Zechariah 11:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Zechariah.11.2", "source": "הֵילֵ֤ל בְּרוֹשׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָ֣פַל אֶ֔רֶז אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּרִ֖ים שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ אַלּוֹנֵ֣י בָשָׁ֔ן כִּ֥י יָרַ֖ד יַ֥עַר הַבָּצִֽיר׃", "text": "*hêlēl* *bərôš* *kî-nāp̄al* *ʾerez* *ʾăšer* *ʾaddîrîm* *šuddāḏû* *hêlîlû* *ʾallônê* *ḇāšān* *kî* *yāraḏ* *yaʿar* *habbāṣîr*", "grammar": { "*hêlēl*": "imperative, masculine singular, hiphil - wail/howl", "*bərôš*": "noun, masculine singular - cypress/fir tree", "*kî-nāp̄al*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - because has fallen", "*ʾerez*": "noun, masculine singular - cedar", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʾaddîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - majestic/mighty ones", "*šuddāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, pual - are devastated/destroyed", "*hêlîlû*": "imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - wail/howl", "*ʾallônê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - oaks of", "*ḇāšān*": "proper noun - Bashan (region)", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*yāraḏ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - has come down/descended", "*yaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - forest of", "*habbāṣîr*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the inaccessible/fortified" }, "variants": { "*hêlēl*": "wail/howl/lament", "*bərôš*": "cypress/fir/juniper tree", "*nāp̄al*": "has fallen/collapsed", "*ʾerez*": "cedar tree", "*ʾaddîrîm*": "majestic ones/mighty ones/nobility", "*šuddāḏû*": "are devastated/destroyed/ruined", "*ʾallônê*": "oaks of", "*ḇāšān*": "Bashan (fertile region east of Jordan)", "*yāraḏ*": "has come down/descended/fallen", "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded area", "*habbāṣîr*": "the fortified/inaccessible/impenetrable/dense" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הֵילֵ֤ל בְּרוֹשׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָ֣פַל אֶ֔רֶז אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּרִ֖ים שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ אַלּוֹנֵ֣י בָשָׁ֔ן כִּ֥י יָרַ֖ד יַ֥עַר הַבָּצִֽיר׃

Transliteration

hêlēl bərôš kî-nāp̄al ʾerez ʾăšer ʾaddîrîm šuddāḏû hêlîlû ʾallônê ḇāšān kî yāraḏ yaʿar habbāṣîr

Grammar Details

• *hêlēl*: imperative, masculine singular, hiphil - wail/howl
• *bərôš*: noun, masculine singular - cypress/fir tree
• *kî-nāp̄al*: conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - because has fallen
• *ʾerez*: noun, masculine singular - cedar
• *ʾăšer*: relative particle - which/that
• *ʾaddîrîm*: adjective, masculine plural - majestic/mighty ones
• *šuddāḏû*: perfect, 3rd person common plural, pual - are devastated/destroyed
• *hêlîlû*: imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - wail/howl
• *ʾallônê*: noun, masculine plural construct - oaks of
• *ḇāšān*: proper noun - Bashan (region)
• *kî*: conjunction - because/for
• *yāraḏ*: perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - has come down/descended
• *yaʿar*: noun, masculine singular construct - forest of
• *habbāṣîr*: article + noun, masculine singular - the inaccessible/fortified

Word Meanings

• *hêlēl*: wail/howl/lament
• *bərôš*: cypress/fir/juniper tree
• *nāp̄al*: has fallen/collapsed
• *ʾerez*: cedar tree
• *ʾaddîrîm*: majestic ones/mighty ones/nobility
• *šuddāḏû*: are devastated/destroyed/ruined
• *ʾallônê*: oaks of
• *ḇāšān*: Bashan (fertile region east of Jordan)
• *yāraḏ*: has come down/descended/fallen
• *yaʿar*: forest/wooded area
• *habbāṣîr*: the fortified/inaccessible/impenetrable/dense

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Wail, O cypress, for the cedar has fallen, because the majestic trees are destroyed! Wail, oaks of Bashan, for the dense forest has come down!

