Isa 13:6-9 : 6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.6",
"source": "הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃",
"text": "*Hêlîlû* for near *yôm* *YHWH* like-*šōḏ* from-*Šadday* *yāḇôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*hêlîlû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/at hand",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - day of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*kəšōḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like destruction/devastation",
"*miššadday*": "preposition + proper noun - from the Almighty",
"*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will come"
},
"variants": {
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*šōḏ*": "destruction/devastation/violence/ruin",
"*Šadday*": "the Almighty/All-Sufficient One (divine title)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.7",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃",
"text": "Therefore all-*yāḏayim* *tirpênāh* and-all-*ləḇaḇ* *ʾĕnôš* *yimmās*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this",
"*kol-yāḏayim*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, dual - all hands",
"*tirpênāh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will go limp/become feeble",
"*wəḵol-ləḇaḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and every heart of",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/human",
"*yimmās*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will melt/dissolve"
},
"variants": {
"*tirpênāh*": "will go limp/become feeble/grow weak/fail",
"*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/human/man/mortal",
"*yimmās*": "will melt/dissolve/lose courage"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.8",
"source": "וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*niḇhālû* *ṣîrîm* *wa*-*ḥăḇālîm* *yōʾḥēzûn* like-the-*yôlēḏāh* *yəḥîlûn* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *yiṯmāhû* *pənê* *ləhāḇîm* *pənêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wəniḇhālû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be dismayed/terrified",
"*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - pangs/labor pains",
"*waḥăḇālîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and pains/birth pangs",
"*yōʾḥēzûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will seize/grasp",
"*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - like the woman giving birth",
"*yəḥîlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will writhe/be in anguish",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one",
"*ʾel-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his neighbor/companion",
"*yiṯmāhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be astonished/amazed",
"*pənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - faces of",
"*ləhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - flames",
"*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces"
},
"variants": {
"*niḇhālû*": "will be dismayed/terrified/alarmed/panic",
"*ṣîrîm*": "pangs/labor pains/distress",
"*ḥăḇālîm*": "pains/birth pangs/sorrows",
"*yōʾḥēzûn*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of",
"*yəḥîlûn*": "will writhe/be in anguish/twist in pain",
"*yiṯmāhû*": "will be astonished/amazed/look in horror",
"*pənê ləhāḇîm pənêhem*": "their faces are faces of flames/their faces are flushed"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.9",
"source": "הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃",
"text": "Behold *yôm*-*YHWH* *bāʾ* *ʾaḵzārî* *wə*-*ʿeḇrāh* *wa*-*ḥărôn* *ʾāp̄* *lāśûm* the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*šammāh* *wə*-*ḥaṭṭāʾêhā* *yašmîḏ* from-her",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/see",
"*yôm-YHWH*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + proper noun - day of YHWH",
"*bāʾ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - coming",
"*ʾaḵzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce",
"*wəʿeḇrāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and wrath/fury",
"*waḥărôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and burning of",
"*ʾāp̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - anger/nose",
"*lāśûm*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to make/set",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the land/earth",
"*ləšammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - to desolation",
"*wəḥaṭṭāʾêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her sinners",
"*yašmîḏ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will destroy",
"*mimmennāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḵzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless",
"*ʿeḇrāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow",
"*ḥărôn ʾāp̄*": "burning anger/fierce wrath/heat of nostril",
"*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*yašmîḏ*": "will destroy/annihilate/exterminate"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.10",
"source": "כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא־יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽוֹ׃",
"text": "For-*kôḵəḇê* the-*šāmayim* *û*-*ḵəsîlêhem* not *yāhēllû* *ʾôrām* *ḥāšaḵ* the-*šemeš* in-*ṣēʾṯô* *wə*-*yārēaḥ* not-*yaggîah* *ʾôrô*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*kôḵəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - stars of",
"*haššāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens",
"*ûḵəsîlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their constellations",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāhēllû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will shine",
"*ʾôrām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their light",
"*ḥāšaḵ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is darkened",
"*haššemeš*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the sun",
"*bəṣēʾṯô*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in its going forth",
"*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and moon",
"*lōʾ-yaggîah*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not shine",
"*ʾôrô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its light"
},
"variants": {
"*kôḵəḇê*": "stars of/celestial bodies of",
"*ḵəsîlêhem*": "their constellations/their groups of stars/Orion",
"*yāhēllû*": "will shine/will give light/will illuminate",
"*ḥāšaḵ*": "is darkened/is black/is dim",
"*bəṣēʾṯô*": "in its going forth/in its rising/when it comes out",
"*yaggîah*": "will shine/will give light/will send forth"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.11",
"source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃",
"text": "*Û*-*p̄āqaḏtî* upon-*tēḇēl* *rāʿāh* *wə*-upon-*rəšāʿîm* *ʿăwōnām* *wə*-*hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *zēḏîm* *wə*-*gaʾăwaṯ* *ʿārîṣîm* *ʾašpîl*",
"grammar": {
"*ûp̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will punish/visit",
"*ʿal-tēḇēl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - upon the world",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster",
"*wəʿal-rəšāʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, plural - and upon the wicked",
"*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity",
"*wəhišbattî*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will cause to cease",
"*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of",
"*zēḏîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant ones",
