Lamentations 1:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Lamentations.1.12", "source": "ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*lôʾ* to you all-*ʿōḇərê* *dereḵ*, *habbîṭû* *û*-*rəʾû* if-*yēš* *maḵʾôḇ* like my *maḵʾōḇî* *ʾăšer* *ʿôlal* to me, *ʾăšer* *hôḡāh* *YHWH* in *yôm* *ḥărôn* his *ʾappô*.", "grammar": { "*lôʾ*": "negative particle/exclamation - Is it nothing", "*ʾălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʿōḇərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - way", "*habbîṭû*": "hifil imperative, masculine plural - look", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*maḵʾôḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - pain", "*kəmaḵʾōḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - like my pain", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿôlal*": "polal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was done", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he afflicted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*lôʾ ʾălêḵem*": "Is it nothing to you?/Does it not concern you?", "*ʿōḇərê dereḵ*": "passersby/travelers/those who pass along the way", "*habbîṭû*": "look/observe/consider", "*maḵʾôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/suffering", "*ʿôlal*": "was done/was inflicted/was brought", "*hôḡāh*": "afflicted/made sorrowful/punished", "*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "his fierce anger/his burning wrath/his intense fury" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס

Transliteration

lôʾ to you all-ʿōḇərê dereḵ, habbîṭû û-rəʾû if-yēš maḵʾôḇ like my maḵʾōḇî ʾăšer ʿôlal to me, ʾăšer hôḡāh YHWH in yôm ḥărôn his ʾappô.

Grammar Details

• *lôʾ*: negative particle/exclamation - Is it nothing
• *ʾălêḵem*: preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you
• *kāl*: noun, construct - all of
• *ʿōḇərê*: qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by
• *dereḵ*: noun, masculine singular - way
• *habbîṭû*: hifil imperative, masculine plural - look
• *û*: conjunction - and
• *rəʾû*: qal imperative, masculine plural - see
• *ʾim*: conjunction - if
• *yēš*: particle of existence - there is
• *maḵʾôḇ*: noun, masculine singular - pain
• *kəmaḵʾōḇî*: preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - like my pain
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - which
• *ʿôlal*: polal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was done
• *lî*: preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me
• *hôḡāh*: hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he afflicted
• *YHWH*: proper noun - LORD
• *bəyôm*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of
• *ḥărôn*: noun, masculine singular construct - burning of
• *ʾappô*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger

Word Meanings

• *lôʾ ʾălêḵem*: Is it nothing to you?/Does it not concern you?
• *ʿōḇərê dereḵ*: passersby/travelers/those who pass along the way
• *habbîṭû*: look/observe/consider
• *maḵʾôḇ*: pain/sorrow/suffering
• *ʿôlal*: was done/was inflicted/was brought
• *hôḡāh*: afflicted/made sorrowful/punished
• *ḥărôn ʾappô*: his fierce anger/his burning wrath/his intense fury

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  "Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look and see if there is any sorrow like my sorrow, which was brought upon me, which the LORD inflicted on the day of his fierce anger.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Is it nothing to you, all you that pass by? Look and see if there is any sorrow like my sorrow, which is done to me, with which the LORD has afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass{H5674} by?{H1870} Behold,{H5027} and see{H7200} if there be{H3426} any sorrow{H4341} like unto my sorrow,{H4341} which is brought{H5953} upon me, Wherewith Jehovah{H3068} hath afflicted{H3013} [me] in the day{H3117} of his fierce{H2740} anger.{H639}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass{H5674}{(H8802)} by{H1870}? behold{H5027}{(H8685)}, and see{H7200}{(H8798)} if there be{H3426} any sorrow{H4341} like unto my sorrow{H4341}, which is done{H5953}{(H8776)} unto me, wherewith the LORD{H3068} hath afflicted{H3013}{(H8689)} me in the day{H3117} of his fierce{H2740} anger{H639}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  O ye all that go fore by, beholde and se, yf there be eny sorowe like vnto myne, wherwith the LORDE hath troubled me, in the daye of his fearefull wrath.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Haue ye no regarde, all yee that passe by this way? behold, and see, if there be any sorowe like vnto my sorowe, which is done vnto mee, wherewith the Lord hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce wrath.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Haue ye no regarde all ye that go foreby, beholde & see yf there be any sorowe lyke vnto mine, wherwith the Lorde hath troubled me in the day of his fearefull wrath.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ [Is it] nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted [me] in the day of his fierce anger.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there be any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted [me] in the day of his fierce anger.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Is it' nothing to you, all ye passing by the way? Look attentively, and see, If there is any pain like my pain, That He is rolling to me? Whom Jehovah hath afflicted In the day of the fierceness of His anger.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is brought upon me, Wherewith Jehovah hath afflicted `me' in the day of his fierce anger.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is brought upon me, Wherewith Jehovah hath afflicted [me] in the day of his fierce anger.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Come to me, all you who go by! Keep your eyes on me, and see if there is any pain like the pain of my wound, which the Lord has sent on me in the day of his burning wrath.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there be any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted [me] in the day of his fierce anger.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  ל(Lamed) Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by on the road? Look and see! Is there any pain like mine? The Lord has afflicted me, he has inflicted it on me when he burned with anger.

