14 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.1.14",
"source": "קָר֤וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל קָר֖וֹב וּמַהֵ֣ר מְאֹ֑ד ק֚וֹל י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבּֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*qārôḇ* *yôm*-*YHWH* *haggāḏôl*, *qārôḇ* *ûmahēr* *məʾōḏ*. *qôl* *yôm* *YHWH* *mar* *ṣōrēaḥ* *šām* *gibbôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/at hand",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*haggāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the great",
"*ûmahēr*": "conjunction + piel participle, masculine singular absolute - and hastening",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*mar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter",
"*ṣōrēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - crying out",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*gibbôr*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - mighty warrior"
},
"variants": {
"*qārôḇ*": "near/imminent/approaching",
"*haggāḏôl*": "the great/mighty/important",
"*ûmahēr*": "and hastening/rushing/coming quickly",
"*mar*": "bitter/severe/harsh",
"*ṣōrēaḥ*": "crying out/shouting/screaming",
"*gibbôr*": "mighty warrior/mighty man/hero"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.1.15",
"source": "י֥וֹם עֶבְרָ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא י֧וֹם צָרָ֣ה וּמְצוּקָ֗ה י֤וֹם שֹׁאָה֙ וּמְשׁוֹאָ֔ה י֥וֹם חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וַאֲפֵלָ֔ה י֥וֹם עָנָ֖ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃",
"text": "*yôm* *ʿeḇrāh* *hayyôm* *hahûʾ*, *yôm* *ṣārāh* *ûməṣûqāh*, *yôm* *šôʾāh* *ûməšôʾāh*, *yôm* *ḥōšeḵ* *waʾăp̄ēlāh*, *yôm* *ʿānān* *waʿărāp̄el*.",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*ʿeḇrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath",
"*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*ṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - distress/trouble",
"*ûməṣûqāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and anguish",
"*šôʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular - devastation",
"*ûməšôʾāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation",
"*ḥōšeḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*waʾăp̄ēlāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and gloom",
"*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud",
"*waʿărāp̄el*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿeḇrāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/anger",
"*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity",
"*ûməṣûqāh*": "and anguish/straits/distress",
"*šôʾāh*": "devastation/ruin/destruction",
"*ûməšôʾāh*": "and desolation/ruin/destruction",
"*ḥōšeḵ*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*waʾăp̄ēlāh*": "and gloom/darkness",
"*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudiness",
"*waʿărāp̄el*": "and thick darkness/heavy cloud"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.1.16",
"source": "י֥וֹם שׁוֹפָ֖ר וּתְרוּעָ֑ה עַ֚ל הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וְעַ֖ל הַפִּנּ֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*yôm* *šôp̄ār* *ûṯərûʿāh* *ʿal* *heʿārîm* *habəṣurôṯ* *wəʿal* *happinnôṯ* *haggəḇōhôṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*šôp̄ār*": "noun, masculine singular - trumpet/horn",
"*ûṯərûʿāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and alarm/battle cry",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against",
"*heʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the cities",
"*habəṣurôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural with definite article - the fortified",
"*wəʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against",
"*happinnôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the corners/towers",
"*haggəḇōhôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural with definite article - the high"
},
"variants": {
"*šôp̄ār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar",
"*ûṯərûʿāh*": "and alarm/battle cry/shout",
"*habəṣurôṯ*": "the fortified/defended",
"*happinnôṯ*": "the corners/towers/pinnacles",
"*haggəḇōhôṯ*": "the high/tall/lofty"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.1.17",
"source": "וַהֲצֵרֹ֣תִי לָאָדָ֗ם וְהָֽלְכוּ֙ כַּֽעִוְרִ֔ים כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָ֑אוּ וְשֻׁפַּ֤ךְ דָּמָם֙ כֶּֽעָפָ֔ר וּלְחֻמָ֖ם כַּגְּלָלִֽים׃",
"text": "*wahăṣērōṯî* *lāʾāḏām* *wəhāləḵû* *kaʿiwrîm*, *kî* *la-YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾû*; *wəšuppaḵ* *dāmām* *keʿāp̄ār* *ûləḥumām* *kaggəlālîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wahăṣērōṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - and I will bring distress",
"*lāʾāḏām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - to mankind",
"*wəhāləḵû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person plural - and they will walk",
"*kaʿiwrîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like blind men",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - against YHWH",
"*ḥāṭāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have sinned",
"*wəšuppaḵ*": "conjunction + pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be poured out",
"*dāmām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their blood",
"*keʿāp̄ār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like dust",
"*ûləḥumām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their flesh",
"*kaggəlālîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with definite article - like dung"
},
"variants": {
"*wahăṣērōṯî*": "and I will bring distress/cause distress/make narrow",
"*kaʿiwrîm*": "like blind men/as the blind",
"*ḥāṭāʾû*": "they have sinned/transgressed/offended",
"*wəšuppaḵ*": "and will be poured out/spilled",
"*keʿāp̄ār*": "like dust/dirt/powder",
"*ûləḥumām*": "and their flesh/internal organs/body",
"*kaggəlālîm*": "like dung/excrement/refuse"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.1.18",
"source": "גַּם־כַּסְפָּ֨ם גַּם־זְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ עֶבְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וּבְאֵשׁ֙ קִנְאָת֔וֹ תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־כָלָ֤ה אַךְ־נִבְהָלָה֙ יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֵ֥ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס",
"text": "*gam*-*kaspām* *gam*-*zəhāḇām* not-*yûḵal* *ləhaṣṣîlām* in-*yôm* *ʿeḇraṯ* *YHWH*, *ûḇəʾēš* *qinʾāṯô* *tēʾāḵēl* *kol*-*hāʾāreṣ*, *kî*-*ḵālāh* *ʾaḵ*-*niḇhālāh* *yaʿăśeh* *ʾēṯ* *kol*-*yōšḇê* *hāʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*gam*": "adverb/conjunction - also/even",
"*kaspām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their silver",
"*zəhāḇām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their gold",
"*yûḵal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be able",
"*ləhaṣṣîlām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to deliver them",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*ʿeḇraṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*ûḇəʾēš*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and by fire of",
"*qinʾāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his jealousy",
"*tēʾāḵēl*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be consumed",
"*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ḵālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - complete destruction",
"*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/indeed",
"*niḇhālāh*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - terrifying/sudden",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will make",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of",
"*yōšḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*yûḵal ləhaṣṣîlām*": "will be able to deliver them/save them/rescue them",
"*ʿeḇraṯ*": "wrath/fury/overflow",
"*qinʾāṯô*": "his jealousy/zeal/passion",
"*tēʾāḵēl*": "will be consumed/devoured/eaten up",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground/territory",
"*ḵālāh ʾaḵ-niḇhālāh*": "complete and sudden destruction/terrifying annihilation",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "he will make/do/perform",
"*yōšḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents"
}
}