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Howl, fir tree; for the cedar is fallen; because the mighty are spoiled: howl, O ye oaks of Bashan; for the forest of the vintage is come down.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Howl, fir tree, for the cedar has fallen; because the mighty are destroyed. Howl, O oaks of Bashan, for the forest of the vintage has come down.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Howl, fir tree; for the cedar is fallen; because the mighty are spoiled: howl, O ye oaks of Bashan; for the forest of the vintage is come down.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Wail,{H3213} O fir-tree,{H1265} for the cedar{H730} is fallen,{H5307} because the goodly{H117} ones are destroyed:{H7703} wail,{H3213} O ye oaks{H437} of Bashan,{H1316} for the strong{H1208} forest{H3293} is come down.{H3381}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Howl{H3213}{(H8685)}, fir tree{H1265}; for the cedar{H730} is fallen{H5307}{(H8804)}; because the mighty{H117} are spoiled{H7703}{(H8795)}: howl{H3213}{(H8685)}, O ye oaks{H437} of Bashan{H1316}; for the forest{H3293} of the vintage{H1208}{(H8675)}{H1219}{(H8803)} is come down{H3381}{(H8804)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Howle ye Fyrre trees, for the Cedre is falle, yee all ye proude are waisted awaye Howle (o ye oke trees of Baasan) for ye mightie stronge wod is cut downe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Houle, firre trees: for the cedar is fallen, because all the mightie are destroyed: houle ye, O okes of Bashan, for ye defesed forest is cut downe.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Howle ye firre trees, for the Cedar is fallen, yea all the proude are wasted away: Howle O ye Oke trees of Basan, for the mightie strong wood is cut downe.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Howl, fir tree; for the cedar is fallen; because the mighty are spoiled: howl, O ye oaks of Bashan; for the forest of the vintage is come down.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Wail, fir tree, for the cedar has fallen, Because the stately ones are destroyed. Wail, you oaks of Bashan, For the strong forest has come down.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Howl, O fir, for fallen hath the cedar, For their honourable ones were destroyed, Howl, ye oaks of Bashan, For come down hath the fenced forest,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Wail, O fir-tree, for the cedar is fallen, because the goodly ones are destroyed: wail, O ye oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest is come down.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Wail, O fir-tree, for the cedar is fallen, because the goodly ones are destroyed: wail, O ye oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest is come down.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Give a cry of grief, O fir-tree, for the fall of the cedar, because the great ones have been made low: give cries of grief, O you oaks of Bashan, for the strong trees of the wood have come down.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Wail, fir tree, for the cedar has fallen, because the stately ones are destroyed. Wail, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has come down.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Howl, fir tree, because the cedar has fallen; the majestic trees have been destroyed. Howl, oaks of Bashan, because the impenetrable forest has fallen.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 2:12-17 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.12", "source": "כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃", "text": "For *yôm* belongs-to-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* against all-*gēʾê* and-*rām*, and-against all-*niśśāʾ* and-*šāpēl*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/for the LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*gēʾê*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/arrogant", "*wā-rām*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and lofty/high", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*niśśāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be brought low" }, "variants": { "*yôm la-YHWH*": "day of the LORD/day belonging to YHWH", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*gēʾê*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*rām*": "lofty/high/exalted", "*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated", "*šāpēl*": "brought low/humbled/abased" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.13", "source": "וְעַל֙ כָּל־אַרְזֵ֣י הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן הָרָמִ֖ים וְהַנִּשָּׂאִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אַלּוֹנֵ֥י הַבָּשָֽׁן׃", "text": "And-against all-*ʾarzê* the-*Ləbānôn*, the-*rāmîm* and-the-*niśśāʾîm*, and-against all-*ʾallônê* the-*Bāšān*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ʾarzê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - cedars of", "*ha-Ləbānôn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Lebanon", "*hā-rāmîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the high/lofty", "*wə-ha-niśśāʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - and the lifted up/exalted", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ʾallônê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - oaks of", "*ha-Bāšān*": "definite article + proper noun - the Bashan" }, "variants": { "*ʾarzê ha-Ləbānôn*": "cedars of Lebanon", "*rāmîm*": "high/lofty/tall", "*niśśāʾîm*": "lifted up/exalted/elevated", "*ʾallônê ha-Bāšān*": "oaks of Bashan" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.14", "source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הֶהָרִ֣ים הָרָמִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הַגְּבָע֥וֹת הַנִּשָּׂאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-against all-the-*hārîm* the-*rāmîm*, and-against