Referenced Verses

• Dan 9:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.12", "source": "וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־*דבריו **דְּבָר֣וֹ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלֵ֗ינוּ וְעַ֤ל שֹֽׁפְטֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁפָט֔וּנוּ לְהָבִ֥יא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And *wayyāqem* *ʾeṯ*-*dəḇārô* which *dibber* against us and against *šōp̄əṭênû* who *šəp̄āṭûnû* to *hāḇîʾ* upon us *rāʿāh* *ḡəḏōlāh* which not-*neʿeśtāh* under all-the *šāmayim* as *neʿeśtāh* in *yərûšālayim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - and he confirmed/established", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇārô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3ms suffix - his word", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - he spoke", "*šōp̄əṭênû*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our judges", "*šəp̄āṭûnû*": "perfect, 3rd masculine plural, qal with 1pl suffix - they judged us", "*hāḇîʾ*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to bring", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*ḡəḏōlāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - great", "*neʿeśtāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular, niphal - it was done", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the heavens", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqem*": "and he confirmed/established/fulfilled", "*dəḇārô*": "his word/statement/promise", "*dibber*": "he spoke/declared/pronounced", "*šōp̄əṭênû*": "our judges/rulers/leaders", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*neʿeśtāh*": "it was done/performed/accomplished" } }
• Luke 23:28-31 : 28 { "verseID": "Luke.23.28", "source": "Στραφεὶς δὲ πρὸς αὐτὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, Θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ, μὴ κλαίετε ἐπʼ ἐμέ, πλὴν ἐφʼ ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν.", "text": "*Strapheis* *de* *pros* them the *Iēsous* *eipen*, *Thygateres* *Ierousalēm*, not *klaiete* upon me, rather upon yourselves *klaiete*, and upon the *tekna* of-you.", "grammar": { "*Strapheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine - having turned", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - towards/to", "αὐτὰς": "accusative plural feminine - them", "*Iēsous*": "nominative singular masculine - Jesus", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said", "*Thygateres*": "vocative plural feminine - daughters", "*Ierousalēm*": "genitive singular feminine (indeclinable) - of Jerusalem", "*klaiete*": "present active imperative, 2nd plural - weep/cry", "ἐμέ": "accusative singular - me", "ἑαυτὰς": "accusative plural feminine reflexive pronoun - yourselves", "*tekna*": "accusative plural neuter - children" }, "variants": { "*Strapheis*": "turning/having turned", "*pros*": "towards/to/facing", "*eipen*": "said/spoke", "*Thygateres*": "daughters", "*klaiete*": "weep/cry/mourn", "*tekna*": "children/offspring" } } 29 { "verseID": "Luke.23.29", "source": "Ὅτι, ἰδού, ἔρχονται ἡμέραι, ἐν αἷς ἐροῦσιν, Μακάριαι αἱ στεῖραι, καὶ κοιλίαι αἳ οὐκ ἐγέννησαν, καὶ μαστοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἔθήλασαν.", "text": "For, *idou*, *erchontai* *hēmerai*, in which they-will-*erousin*, *Makariai* the *steirai*, and *koiliai* which not *egennēsan*, and *mastoi* which not *ethēlasan*.", "grammar": { "*idou*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular - behold/look/see", "*erchontai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural - are coming", "*hēmerai*": "nominative plural feminine - days", "αἷς": "relative pronoun, dative plural feminine - which/whom", "*erousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will say", "*Makariai*": "nominative plural feminine - blessed/happy", "*steirai*": "nominative plural feminine - barren women", "*koiliai*": "nominative plural feminine - wombs", "*egennēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - gave birth/bore", "*mastoi*": "nominative plural masculine - breasts", "*ethēlasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - nursed/gave suck" }, "variants": { "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*erchontai*": "come/are coming", "*hēmerai*": "days/time", "*erousin*": "will say/speak", "*Makariai*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*steirai*": "barren women/sterile", "*koiliai*": "wombs/bellies", "*egennēsan*": "gave birth/bore/generated", "*mastoi*": "breasts/chest", "*ethēlasan*": "nursed/suckled/gave suck" } } 30 { "verseID": "Luke.23.30", "source": "Τότε ἄρξονται λέγειν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, Πέσετε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς· καὶ τοῖς βουνοῖς, Καλύψατε ἡμᾶς.", "text": "Then they-will-*arxontai* *legein* to-the *oresin*, *Pesete* upon us; and to-the *bounois*, *Kalypsate* us.", "grammar": { "*arxontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - will begin", "*legein*": "present