Nahum 2:10

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Nahum.2.10", "source": "בֹּ֥זּוּ כֶ֖סֶף בֹּ֣זּוּ זָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַתְּכוּנָ֔ה כָּבֹ֕ד מִכֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃", "text": "*Bōzzû* *kesep* *bōzzû* *zāhāb*, and there is no *qēṣeh* to the *təkûnāh*, *kābōd* from all *kəlî* *ḥemdāh*.", "grammar": { "*Bōzzû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - plunder/take as spoil", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*bōzzû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - plunder/take as spoil", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*qēṣeh*": "noun, masculine singular - end/limit", "*təkûnāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - store/supply/arrangement", "*kābōd*": "noun, masculine singular - abundance/glory/weight", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessels/instruments of", "*ḥemdāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desire/desirable things" }, "variants": { "*Bōzzû*": "plunder/take as spoil/seize", "*qēṣeh*": "end/limit/boundary", "*təkûnāh*": "store/supply/arrangement/treasure", "*kābōd*": "abundance/glory/wealth/weight", "*kəlî*": "vessels/instruments/objects", "*ḥemdāh*": "desire/desirable/precious things/delight" } }

Additional Resources

Other Translations

  • Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

    Plunder the silver! Plunder the gold! The supply is endless, the abundance of all treasures.

  • King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

    She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.

  • KJV1611 – Modern English

    She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melts, and the knees strike together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather paleness.

  • King James Version 1611 (Original)

    She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.

  • American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

    She is empty,{H950} and void,{H4003} and waste;{H1110} and the heart{H3820} melteth,{H4549} and the knees{H1290} smite together,{H6375} and anguish{H2479} is in all loins,{H4975} and the faces{H6440} of them all are waxed{H6908} pale.{H6289}

  • King James Version with Strong's Numbers

    She is empty{H950}, and void{H4003}, and waste{H1110}{(H8794)}: and the heart{H3820} melteth{H4549}{(H8738)}, and the knees{H1290} smite together{H6375}, and much pain{H2479} is in all loins{H4975}, and the faces{H6440} of them all gather{H6908}{(H8765)} blackness{H6289}.

  • Coverdale Bible (1535)

    Thus must she be spoyled, emptied & clene striped out: that their hertes maye be melted awaye, their knees treble, all their loynes be weake, and their faces blacke as a pot.

  • Geneva Bible (1560)

    She is emptie and voyde and waste, and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and sorowe is in all loynes, and the faces of the all gather blackenesse.

  • Bishops' Bible (1568)

    Sacking, resacking, rasing, a dissolued heart and collision of knees, sorow in all loynes also, and the faces of them all as blacke as a pot.

  • Authorized King James Version (1611)

    She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain [is] in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.

  • Webster's Bible (1833)

    She is empty, void, and waste. The heart melts, the knees knock together, their bodies and faces have grown pale.

  • Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

    She is empty, yea, emptiness and waste, And the heart hath melted, And the knees have smitten together, And great pain `is' in all loins, And the faces of all of them have gathered paleness.

  • American Standard Version (1901)

    She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and anguish is in all loins, and the faces of them all are waxed pale.

  • American Standard Version (1901)

    She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and anguish is in all loins, and the faces of them all are waxed pale.

  • Bible in Basic English (1941)

    Take silver, take gold; for there is no end to the store; take for yourselves a weight of things to be desired.

  • World English Bible (2000)

    She is empty, void, and waste. The heart melts, the knees knock together, their bodies and faces have grown pale.

  • NET Bible® (New English Translation)

    Destruction, devastation, and desolation! Hearts faint; knees tremble; every stomach churns, all their faces have turned pale!