all-the-*gəbāʿôt* the-*niśśāʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*he-hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*hā-rāmîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the high/lofty", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ha-gəbāʿôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the hills", "*ha-niśśāʾôt*": "definite article + verb, niphal participle, feminine plural - the lifted up/exalted" }, "variants": { "*hārîm*": "mountains/high places", "*rāmîm*": "high/lofty/tall", "*gəbāʿôt*": "hills/heights", "*niśśāʾôt*": "lifted up/elevated/exalted" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.15", "source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מִגְדָּ֣ל גָּבֹ֑הַ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־חוֹמָ֥ה בְצוּרָֽה׃", "text": "And-against all-*migdāl* *gābōha*, and-against all-*ḥômâ* *bəṣûrâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*migdāl*": "noun, masculine singular - tower", "*gābōha*": "adjective, masculine singular - high/tall/lofty", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ḥômâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wall", "*bəṣûrâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - fortified/strong" }, "variants": { "*migdāl gābōha*": "high tower/lofty tower", "*ḥômâ bəṣûrâ*": "fortified wall/strong wall/defensive barrier" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.16", "source": "וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־שְׂכִיּ֥וֹת הַחֶמְדָּֽה׃", "text": "And-against all-*ʾŏniyyôt* *Taršîš*, and-against all-*śəkiyyôt* the-*ḥemdâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ʾŏniyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ships of", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against/upon", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*śəkiyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ships/vessels/imagery of", "*ha-ḥemdâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the desire/delight" }, "variants": { "*ʾŏniyyôt Taršîš*": "ships of Tarshish/large seafaring vessels", "*śəkiyyôt ha-ḥemdâ*": "pleasant/beautiful imagery/valuable vessels/luxury ships" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.17", "source": "וְשַׁח֙ גַּבְה֣וּת הָאָדָ֔ם וְשָׁפֵ֖ל ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃", "text": "And-*šaḥ* *gabhût* the-*ʾādām*, and-*šāpēl* *rûm* *ʾănāšîm*, and-*niśgab* *YHWH* to-*badô* in-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-šaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down", "*gabhût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of", "*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*wə-šāpēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is humbled", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - loftiness/pride of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people", "*wə-niśgab*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is exalted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lə-badô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - alone/by himself", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*šaḥ*": "bowed down/humbled/brought low", "*gabhût*": "haughtiness/pride/arrogance", "*šāpēl*": "humbled/brought low/abased", "*rûm*": "loftiness/pride/exaltation", "*niśgab*": "exalted/lifted high/elevated", "*badô*": "alone/by himself/only", "*yôm ha-hûʾ*": "that day/the day/the appointed time" } }
• Isa 10:33-34 : 33 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.33", "source": "הִנֵּה הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה בְּמַעֲרָצָה וְרָמֵי הַקּוֹמָה גְּדוּעִים וְהַגְּבֹהִים יִשְׁפָּלוּ", "text": "*hinnēh* *hāʾādôn* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *mesāʿēp̄* *puʾrāh* *bemaʿărāṣāh* *werāmê* *haqqômāh* *gedûʿîm* *wehaggebōhîm* *yišpālû*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*hāʾādôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Lord", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*mesāʿēp̄*": "piel participle, masculine singular - lopping off", "*puʾrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - branch/bough", "*bemaʿărāṣāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with terrifying power", "*werāmê*": "waw conjunction + adjective, masculine plural construct - and the tall ones of", "*haqqômāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the stature", "*gedûʿîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - cut down/hewn down", "*wehaggebōhîm*": "waw conjunction + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - and the lofty ones", "*yišpālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - will be humbled/brought low" }, "variants": { "*sāʿap̄*": "lop off/cut away/prune", "*puʾrāh*": "branch/bough/foliage", "*maʿărāṣāh*": "terror/terrifying power/fearful force", "*qômāh*": "height/stature/tallness", "*gādaʿ*": "cut down/hew down/chop off", "*gābōah*": "high/lofty/tall/proud", "*šāp̄al*": "be low/be humbled/be brought down" } } 34 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.34", "source": "וְנִקַּף סִבְכֵי הַיַּעַר בַּבַּרְזֶל וְהַלְּבָנוֹן בְּאַדִּיר יִפּוֹל", "text": "*weniqqap̄* *sibeḵê* *hayyaʿar* *babbarzel* *wehallebānôn* *beʾaddîr* *yippôl*", "grammar": { "*weniqqap̄*": "waw conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be cut down", "*sibeḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thickets of", "*hayyaʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the forest", "*babbarzel*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the iron", "*wehallebānôn*": "waw conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Lebanon", "*beʾaddîr*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - by a mighty one", "*yippôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will fall" }, "variants": { "*nāqap̄*": "cut down/strike down/go around", "*sōbeḵ*": "thicket/entanglement/interwoven branches", "*yaʿar*": "forest/thicket/wooded area", "*barzel*": "iron/iron tool", "*ʾaddîr*": "mighty one/majestic one/powerful one", "*nāp̄al*": "fall/collapse/be cast down" } }
