative masculine plural - sons", "τῆς": "genitive feminine singular article - of the", "*basileias*": "genitive feminine singular - kingdom", "*ekblēthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person plural - will be cast out", "εἰς": "preposition + accusative - into", "τὸ": "accusative neuter singular article - the", "*skotos*": "accusative neuter singular - darkness", "τὸ": "accusative neuter singular article - the", "*exōteron*": "accusative neuter singular comparative adjective - outer", "ἐκεῖ": "adverb - there", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be", "ὁ": "nominative masculine singular article - the", "*klauthmos*": "nominative masculine singular - weeping", "καὶ": "conjunction - and", "ὁ": "nominative masculine singular article - the", "*brugmos*": "nominative masculine singular - gnashing", "τῶν": "genitive masculine plural article - of the", "*odontōn*": "genitive masculine plural - teeth" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/now (transitional particle)", "*huioi*": "sons/children/descendants", "*basileias*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*ekblēthēsontai*": "will be cast out/thrown out/expelled", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom", "*exōteron*": "outer/external/outside", "*estai*": "will be/shall be", "*klauthmos*": "weeping/wailing/lamentation", "*brugmos*": "gnashing/grinding", "*odontōn*": "teeth" } }
• Rom 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Romans.2.5", "source": "Κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ·", "text": "But according to the *sklērotēta* of you and *ametanoēton* *kardian* you *thēsaurizeis* for *seautō* *orgēn* in day of *orgēs* and *apokalypsēōs* *dikaiokriasias* of *Theos*;", "grammar": { "*sklērotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - hardness/stubbornness", "*ametanoēton*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - unrepentant/impenitent", "*kardian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*thēsaurizeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you store up/treasure up", "*seautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - for yourself", "*orgēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath/anger", "*apokalypsēōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*dikaiokriasias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteous judgment", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*sklērotēta*": "hardness/stubbornness/obstinacy", "*ametanoēton*": "unrepentant/impenitent/refusing to change mind", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*thēsaurizeis*": "store up/treasure up/accumulate", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*apokalypsēōs*": "revelation/disclosure/uncovering", "*dikaiokriasias*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• Rom 2:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Romans.2.8", "source": "Τοῖς δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας, καὶ ἀπειθοῦσιν μὲν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, θυμὸς καὶ ὀργή,", "text": "But to those of *eritheias*, and *apeithousin* *men* to the *alētheia*, *peithomenois* *de* to the *adikia*, *thymos* and *orgē*,", "grammar": { "*eritheias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - self-seeking/selfish ambition", "*apeithousin*": "participle, present active, dative, masculine, plural - disobeying/refusing to believe", "*men*": "particle - on the one hand", "*alētheia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - truth", "*peithomenois*": "participle, present middle/passive, dative, masculine, plural - being persuaded/obeying", "*de*": "particle - but/and/on the other hand", "*adikia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness/wrongdoing", "*thymos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - wrath/rage", "*orgē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - anger/wrath" }, "variants": { "*eritheias*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/contentiousness", "*apeithousin*": "disobeying/refusing to believe/rejecting", "*alētheia*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*peithomenois*": "being persuaded by/obeying/yielding to", "*adikia*": "unrighteousness/wickedness/injustice", "*thymos*": "wrath/rage/intense anger", "*orgē*": "wrath/anger/indignation" } } 9 { "verseID": "Romans.2.9", "source": "Θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία, ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν, Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον, καὶ Ἕλληνος·", "text": "*Thlipsis* and *stenochōria*, upon every *psychēn* of *anthrōpou* of the one *katergazomenou* the *kakon*, of *Ioudaiou* *te* first, and of *Hellēnos*;", "grammar": { "*Thlipsis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - tribulation/affliction", "*stenochōria*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - distress/anguish", "*psychēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - soul/life", "*anthrōpou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - man/human", "*katergazomenou*": "participle, present middle, genitive, masculine, singular - working/producing", "*kakon*": "adjective used as noun, accusative, neuter, singular - evil/wrong", "*Ioudaiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - Jew", "*te*": "particle - and/both (paired)", "*Hellēnos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - Greek/Gentile" }, "variants": { "*Thlipsis*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*stenochōria*": "distress/anguish/calamity", "*psychēn*": "soul/life/inner person", "*anthrōpou*": "human/person/man", "*katergazomenou*": "working/producing/carrying out", "*kakon*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*Ioudaiou*": "Jew/Jewish person", "*Hellēnos*": "Greek/Gentile/non-Jewish person" } }
• Gal 6:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Galatians.6.7", "source": "Μὴ πλανᾶσθε· Θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται: ὃ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ, ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει.", "text": "Not *planasthe*; *Theos* not *myktērizetai*: for what if *speirē anthropos*, this also *therisei*.", "grammar": { "*planasthe*": "present, passive, imperative, 2nd plural - be deceived", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*myktērizetai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - is mocked", "*speirē*": "present, active, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might sow", "*anthropos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*therisei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - will reap" }, "variants": { "*planasthe*": "be deceived/led astray/misled", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*myktērizetai*": "is mocked/sneered at/treated with contempt", "*speirē*": "might sow/plant/scatter seed", "*anthropos*": "man/person/human", "*therisei*": "will reap/harvest/gather" } } 8 { "verseID": "Galatians.6.8", "source": "Ὅτι ὁ σπείρων εἰς τὴν σάρκα ἑαυτοῦ ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς θερίσει φθοράν· ὁ δὲ σπείρων εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος θερίσει ζωὴν αἰώνιον.", "text": "Because the one *speirōn* into the *sarka heautou* from the *sarkos therisei phthoran*; but the one *speirōn* into the *Pneuma* from the *Pneumatos therisei zōēn aiōnion*.", "grammar": { "*speirōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - sowing", "*sarka*": "accusative, feminine, singular - flesh", "*heautou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of himself", "*sarkos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of flesh", "*therisei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - will reap", "*phthoran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - corruption/decay", "*Pneuma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*aiōnion*": "accusative, feminine, singular - eternal" }, "variants": { "*speirōn*": "sowing/planting/scattering seed", "*sarka*": "flesh/body/human nature", "*heautou*": "of himself/his own", "*sarkos*": "of flesh/body/human nature", "*therisei*": "will reap/harvest/gather", "*phthoran*": "corruption/decay/destruction/ruin", "*Pneuma*": "Spirit/spirit/breath", "*Pneumatos*": "of Spirit/spirit/breath", "*zōēn*": "life/existence", "*aiōnion*": "eternal/everlasting/age-long" } }