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 22:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.22.14", "source": "פָּצ֣וּ עָלַ֣י פִּיהֶ֑ם אַ֝רְיֵ֗ה טֹרֵ֥ף וְשֹׁאֵֽג׃", "text": "*pāṣû* upon-me *pîhem* *ʾaryēh* *ṭōrēp* and-*šōʾēg*", "grammar": { "*pāṣû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - 'they opened wide'", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their mouth'", "*ʾaryēh*": "noun, masculine singular - 'lion'", "*ṭōrēp*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - 'tearing/rending'", "*šōʾēg*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - 'roaring'" }, "variants": { "*pāṣû*": "they opened wide/gaped/stretched open", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion/predator", "*ṭōrēp*": "tearing/rending/ravening", "*šōʾēg*": "roaring/bellowing" } }
  • Joel 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Joel.2.6", "source": "מִפָּנָ֖יו יָחִ֣ילוּ עַמִּ֑ים כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃", "text": "From-*pānāyw* *yāḥîlû* *ʿammîm* all-*pānîm* *qibbetsû* *pāʾrûr*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they writhe/they are in anguish", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*qibbetsû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they gather/collect", "*pāʾrûr*": "masculine singular noun - glow/redness/paleness" }, "variants": { "*yāḥîlû*": "they writhe/they are in anguish/they tremble", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*qibbetsû*": "they gather/collect/draw in", "*pāʾrûr*": "glow/redness/paleness/blackness" } }
  • Zeph 2:13-15 : 13 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.13", "source": "וְיֵ֤ט יָדוֹ֙ עַל־צָפ֔וֹן וִֽיאַבֵּ֖ד אֶת־אַשּׁ֑וּר וְיָשֵׂ֤ם אֶת־נִֽינְוֵה֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה צִיָּ֖ה כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And-*yēṭ yādô ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn wîʾabbēd ʾeth-ʾaššûr wəyāśēm ʾeth-nînəwēh lišəmāmâ ṣiyyâ kammidbar*", "grammar": { "*yēṭ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will stretch out", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - against north", "*wîʾabbēd*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will destroy", "*ʾeth-ʾaššûr*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Assyria", "*wəyāśēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will make", "*ʾeth-nînəwēh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nineveh", "*lišəmāmâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation", "*ṣiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dry/parched region", "*kammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*yēṭ yādô*": "stretch out his hand/extend his hand", "*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "against the north/against the northern kingdom", "*wîʾabbēd*": "and destroy/and cause to perish", "*lišəmāmâ*": "for desolation/for waste/for horror", "*ṣiyyâ*": "dry land/parched ground/drought" } } 14 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.14", "source": "וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־ג֔וֹי גַּם־קָאַת֙ גַּם־קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃", "text": "And-*rāḇəṣû ḇəthôḵāh ʿădārîm kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy gam-qāʾath gam-qippōd bəḵap̄tōrêhā yālînû qôl yəšôrēr baḥallôn ḥōreḇ bassap̄ kî ʾarzâ ʿērâ*", "grammar": { "*rāḇəṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will lie down", "*ḇəthôḵāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*ʿădārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flocks/herds", "*kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "noun construct chain: all + living thing of + nation", "*gam-qāʾath*": "adverb + noun, feminine singular - also pelican", "*gam-qippōd*": "adverb + noun, masculine singular - also hedgehog/porcupine", "*bəḵap̄tōrêhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her capitals (of columns)", "*yālînû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lodge", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*yəšôrēr*": "polel participle, masculine singular - singing/one who sings", "*baḥallôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the window", "*ḥōreḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - desolation/waste", "*bassap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the threshold", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾarzâ*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - cedar work", "*ʿērâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has laid bare/exposed" }, "variants": { "*rāḇəṣû*": "lie down/rest/make their lair", "*ʿădārîm*": "flocks/herds", "*ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "beasts of the nation/wild animals", "*qāʾath*": "pelican/desert owl", "*qippōd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*kap̄tōrêhā*": "capitals (of columns)/tops of pillars", "*yəšôrēr*": "singing/will sing", "*ḥōreḇ*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*ʾarzâ*": "cedar work/cedar paneling", "*ʿērâ*": "laid bare/exposed/uncovered" } } 15 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.15", "source": "זֹ֞את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "This the-*ʿîr hāʿallîzâ hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ hāʾōmərâ bilḇāḇāh ʾănî wəʾap̄sî ʿôd ʾêḵ hāyəthâ ləšammâ marbēṣ laḥayyâ kōl ʿôḇēr ʿālêhā yišrōq yānîaʿ yādô*", "grammar": { "*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*hāʿallîzâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the joyous/exultant", "*hayyôšeḇeth*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one sitting/dwelling", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in security/confidence", "*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*wəʾap̄sî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my end/there is none but me", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/horror", "*marbēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - resting place of", "*laḥayyâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the beast", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every/all", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - over her", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*yānîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will shake/wag", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hāʿallîzâ*": "joyous/exultant/jubilant", "*hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ*": "dwelling securely/sitting confidently", "*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/there is none besides me/no one else", "*ləšammâ*": "for desolation/for horror/for waste", "*marbēṣ*": "resting place/lair/den", "*yišrōq*": "hiss/whistle (in derision)", "*yānîaʿ yādô*": "shake his hand/wave his hand (in mockery)" } }
  • Dan 5:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Daniel.5.6", "source": "אֱדַ֤יִן מַלְכָּא֙ זִיוֺ֣הִי שְׁנ֔וֹהִי וְרַעיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלוּנֵּ֑הּ וְקִטְרֵ֤י חַרְצֵהּ֙ מִשְׁתָּרַ֔יִן וְאַ֨רְכֻבָּתֵ֔הּ דָּ֥א לְדָ֖א נָֽקְשָֽׁן׃", "text": "*ʾĕdayin* *malkāʾ* *zîwōhî* *šĕnôhî* *wĕraʿyōnōhî* *yĕbahălûnēhh* *wĕqiṭrēy* *ḥarṣēhh* *mištārayin* *wĕʾarkubbātēhh* *dāʾ* *lĕdāʾ* *nāqĕšān*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕdayin*": "temporal adverb - then/at that time", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the king", "*zîwōhî*": "noun + possessive suffix - his brightness/countenance", "*šĕnôhî*": "verb, perfect 3rd plural + object suffix - changed on him", "*wĕraʿyōnōhî*": "conjunction + noun plural + possessive suffix - and his thoughts", "*yĕbahălûnēhh*": "verb, imperfect 3rd plural + object suffix - they terrified him", "*wĕqiṭrēy*": "conjunction + noun plural construct - and the joints of", "*ḥarṣēhh*": "noun + possessive suffix - his loins/hips", "*mištārayin*": "verb, participle feminine plural - were loosening/being loosened", "*wĕʾarkubbātēhh*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural + possessive suffix - and his knees", "*dāʾ* *lĕdāʾ*": "demonstrative + preposition + demonstrative - this to/against this", "*nāqĕšān*": "verb, participle feminine plural - knocking/striking" }, "variants": { "*zîwōhî*": "his countenance/his appearance/his face", "*šĕnôhî*": "changed/altered on him", "*yĕbahălûnēhh*": "alarmed him/terrified him/troubled him", "*qiṭrēy*": "joints/ligaments/connections", "*ḥarṣēhh*": "his loins/his hips/his waist", "*mištārayin*": "were loosening/were relaxing/were coming apart", "*dāʾ* *lĕdāʾ*": "this against this/one against another" } }
  • Isa 13:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.7", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃", "text": "Therefore all-*yāḏayim* *tirpênāh* and-all-*ləḇaḇ* *ʾĕnôš* *yimmās*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this", "*kol-yāḏayim*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, dual - all hands", "*tirpênāh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will go limp/become feeble", "*wəḵol-ləḇaḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and every heart of", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/human", "*yimmās*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will melt/dissolve" }, "variants": { "*tirpênāh*": "will go limp/become feeble/grow weak/fail", "*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/human/man/mortal", "*yimmās*": "will melt/dissolve/lose courage" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.8", "source": "וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*niḇhālû* *ṣîrîm* *wa*-*ḥăḇālîm* *yōʾḥēzûn* like-the-*yôlēḏāh* *yəḥîlûn* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *yiṯmāhû* *pənê* *ləhāḇîm* *pənêhem*", "grammar": { "*wəniḇhālû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be dismayed/terrified", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - pangs/labor pains", "*waḥăḇālîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and pains/birth pangs", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will seize/grasp", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - like the woman giving birth", "*yəḥîlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will writhe/be in anguish", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one", "*ʾel-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his neighbor/companion", "*yiṯmāhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be astonished/amazed", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - faces of", "*ləhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - flames", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces" }, "variants": { "*niḇhālû*": "will be dismayed/terrified/alarmed/panic", "*ṣîrîm*": "pangs/labor pains/distress", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "pains/birth pangs/sorrows", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of", "*yəḥîlûn*": "will writhe/be in anguish/twist in pain", "*yiṯmāhû*": "will be astonished/amazed/look in horror", "*pənê ləhāḇîm pənêhem*": "their faces are faces of flames/their faces are flushed" } }
  • Isa 21:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃", "text": "upon-thus *mālə'ū* my *motnay* *ḥalḥālāh* *ṣîrîm* *'aḥazūnî* like *ṣîrê* *yôlēdāh* *na'awêtî* from *šəmōa'* *nibhaltî* from *rə'ôt*", "grammar": { "*mālə'ū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they are filled/became full", "*motnay*": "noun, masculine dual with 1st person singular suffix - my loins/waist", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - anguish/writhing pain", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pangs/pains", "*'aḥazūnî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural with 1st person singular suffix - they seized me", "*ṣîrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - pangs of", "*yôlēdāh*": "verb participle, qal active, feminine singular - woman giving birth", "*na'awêtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am bent/twisted/distorted", "*šəmōa'*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from hearing", "*nibhaltî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am terrified/dismayed", "*rə'ôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from seeing" }, "variants": { "*ḥalḥālāh*": "anguish/writhing/cramps/pain", "*na'awêtî*": "I am bent over/I am twisted/I am distorted", "*nibhaltî*": "I am terrified/I am dismayed/I am overwhelmed with fear" } }
  • Isa 24:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } }
  • Isa 34:10-15 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.10", "source": "לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*laylâ* *wĕyômām* *lōʾ* *tikbeh* *lĕʿôlām* *yaʿăleh* *ʿăšānāh* *middôr* *lādôr* *teḥĕrāb* *lĕnēṣaḥ* *nĕṣāḥîm* *ʾên* *ʿōbēr* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*laylâ*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*wĕyômām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and day", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be extinguished/quenched", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*ʿăšānāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its smoke", "*middôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from generation", "*lādôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*teḥĕrāb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be desolate/waste", "*lĕnēṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for perpetuity", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - perpetuities/eternities", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*yômām*": "day/daytime", "*tikbeh*": "will be extinguished/will be quenched/will go out", "*lĕʿôlām*": "forever/for eternity/for all time", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will ascend/will rise", "*ʿăšānāh*": "its smoke/its vapor", "*middôr*": "from generation", "*lādôr*": "to generation/to age", "*teḥĕrāb*": "will be desolate/will be waste/will be in ruins", "*nēṣaḥ*": "perpetuity/eternity/forever", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "perpetuities/eternities/forevers", "*ʿōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.11", "source": "וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wîrēšûhā* *qāʾat* *wĕqippôd* *wĕyanšôp* *wĕʿōrēb* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh* *wĕnāṭâ* *ʿālêhā* *qaw*-*tōhû* *wĕʾabnê*-*bōhû*", "grammar": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will possess it", "*qāʾat*": "feminine singular noun - pelican", "*wĕqippôd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and hedgehog/porcupine", "*wĕyanšôp*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and owl", "*wĕʿōrēb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and raven", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wĕnāṭâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will stretch out", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - over it", "*qaw*": "masculine singular construct - line of", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - chaos/emptiness", "*wĕʾabnê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and stones of", "*bōhû*": "masculine singular noun - void/emptiness" }, "variants": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "will possess it/will inherit it/will take possession of it", "*qāʾat*": "pelican/desert owl/cormorant", "*qippôd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*yanšôp*": "owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow", "*yiškĕnû*": "will dwell/will inhabit/will reside", "*nāṭâ*": "will stretch out/will extend/will measure", "*qaw*": "line/measuring