active infinitive - to say/speak", "*oresin*": "dative plural neuter - to mountains", "*Pesete*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - fall", "ἡμᾶς": "accusative plural - us", "*bounois*": "dative plural masculine - to hills", "*Kalypsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - cover/hide" }, "variants": { "*arxontai*": "will begin/start", "*legein*": "to say/speak/tell", "*oresin*": "mountains", "*Pesete*": "fall/collapse", "*bounois*": "hills/mounds", "*Kalypsate*": "cover/hide/conceal" } } 31 { "verseID": "Luke.23.31", "source": "Ὅτι εἰ ἐν τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν, ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται;", "text": "For if in the *hygrō* *xylō* these-things they-*poiousin*, in the *xērō* what *genētai*?", "grammar": { "*hygrō*": "dative singular neuter - moist/green", "*xylō*": "dative singular neuter - wood/tree", "*poiousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they do/are doing", "*xērō*": "dative singular neuter - dry", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular - might happen/become" }, "variants": { "*hygrō*": "green/moist/living", "*xylō*": "wood/tree/timber", "*poiousin*": "do/make/perform", "*xērō*": "dry/withered", "*genētai*": "might happen/become/occur" } }
• Matt 24:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.21", "source": "Ἔσται γὰρ τότε θλῖψις μεγάλη, οἵα οὐ γέγονεν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κόσμου ἕως τοῦ νῦν, οὐδʼ, οὐ μὴ γένηται.", "text": "For *estai* then *thlipsis* *megalē*, such as not *gegonen* from *archēs* *kosmou* until the *nyn*, neither, not not *genētai*.", "grammar": { "*estai*": "future middle, 3rd person singular - will be", "*thlipsis*": "nominative feminine singular - tribulation/affliction", "*megalē*": "nominative feminine singular - great", "*gegonen*": "perfect active, 3rd person singular - has been/happened", "*archēs*": "genitive feminine singular - beginning", "*kosmou*": "genitive masculine singular - world", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*genētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might happen/occur" }, "variants": { "*estai*": "will be/shall be/will exist", "*thlipsis*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*megalē*": "great/large/intense", "*gegonen*": "has been/happened/occurred", "*archēs*": "beginning/origin", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/creation", "*nyn*": "now/present time", "*genētai*": "might happen/occur/take place" } }
• Luke 21:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "Luke.21.22", "source": "Ὅτι ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως αὗταί εἰσιν, τοῦ πλησθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα.", "text": "Because *hēmerai* *ekdikēseōs* these *eisin*, for *plēsthēnai* all the things *gegrammena*.", "grammar": { "*hēmerai*": "nominative feminine plural - days", "*ekdikēseōs*": "genitive feminine singular - vengeance", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*plēsthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be fulfilled", "*gegrammena*": "perfect passive participle, nominative neuter plural - having been written" }, "variants": { "*hēmerai*": "days/times", "*ekdikēseōs*": "vengeance/retribution/punishment", "*eisin*": "are/exist", "*plēsthēnai*": "to be fulfilled/to be accomplished/to be completed", "*gegrammena*": "having been written/things written" } } 23 { "verseID": "Luke.21.23", "source": "Οὐαὶ δὲ ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις, καὶ ταῖς θηλαζούσαις, ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις! ἔσται γὰρ ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὀργὴ ἐν τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ.", "text": "*Ouai* *de* to the ones in *gastri* *echousais*, *kai* to the ones *thēlazousais*, in those the *hēmerais*! *estai* *gar* *anankē* *megalē* upon the *gēs*, *kai* *orgē* in the *laō* this.", "grammar": { "*Ouai*": "interjection - woe", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*gastri*": "dative feminine singular - womb/belly", "*echousais*": "present active participle, dative feminine plural - having", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*thēlazousais*": "present active participle, dative feminine plural - nursing", "*hēmerais*": "dative feminine plural - days", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - for", "*anankē*": "nominative feminine singular - distress/necessity", "*megalē*": "nominative feminine singular - great", "*gēs*": "genitive feminine singular - earth/land", "*orgē*": "nominative feminine singular - wrath", "*laō*": "dative masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*Ouai*": "woe/alas", "*de*": "and/but/now", "*gastri*": "womb/belly/pregnancy", "*echousais*": "having/being pregnant", "*thēlazousais*": "nursing/breastfeeding", "*hēmerais*": "days/times", "*estai*": "will be/shall be", "*gar*": "for/because/indeed", "*anankē*": "distress/necessity/calamity", "*megalē*": "great/severe/large", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*orgē*": "wrath/anger", "*laō*": "people/nation" } }