• Isa 32:15-19 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.15", "source": "עַד־יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה עָלֵ֛ינוּ ר֖וּחַ מִמָּר֑וֹם וְהָיָ֤ה מִדְבָּר֙ לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל *וכרמל **וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל לַיַּ֥עַר יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "Until-*ʿārâ* upon-us *rûaḥ* from-*mārôm* and-*hāyâ* *midbār* to-the-*karmel* and-the-*karmel* to-the-*yaʿar* *ḥāšab*.", "grammar": { "*ʿārâ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be poured out", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit, wind, breath", "*mārôm*": "masculine singular noun - height, high place", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - then will be", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness, desert", "*karmel*": "masculine singular noun - fruitful field, garden-land", "*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - forest, wooded height", "*ḥāšab*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be regarded, considered" }, "variants": { "*ʿārâ*": "to be poured out/emptied/laid bare", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/heaven", "*hāyâ*": "to be/become/happen", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*karmel*": "fruitful field/garden-land/orchard", "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded height/thicket", "*ḥāšab*": "to be regarded/considered/reckoned" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.16", "source": "וְשָׁכַ֥ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בַּכַּרְמֶ֥ל תֵּשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "And-*šākan* in-the-*midbār* *mišpāṭ* and-*ṣədāqâ* in-the-*karmel* *yāšab*.", "grammar": { "*šākan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - then will dwell", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness, desert", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice, judgment", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*karmel*": "masculine singular noun - fruitful field, garden-land", "*yāšab*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will dwell, remain" }, "variants": { "*šākan*": "to dwell/abide/reside", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*ṣədāqâ*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*karmel*": "fruitful field/garden-land/orchard", "*yāšab*": "to dwell/sit/remain" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.17", "source": "וְהָיָ֛ה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַצְּדָקָ֖ה שָׁל֑וֹם וַֽעֲבֹדַת֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה הַשְׁקֵ֥ט וָבֶ֖טַח עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And-*hāyâ* *maʿăśê* the-*ṣədāqâ* *šālôm* and-*ʿăbōdat* the-*ṣədāqâ* *šāqaṭ* and-*beṭaḥ* until-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - then will be", "*maʿăśê*": "masculine singular construct - work, deed", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace, completeness", "*ʿăbōdat*": "feminine singular construct - service, labor", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*šāqaṭ*": "masculine singular noun - quietness, tranquility", "*beṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - security, safety", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever, eternity" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "to be/become/happen", "*maʿăśê*": "work of/deed of/action of", "*ṣədāqâ*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*šālôm*": "peace/completeness/welfare", "*ʿăbōdat*": "service of/labor of/work of", "*šāqaṭ*": "quietness/tranquility/rest", "*beṭaḥ*": "security/safety/confidence", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.18", "source": "וְיָשַׁ֥ב עַמִּ֖י בִּנְוֵ֣ה שָׁל֑וֹם וּֽבְמִשְׁכְּנוֹת֙ מִבְטַחִ֔ים וּבִמְנוּחֹ֖ת שַׁאֲנַנּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*yāšab* *ʿammî* in-*nāwê* *šālôm* and-in-*miškənôt* *mibṭaḥîm* and-in-*mənûḥôt* *šaʾănannôt*.", "grammar": { "*yāšab*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - then will dwell", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*nāwê*": "masculine singular construct - habitation, abode", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace, completeness", "*miškənôt*": "feminine plural noun - dwellings, tabernacles", "*mibṭaḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - secure places, security", "*mənûḥôt*": "feminine plural noun - resting places", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - quiet, at ease" }, "variants": { "*yāšab*": "to dwell/sit/remain", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*nāwê*": "habitation of/abode of/dwelling place of", "*šālôm*": "peace/completeness/welfare", "*miškənôt*": "dwellings/tabernacles/tents", "*mibṭaḥîm*": "secure places/security/confidence", "*mənûḥôt*": "resting places/quiet places", "*šaʾănannôt*": "quiet/at ease/peaceful" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.19", "source": "וּבָרַ֖ד בְּרֶ֣דֶת הַיָּ֑עַר וּבַשִּׁפְלָ֖ה תִּשְׁפַּ֥ל הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And-*bārad* in-*yārad* the-*yaʿar* and-in-the-*šiplâ* *šāpal* the-*ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*bārad*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has hailed", "*yārad*": "qal infinitive construct - coming down, descending", "*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - forest, wooded height", "*šiplâ*": "feminine singular noun - lowland, depression", "*šāpal*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be laid low", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city, town" }, "variants": { "*bārad*": "it has hailed/hail will come", "*yārad*": "coming down/descending/falling", "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded height/thicket", "*šiplâ*": "lowland/depression/low country", "*šāpal*": "will be laid low/will be brought down/will be humbled", "*ʿîr*": "city/town" } }