line/cord", "*tōhû*": "chaos/emptiness/waste/formlessness", "*ʾabnê*": "stones/weights", "*bōhû*": "void/emptiness/desolation" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.13", "source": "וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕʿālĕtâ* *ʾarmĕnōtêhā* *sîrîm* *qimmôś* *wāḥôaḥ* *bĕmibṣārêhā* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *nĕwēh* *tannîm* *ḥāṣîr* *libnôt* *yaʿănâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿālĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will grow/come up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its citadels/palaces", "*sîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/briars", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - nettle/thorny weed", "*wāḥôaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and thistle/thorn", "*bĕmibṣārêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in its fortresses", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular construct - habitation of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals/dragons", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grass/enclosure", "*libnôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - for daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʿālĕtâ*": "will grow/will come up/will spring up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "its citadels/its palaces/its fortified towers", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*qimmôś*": "nettle/thorny weed/wild weeds", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thistle/thorn/bramble", "*mibṣārêhā*": "its fortresses/its strongholds", "*nĕwēh*": "habitation/dwelling place/pasture", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/wolves", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/court/enclosure", "*banôt*": "daughters", "*yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.14", "source": "וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃", "text": "*ûpāgĕšû* *ṣiyyîm* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyîm* *wĕśāʿîr* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *yiqrāʾ* *ʾak*-*šām* *hirgîʿâ* *lîlît* *ûmāṣĕʾâ* *lāh* *mānôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ûpāgĕšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will meet", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures", "*wĕśāʿîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and he-goat/satyr", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will call", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hirgîʿâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will rest/settle", "*lîlît*": "feminine singular noun - Lilith/night creature", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will find", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - resting place" }, "variants": { "*pāgĕšû*": "will meet/will encounter/will confront", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/hyenas/jackals", "*śāʿîr*": "he-goat/satyr/hairy one/demon", "*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/his neighbor/his fellow", "*yiqrāʾ*": "will call/will cry out/will proclaim", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hirgîʿâ*": "will rest/will settle/will find repose", "*lîlît*": "Lilith/night creature/night monster", "*māṣĕʾâ*": "will find/will discover", "*mānôaḥ*": "resting place/place of rest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.15", "source": "שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šāmmâ* *qinnĕnâ* *qippôz* *watĕmallēṭ* *ûbāqĕʿâ* *wĕdāgĕrâ* *bĕṣillāh* *ʾak*-*šām* *niqbĕṣû* *dayyôt* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh*", "grammar": { "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - makes/built a nest", "*qippôz*": "feminine singular noun - arrow snake", "*watĕmallēṭ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will lay eggs", "*ûbāqĕʿâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will hatch", "*wĕdāgĕrâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will gather", "*bĕṣillāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her shadow", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqbĕṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are gathered", "*dayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - kites/vultures", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion" }, "variants": { "*šāmmâ*": "there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "makes a nest/builds a nest/nests", "*qippôz*": "arrow snake/owl/dartsnake", "*tĕmallēṭ*": "will lay eggs/will give birth/will deliver", "*bāqĕʿâ*": "will hatch/will break open", "*dāgĕrâ*": "will gather/will brood over/will incubate", "*ṣillāh*": "her shadow/her shade", "*niqbĕṣû*": "are gathered/are assembled/are collected", "*dayyôt*": "kites/vultures/birds of prey", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her neighbor" } }
  • Jer 4:23-26 : 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.23", "source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה־תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *hinnēh*-*tōhû* *wābōhû*; and to the *šāmayim* and *ʾēyn* their *ʾôrām*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I saw/looked", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - formlessness/chaos", "*wābōhû*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/void", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their light" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "saw/looked at/observed", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*tōhû*": "formlessness/chaos/waste", "*wābōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*ʾôrām*": "their light/brightness/illumination" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.24", "source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* the *hehārîm*, and *hinnēh* *rōʿăšîm*; and all the *gəbāʿôt* *hitqaləqālû*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I saw/looked", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*rōʿăšîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - quaking/shaking", "*gəbāʿôt*": "feminine plural noun - hills", "*hitqaləqālû*": "hithpalpel perfect, 3rd common plural - they wavered/swayed" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "saw/looked at/observed", "*hehārîm*": "mountains/mountain ranges", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*rōʿăšîm*": "quaking/shaking/trembling", "*gəbāʿôt*": "hills/heights", "*hitqaləqālû*": "wavered/swayed/moved to and fro" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.25", "source": "רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֖ה אֵ֣ין הָאָדָ֑ם וְכָל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נָדָֽדוּ׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* and *hinnēh* *ʾēyn* the *ʾādām*; and all *ʿôp* the *šāmayim* *nādādû*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I saw/looked", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind", "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun, construct - birds of", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*nādādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fled/wandered" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "saw/looked at/observed", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʿôp*": "birds/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*nādādû*": "fled/wandered/moved away" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.26", "source": "רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* and *hinnēh* the *karmel* the *midbār*; and all its *ʿārāyw* *nittəṣû* from *pənê* *Yhwh*, from *pənê* *ḥărôn* *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I saw/looked", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*karmel*": "masculine singular noun - fruitful field/garden land", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*ʿārāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its cities", "*nittəṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - were torn down", "*pənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - face of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*pənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - face of", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular noun, construct - heat of", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "saw/looked at/observed", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*karmel*": "fruitful field/garden land/fertile ground", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*ʿārāyw*": "its cities/towns", "*nittəṣû*": "were torn down/broken down/demolished", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*ḥărôn*": "heat/burning/intensity", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/wrath/nose" } }
  • Jer 30:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.6", "source": "שַׁאֲלוּ־נָ֣א וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֹלֵ֖ד זָכָ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ רָאִ֨יתִי כָל־גֶּ֜בֶר יָדָ֤יו עַל־חֲלָצָיו֙ כַּיּ֣וֹלֵדָ֔ה וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ כָל־פָּנִ֖ים לְיֵרָקֽוֹן", "text": "*šaʾălû-nāʾ* and-*rᵉʾû* if-*yōlēḏ* *zāḵār* *maddûaʿ* *rāʾîṯî* all-*geḇer* *yāḏāyw* on-*ḥălāṣāyw* like-*kayyôlēḏāh* and-*nehepeḵû* all-*pānîm* to-*yērāqôn*", "grammar": { "*šaʾălû-nāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine plural + particle of entreaty - ask, please", "*rᵉʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - see/look", "*yōlēḏ*": "qal active participle masculine singular - gives birth", "*zāḵār*": "masculine singular noun - male", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*rāʾîṯî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*geḇer*": "masculine singular noun - man/strong man", "*yāḏāyw*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "masculine dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his loins/sides", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + definite article + qal active participle feminine singular - like the woman giving birth", "*nehepeḵû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are turned/changed", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*yērāqôn*": "masculine singular noun - paleness/jaundice" }, "variants": { "*geḇer*": "man/strong man/warrior", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "loins/sides/thighs", "*nehepeḵû*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yērāqôn*": "paleness/jaundice/greenness" } }
  • Jer 51:62 : 62 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.62", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ יְהוָה֙ אַתָּ֨ה דִבַּ֜רְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לְהַכְרִית֔וֹ לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֱיֽוֹת־בּוֹ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב לְמֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*wəʾāmartā* *YHWH* *ʾattāh* *dibbartā* *ʾel*-*hammāqôm* *hazzeh* *ləhaḵrîtô* *ləḇiltî* *hĕyôt*-*bô* *yôšēḇ* *lēmēʾādām* *wəʿad*-*bəhēmāh* *kî*-*šimămôt* *ʿôlām* *tihyeh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have spoken", "*ʾel*": "preposition - concerning", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the place", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this", "*ləhaḵrîtô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to cut it off", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - so that not", "*hĕyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - being", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yôšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one dwelling/inhabitant", "*lēmēʾādām*": "preposition + preposition + masculine singular noun - from man", "*wəʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and unto", "*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - beast/cattle", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for/that", "*šimămôt*": "feminine plural noun - desolations", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - perpetuity/forever", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*dibbartā*": "you have spoken/you have declared", "*ləhaḵrîtô*": "to cut it off/to destroy it/to bring it to an end", "*yôšēḇ*": "one dwelling/inhabitant/resident", "*šimămôt* *ʿôlām*": "perpetual desolations/everlasting wastes" } }
  • Isa 13:19-22 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.19", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyəṯāh* *Bāḇel* *ṣəḇî* *mamləḵôṯ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *gəʾôn* *Kaśdîm* like-*mahpēḵaṯ* *ʾĔlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*Səḏōm* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*ʿĂmōrāh*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will be", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ṣəḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/beauty of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - kingdoms", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - splendor/beauty of", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*kəmahpēḵaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - like the overthrow of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God", "*ʾeṯ-səḏōm*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sodom", "*wəʾeṯ-ʿămōrāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇî*": "glory/beauty/splendor/majesty", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "splendor/beauty/glory/adornment", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation", "*mahpēḵaṯ*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.20", "source": "לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "Not-*ṯēšēḇ* for-*neṣaḥ* *wə*-not *ṯiškōn* until-*dôr* *wā*-*ḏôr* *wə*-not-*yahēl* there *ʿĂrāḇî* *wə*-*rōʿîm* not-*yarbîṣû* there", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯēšēḇ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will not dwell/sit", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/forever", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯiškōn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwell", "*ʿaḏ-dôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - until generation", "*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and generation", "*wəlōʾ-yahēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not pitch tent", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿărāḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular - Arab/nomad", "*wərōʿîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - and shepherds", "*lōʾ-yarbîṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will not make lie down", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ṯēšēḇ*": "will dwell/sit/remain", "*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*ṯiškōn*": "will be inhabited/will dwell/will abide", "*dôr wāḏôr*": "generation and generation/generation to generation/all generations", "*yahēl*": "will pitch tent/will camp/will dwell temporarily", "*ʿărāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/herdsmen/pastors", "*yarbîṣû*": "will make lie down/will cause to rest/will let their flocks rest" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.21", "source": "וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*rāḇṣû*-there *ṣiyyîm* *û*-*mālʾû* *ḇāttêhem* *ʾōḥîm* *wə*-*šāḵnû* there *bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh* *û*-*śəʿîrîm* *yəraqqəḏû*-there", "grammar": { "*wərāḇṣû-šām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + adverb - and will lie down there", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - desert creatures/wild beasts", "*ûmālʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will fill", "*ḇāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*ʾōḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - howling creatures/owls", "*wəšāḵnû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will dwell", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*bənôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ostrich", "*ûśəʿîrîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and goat-demons/satyrs", "*yəraqqəḏû-šām*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + adverb - will dance there" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/animals of the desert", "*ʾōḥîm*": "howling creatures/owls/jackals", "*bənôṯ yaʿănāh*": "daughters of the ostrich/female ostriches/owls", "*śəʿîrîm*": "goat-demons/satyrs/wild goats/hairy goats" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.22", "source": "וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿānāh* *ʾiyyîm* in-*ʾalmənôṯāyw* *wə*-*ṯannîm* in-*hêḵəlê* *ʿōneg* *wə*-*qārôḇ* to-come *ʿittāh* *wə*-*yāmêhā* not *yimmāšēḵû*", "grammar": { "*wəʿānāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will answer/cry", "*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - hyenas/howling creatures", "*bəʾalmənôṯāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his/its widow-places/desolate palaces", "*wəṯannîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and jackals/dragons", "*bəhêḵəlê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural, construct - in palaces of", "*ʿōneg*": "noun, masculine, singular - pleasure/luxury/delight", "*wəqārôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and near", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*ʿittāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her time", "*wəyāmêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her days", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be prolonged/extended" }, "variants": { "*ʿānāh*": "will answer/cry/howl/respond", "*ʾiyyîm*": "hyenas/howling creatures/wild dogs/jackals", "*ʾalmənôṯāyw*": "his widow-places/desolate palaces/forsaken places", "*ṯannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*hêḵəlê*": "palaces/temples", "*ʿōneg*": "pleasure/luxury/delight", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "will be prolonged/extended/delayed" } }