• Isa 13:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.13", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Therefore *šāmayim* *ʾargîz* *wə*-*tirʿaš* the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*məqômāh* in-*ʿeḇraṯ* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *û*-in-*yôm* *ḥărôn* *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*ʾargîz*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make tremble", "*wəṯirʿaš*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will shake", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the earth/land", "*mimməqômāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her place", "*bəʿeḇraṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - in the wrath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies", "*ûḇəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and in the day of", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril" }, "variants": { "*ʾargîz*": "I will make tremble/cause to quake/shake", "*tirʿaš*": "will shake/quake/tremble", "*məqômāh*": "her place/her position/her site", "*ʿeḇraṯ*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow", "*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/heat of his nostril/his fierce wrath" } }
• Jer 18:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.16", "source": "לָשׂ֥וּם אַרְצָ֛ם לְשַׁמָּ֖ה *שרוקת **שְׁרִיק֣וֹת עוֹלָ֑ם כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֖ם וְיָנִ֥יד בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "To *lāśûm* their land to *šammāh* *šĕrîqôt* *ʿôlām*; all who *ʿôbēr* by it *yiššōm* and *yānîd* his head", "grammar": { "*lāśûm*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to make/set", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/horror", "*šĕrîqôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hissing/derision of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/lasting", "*ʿôbēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*yiššōm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be appalled", "*yānîd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will shake/wag" }, "variants": { "*lāśûm*": "to make/set/establish", "*šammāh*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*šĕrîqôt*": "hissing/derision/scorn", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/everlasting/perpetual", "*ʿôbēr*": "passing by/crossing over", "*yiššōm*": "will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yānîd*": "will shake/wag/nod" } }
• Jer 30:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.24", "source": "לֹ֣א יָשׁ֗וּב חֲרוֹן֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־עֲשֹׂת֥וֹ וְעַד־הֲקִימ֖וֹ מְזִמּ֣וֹת לִבּ֑וֹ בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִ֖ים תִּתְבּ֥וֹנְנוּ בָֽהּ", "text": "Not *yāšûḇ* *ḥărôn* *ʾap̄-Yhwh* until-*ʿăśōṯô* and-until-*hăqîmô* *mᵉzimmôṯ* *libbô* in-*ʾaḥărîṯ* the-*yāmîm* *tiṯbônᵉnû* in-it", "grammar": { "*yāšûḇ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will return/turn back", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular construct noun - burning of", "*ʾap̄-Yhwh*": "masculine singular noun construct + proper noun - anger of Yahweh", "*ʿăśōṯô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his doing/executing", "*hăqîmô*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his establishing/fulfilling", "*mᵉzimmôṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - purposes/plans of", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ʾaḥărîṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - end/latter part of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days", "*tiṯbônᵉnû*": "hithpolel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will understand" }, "variants": { "*yāšûḇ*": "will return/turn back/cease", "*ḥărôn*": "burning/fierce heat/anger of", "*ʿăśōṯô*": "his doing/executing/accomplishing", "*hăqîmô*": "his establishing/fulfilling/confirming", "*mᵉzimmôṯ*": "purposes/plans/intentions of", "*ʾaḥărîṯ*": "end/latter part/future of", "*tiṯbônᵉnû*": "you will understand/perceive/consider" } }
• Lam 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.13", "source": "מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "What-*ʾăʿîḏēḵ* what *ʾăḏammeh*-to-you the-daughter *yərûšālaim* what *ʾašweh*-to-you and-*ʾănaḥămēḵ* virgin daughter-*ṣiyyôn* for-great like-*yām* *šiḇrēḵ* who *yirpāʾ*-to-you", "grammar": { "*mâ-ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "interrogative + hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what shall I testify to you", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾăḏammeh-lāḵ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I compare to you", "*habbaṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular construct - O daughter", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾašweh-lāḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I liken to