• Ezek 31:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֱמֹ֛ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶל־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ אֶל־מִ֖י דָּמִ֥יתָ בְגָדְלֶֽךָ", "text": "*ben-ʾādām* *ʾĕmōr* to *parʿōh melek-miṣrayim* and to *hămônô* to whom *dāmîtā* in *ḡodlekā*", "grammar": { "*ben-ʾādām*": "construct chain - son of man/human", "*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say/speak", "*parʿōh melek-miṣrayim*": "construct chain - Pharaoh king of Egypt", "*hămônô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his multitude/crowd/wealth", "*dāmîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you resembled/compared/were like", "*ḡodlekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your greatness/magnificence" }, "variants": { "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/mortal human/person", "*hămônô*": "his multitude/his abundance/his wealth/his crowd", "*dāmîtā*": "you resembled/you were compared/you were like", "*ḡodlekā*": "your greatness/your magnitude/your pride" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.3", "source": "הִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּגְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּבֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ", "text": "*hinnēh* *ʾaššûr* *ʾerez* in the *ləḇānôn* *yəp̄ēh* *ʿānāp̄* and *ḥōreš* *mēṣal* and *ḡəḇah* *qômāh* and between *ʿăḇōtîm* *hāyətāh* *ṣamartô*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria/Ashur", "*ʾerez*": "noun, masculine singular - cedar", "*ləḇānôn*": "proper noun with definite article - the Lebanon", "*yəp̄ēh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair", "*ʿānāp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - branch/bough", "*ḥōreš*": "noun, masculine singular - thicket/wood/forest", "*mēṣal*": "Hiphil participle - giving shade/shadowing", "*ḡəḇah*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - high/tall", "*qômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - height/stature", "*ʿăḇōtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thickets/cloud", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - was/became/happened", "*ṣamartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its top/crown" }, "variants": { "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria/Asshur/an Assyrian", "*ḥōreš*": "thicket/wood/forest", "*mēṣal*": "giving shade/providing shelter/shadowing", "*ʿăḇōtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets", "*ṣamartô*": "its top/its crown/its highest branch" } }
• Ezek 31:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.17", "source": "גַּם־הֵ֗ם אִתּ֛וֹ יָרְד֥וּ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶל־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב וּזְרֹע֛וֹ יָשְׁב֥וּ בְצִלּ֖וֹ בְּת֥וֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם", "text": "Also *hēm* with him *yārədû* *šəʾôlāh* to *ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ* and *zərōʿô* *yāšḇû* in *ḇəṣillô* in midst *gôyim*", "grammar": { "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*yārədû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they went down", "*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ*": "construct chain - slain of sword", "*zərōʿô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arm/strength", "*yāšḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they dwelt/sat", "*ḇəṣillô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his shadow", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations" }, "variants": { "*yārədû šəʾôlāh*": "they went down to Sheol/they descended to the grave/they went to the underworld", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥāreḇ*": "slain of sword/those pierced by sword/victims of sword", "*zərōʿô*": "his arm/his strength/his helpers/those who were his strength", "*ḇəṣillô*": "in his shadow/under his protection/in his shade" } }
• Amos 6:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.6.1", "source": "הוֹי הַשַּׁאֲנַנִּים בְּצִיּוֹן וְהַבֹּטְחִים בְּהַר שֹׁמְרוֹן נְקֻבֵי רֵאשִׁית הַגּוֹיִם וּבָאוּ לָהֶם בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל", "text": "*Hôy* the *šaʾănannîm* in *ṣiyyôn* *wə-* the *bōṭəḥîm* in *har* *šōmərôn* *nəqubê* *rēʾšît* the *gôyîm* *û-* *bāʾû* to-them *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*šaʾănannîm*": "plural, masculine, definite article - those who are at ease", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun with preposition *bə-* - in Zion", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "participle, masculine plural, definite article - those trusting", "*har*": "construct noun with preposition *bə-* - in mountain of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*nəqubê*": "masculine plural construct - notable ones/designated ones of", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - first/chief of", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural, definite article - nations", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they came/come", "*bêt*": "construct noun - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*šaʾănannîm*": "complacent ones/those at ease/careless ones", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "those who trust/rely/are confident", "*nəqubê*": "marked ones/designated ones/notable ones", "*rēʾšît*": "first/beginning/chief/foremost", "*bāʾû*": "come to/enter/resort to" } }