  • Isa 14:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.23", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָ לְמוֹרַ֥שׁ קִפֹּ֖ד וְאַגְמֵי־מָ֑יִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֙יהָ֙ בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֔ד נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*śamtîhā* for-*môraš* *qippōd* and-*ʾaḡmê*-*māyim*; and-*ṭēʾṭētîhā* with-*maṭʾăṭēʾ* the-*hašmēd*, *nǝʾum* *YHWH* *ṣǝḇāʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*śamtîhā*": "qal perfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will make it", "*môraš*": "masculine singular construct - possession of", "*qippōd*": "masculine singular noun - hedgehog/porcupine", "*ʾaḡmê*": "masculine plural construct - marshes/swamps of", "*māyim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ṭēʾṭētîhā*": "pilpel perfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will sweep it", "*maṭʾăṭēʾ*": "masculine singular construct - broom of", "*hašmēd*": "hiphil infinitive with definite article - the destruction/extermination" }, "variants": { "*śamtîhā*": "I will make it/I will set it/I will turn it into", "*môraš*": "possession/inheritance/property", "*qippōd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*ʾaḡmê*": "marshes/swamps/pools", "*ṭēʾṭētîhā*": "I will sweep it/I will clean it out", "*maṭʾăṭēʾ*": "broom/besom", "*hašmēd*": "destruction/annihilation/extermination" } }
  • Zeph 3:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.6", "source": "הִכְרַ֣תִּי גוֹיִ֗ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֑ר נִצְדּ֧וּ עָרֵיהֶ֛ם מִבְּלִי־אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב", "text": "*hikrattî* *gôyim* *nāšammû* *pinnôtām* *heḥĕrabtî* *ḥûṣôtām* from *belî* *ʿôbēr*; *niṣdû* *ʿārêhem* from *belî*-*ʾîš* from *ʾên* *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*hikrattî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I cut off/destroyed", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*nāšammû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were desolated", "*pinnôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their corner towers/strongholds", "*heḥĕrabtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I laid waste", "*ḥûṣôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their streets", "*belî*": "negative particle with preposition - without", "*ʿôbēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one passing by", "*niṣdû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were laid waste/desolated", "*ʿārêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - inhabitant/one dwelling" }, "variants": { "*hikrattî*": "I cut off/destroyed/eliminated", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*nāšammû*": "were desolated/laid waste/destroyed", "*pinnôtām*": "their corner towers/strongholds/battlements", "*heḥĕrabtî*": "I laid waste/destroyed/made desolate", "*ḥûṣôtām*": "their streets/open places", "*belî*": "without/lacking", "*ʿôbēr*": "one passing by/traveler", "*niṣdû*": "were laid waste/desolated/destroyed", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/resident/dweller" } }
  • Rev 18:21-23 : 21 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.21", "source": "Καὶ ἦρεν εἷς ἄγγελος ἰσχυρὸς λίθον ὡς μύλον μέγαν, καὶ ἔβαλεν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, λέγων, Οὕτως ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη πόλις, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι.", "text": "And *ēren* one *angelos* *ischyros* *lithon* as *mylon* *megan*, and *ebalen* into the *thalassan*, *legōn*, Thus with *hormēmati* *blēthēsetai* *Babylōn* the *megalē* *polis*, and *ou mē* *heurethē* *eti*.", "grammar": { "*ēren*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - lifted/took up", "*heis*": "numeral, nominative, masculine, singular - one", "*angelos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*ischyros*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - strong/mighty", "*lithon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - stone", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*mylon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - millstone", "*megan*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*ebalen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - threw/cast", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*tēn thalassan*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner", "*hormēmati*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - violence/force/impulse", "*blēthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be thrown/cast", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*heurethē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be found", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer" }, "variants": { "*ēren*": "lifted/took up/raised", "*angelos*": "angel/messenger", "*ischyros*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*lithon*": "stone/rock", "*mylon*": "millstone", "*megan*": "great/large/massive", "*ebalen*": "threw/cast/hurled", "*thalassan*": "sea/ocean", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*houtōs*": "thus/in this manner/so", "*hormēmati*": "violence/impulse/rush/force", "*blēthēsetai*": "will be thrown/will be cast/will be hurled", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*polis*": "city/town", "*heurethē*": "might be found/might be discovered", "*eti*": "anymore/any longer/still" } } 22 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.22", "source": "Καὶ φωνὴ κιθαρῳδῶν, καὶ μουσικῶν, καὶ αὐλητῶν, καὶ σαλπιστῶν, οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ πᾶς τεχνίτης, πάσης τέχνης, οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ φωνὴ μύλου οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι·", "text": "And *phōnē* of *kitharōdōn*, and of *mousikōn*, and of *aulētōn*, and of *salpistōn*, *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*; and every *technitēs* of every *technēs*, *ou mē* *heurethē* in you *eti*; and *phōnē* of *mylou* *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*;", "grammar": { "*phōnē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - sound/voice", "*kitharōdōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - harpists", "*mousikōn*": "noun/adjective, genitive, masculine, plural - musicians", "*aulētōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - flute players", "*salpistōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - trumpeters", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*akousthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be heard", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person singular - you", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*technitēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - craftsman/artisan", "*pasēs*": "adjective, genitive, feminine, singular - every/all", "*technēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - craft/art/trade", "*heurethē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be found", "*mylou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - millstone/mill" }, "variants": { "*phōnē*": "sound/voice/noise", "*kitharōdōn*": "harpists/lyre players", "*mousikōn*": "musicians/musical performers", "*aulētōn*": "flute players/flautists", "*salpistōn*": "trumpeters/bugle players", "*akousthē*": "might be heard/will be heard", "*technitēs*": "craftsman/artisan/skilled worker", "*technēs*": "craft/art/trade/skill", "*heurethē*": "might be found/will be found", "*mylou*": "millstone/mill/grinding sound" } } 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.23", "source": "Καὶ φῶς λύχνου οὐ μὴ φάνῃ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι: ὅτι οἱ ἔμποροί σου ἦσαν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς· ὅτι ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.", "text": "And *phōs* of *lychnou* *ou mē* *phanē* in you *eti*; and *phōnē* of *nymphiou* and of *nymphēs* *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*: because the *emporoi* of you *ēsan* the *megistanes* of the *gēs*; because in the *pharmakeia* of you *eplanēthēsan* all the *ethnē*.", "grammar": { "*phōs*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*lychnou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - lamp", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*phanē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might shine/appear", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person singular - you", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer", "*phōnē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*nymphiou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - bride", "*akousthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be heard", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hoi emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*ēsan*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were", "*hoi megistanes*": "adjective used as noun, nominative, masculine, plural - great ones/magnates", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*en*": "preposition + dative - by", "*tē pharmakeia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - sorcery/magic arts", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*eplanēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were deceived/led astray", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples" }, "variants": { "*phōs*": "light/brightness", "*lychnou*": "lamp/light", "*phanē*": "might shine/might appear/might be seen", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/noise", "*nymphiou*": "bridegroom", "*nymphēs*": "bride", "*akousthē*": "might be heard/will be heard", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*ēsan*": "were", "*megistanes*": "great ones/magnates/nobles/mighty men", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*pharmakeia*": "sorcery/magic arts/witchcraft/drug use", "*eplanēthēsan*": "were deceived/were led astray/were misled", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles" } }
  • Nah 3:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.7", "source": "וְהָיָה כָל־רֹאַיִךְ יִדּוֹד מִמֵּךְ וְאָמַר שָׁדְּדָה נִינְוֵה מִי יָנוּד לָהּ מֵאַיִן אֲבַקֵּשׁ מְנַחֲמִים לָךְ׃", "text": "*wĕ-hāyāh* *kol-rōʾayik* *yiddôd* *mimmēk* *wĕ-ʾāmar* *šodĕdāh* *nînĕwēh* *mî* *yānûd* *lāh* *mēʾayin* *ăbaqqēš* *mĕnaḥămîm* *lāk*", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*kol-rōʾayik*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - all seeing you", "*yiddôd*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will flee", "*mimmēk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - from you", "*wĕ-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say", "*šodĕdāh*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has been devastated", "*nînĕwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yānûd*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will mourn/console", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for her", "*mēʾayin*": "preposition + interrogative - from where", "*ăbaqqēš*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 1st singular - will I seek", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine plural - comforters", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*yiddôd*": "flee/wander away/depart", "*šodĕdāh*": "devastated/destroyed/laid waste", "*yānûd*": "mourn/console/shake head in sympathy", "*mēʾayin*": "from where/whence", "*ăbaqqēš*": "seek/search for/look for", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "comforters/consolers" } }
  • Josh 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.2.11", "source": "וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת", "text": "And-*wannišmaʿ* and-*wayyimmas* our-*ləḇāḇēnû* and-not-*qāmâ* again *rûaḥ* in-man from-before-you for *YHWH* your-*ʾĕlōhêḵem* he *ʾĕlōhîm* in-the-*baššāmayim* from-above and-on-the-earth from-beneath", "grammar": { "*wannišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st common plural - and we heard", "*wayyimmas*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it melted", "*ləḇāḇēnû*": "noun masculine singular construct + 1st common plural suffix - our heart", "*qāmâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it stood/rose", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular - spirit/breath/courage", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the heavens" }, "variants": { "*wayyimmas*": "melted/dissolved/fainted", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/courage", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } }
  • Gen 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.2", "source": "וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "And the *ʾāreṣ* *hāyĕtāh* *tōhû* *wā-bōhû* and *ḥōšek* upon *pĕnê* *tĕhôm* and *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *mĕraḥepet* upon *pĕnê* the *māyim*", "grammar": { "*hāyĕtāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/became", "*tōhû*": "noun, masculine singular - formlessness/chaos", "*wā-bōhû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and emptiness/void", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*tĕhôm*": "noun, masculine singular - deep/abyss/primeval ocean", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit/wind/breath of", "*mĕraḥepet*": "verb, piel participle, feminine singular - hovering/moving/fluttering", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters" }, "variants": { "*hāyĕtāh*": "was/became/existed", "*tōhû*": "formlessness/chaos/waste", "*bōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*tĕhôm*": "deep/abyss/primeval ocean/primordial waters", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mĕraḥepet*": "hovering/moving/fluttering/brooding" } }