"*wəgaʾăwaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular, construct - and pride/haughtiness of",
"*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - ruthless/terrifying ones",
"*ʾašpîl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring low"
},
"variants": {
"*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will punish/visit/attend to",
"*tēḇēl*": "world/earth/land",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune",
"*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked/guilty/criminal ones",
"*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment",
"*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/stop",
"*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty",
"*zēḏîm*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones",
"*gaʾăwaṯ*": "pride/haughtiness/majesty",
"*ʿārîṣîm*": "ruthless/terrifying/violent ones",
"*ʾašpîl*": "I will bring low/humble/abase"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.12",
"source": "אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃",
"text": "*ʾÔqîr* *ʾĕnôš* than-*pāz* *wə*-*ʾāḏām* than-*keṯem* *ʾÔp̄îr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾôqîr*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make rare/precious",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/mortal",
"*mippāz*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - than fine gold",
"*wəʾāḏām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and human/man",
"*mikkeṯem*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - than the gold of",
"*ʾôp̄îr*": "proper noun - Ophir"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôqîr*": "I will make rare/precious/scarce/valuable",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/mortal/human",
"*pāz*": "fine gold/pure gold/refined gold",
"*ʾāḏām*": "human/man/person/mankind",
"*keṯem*": "gold/pure gold/fine gold",
"*ʾôp̄îr*": "Ophir (place known for fine gold)"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.13",
"source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Therefore *šāmayim* *ʾargîz* *wə*-*tirʿaš* the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*məqômāh* in-*ʿeḇraṯ* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *û*-in-*yôm* *ḥărôn* *ʾappô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens",
"*ʾargîz*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make tremble",
"*wəṯirʿaš*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will shake",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the earth/land",
"*mimməqômāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her place",
"*bəʿeḇraṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - in the wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies",
"*ûḇəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and in the day of",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - burning of",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾargîz*": "I will make tremble/cause to quake/shake",
"*tirʿaš*": "will shake/quake/tremble",
"*məqômāh*": "her place/her position/her site",
"*ʿeḇraṯ*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow",
"*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/heat of his nostril/his fierce wrath"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.14",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*hāyāh* like-*ṣəḇî* *muddāḥ* *û*-like-*ṣōʾn* *wə*-none *məqabbēṣ* *ʾîš* to-*ʿammô* *yip̄nû* *wə*-*ʾîš* to-*ʾarṣô* *yānûsû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be",
"*kiṣəḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like a gazelle",
"*muddāḥ*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine singular - driven away/hunted",
"*ûḵəṣōʾn*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and like sheep/flock",
"*wəʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not",
"*məqabbēṣ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - one gathering/collecting",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one",
"*ʾel-ʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his people",
"*yip̄nû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will turn",
"*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and each one",
"*ʾel-ʾarṣô*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his land",
"*yānûsû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will flee"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəḇî*": "gazelle/deer/roe",
"*muddāḥ*": "driven away/hunted/scattered",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle",
"*məqabbēṣ*": "one gathering/collecting/shepherding",
"*yip̄nû*": "will turn/turn toward/face",
"*yānûsû*": "will flee/run away/escape"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.15",
"source": "כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכָל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "All-the-*nimṣāʾ* *yiddāqēr* *wə*-all-the-*nispeh* *yippôl* by-the-*ḥāreḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*kol-hannimṣāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - all who are found",
"*yiddāqēr*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be pierced through",
"*wəḵol-hannispeh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - and all who are caught",
"*yippôl*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will fall",
"*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - by the sword"
},
"variants": {
"*nimṣāʾ*": "who are found/who remain/who are present",
"*yiddāqēr*": "will be pierced through/thrust through/run through",
"*nispeh*": "who are caught/who are captured/who are swept away",
"*yippôl*": "will fall/will be killed/will die"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.16",
"source": "וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*ʿōləlêhem* *yəruṭṭəšû* before-*ʿênêhem* *yiššassû* *bāttêhem* *û*-*nəšêhem* *tiššāḵaḇnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʿōləlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their infants",
"*yəruṭṭəšû*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be dashed to pieces",
"*ləʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine, dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - before their eyes",
"*yiššassû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be plundered",
"*bāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses",
"*ûnəšêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wives",
"*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will be violated/ravished/lain with"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōləlêhem*": "their infants/their little ones/their children",
"*yəruṭṭəšû*": "will be dashed to pieces/smashed/killed violently",
"*yiššassû*": "will be plundered/looted/robbed",
"*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "will be violated/ravished/lain with (euphemism for rape)",
"*tishgalnah*": "alternate reading (Kethib) - will be violated/raped"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.17",
"source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it",
"grammar": {
"*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me",
"*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them",
"*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes",
"*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem",
"*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening",
"*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider",