• Nah 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.8", "source": "הֲתֵיטְבִי מִנֹּא אָמוֹן הַיֹּשְׁבָה בַּיְאֹרִים מַיִם סָבִיב לָהּ אֲשֶׁר־חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ׃", "text": "*hă-tēṭĕbî* *mi-nōʾ* *ʾāmôn* *hay-yōšĕbāh* *bay-ʾōrîm* *mayim* *sābîb* *lāh* *ăšer-ḥêl* *yām* *mi-yām* *ḥômātāh*", "grammar": { "*hă-tēṭĕbî*": "interrogative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - are you better", "*mi-nōʾ*": "preposition + proper noun - than No", "*ʾāmôn*": "proper noun - Amon/Thebes", "*hay-yōšĕbāh*": "article + verb, Qal participle, feminine singular - the one sitting", "*bay-ʾōrîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, plural - among the rivers/Nile canals", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - waters", "*sābîb*": "adverb - surrounding", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*ăšer-ḥêl*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - whose rampart", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*mi-yām*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from sea", "*ḥômātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wall" }, "variants": { "*tēṭĕbî*": "better/more favorable", "*nōʾ ʾāmôn*": "Thebes (Egyptian city)/No-Amon", "*yōšĕbāh*": "sitting/dwelling/situated", "*yĕʾōrîm*": "rivers/Nile canals/streams", "*ḥêl*": "rampart/fortress/army", "*ḥômātāh*": "wall/defense" } } 9 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.9", "source": "כּוּשׁ עָצְמָה וּמִצְרַיִם וְאֵין קֵצֶה פּוּט וְלוּבִים הָיוּ בְּעֶזְרָתֵךְ׃", "text": "*kûš* *ʿoṣmāh* *û-miṣrayim* *wĕ-ʾên* *qēṣeh* *pûṭ* *wĕ-lûbîm* *hāyû* *bĕ-ʿezrātēk*", "grammar": { "*kûš*": "proper noun - Cush/Ethiopia", "*ʿoṣmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her strength", "*û-miṣrayim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Egypt", "*wĕ-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*qēṣeh*": "noun, masculine, singular - end/limit", "*pûṭ*": "proper noun - Put/Libya", "*wĕ-lûbîm*": "conjunction + proper noun, plural - and Libyans", "*hāyû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were", "*bĕ-ʿezrātēk*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your help/assistance" }, "variants": { "*kûš*": "Cush/Ethiopia", "*ʿoṣmāh*": "strength/might/power", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt", "*pûṭ*": "Put/Libya", "*lûbîm*": "Libyans/Lubim (people of North Africa)", "*ʿezrātēk*": "help/assistance/aid" } } 10 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.10", "source": "גַּם־הִיא לַגֹּלָה הָלְכָה בַשֶּׁבִי גַּם עֹלָלֶיהָ יְרֻטְּשׁוּ בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת וְעַל־נִכְבַּדֶּיהָ יַדּוּ גוֹרָל וְכָל־גְּדוֹלֶיהָ רֻתְּקוּ בַזִּקִּים׃", "text": "*gam-hîʾ* *lag-gōlāh* *hālĕkāh* *baš-šebî* *gam* *ʿōlālehā* *yĕruṭṭĕšû* *bĕ-rōʾš* *kol-ḥûṣôt* *wĕ-ʿal-nikbaddehā* *yaddû* *gôrāl* *wĕ-kol-gĕdôlehā* *ruttĕqû* *baz-ziqqîm*", "grammar": { "*gam-hîʾ*": "adverb + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - even she", "*lag-gōlāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine, singular - into the exile", "*hālĕkāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she went", "*baš-šebî*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - into the captivity", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ʿōlālehā*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her infants", "*yĕruṭṭĕšû*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were dashed in pieces", "*bĕ-rōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - at the head of", "*kol-ḥûṣôt*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + noun, feminine, plural - all streets", "*wĕ-ʿal-nikbaddehā*": "conjunction + preposition + verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and for her honored ones", "*yaddû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they cast", "*gôrāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - lot", "*wĕ-kol-gĕdôlehā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular construct + adjective, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and all her great ones", "*ruttĕqû*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd plural - they were bound", "*baz-ziqqîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, plural - with chains" }, "variants": { "*gōlāh*": "exile/captivity", "*šebî*": "captivity/prisoner", "*ʿōlālehā*": "infants/little ones/children", "*yĕruṭṭĕšû*": "dashed to pieces/smashed/broken", "*nikbaddehā*": "honored ones/nobles/dignitaries", "*yaddû*": "cast/throw/draw", "*gôrāl*": "lot/portion/fate", "*gĕdôlehā*": "great ones/nobles/leaders", "*ruttĕqû*": "bound/chained/fettered", "*ziqqîm*": "chains/fetters/shackles" } } 11 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.11", "source": "גַּם־אַתְּ תִּשְׁכְּרִי תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה גַּם־אַתְּ תְּבַקְשִׁי מָעוֹז מֵאוֹיֵב׃", "text": "*gam-ʾatt* *tišĕkĕrî* *tĕhî* *naʿălāmāh* *gam-ʾatt* *tĕbaqqĕšî* *māʿôz* *mē-ʾôyēb*", "grammar": { "*gam-ʾatt*": "adverb + 2nd feminine singular pronoun - also you", "*tišĕkĕrî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be drunk", "*tĕhî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be", "*naʿălāmāh*": "verb, Niphal participle, feminine singular - hidden/obscured", "*gam-ʾatt*": "adverb + 2nd feminine singular pronoun - also you", "*tĕbaqqĕšî*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will seek", "*māʿôz*": "noun, masculine, singular - fortress/stronghold", "*mē-ʾôyēb*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from enemy" }, "variants": { "*tišĕkĕrî*": "be drunk/intoxicated/dazed", "*naʿălāmāh*": "hidden/obscured/faint/overwhelmed", "*tĕbaqqĕšî*": "seek/search for/look for", "*māʿôz*": "fortress/stronghold/refuge/protection", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } } 12 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.12", "source": "כָּל־מִבְצָרַיִךְ תְּאֵנִים עִם־בִּכּוּרִים אִם־יִנּוֹעוּ וְנָפְלוּ עַל־פִּי אוֹכֵל׃", "text": "*kol-mibṣārayik* *tĕʾēnîm* *ʿim-bikkûrîm* *ʾim-yinnôʿû* *wĕ-nāp̄lû* *ʿal-pî* *ʾôkēl*", "grammar": { "*kol-mibṣārayik*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - all your fortresses", "*tĕʾēnîm*": "noun, feminine, plural - fig trees", "*ʿim-bikkûrîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - with early/first-ripe fruit", "*ʾim-yinnôʿû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - if they are shaken", "*wĕ-nāp̄lû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - then they fall", "*ʿal-pî*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - upon mouth