Similar Verses (AI)

These verses are found using AI-powered semantic similarity based on meaning and context. Results may occasionally include unexpected connections.

  • 6 { "verseID": "Joel.2.6", "source": "מִפָּנָ֖יו יָחִ֣ילוּ עַמִּ֑ים כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃", "text": "From-*pānāyw* *yāḥîlû* *ʿammîm* all-*pānîm* *qibbetsû* *pāʾrûr*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they writhe/they are in anguish", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*qibbetsû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they gather/collect", "*pāʾrûr*": "masculine singular noun - glow/redness/paleness" }, "variants": { "*yāḥîlû*": "they writhe/they are in anguish/they tremble", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*qibbetsû*": "they gather/collect/draw in", "*pāʾrûr*": "glow/redness/paleness/blackness" } }

  • Ezek 7:17-18
    2 verses
    77%

    17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.17", "source": "כָּל־הַיָּדַ֖יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־בִּרְכַּ֖יִם תֵּלַ֥כְנָה מָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*kol*-*ha-yāḏayim* *tirpeynāh* *wə-kol*-*birkayim* *tēlaknāh* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*kol*-*ha-yāḏayim*": "construct + definite article + noun, feminine dual - all the hands", "*tirpeynāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will hang limp/be feeble", "*wə-kol*-*birkayim*": "conjunction + construct + noun, feminine dual - and all knees", "*tēlaknāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will flow/go", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*yāḏayim*": "hands/arms", "*tirpeynāh*": "hang limp/be feeble/weaken", "*birkayim*": "knees/leg joints", "*tēlaknāh*": "flow/go/turn", "*māyim*": "water/fluids [euphemism for urine from fear]" } }

    18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.18", "source": "וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ḥāḡrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-kissəṯāh* *ʾôṯām* *pallāṣûṯ* *wə-ʾel* *kol*-*pānîm* *bûšāh* *û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem* *qorḥāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥāḡrû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-kissəṯāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will cover", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - shuddering/horror", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*kol*-*pānîm*": "construct + noun, masculine plural - all faces", "*bûšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - shame", "*û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on all their heads", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḡrû*": "gird/put on/wrap around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth/rough cloth/mourning garment", "*kissəṯāh*": "cover/conceal/hide", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "shuddering/horror/trembling", "*pānîm*": "faces/presence", "*bûšāh*": "shame/disgrace", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot [sign of mourning]" } }

  • 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.26", "source": "וְאָנ֥וּ וְאָבְל֖וּ פְּתָחֶ֑יהָ וְנִקָּ֖תָה לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב", "text": "And-*ʾānû* and-*ʾābəlû* *pətāḥêhā*; and-*niqqātāh* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* *tēšēb*", "grammar": { "*wəʾānû*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will mourn", "*wəʾābəlû*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will lament", "*pətāḥêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her gates/entrances", "*wəniqqātāh*": "conjunction with Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she will be emptied/cleansed", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with definite noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*tēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will sit" }, "variants": { "*ʾānāh*": "mourn/lament/grieve", "*ʾābal*": "lament/mourn/bewail", "*petaḥ*": "gate/entrance/doorway", "*nāqāh*": "be emptied/cleansed/purged", "*ʾereṣ*": "ground/earth/land", "*yāšab*": "sit/dwell/remain" } }

  • 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃", "text": "upon-thus *mālə'ū* my *motnay* *ḥalḥālāh* *ṣîrîm* *'aḥazūnî* like *ṣîrê* *yôlēdāh* *na'awêtî* from *šəmōa'* *nibhaltî* from *rə'ôt*", "grammar": { "*mālə'ū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they are filled/became full", "*motnay*": "noun, masculine dual with 1st person singular suffix - my loins/waist", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - anguish/writhing pain", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pangs/pains", "*'aḥazūnî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural with 1st person singular suffix - they seized me", "*ṣîrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - pangs of", "*yôlēdāh*": "verb participle, qal active, feminine singular - woman giving birth", "*na'awêtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am bent/twisted/distorted", "*šəmōa'*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from hearing", "*nibhaltî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am terrified/dismayed", "*rə'ôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from seeing" }, "variants": { "*ḥalḥālāh*": "anguish/writhing/cramps/pain", "*na'awêtî*": "I am bent over/I am twisted/I am distorted", "*nibhaltî*": "I am terrified/I am dismayed/I am overwhelmed with fear" } }