you", "*waʾănaḥămēḵ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - that I may comfort you", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*kî-ḡāḏôl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - for great", "*kayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the sea", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your destruction/breach", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yirpāʾ-lāḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - will heal you" }, "variants": { "*ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "testify to/bear witness to/admonish", "*ʾăḏammeh*": "compare/liken/think", "*ʾašweh*": "make equal/compare/liken", "*ʾănaḥămēḵ*": "comfort/console", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "virgin/maiden", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "breach/breaking/destruction/ruin", "*yirpāʾ*": "heal/cure/repair" } }
• Lam 4:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.6", "source": "וַיִּגְדַּל֙ עֲוֺ֣ן בַּת־עַמִּ֔י מֵֽחַטַּ֖את סְדֹ֑ם הַֽהֲפוּכָ֣ה כְמוֹ־רָ֔גַע וְלֹא־חָ֥לוּ בָ֖הּ יָדָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayyiḡdal* *ʿăwōn bat-ʿammî* than *ḥaṭṭaʾt səḏōm*, the *hăp̄ûḵâ* like *rāḡaʿ* and not *ḥālû* in her *yāḏāyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḡdal*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it became great", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*mē-ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "preposition comparative + feminine singular construct - than the sin of", "*səḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ha-hăp̄ûḵâ*": "definite feminine singular Qal passive participle - the one overthrown", "*kəmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*rāḡaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - moment/instant", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥālû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they remained/waited", "*ḇāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her/against her", "*yāḏāyim*": "feminine dual noun - hands" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḡdal*": "became great/increased/grew", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/punishment for iniquity/guilt", "*ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "sin/sin-offering/punishment for sin", "*hăp̄ûḵâ*": "overthrown/overturned/destroyed", "*rāḡaʿ*": "moment/instant/suddenly", "*ḥālû*": "remained/waited/labored" } } 7 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.7", "source": "זַכּ֤וּ נְזִירֶ֙יהָ֙ מִשֶּׁ֔לֶג צַח֖וּ מֵחָלָ֑ב אָ֤דְמוּ עֶ֙צֶם֙ מִפְּנִינִ֔ים סַפִּ֖יר גִּזְרָתָֽם׃", "text": "*Zakkû* her *nəzîrehā* more than *šeleḡ*, *ṣaḥû* more than *ḥālāḇ*; *ʾāḏmû* *ʿeṣem* more than *pənînîm*, *sappîr* their *gizrāṯām*", "grammar": { "*zakkû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were pure/clean", "*nəzîrehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her consecrated ones/nobles", "*mi-šeleḡ*": "preposition comparative + masculine singular noun - than snow", "*ṣaḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were bright/white", "*mē-ḥālāḇ*": "preposition comparative + masculine singular noun - than milk", "*ʾāḏmû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were red", "*ʿeṣem*": "feminine singular construct - bone/substance/body", "*mi-pənînîm*": "preposition comparative + feminine plural noun - than corals/rubies", "*sappîr*": "masculine singular noun - sapphire/lapis lazuli", "*gizrāṯām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their form/appearance" }, "variants": { "*zakkû*": "were pure/were clean/were bright", "*nəzîrehā*": "her consecrated ones/her princes/her nobles", "*ṣaḥû*": "were white/were bright/were dazzling", "*ʾāḏmû*": "were red/were ruddy", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone/body/substance", "*pənînîm*": "corals/rubies/precious stones", "*sappîr*": "sapphire/lapis lazuli/blue gemstone", "*gizrāṯām*": "their polishing/their form/their appearance" } } 8 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.8", "source": "חָשַׁ֤ךְ מִשְּׁחוֹר֙ תָּֽאֳרָ֔ם לֹ֥א נִכְּר֖וּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת צָפַ֤ד עוֹרָם֙ עַל־עַצְמָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה כָעֵֽץ׃", "text": "*Ḥāšaḵ* from *šəḥôr* their *tāʾŏrām*, not *nikkərû* in the *ḥûṣôt*; *ṣāp̄aḏ* their *ʿôrām* on their *ʿaṣmām*, *yāḇēš* it is like the *ʿēṣ*", "grammar": { "*ḥāšaḵ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is dark/black", "*mi-ššəḥôr*": "preposition + definite masculine singular noun - from blackness", "*tāʾŏrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their appearance/form", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nikkərû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are recognized", "*ba-ḥûṣôt*": "preposition + definite feminine plural noun - in the streets", "*ṣāp̄aḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it shrivels/clings", "*ʿôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their