of", "*ʾôkēl*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - eater" }, "variants": { "*mibṣārayik*": "fortresses/strongholds/fortified places", "*tĕʾēnîm*": "fig trees/figs", "*bikkûrîm*": "first-ripe fruit/early figs", "*yinnôʿû*": "shaken/swayed/moved", "*nāp̄lû*": "fall/drop/be cast down", "*pî*": "mouth/opening", "*ʾôkēl*": "eater/one who eats" } } 13 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.13", "source": "הִנֵּה עַמֵּךְ נָשִׁים בְּקִרְבֵּךְ לְאֹיְבַיִךְ פָּתוֹחַ נִפְתְּחוּ שַׁעֲרֵי אַרְצֵךְ אָכְלָה אֵשׁ בְּרִיחָיִךְ׃", "text": "*hinnēh* *ʿammēk* *nāšîm* *bĕ-qirbēk* *lĕ-ʾōyĕbayik* *pātôaḥ* *nip̄tĕḥû* *šaʿărê* *ʾarṣēk* *ʾāklāh* *ʾēš* *bĕrîḥāyik*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʿammēk*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your people", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine, plural - women", "*bĕ-qirbēk*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your midst", "*lĕ-ʾōyĕbayik*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to your enemies", "*pātôaḥ*": "verb, Qal infinitive absolute - opening", "*nip̄tĕḥû*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd plural - they were opened", "*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - gates of", "*ʾarṣēk*": "noun, feminine, singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your land", "*ʾāklāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has consumed", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*bĕrîḥāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bars" }, "variants": { "*ʿammēk*": "your people/nation/folk", "*nāšîm*": "women/weak ones", "*qirbēk*": "midst/inside/interior", "*pātôaḥ nip̄tĕḥû*": "completely opened/thrown wide open", "*šaʿărê*": "gates/city entrances", "*ʾāklāh*": "consumed/devoured/eaten", "*bĕrîḥāyik*": "bars/bolts/defensive barriers" } } 14 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.14", "source": "מֵי מָצוֹר שַׁאֲבִי־לָךְ חַזְּקִי מִבְצָרָיִךְ בֹּאִי בַטִּיט וְרִמְסִי בַחֹמֶר הַחֲזִיקִי מַלְבֵּן׃", "text": "*mê* *māṣôr* *šaʾăbî-lāk* *ḥazzĕqî* *mibṣārāyik* *bōʾî* *baṭ-ṭîṭ* *wĕ-rimsî* *ba-ḥōmer* *haḥăzîqî* *malbēn*", "grammar": { "*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of", "*māṣôr*": "noun, masculine, singular - siege", "*šaʾăbî-lāk*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - draw for yourself", "*ḥazzĕqî*": "verb, Piel imperative, feminine singular - strengthen", "*mibṣārāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fortresses", "*bōʾî*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - go", "*baṭ-ṭîṭ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - into the clay/mud", "*wĕ-rimsî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - and tread/trample", "*ba-ḥōmer*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - in the mortar", "*haḥăzîqî*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, feminine singular - take hold of/strengthen", "*malbēn*": "noun, masculine, singular - brick mold/brick kiln" }, "variants": { "*mê māṣôr*": "siege water/water for the siege", "*šaʾăbî*": "draw/bring up", "*ḥazzĕqî*": "strengthen/reinforce/fortify", "*bōʾî*": "go/enter/come", "*ṭîṭ*": "clay/mud/mire", "*rimsî*": "tread/trample/stamp", "*ḥōmer*": "mortar/clay/cement", "*haḥăzîqî*": "take hold of/grasp/strengthen", "*malbēn*": "brick mold/kiln/brick-making apparatus" } } 15 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.15", "source": "שָׁם תֹּאכְלֵךְ אֵשׁ תַּכְרִיתֵךְ חֶרֶב תֹּאכְלֵךְ כַּיָּלֶק הִתְכַּבֵּד כַּיֶּלֶק הִתְכַּבְּדִי כָּאַרְבֶּה׃", "text": "*šām* *tōʾklēk* *ʾēš* *takrîtēk* *ḥereb* *tōʾklēk* *kay-yāleq* *hitkabbēd* *kay-yeleq* *hitkabbĕdî* *kā-ʾarbeh*", "grammar": { "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*tōʾklēk*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it will devour you", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*takrîtēk*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it will cut you off", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine, singular - sword", "*tōʾklēk*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it will devour you", "*kay-yāleq*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - like the young locust", "*hitkabbēd*": "verb, Hithpael imperative, masculine singular - multiply yourself", "*kay-yeleq*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - like the young locust", "*hitkabbĕdî*": "verb, Hithpael imperative, feminine singular - multiply yourself", "*kā-ʾarbeh*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - like the locust" }, "variants": { "*tōʾklēk*": "devour/consume/eat you", "*takrîtēk*": "cut you off/destroy you/exterminate you", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction", "*yāleq/yeleq*": "young locust/locust species/grasshopper", "*hitkabbēd/hitkabbĕdî*": "multiply yourself/become numerous/increase greatly", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/locust swarm" } } 16 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.16", "source": "הִרְבֵּית רֹכְלַיִךְ מִכּוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמָיִם יֶלֶק פָּשַׁט וַיָּעֹף׃", "text": "*hirbêt* *rōklayik* *mi-kôkbê* *haš-šāmāyim* *yeleq* *pāšaṭ* *way-yāʿōp̄*", "grammar": { "*hirbêt*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have multiplied", "*rōklayik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchants", "*mi-kôkbê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct - more than stars of", "*haš-šāmāyim*": "article + noun, masculine, plural - the heavens", "*yeleq*": "noun, masculine, singular - young locust", "*pāšaṭ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it strips/raids", "*way-yāʿōp̄*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, consecutive - and flies away" }, "variants": { "*hirbêt*": "multiplied/increased/made numerous", "*rōklayik*": "your merchants/traders", "*kôkbê*": "stars/heavenly bodies", "*yeleq*": "young locust/locust species", "*pāšaṭ*": "strips/raids/attacks suddenly", "*yāʿōp̄*": "flies away/flees/departs" } } 17 