1 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.1",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יוֹנָ֥ה בֶן־אֲמִתַּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* unto-*Yônāh* son-of-*ʾĂmittay* *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass",
"*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/matter of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*Yônāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jonah",
"*ʾĂmittay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amittai",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say/saying"
},
"variants": {
"*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter/thing",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/commanding"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.2",
"source": "ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָעִ֥יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃",
"text": "*Qûm* *lēḵ* unto-*Nînəwēh* the-*ʿîr* the-*gəḏôlāh* and-*qərāʾ* against-her for-*ʿālətāh* *rāʿātām* before-me",
"grammar": {
"*Qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise/stand up",
"*lēḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go/walk",
"*Nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - city",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective feminine singular + definite article - great/large",
"*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular + waw conjunctive - call/proclaim",
"*ʿālətāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - has come up/ascended",
"*rāʿātām*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their evil/wickedness"
},
"variants": {
"*qərāʾ*": "call/proclaim/cry out/preach",
"*ʿālətāh*": "has come up/risen/ascended",
"*rāʿātām*": "their evil/wickedness/calamity/wrongdoing"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.3",
"source": "וַיָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ וַיִּמְצָ֥א אָנִיָּ֣ה ׀ בָּאָ֣ה תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜הּ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּהּ֙ לָב֤וֹא עִמָּהֶם֙ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyāqom* *Yônāh* *liḇrōaḥ* *Taršîšāh* from-before *YHWH* and-*wayyēreḏ* *Yāpô* and-*wayyimṣāʾ* *ʾŏniyyāh* *bāʾāh* *Taršîš* and-*wayyittēn* *śəḵārāh* and-*wayyēreḏ* in-her *lāḇôʾ* with-them *Taršîšāh* from-before *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose",
"*Yônāh*": "proper noun - Jonah",
"*liḇrōaḥ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to flee",
"*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish",
"*wayyēreḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down",
"*Yāpô*": "proper noun - Joppa/Yafo",
"*wayyimṣāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he found",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular - ship",
"*bāʾāh*": "qal participle feminine singular - going/coming",
"*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish",
"*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*śəḵārāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its fare/passage price",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/go",
"*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish"
},
"variants": {
"*liḇrōaḥ*": "to flee/escape/run away",
"*Taršîšāh*": "to Tarshish (possibly Spain, Sardinia, or a distant port)",
"*śəḵārāh*": "its fare/payment/wage"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.4",
"source": "וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּד֖וֹל בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃",
"text": "And-*YHWH* *hēṭîl* *rûaḥ*-*gəḏôlāh* unto-the-*yām* and-*wayəhî* *saʿar*-*gāḏôl* in-the-*yām* and-the-*ʾŏniyyāh* *ḥiššəḇāh* *ləhiššāḇēr*",
"grammar": {
"*hēṭîl*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - hurled/cast/threw",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular construct - wind/spirit",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great/mighty",
"*yām*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sea",
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*saʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct - storm/tempest",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/mighty",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship",
"*ḥiššəḇāh*": "piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - thought/considered/imagined",
"*ləhiššāḇēr*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be broken/wrecked"
},
"variants": {
"*hēṭîl*": "hurled/cast/threw/sent",
"*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath",
"*saʿar*": "storm/tempest/gale",
"*ḥiššəḇāh*": "thought/considered/reckoned/was about to",
"*ləhiššāḇēr*": "to be broken/wrecked/shattered"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.5",
"source": "וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyîrəʾû* the-*mallāḥîm* and-*wayyizʿăqû* *ʾîš* unto-*ʾĕlōhāyw* and-*wayyāṭilû* the-*kēlîm* which in-the-*ʾŏniyyāh* unto-the-*yām* *ləhāqēl* from-upon-them and-*Yônāh* *yāraḏ* unto-*yarḵəṯēy* the-*səpînāh* and-*wayyiškaḇ* and-*wayyērāḏam*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they feared",
"*mallāḥîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - sailors/mariners",
"*wayyizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods/his God",
"*wayyāṭilû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they threw",
"*kēlîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - vessels/cargo/equipment",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship",
"*yām*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sea",
"*ləhāqēl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to lighten",
"*yāraḏ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had gone down",
"*yarḵəṯēy*": "noun feminine plural construct - innermost parts/sides",
"*səpînāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship/vessel",
"*wayyiškaḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay down",
"*wayyērāḏam*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he fell fast asleep"
},
"variants": {
"*mallāḥîm*": "sailors/mariners/seamen",
"*wayyizʿăqû*": "cried out/called/shouted",
"*kēlîm*": "vessels/cargo/equipment/implements",
"*ləhāqēl*": "to lighten/make lighter/ease",
"*yarḵəṯēy*": "innermost parts/sides/recesses",
"*wayyērāḏam*": "fell fast asleep/went into deep sleep"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.6",
"source": "וַיִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָיו֙ רַ֣ב הַחֹבֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֣ נִרְדָּ֑ם ק֚וּם קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖נוּ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiqraḇ* unto-him *raḇ* the-*ḥōḇēl* and-*wayyōmer* to-him what-to-you *nirdām* *qûm* *qərāʾ* unto-*ʾĕlōheḵā* perhaps *yiṯʿaššēṯ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* for-us and-not we-perish",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqraḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came near",
"*raḇ*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief/captain",
"*ḥōḇēl*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sailor/pilot",
"*wayyōmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*nirdām*": "niphal participle masculine singular - sleeping/sleeper",
"*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise",
"*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - call",
"*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will think about/consider/take notice",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - the God/gods"
},
"variants": {
"*raḇ* *ḥōḇēl*": "captain of the ship/chief sailor/pilot",
"*nirdām*": "sleeping soundly/in deep sleep/slumbering",
"*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "will think about/consider/take notice of/have compassion on",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/deity"
}
}