skin", "*ʿal-ʿaṣmām*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their bones", "*yāḇēš*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is dry", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is/was", "*kā-ʿēṣ*": "preposition + definite masculine singular noun - like the wood/tree" }, "variants": { "*ḥāšaḵ*": "is dark/is black/is gloomy", "*šəḥôr*": "blackness/soot/darkness", "*tāʾŏrām*": "their appearance/their form/their visage", "*nikkərû*": "are recognized/are known/are distinguished", "*ṣāp̄aḏ*": "shrivels/clings/sticks", "*yāḇēš*": "is dry/is withered/is parched", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber" } } 9 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.9", "source": "טוֹבִ֤ים הָיוּ֙ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵֽחַלְלֵ֖י רָעָ֑ב שֶׁ֣הֵ֤ם יָז֙וּבוּ֙ מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים מִתְּנוּבֹ֖ת שָׂדָֽי׃", "text": "*Ṭôḇîm* were *ḥallê-ḥereḇ* than *ḥallê rāʿāḇ*; for they *yāzûḇû* *məḏuqqārîm* from *tənûḇōṯ śāḏāy*", "grammar": { "*ṭôḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good/better", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were", "*ḥallê*": "masculine plural construct - slain of", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*mē-ḥallê*": "preposition comparative + masculine plural construct - than slain of", "*rāʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - hunger/famine", "*še-hēm*": "relative particle + 3rd masculine plural pronoun - for they", "*yāzûḇû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they flow out", "*məḏuqqārîm*": "masculine plural Pual participle - pierced/stabbed", "*mi-tənûḇōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from produce of", "*śāḏāy*": "masculine singular noun - field" }, "variants": { "*ṭôḇîm*": "better/more fortunate/happier", "*ḥallê*": "slain ones/pierced ones/wounded ones", "*yāzûḇû*": "flow out/waste away/pine away", "*məḏuqqārîm*": "pierced/stabbed/thrust through", "*tənûḇōṯ*": "produce/yield/fruits", "*śāḏāy*": "field/land/countryside" } } 10 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.10", "source": "יְדֵ֗י נָשִׁים֙ רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת בִּשְּׁל֖וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן הָי֤וּ לְבָרוֹת֙ לָ֔מוֹ בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃", "text": "The *yəḏê nāšîm raḥămāniyyôṯ* *biššəlû* their *yalḏêhen*; they were *ləḇārôṯ* to them in the *šeḇer bat-ʿammî*", "grammar": { "*yəḏê*": "feminine dual construct - hands of", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*raḥămāniyyôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - compassionate/merciful", "*biššəlû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they boiled/cooked", "*yalḏêhen*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their children", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were", "*ləḇārôṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - for food/for nourishment", "*lāmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix (poetic) - to them/for them", "*bə-šeḇer*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the destruction/breaking of", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people" }, "variants": { "*raḥămāniyyôṯ*": "compassionate/tender-hearted/merciful", "*biššəlû*": "boiled/cooked/simmered", "*ləḇārôṯ*": "for food/for meals/for sustenance", "*šeḇer*": "destruction/breaking/ruin" } } 11 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.11", "source": "כִּלָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־חֲמָת֔וֹ שָׁפַ֖ךְ חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ וַיַּצֶּת־אֵ֣שׁ בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וַתֹּ֖אכַל יְסוֹדֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Killâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ-ḥămāṯô*, *šāp̄aḵ* *ḥărôn ʾappô*; and *wayyaṣṣeṯ-ʾēš* in *ṣîyyôn*, and *wattōʾḵal yəsôḏōṯehā*", "grammar": { "*killâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has completed/finished", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ-ḥămāṯô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath/fury", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he poured out", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nose", "*wayyaṣṣeṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he kindled", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*bə-ṣîyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*wattōʾḵal*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it devoured", "*yəsôḏōṯehā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her foundations" }, "variants": { "*killâ*": "completed/finished/accomplished", "*ḥămāṯô*": "his wrath/his fury/his rage", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "poured out/spilled/emptied", "*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/fierceness of his wrath/heat of his anger", "*wayyaṣṣeṯ*": "kindled/ignited/set", "*wattōʾḵal*": "devoured/consumed/ate" } }