  • 11 { "verseID": "Nahum.2.11", "source": "בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל־מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃", "text": "*Bûqāh* and *məbûqāh* and *məbullāqāh*; and *lēb* *nāmēs* and *piq* *birkayim* and *ḥalḥālāh* in all *motnayim*, and *pənê* all of them *qibbəṣû* *pāʾrûr*.", "grammar": { "*Bûqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - emptiness/void", "*məbûqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - emptiness/devastation", "*məbullāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - devastation/ruin", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*nāmēs*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - melting/dissolving", "*piq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaking/tottering of", "*birkayim*": "noun, feminine dual - knees", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - pain/anguish/trembling", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - faces of", "*qibbəṣû*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they gather/withdraw", "*pāʾrûr*": "noun, masculine singular - blackness/glow" }, "variants": { "*Bûqāh*": "emptiness/void/desolation", "*məbûqāh*": "emptiness/devastation/waste", "*məbullāqāh*": "devastation/ruin/destruction", "*nāmēs*": "melting/dissolving/fainting", "*piq*": "shaking/tottering/knocking together", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "pain/anguish/trembling/writhing", "*qibbəṣû*": "gather/withdraw/turn pale", "*pāʾrûr*": "blackness/paleness/glow/pot" } }

  • Isa 13:7-8
    2 verses
    75%

    7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.7", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃", "text": "Therefore all-*yāḏayim* *tirpênāh* and-all-*ləḇaḇ* *ʾĕnôš* *yimmās*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this", "*kol-yāḏayim*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, dual - all hands", "*tirpênāh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will go limp/become feeble", "*wəḵol-ləḇaḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and every heart of", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/human", "*yimmās*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will melt/dissolve" }, "variants": { "*tirpênāh*": "will go limp/become feeble/grow weak/fail", "*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/human/man/mortal", "*yimmās*": "will melt/dissolve/lose courage" } }

    8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.8", "source": "וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*niḇhālû* *ṣîrîm* *wa*-*ḥăḇālîm* *yōʾḥēzûn* like-the-*yôlēḏāh* *yəḥîlûn* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *yiṯmāhû* *pənê* *ləhāḇîm* *pənêhem*", "grammar": { "*wəniḇhālû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be dismayed/terrified", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - pangs/labor pains", "*waḥăḇālîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and pains/birth pangs", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will seize/grasp", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - like the woman giving birth", "*yəḥîlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will writhe/be in anguish", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one", "*ʾel-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his neighbor/companion", "*yiṯmāhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be astonished/amazed", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - faces of", "*ləhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - flames", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces" }, "variants": { "*niḇhālû*": "will be dismayed/terrified/alarmed/panic", "*ṣîrîm*": "pangs/labor pains/distress", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "pains/birth pangs/sorrows", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of", "*yəḥîlûn*": "will writhe/be in anguish/twist in pain", "*yiṯmāhû*": "will be astonished/amazed/look in horror", "*pənê ləhāḇîm pənêhem*": "their faces are faces of flames/their faces are flushed" } }

  • 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.24", "source": "שָׁמַ֥ענוּ אֶת־שָׁמְע֖וֹ רָפ֣וּ יָדֵ֑ינוּ צָרָה֙ הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְנוּ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃", "text": "We-have-*šāmaʿnû* *ʾet*-its-*šāməʿô* they-*rāpû* our-*yādênû* *ṣārāh* *heḥĕzîqatnû* *ḥîl* like-the-*yôlēdāh*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we have heard", "*šāməʿô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its report/news", "*rāpû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are slack/weak", "*yādênû*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person plural suffix - our hands", "*ṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - distress/anguish", "*heḥĕzîqatnû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 1st person plural suffix - it has seized us", "*ḥîl*": "noun, masculine singular - pain/anguish", "*yôlēdāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - woman giving birth" }, "variants": { "*rāpû*": "they are slack/weak/feeble", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/anguish/trouble", "*heḥĕzîqatnû*": "it has seized/taken hold of/gripped us", "*ḥîl*": "pain/anguish/writhing" } }

  • Lam 2:10-11
    2 verses
    75%

    10 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.10", "source": "יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*yēšəḇû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *yiddəmû* *ziqnê* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *heʿĕlû* *ʿāp̄ār* on-*rōʾšām* *ḥāḡərû* *śaqqîm* *hôrîḏû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *rōʾšān* *bəṯûlōṯ* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*yēšəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sit", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the ground", "*yiddəmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are silent", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*heʿĕlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have cast up", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust", "*ʿal-rōʾšām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*ḥāḡərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have girded themselves with", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*hôrîḏû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have brought down", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*rōʾšān*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their heads", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - virgins of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*yēšəḇû*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*yiddəmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumb", "*heʿĕlû*": "cast up/bring up/raise", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ashes", "*ḥāḡərû*": "gird oneself/put on/tie around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (garment of mourning)", "*hôrîḏû*": "bring down/cause to descend/lower", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "virgins/maidens/young unmarried women" } }

    11 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.11", "source": "כָּל֨וּ בַדְּמָע֤וֹת עֵינַי֙ חֳמַרְמְר֣וּ מֵעַ֔י נִשְׁפַּ֤ךְ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ כְּבֵדִ֔י עַל־שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּ֑י בֵּֽעָטֵ֤ף עוֹלֵל֙ וְיוֹנֵ֔ק בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת קִרְיָֽה׃", "text": "*kālû* in-*dəmāʿôṯ* *ʿênay* *ḥomarmərû* *mēʿay* *nišpaḵ* to-*ʾāreṣ* *kəḇēḏî* on-*šeḇer* daughter-*ʿammî* in-*bēʿāṭēp̄* *ʿôlēl* and-*yônēq* in-*rəḥōḇôṯ* *qiryâ*", "grammar": { "*kālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have been consumed", "*ḇaddəmāʿôṯ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - with tears", "*ʿênay*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st common singular suffix - my eyes", "*ḥomarmərû*": "pealal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are fermented/troubled", "*mēʿay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - my inward parts", "*nišpaḵ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is poured out", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*kəḇēḏî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my liver/glory", "*ʿal-šeḇer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - because of the destruction of", "*baṯ-ʿammî*": "construct chain + 1st common singular suffix - daughter of my people", "*bēʿāṭēp̄*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - as faints", "*ʿôlēl*": "noun, masculine singular - child/infant", "*wəyônēq*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - and nursing infant", "*birḥōḇôṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - in streets of", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine singular - city" }, "variants": { "*kālû*": "be consumed/come to an end/be spent", "*ḥomarmərû*": "be troubled/be agitated/ferment/be in turmoil", "*mēʿay*": "inward parts/bowels/entrails/emotions", "*nišpaḵ*": "be poured out/be spilled", "*kəḇēḏî*": "liver/inner self/glory/honor", "*šeḇer*": "destruction/ruin/breach/breaking", "*bēʿāṭēp̄*": "faint/grow weak/be feeble", "*ʿôlēl*": "child/infant", "*yônēq*": "nursing infant/suckling" } }

  • 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.6", "source": "שַׁאֲלוּ־נָ֣א וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֹלֵ֖ד זָכָ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ רָאִ֨יתִי כָל־גֶּ֜בֶר יָדָ֤יו עַל־חֲלָצָיו֙ כַּיּ֣וֹלֵדָ֔ה וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ כָל־פָּנִ֖ים לְיֵרָקֽוֹן", "text": "*šaʾălû-nāʾ* and-*rᵉʾû* if-*yōlēḏ* *zāḵār* *maddûaʿ* *rāʾîṯî* all-*geḇer* *yāḏāyw* on-*ḥălāṣāyw* like-*kayyôlēḏāh* and-*nehepeḵû* all-*pānîm* to-*yērāqôn*", "grammar": { "*šaʾălû-nāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine plural + particle of entreaty - ask, please", "*rᵉʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - see/look", "*yōlēḏ*": "qal active participle masculine singular - gives birth", "*zāḵār*": "masculine singular noun - male", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*rāʾîṯî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*geḇer*": "masculine singular noun - man/strong man", "*yāḏāyw*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "masculine dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his loins/sides", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + definite article + qal active participle feminine singular - like the woman giving birth", "*nehepeḵû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are turned/changed", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*yērāqôn*": "masculine singular noun - paleness/jaundice" }, "variants": { "*geḇer*": "man/strong man/warrior", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "loins/sides/thighs", "*nehepeḵû*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yērāqôn*": "paleness/jaundice/greenness" } }