"*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.18",
"source": "וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃",
"text": "*Û*-*qəšāṯôṯ* *nəʿārîm* *təraṭṭašnāh* *û*-*p̄ərî*-*ḇeṭen* not *yəraḥēmû* upon-*bānîm* not-*ṯāḥûs* *ʿênām*",
"grammar": {
"*ûqəšāṯôṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and bows",
"*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - young men/youths",
"*təraṭṭašnāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will shatter",
"*ûp̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct + noun, masculine, singular - and fruit of womb",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yəraḥēmû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will have mercy on",
"*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - upon children/sons",
"*lōʾ-ṯāḥûs*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will not pity",
"*ʿênām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eye"
},
"variants": {
"*qəšāṯôṯ*": "bows/weapons",
"*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/lads",
"*təraṭṭašnāh*": "they will shatter/smash/dash to pieces",
"*p̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "fruit of womb/children/offspring",
"*yəraḥēmû*": "they will have mercy on/compassion on/pity",
"*ṯāḥûs*": "will pity/spare/look with compassion"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.19",
"source": "וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*hāyəṯāh* *Bāḇel* *ṣəḇî* *mamləḵôṯ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *gəʾôn* *Kaśdîm* like-*mahpēḵaṯ* *ʾĔlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*Səḏōm* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*ʿĂmōrāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will be",
"*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ṣəḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/beauty of",
"*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - kingdoms",
"*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - splendor/beauty of",
"*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans",
"*kəmahpēḵaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - like the overthrow of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God",
"*ʾeṯ-səḏōm*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sodom",
"*wəʾeṯ-ʿămōrāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gomorrah"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəḇî*": "glory/beauty/splendor/majesty",
"*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "splendor/beauty/glory/adornment",
"*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation",
"*mahpēḵaṯ*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.20",
"source": "לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "Not-*ṯēšēḇ* for-*neṣaḥ* *wə*-not *ṯiškōn* until-*dôr* *wā*-*ḏôr* *wə*-not-*yahēl* there *ʿĂrāḇî* *wə*-*rōʿîm* not-*yarbîṣû* there",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ-ṯēšēḇ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will not dwell/sit",
"*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/forever",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ṯiškōn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwell",
"*ʿaḏ-dôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - until generation",
"*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and generation",
"*wəlōʾ-yahēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not pitch tent",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*ʿărāḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular - Arab/nomad",
"*wərōʿîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - and shepherds",
"*lōʾ-yarbîṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will not make lie down",
"*šām*": "adverb - there"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯēšēḇ*": "will dwell/sit/remain",
"*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity",
"*ṯiškōn*": "will be inhabited/will dwell/will abide",
"*dôr wāḏôr*": "generation and generation/generation to generation/all generations",
"*yahēl*": "will pitch tent/will camp/will dwell temporarily",
"*ʿărāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller",
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/herdsmen/pastors",
"*yarbîṣû*": "will make lie down/will cause to rest/will let their flocks rest"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.21",
"source": "וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*rāḇṣû*-there *ṣiyyîm* *û*-*mālʾû* *ḇāttêhem* *ʾōḥîm* *wə*-*šāḵnû* there *bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh* *û*-*śəʿîrîm* *yəraqqəḏû*-there",
"grammar": {
"*wərāḇṣû-šām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + adverb - and will lie down there",
"*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - desert creatures/wild beasts",
"*ûmālʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will fill",
"*ḇāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses",
"*ʾōḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - howling creatures/owls",
"*wəšāḵnû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will dwell",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*bənôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - daughters of",
"*yaʿănāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ostrich",
"*ûśəʿîrîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and goat-demons/satyrs",
"*yəraqqəḏû-šām*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + adverb - will dance there"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/animals of the desert",
"*ʾōḥîm*": "howling creatures/owls/jackals",
"*bənôṯ yaʿănāh*": "daughters of the ostrich/female ostriches/owls",
"*śəʿîrîm*": "goat-demons/satyrs/wild goats/hairy goats"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.22",
"source": "וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*ʿānāh* *ʾiyyîm* in-*ʾalmənôṯāyw* *wə*-*ṯannîm* in-*hêḵəlê* *ʿōneg* *wə*-*qārôḇ* to-come *ʿittāh* *wə*-*yāmêhā* not *yimmāšēḵû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʿānāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will answer/cry",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - hyenas/howling creatures",
"*bəʾalmənôṯāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his/its widow-places/desolate palaces",
"*wəṯannîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and jackals/dragons",
"*bəhêḵəlê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural, construct - in palaces of",
"*ʿōneg*": "noun, masculine, singular - pleasure/luxury/delight",
"*wəqārôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and near",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come",
"*ʿittāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her time",
"*wəyāmêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her days",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yimmāšēḵû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be prolonged/extended"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿānāh*": "will answer/cry/howl/respond",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "hyenas/howling creatures/wild dogs/jackals",
"*ʾalmənôṯāyw*": "his widow-places/desolate palaces/forsaken places",
"*ṯannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters",
"*hêḵəlê*": "palaces/temples",
"*ʿōneg*": "pleasure/luxury/delight",
"*yimmāšēḵû*": "will be prolonged/extended/delayed"
}
}