5 {
"verseID": "John.3.5",
"source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς, Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι, Ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ.",
"text": "*Apekrithē Iēsous, Amēn, amēn, legō soi*, Unless *tis gennēthē ex hydatos kai Pneumatos*, not *dunatai eiselthein eis tēn basileian tou Theou*.",
"grammar": {
"*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered/responded",
"*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus",
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew term - truly/verily [emphatic affirmation]",
"*legō*": "present, 1st singular - I say/tell",
"*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative - to you",
"*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone/someone",
"*gennēthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be born",
"*ex*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of",
"*hydatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of water",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*eiselthein*": "aorist, infinitive - to enter/go in",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to",
"*basileian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign",
"*tou Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God"
},
"variants": {
"*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/wind/breath [play on words continues]",
"*hydatos*": "water/fluid [possibly symbolic of natural birth or purification]",
"*eiselthein*": "to enter/go in/join"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "John.3.6",
"source": "Τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν· καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν.",
"text": "The *gegennēmenon ek tēs sarkos sarx estin*; and the *gegennēmenon ek tou Pneumatos pneuma estin*.",
"grammar": {
"*gegennēmenon*": "perfect, passive participle, nominative, neuter, singular - having been born",
"*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of",
"*sarkos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of flesh",
"*sarx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - flesh",
"*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is",
"*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit",
"*pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*sarx*": "flesh/physical body/human nature/carnality",
"*pneuma*": "spirit/Spirit/spiritual nature",
"*gegennēmenon*": "that which has been born/the born thing"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "John.3.7",
"source": "Μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, Δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν.",
"text": "Not *thaumasēs hoti eipon soi, Dei hymas gennēthēnai anōthen*.",
"grammar": {
"*thaumasēs*": "aorist, subjunctive, 2nd singular - you should marvel/wonder",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*eipon*": "aorist, 1st singular - I said",
"*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative - to you",
"*Dei*": "present, 3rd singular, impersonal - it is necessary",
"*hymas*": "personal pronoun, accusative, plural - you [plural]",
"*gennēthēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be born",
"*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/again"
},
"variants": {
"*Dei*": "it is necessary/must/should",
"*anōthen*": "from above/again/anew",
"*thaumasēs*": "marvel/be amazed/be astonished"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "John.3.8",
"source": "Τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ, καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλʼ οὐκ οἶδας πόθεν ἔρχεται, καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει: οὕτως ἐστὶν πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος.",
"text": "The *pneuma hopou thelei pnei*, and the *phōnēn autou akoueis*, but not *oidas pothen erchetai*, and where *hypagei*: thus *estin pas ho gegennēmenos ek tou Pneumatos*.",
"grammar": {
"*pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - wind/spirit",
"*hopou*": "adverb - where",
"*thelei*": "present, 3rd singular - it wills/wishes",
"*pnei*": "present, 3rd singular - blows/breathes",
"*phōnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sound/voice",
"*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, neuter - its/his",
"*akoueis*": "present, 2nd singular - you hear",
"*oidas*": "perfect, 2nd singular - you know",
"*pothen*": "adverb - from where/whence",
"*erchetai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - comes/goes",
"*hypagei*": "present, 3rd singular - goes/departs",
"*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is",
"*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone/all",
"*gegennēmenos*": "perfect, passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been born",
"*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of",
"*tou Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of the Spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*pneuma*": "wind/spirit/breath [deliberate wordplay]",
"*phōnēn*": "sound/voice/noise",
"*pnei*": "blows/breathes [same root as pneuma]",
"*hypagei*": "goes/departs/disappears"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "John.3.9",
"source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Νικόδημος καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι;",
"text": "*Apekrithē Nikodēmos kai eipen autō*, How *dunatai tauta genesthai*?",
"grammar": {
"*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered/responded",
"*Nikodēmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Nicodemus",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said",
"*autō*": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine - to him",
"*dunatai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can",
