Lam 2:1-7 : 1 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.1",
"source": "אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "How *yāʿîb* in-*ʾap* his *ʾăḏōnāy* *ʾeṯ*-daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *hišlîḵ* from-*šāmayim* to-*ʾereṣ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* and-not-*zāḵar* footstool-*raḡlāyw* in-day *ʾappô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēîḵâ*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*yāʿîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has darkened/clouded",
"*bəʾappô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his anger",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion",
"*hišlîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast down",
"*miššāmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heaven",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/beauty of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wəlōʾ-zāḵar*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has not remembered",
"*hăḏōm-raḡlāyw*": "construct chain + 3rd masculine singular suffix - footstool of his feet",
"*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʿîb*": "darken/bring darkness/cover with clouds/make gloomy",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign",
"*hišlîḵ*": "cast down/throw down/fling down",
"*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens",
"*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "beauty/glory/splendor/ornament",
"*zāḵar*": "remember/recall/call to mind",
"*hăḏōm*": "footstool/supporting platform"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.2",
"source": "בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י *לא **וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*billaʿ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and-not *ḥāmal* *ʾēṯ* all-*nəʾôṯ* *yaʿăqōḇ* *hāras* in-*ʿeḇrāṯô* *miḇṣərê* daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *higgîaʿ* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥillēl* *mamlāḵâ* and-*śārêhā*",
"grammar": {
"*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up/devoured",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ḥāmal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spared/pitied",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-nəʾôṯ*": "construct chain - all dwellings/pastures of",
"*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob",
"*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has torn down/destroyed",
"*bəʿeḇrāṯô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his wrath",
"*miḇṣərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fortresses/strongholds of",
"*baṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "construct chain - daughter of Judah",
"*higgîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has brought down/made touch",
"*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground",
"*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has profaned/defiled",
"*mamlāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom",
"*wəśārêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her princes/officials"
},
"variants": {
"*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy",
"*ḥāmal*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "dwellings/habitations/pastures",
"*hāras*": "tear down/break down/destroy/overthrow",
"*ʿeḇrāṯô*": "wrath/rage/fury/overflow of anger",
"*miḇṣərê*": "fortresses/strongholds/fortified places",
"*higgîaʿ*": "bring down to/make touch/reach",
"*ḥillēl*": "profane/defile/pollute/desecrate"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.3",
"source": "גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃",
"text": "*gāḏaʿ* in-*ḥorî* *ʾap̄* all *qeren* *yiśrāʾēl* *hēšîḇ* *ʾāḥôr* *yəmînô* from-*pənê* *ʾôyēḇ* and-*wayyiḇʿar* in-*yaʿăqōḇ* like-*ʾēš* *lehāḇâ* *ʾāḵlâ* *sāḇîḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*gāḏaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cut off/hewn down",
"*bāḥorî-ʾap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - in fierce anger",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hēšîḇ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has drawn back/withdrawn",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward",
"*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand",
"*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/from the face of",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy",
"*wayyiḇʿar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has burned",
"*bəyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob",
"*kəʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire",
"*lehāḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - flame",
"*ʾāḵlâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured",
"*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding"
},
"variants": {
"*gāḏaʿ*": "cut off/cut down/hew down/break",
"*ḥorî-ʾap̄*": "burning anger/fierce anger/heat of anger",
"*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might",
"*hēšîḇ*": "turn back/withdraw/draw back/return",
"*yəmînô*": "right hand/right side/south",
"*wayyiḇʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle/be kindled",
"*lehāḇâ*": "flame/blaze/flashing blade",
"*ʾāḵlâ*": "devour/consume/eat"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.4",
"source": "דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*dāraḵ* *qaštô* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *niṣṣāḇ* *yəmînô* like-*ṣār* and-*wayyahărōḡ* all *maḥămaddê*-*ʿāyin* in-*ʾōhel* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *šāp̄aḵ* like-*ʾēš* *ḥămāṯô*",
"grammar": {
"*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has bent/drawn",
"*qaštô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow",
"*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy",
"*niṣṣāḇ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stationed/positioned himself",
"*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand",
"*kəṣār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an adversary",