  • 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.12.11", "source": "שָׂמָהּ֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה אָבְלָ֥ה עָלַ֖י שְׁמֵמָ֑ה נָשַׁ֙מָּה֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ שָׂ֥ם עַל־לֵֽב׃", "text": "He-*śāmāh* for-*šəmāmāh* she-*ʾābəlāh* upon-me *šəmēmāh* *nāšammāh* all-*hāʾāreṣ* because none *ʾîš* *śām* upon-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*śāmāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he has made it", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*ʾābəlāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she mourns", "*šəmēmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - desolate", "*nāšammāh*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it is desolate", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*śām*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - putting/placing", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste", "*ʾābəlāh*": "mourns/laments", "*nāšammāh*": "is desolate/lies waste", "*śām ʿal-lēb*": "takes to heart/considers/pays attention" } }

  • Isa 24:11-12
    2 verses
    74%

    11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.11", "source": "צְוָחָ֥ה עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹת עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ṣəwāḥāh* over-the-*yayin* in-the-*ḥûṣôt* *ʿārəbāh* all-*śimḥāh* *gālāh* *məśôś* the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ṣəwāḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - outcry/wailing", "*yayin*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition על - over the wine", "*ḥûṣôt*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition ב and definite article - in the streets", "*ʿārəbāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has darkened/grown evening", "*śimḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - joy/gladness", "*gālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has gone into exile/departed", "*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - joy of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ṣəwāḥāh*": "outcry/wailing/cry of distress", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/public squares", "*ʿārəbāh*": "has darkened/grown evening/become gloomy/passed away", "*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/mirth", "*gālāh*": "has gone into exile/departed/been removed", "*məśôś*": "joy/gladness/gaiety" } }

    12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.12", "source": "נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת־שָֽׁעַר׃", "text": "*nišʾar* in-the-*ʿîr* *šammāh* and-*šəʾiyyāh* *yukkat*-*šāʿar*", "grammar": { "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the city", "*šammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with conjunction ו - and devastation", "*yukkat*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is beaten down", "*šāʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular - gate" }, "variants": { "*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "devastation/ruin/crash", "*yukkat*": "is beaten down/is battered/is struck", "*šāʿar*": "gate/entrance/city gate" } }

  • Isa 24:3-4
    2 verses
    74%

    3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.3", "source": "הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Hibbōq* *tibbōq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*hibbōz* *tibbōz* *kî* *YHWH* *dibbēr* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*", "grammar": { "*Hibbōq*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly emptied", "*tibbōq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be emptied", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*hibbōz*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly plundered", "*tibbōz*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be plundered", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dābār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this" }, "variants": { "*Hibbōq tibbōq*": "will be utterly emptied/completely laid waste/certainly devastated", "*hibbōz tibbōz*": "will be utterly plundered/completely despoiled/certainly looted", "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/has said/has declared", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech" } }

    4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.4", "source": "אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾābəlāh* *nābəlāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾuməlelāh* *nābəlāh* *tēbēl* *ʾumləlû* *mərôm* *ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ʾābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns", "*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/weakens", "*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades", "*tēbēl*": "common noun, feminine singular - world/habitable earth", "*ʾumləlû*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person common plural - languish/are weakened", "*mərôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - height/exalted ones", "*ʿam*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʾābəlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves", "*nābəlāh*": "withers/fades/decays", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/weakens/droops", "*tēbēl*": "world/habitable earth/inhabited land", "*ʾumləlû*": "languish/are weakened/droop", "*mərôm*": "height/exalted ones/lofty people", "*ʿam-hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/prominent people" } }

  • 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } }

  • Lam 1:9-10
    2 verses
    74%

    9 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.9", "source": "טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס", "text": "Her *ṭumʾāṯāh* in her *šûleyhā*, *lōʾ* *zāḵərāh* her *ʾaḥărîṯāh*, *wa*-*tēreḏ* *pəlāʾîm*; *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-my *ʿānəyî*, *kî* *hiḡdîl* *ʾôyēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness", "*bəšûleyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her skirts", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her end/future", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*tēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she came down", "*pəlāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/astonishingly", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿānəyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my affliction", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiḡdîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified himself", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "her uncleanness/her impurity/her filthiness", "*šûleyhā*": "her skirts/her hems/her garment edges", "*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she considered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "her end/her future/her outcome", "*tēreḏ pəlāʾîm*": "came down wonderfully/fell astonishingly/descended incredibly", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler", "*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold", "*ʿānəyî*": "my affliction/my suffering/my misery", "*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/acted proudly/boasted", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } }

    10 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.10", "source": "יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "His *yāḏô* *pāraś* *ṣār* upon all-her *maḥămaddeyhā*; *kî*-*rāʾăṯāh* *gôyim* *bāʾû* her *miqdāšāh*, *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwîṯāh* *lōʾ*-*yāḇōʾû* in the *qāhāl* to you.", "grammar": { "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spread out", "*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*maḥămaddeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her precious things", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rāʾăṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they entered", "*miqdāšāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sanctuary", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you commanded", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they shall enter", "*baqqāhāl*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the assembly", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*pāraś*": "spread out/stretched out/extended", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe", "*maḥămaddeyhā*": "her precious things/her desirable things/her treasures", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*miqdāšāh*": "her sanctuary/her holy place/her temple", "*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "you commanded/you ordered/you decreed", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/community" } }

  • 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.51.19", "source": "שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ", "text": "*šəttayim hēnnâ qōrə'ōtayik mî yānûd lāk haššōd wəhaššeber wəhārā'āb wəhaḥereb mî 'ănaḥămēk*", "grammar": { "*šəttayim*": "numeral, feminine - two", "*hēnnâ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine plural - these", "*qōrə'ōtayik*": "Qal participle, feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - are befalling you", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yānûd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will sympathize", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - for you", "*haššōd*": "definite article + common noun, masculine singular - the devastation", "*wəhaššeber*": "conjunction + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - and the destruction", "*wəhārā'āb*": "conjunction + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - and the famine", "*wəhaḥereb*": "conjunction + definite article + common noun, feminine singular - and the sword", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*'ănaḥămēk*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I will comfort you" }, "variants": { "*qōrə'ōtayik*": "are befalling you/are happening to you/are encountering you", "*yānûd*": "will sympathize/will console/will comfort", "*šōd*": "devastation/destruction/ruin", "*šeber*": "destruction/ruin/breaking", "*'ănaḥămēk*": "I will comfort you/I will console you" } }

  • 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.21.7", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהַטֵּ֖ף אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֑ים וְהִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾāḏām* *śîm* *pānêḵā* to-*yərûšālaim* and-*haṭṭēp̄* to-*miqdāšîm* and-*hinnāḇēʾ* to-*ʾaḏmaṯ* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular - man/humanity", "*śîm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - set/place/direct", "*pānêḵā*": "plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*haṭṭēp̄*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular with waw conjunction - cause to drip/prophesy", "*miqdāšîm*": "masculine plural - sanctuaries/holy places", "*hinnāḇēʾ*": "niphal imperative masculine singular with waw conjunction - prophesy", "*ʾaḏmaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - land of/soil of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*pānêḵā*": "your face/your attention/yourself", "*haṭṭēp̄*": "drip words/preach/prophesy", "*miqdāšîm*": "sanctuaries/holy places/the sanctuary", "*ʾaḏmaṯ*": "land/ground/soil/territory" } }

  • 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.7", "source": "אַרְצְכֶ֣ם שְׁמָמָ֔ה עָרֵיכֶ֖ם שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת אֵ֑שׁ אַדְמַתְכֶ֗ם לְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙ זָרִים֙ אֹכְלִ֣ים אֹתָ֔הּ וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥ת זָרִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾarṣᵉkem* *šᵉmāmâ* *'ārêkem* *śᵉrûpôt* *ʾēš* *ʾadmatkem* *lᵉnegdᵉkem* *zārîm* *ʾōkᵉlîm* *ʾōtāh* *ûšᵉmāmâ* *kᵉmahpēkat* *zārîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾarṣᵉkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land", "*šᵉmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*'ārêkem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your cities", "*śᵉrûpôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural construct - burnt [with]", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾadmatkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ground/soil", "*lᵉnegdᵉkem*": "preposition lᵉ- + preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - before you", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners", "*ʾōkᵉlîm*": "participle, qal active, masculine plural - devour/consume", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*ûšᵉmāmâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*kᵉmahpēkat*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular construct - like [the] overthrow of", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners" }, "variants": { "*šᵉmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/devastation", "*śᵉrûpôt*": "burnt/consumed by fire", "*ʾadmatkem*": "your ground/soil/land/territory", "*lᵉnegdᵉkem*": "before you/in your presence/in your sight", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*ʾōkᵉlîm*": "devour/consume/eat", "*mahpēkat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning" } }