"*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, neuter, plural - these things",
"*genesthai*": "aorist, middle, infinitive - to become/happen"
},
"variants": {
"*genesthai*": "to become/happen/take place/be"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "John.3.10",
"source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις;",
"text": "*Apekrithē Iēsous kai eipen autō*, You *ei ho didaskalos tou Israēl*, and these things not *ginōskeis*?",
"grammar": {
"*Apekrithē*": "aorist, passive, 3rd singular - answered/responded",
"*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said",
"*autō*": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine - to him",
"*ei*": "present, 2nd singular - you are",
"*didaskalos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - teacher",
"*tou Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Israel",
"*ginōskeis*": "present, 2nd singular - you know/understand"
},
"variants": {
"*didaskalos*": "teacher/instructor/master",
"*ginōskeis*": "know/understand/comprehend/perceive"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "John.3.11",
"source": "Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι ὅτι Ὃ οἴδαμεν λαλοῦμεν, καὶ ὃ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν· καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἡμῶν οὐ λαμβάνετε.",
"text": "*Amēn, amēn, legō soi hoti Ho oidamen laloumen*, and what *heōrakamen martyroumen*; and the *martyrian hēmōn* not *lambanete*.",
"grammar": {
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew term - truly/verily [emphatic affirmation]",
"*legō*": "present, 1st singular - I say/tell",
"*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative - to you",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that",
"*Ho*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what",
"*oidamen*": "perfect, 1st plural - we know",
"*laloumen*": "present, 1st plural - we speak",
"*heōrakamen*": "perfect, 1st plural - we have seen",
"*martyroumen*": "present, 1st plural - we testify/witness",
"*martyrian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - testimony/witness",
"*hēmōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 1st plural - our/of us",
"*lambanete*": "present, 2nd plural - you receive/accept"
},
"variants": {
"*laloumen*": "speak/talk/tell",
"*martyroumen*": "testify/bear witness/affirm",
"*lambanete*": "receive/accept/take/grasp"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "John.3.12",
"source": "Εἰ τὰ ἐπίγεια εἶπον ὑμῖν, καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια; πιστεύσετε,",
"text": "If the *epigeia eipon hymin*, and not *pisteuete*, how if *eipō hymin ta epourania pisteuseté*?",
"grammar": {
"*epigeia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - earthly things",
"*eipon*": "aorist, 1st singular - I told/said",
"*hymin*": "personal pronoun, dative, plural - to you [plural]",
"*pisteuete*": "present, 2nd plural - you believe",
"*eipō*": "aorist, subjunctive, 1st singular - I might tell/say",
"*epourania*": "accusative, neuter, plural - heavenly things",
"*pisteusete*": "future, 2nd plural - you will believe"
},
"variants": {
"*epigeia*": "earthly things/terrestrial matters",
"*epourania*": "heavenly things/celestial matters",
"*pisteuete*": "believe/trust/have faith in"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "John.3.13",
"source": "Καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀναβέβηκεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὁ ὤν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ.",
"text": "And *oudeis anabebēken eis ton ouranon*, except the one *ek tou ouranou katabas*, the *Hyios tou anthrōpou ho ōn en tō ouranō*.",
"grammar": {
"*oudeis*": "negative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - no one",
"*anabebēken*": "perfect, 3rd singular - has ascended",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to",
"*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven",
"*katabas*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having descended",
"*Hyios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Son",
"*tou anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man",
"*ōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being/who is",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*ouranō*": "dative, masculine, singular - heaven"
},
"variants": {
"*anabebēken*": "has ascended/gone up",
"*katabas*": "having descended/come down",
"*Hyios tou anthrōpou*": "Son of Man [Messianic title]",
"*ouranon/ouranō*": "heaven/sky"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "John.3.14",
"source": "¶Καὶ καθὼς Μωσῆς ὕψωσεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου:",
"text": "And just as *Mōsēs hypsōsen ton ophin en tē erēmō*, thus *hypsōthēnai dei ton Hyion tou anthrōpou*:",
"grammar": {
"*kathōs*": "conjunction - just as/according as",
"*Mōsēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Moses",
"*hypsōsen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - lifted up",
"*ophin*": "accusative, masculine, singular - serpent",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert",
"*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner",
"*hypsōthēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be lifted up",
"*dei*": "present, 3rd singular, impersonal - it is necessary",
"*Hyion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Son",
"*tou anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man"
},
"variants": {
"*hypsōsen*": "lifted up/raised/exalted",
"*ophin*": "serpent/snake [reference to Numbers 21:9]",
"*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/desolate place",
"*hypsōthēnai*": "to be lifted up/raised/exalted [double meaning: physical lifting and glorification]"
}
}