"*wayyahărōḡ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has slain",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every",
"*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "construct chain - pleasant things to the eye/delights of the eye",
"*bəʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the tent of",
"*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion",
"*šāp̄aḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has poured out",
"*kāʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire",
"*ḥămāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury"
},
"variants": {
"*dāraḵ*": "bend/draw/tread/march",
"*niṣṣāḇ*": "station oneself/take a stand/be positioned",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor",
"*wayyahărōḡ*": "kill/slay/murder",
"*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "delights of the eye/pleasant things to see/visually pleasing things",
"*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.5",
"source": "הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "*hāyâ* *ʾăḏōnāy* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *billaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* *billaʿ* all-*ʾarmənôṯêhā* *šiḥēṯ* *miḇṣārāyw* and-*wayyereḇ* in-daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *taʾăniyyâ* and-*ʾăniyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has become",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord",
"*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy",
"*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up",
"*kol-ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "construct chain + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all her palaces",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed",
"*miḇṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strongholds",
"*wayyereḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has multiplied",
"*bəḇaṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "preposition + construct chain - in daughter of Judah",
"*taʾăniyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mourning",
"*waʾăniyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and moaning"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyâ*": "become/come to pass/occur/happen",
"*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil",
"*wayyereḇ*": "multiply/increase/make great",
"*taʾăniyyâ*": "mourning/lamentation/sorrow",
"*ʾăniyyâ*": "moaning/groaning/sighing/lamentation"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.6",
"source": "וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן׃",
"text": "And-*wayaḥmōs* like-*gan* *śukkô* *šiḥēṯ* *môʿăḏô* *šikkaḥ* *YHWH* in-*ṣiyyôn* *môʿēḏ* and-*šabbāṯ* and-*wayyinʾaṣ* in-*zaʿam*-*ʾappô* *meleḵ* and-*ḵōhēn*",
"grammar": {
"*wayaḥmōs*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has violently taken away",
"*kaggan*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like a garden",
"*śukkô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his booth/tabernacle",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed",
"*môʿăḏô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his appointed place/meeting place",
"*šikkaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has caused to forget",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion",
"*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival",
"*wəšabbāṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and Sabbath",
"*wayyinʾaṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has spurned",
"*bəzaʿam-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in the indignation of his anger",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*wəḵōhēn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and priest"
},
"variants": {
"*wayaḥmōs*": "violently take away/treat violently/do violence to",
"*gan*": "garden/enclosure",
"*śukkô*": "booth/pavilion/tabernacle/shelter",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil",
"*môʿăḏô*": "appointed place/meeting place/assembly place",
"*šikkaḥ*": "cause to forget/make forget",
"*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/appointed place/festival/assembly",
"*wayyinʾaṣ*": "spurn/reject/despise/treat with contempt",
"*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/rage/fury"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.2.7",
"source": "זָנַ֨ח אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ מִזְבְּחוֹ֙ נִאֵ֣ר מִקְדָּשׁ֔וֹ הִסְגִּיר֙ בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֔ב חוֹמֹ֖ת אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ ק֛וֹל נָתְנ֥וּ בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה כְּי֥וֹם מוֹעֵֽד׃",
"text": "*zānaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *mizḇəḥô* *niʾēr* *miqdāšô* *hisgîr* in-hand-*ʾôyēḇ* *ḥômōṯ* *ʾarmənôṯêhā* *qôl* *nāṯənû* in-house-*YHWH* like-day *môʿēḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*zānaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has rejected",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord",
"*mizḇəḥô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his altar",
"*niʾēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spurned/disowned",
"*miqdāšô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sanctuary",
"*hisgîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has delivered up/given over",
"*bəyaḏ-ʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + qal participle, masculine singular - into the hand of the enemy",
"*ḥômōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - walls of",
"*ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound",
"*nāṯənû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given/raised",
"*bəḇêṯ-YHWH*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - in the house of the LORD",
"*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the day of",
"*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed festival"
},
"variants": {
"*zānaḥ*": "reject/abandon/cast away",
"*niʾēr*": "spurn/reject/refuse/disown",
"*hisgîr*": "deliver up/hand over/shut in/enclose",
"*ḥômōṯ*": "walls/ramparts/defenses",
"*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise"
}
}