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.17", "source": "מִנְּזָרַיִךְ כָּאַרְבֶּה וְטַפְסְרַיִךְ כְּגוֹב גֹּבָי הַחוֹנִים בַּגְּדֵרוֹת בְּיוֹם קָרָה שֶׁמֶשׁ זָרְחָה וְנוֹדַד וְלֹא־נוֹדַע מְקוֹמוֹ אַיָּם׃", "text": "*minnĕzārayik* *kā-ʾarbeh* *wĕ-ṭap̄sĕrayik* *kĕ-gôb* *gōbāy* *ha-ḥônîm* *bag-gĕdērôt* *bĕ-yôm* *qārāh* *šemeš* *zārĕḥāh* *wĕ-nôdad* *wĕ-lōʾ-nôdaʿ* *mĕqômô* *ʾayyām*", "grammar": { "*minnĕzārayik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your crowned princes", "*kā-ʾarbeh*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - like the locust", "*wĕ-ṭap̄sĕrayik*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your officials", "*kĕ-gôb*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - like swarm of", "*gōbāy*": "noun, masculine, singular - locusts", "*ha-ḥônîm*": "article + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - the camping/settling", "*bag-gĕdērôt*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine, plural - in the hedges/stone walls", "*bĕ-yôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in day of", "*qārāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - cold", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine, singular - sun", "*zārĕḥāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - rises/shines", "*wĕ-nôdad*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it flees", "*wĕ-lōʾ-nôdaʿ*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is not known", "*mĕqômô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its place", "*ʾayyām*": "interrogative adverb + 3rd masculine plural suffix - where are they" }, "variants": { "*minnĕzārayik*": "your princes/nobles/crowned ones", "*ṭap̄sĕrayik*": "your officials/marshals/commanders", "*gôb gōbāy*": "swarm of locusts/locust swarm", "*ḥônîm*": "camping/settling/encamping", "*gĕdērôt*": "hedges/walls/fences", "*qārāh*": "cold/cool weather", "*zārĕḥāh*": "rises/shines/comes forth", "*nôdad*": "flees/wanders away/departs", "*nôdaʿ*": "known/recognized/acknowledged", "*ʾayyām*": "where are they/where have they gone" } } 18 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.18", "source": "נָמוּ רֹעֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר יִשְׁכְּנוּ אַדִּירֶיךָ נָפֹשׁוּ עַמְּךָ עַל־הֶהָרִים וְאֵין מְקַבֵּץ׃", "text": "*nāmû* *rōʿeykā* *melek* *ʾaššûr* *yiškĕnû* *ʾaddîreykā* *nāp̄ōšû* *ʿammĕkā* *ʿal-hehārîm* *wĕ-ʾên* *mĕqabbēṣ*", "grammar": { "*nāmû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they slumber", "*rōʿeykā*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your shepherds", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yiškĕnû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they lie down/dwell", "*ʾaddîreykā*": "adjective, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nobles", "*nāp̄ōšû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they are scattered", "*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*ʿal-hehārîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, plural - on the mountains", "*wĕ-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no", "*mĕqabbēṣ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - gatherer" }, "variants": { "*nāmû*": "slumber/sleep/are still", "*rōʿeykā*": "your shepherds/rulers/leaders", "*yiškĕnû*": "lie down/dwell/sleep", "*ʾaddîreykā*": "your nobles/mighty ones/leaders", "*nāp̄ōšû*": "scattered/dispersed/spread out", "*mĕqabbēṣ*": "gatherer/one who gathers/collector" } } 19 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.19", "source": "אֵין־כֵּהָה לְשִׁבְרֶךָ נַחְלָה מַכָּתֶךָ כֹּל שֹׁמְעֵי שִׁמְעֲךָ תָּקְעוּ כַף עָלֶיךָ כִּי עַל־מִי לֹא־עָבְרָה רָעָתְךָ תָּמִיד׃", "text": "*ʾên-kēhāh* *lĕ-šibrĕkā* *naḥlāh* *makkātekā* *kōl* *šōmĕʿê* *šimʿăkā* *tāqĕʿû* *kap̄* *ʿāleykā* *kî* *ʿal-mî* *lōʾ-ʿābĕrāh* *rāʿātĕkā* *tāmîd*", "grammar": { "*ʾên-kēhāh*": "particle of negation + adjective, feminine, singular - there is no healing", "*lĕ-šibrĕkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - for your fracture", "*naḥlāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - grievous/sick", "*makkātekā*": "noun, feminine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wound", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all", "*šōmĕʿê*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - hearers of", "*šimʿăkā*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your report", "*tāqĕʿû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they clap", "*kap̄*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - over you", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿal-mî*": "preposition + interrogative pronoun - upon whom", "*lōʾ-ʿābĕrāh*": "negative particle + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has not passed", "*rāʿātĕkā*": "noun, feminine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your evil", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually" }, "variants": { "*kēhāh*": "healing/relief/mitigation", "*šibrĕkā*": "your fracture/injury/breaking", "*naḥlāh*": "grievous/sick/incurable/severe", "*makkātekā*": "your wound/blow/strike", "*šōmĕʿê šimʿăkā*": "those who hear the report of you", "*tāqĕʿû kap̄*": "clap hands/applaud (in joy/mockery)", "*rāʿātĕkā*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/regularly" } }
• Luke 23:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Luke.23.31", "source": "Ὅτι εἰ ἐν τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται;", "text": "For if in the *hygrō* *xylō* these-things they-*poiousin*, in the *xērō* what *genētai*?", "grammar": { "*hygrō*": "dative singular neuter - moist/green", "*xylō*": "dative singular neuter - wood/tree", "*poiousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they do/are doing", "*xērō*": "dative singular neuter - dry", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular - might happen/become" }, "variants": { "*hygrō*": "green/moist/living", "*xylō*": "wood/tree/timber", "*poiousin*": "do/make/perform", "*xērō*": "dry/withered", "*genētai*": "might happen/become/occur" } }