  • Isa 32:11-12
    2 verses
    73%

    11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.11", "source": "חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ḥārad* *šaʾănannôt*, *rāgaz* *bōṭəḥôt*; *pāšaṭ* and-*ʿārâ* and-*ḥāgar* upon-*ḥălāṣayim*.", "grammar": { "*ḥārad*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be anxious", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - complacent, at ease", "*rāgaz*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be agitated", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - strip off", "*ʿārâ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - make bare, uncover", "*ḥāgar*": "qal imperative feminine plural - gird, put on", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "masculine dual noun - loins, waist" }, "variants": { "*ḥārad*": "tremble/be anxious/be afraid", "*šaʾănannôt*": "complacent ones/at ease/secure", "*rāgaz*": "tremble/be agitated/be troubled", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "strip off/remove/take off", "*ʿārâ*": "make bare/uncover/expose", "*ḥāgar*": "gird/put on/clothe oneself", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "loins/waist/hips" } }

    12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.12", "source": "עַל־שָׁדַ֖יִם סֹֽפְדִ֑ים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶ֕מֶד עַל־גֶּ֖פֶן פֹּרִיָּֽה׃", "text": "Upon-*šādayim* *sāpad*; upon-*śədê*-*ḥemed* upon-*gepen* *pōriyyâ*.", "grammar": { "*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - breasts", "*sāpad*": "qal participle masculine plural - mourning, lamenting", "*śədê*": "masculine plural noun construct - fields of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - delight, pleasure", "*gepen*": "feminine singular noun - vine, grapevine", "*pōriyyâ*": "adjective feminine singular - fruitful, fertile" }, "variants": { "*šādayim*": "breasts/chest", "*sāpad*": "mourning/lamenting/beating (the breast in grief)", "*śədê*": "fields of/lands of", "*ḥemed*": "delight/pleasure/desirability", "*gepen*": "vine/grapevine", "*pōriyyâ*": "fruitful/fertile/productive" } }

  • 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.2", "source": "אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם עָלָֽתָה׃", "text": "*ʾāḇlāh* *Yəhûḏāh* *ûšəʿārêhā* *ʾumləlû* *qāḏərû* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* *wəṣiwḥaṯ* *Yərûšālaim* *ʿālāṯāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāḇlāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - mourns/mourned", "*Yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûšəʿārêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her gates", "*ʾumləlû*": "pual perfect, 3rd plural - have been made weak/languish", "*qāḏərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - are/become dark/gloomy", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition + definite article - to the ground/earth", "*wəṣiwḥaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with conjunction - and cry of", "*ʿālāṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - has gone up/ascended" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇlāh*": "mourns/laments/is in mourning", "*ʾumləlû*": "languish/wither/are made feeble", "*qāḏərû*": "are dark/mourn/are in mourning", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ṣiwḥaṯ*": "cry/shriek/wail" } }

  • Lam 1:1-2
    2 verses
    73%

    1 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.1", "source": "אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַּבָּ֣תִי בַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ ס", "text": "How *yāšəḇāh* *bādād* the city *rabbāṯî* people; *hāyəṯāh* like *ʾalmānāh*; *rabbāṯî* among the *gôyim*, *śārāṯî* in the provinces, *hāyəṯāh* to *mas*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yāšəḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sat/dwelt/remained", "*bādād*": "masculine singular noun in adverbial position - alone/solitary", "*hāʿîr*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the city", "*rabbāṯî*": "feminine construct adjective with 1st person suffix - great of/full of", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*hāyəṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has become", "*kəʾalmānāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a widow", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - among the nations", "*śārāṯî*": "feminine construct noun with 1st person suffix - princess of", "*bammədînôṯ*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine plural - in the provinces", "*lāmas*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for tribute/forced labor" }, "variants": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "how/alas/oh how", "*yāšəḇāh*": "sits/dwells/remains/is situated", "*bādād*": "alone/solitary/isolated", "*rabbāṯî*": "great of/abundant in/full of", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*hāyəṯāh*": "became/has become/is", "*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/bereaved woman", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*śārāṯî*": "princess of/ruler of/lady of", "*məḏînôṯ*": "provinces/districts/regions", "*mas*": "tribute/forced labor/vassal" } }

    2 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.2", "source": "בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ ס", "text": "*bāḵô* *ṯiḇkeh* in the *laylāh* *wə*-her *dimʿāṯāh* upon her *leḥĕyāh*, *ʾên*-to her *mənaḥēm* from all-her *ʾōhăḇeyhā*; all-her *rēʿeyhā* *bāḡəḏû* against her, *hāyû* to her to *ʾōyəḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*bāḵô*": "infinitive absolute - weeping", "*ṯiḇkeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she weeps", "*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*dimʿāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her tear", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*leḥĕyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cheek", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*mikkāl*": "preposition + noun - from all", "*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lovers", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*rēʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her friends", "*bāḡəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they betrayed", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became", "*ləʾōyəḇîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to enemies" }, "variants": { "*bāḵô ṯiḇkeh*": "weeping she weeps/she weeps bitterly/she continually weeps", "*laylāh*": "night/nighttime", "*dimʿāṯāh*": "her tear/her tears", "*leḥĕyāh*": "her cheek/her jaw", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who comforts", "*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "her lovers/those who love her/her allies", "*rēʿeyhā*": "her friends/her companions/her associates", "*bāḡəḏû*": "they betrayed/they acted treacherously/they dealt faithlessly", "*ʾōyəḇîm*": "enemies/foes/adversaries" } }

  • 10 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.10", "source": "גַּם־הִיא לַגֹּלָה הָלְכָה בַשֶּׁבִי גַּם עֹלָלֶיהָ יְרֻטְּשׁוּ בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת וְעַל־נִכְבַּדֶּיהָ יַדּוּ גוֹרָל וְכָל־גְּדוֹלֶיהָ רֻתְּקוּ בַזִּקִּים׃", "text": "*gam-hîʾ* *lag-gōlāh* *hālĕkāh* *baš-šebî* *gam* *ʿōlālehā* *yĕruṭṭĕšû* *bĕ-rōʾš* *kol-ḥûṣôt* *wĕ-ʿal-nikbaddehā* *yaddû* *gôrāl* *wĕ-kol-gĕdôlehā* *ruttĕqû* *baz-ziqqîm*", "grammar": { "*gam-hîʾ*": "adverb + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - even she", "*lag-gōlāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine, singular - into the exile", "*hālĕkāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she went", "*baš-šebî*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - into the captivity", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ʿōlālehā*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her infants", "*yĕruṭṭĕšû*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were dashed in pieces", "*bĕ-rōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - at the head of", "*kol-ḥûṣôt*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + noun, feminine, plural - all streets", "*wĕ-ʿal-nikbaddehā*": "conjunction + preposition + verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and for her honored ones", "*yaddû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they cast", "*gôrāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - lot", "*wĕ-kol-gĕdôlehā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular construct + adjective, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and all her great ones", "*ruttĕqû*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd plural - they were bound", "*baz-ziqqîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, plural - with chains" }, "variants": { "*gōlāh*": "exile/captivity", "*šebî*": "captivity/prisoner", "*ʿōlālehā*": "infants/little ones/children", "*yĕruṭṭĕšû*": "dashed to pieces/smashed/broken", "*nikbaddehā*": "honored ones/nobles/dignitaries", "*yaddû*": "cast/throw/draw", "*gôrāl*": "lot/portion/fate", "*gĕdôlehā*": "great ones/nobles/leaders", "*ruttĕqû*": "bound/chained/fettered", "*ziqqîm*": "chains/fetters/shackles" } }

  • 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.26", "source": "בֹּֽאוּ־לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־תְּהִי־לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃", "text": "*boʾu*-to her from *qets* *pitḥu* *maʾavuseha* *salluha* like-*ʿaremim* and *haḥarimuha* not *təhi*-to her *shəʾerit*.", "grammar": { "*boʾu*": "imperative, masculine plural - come", "*qets*": "noun, masculine singular - end/extremity", "*pitḥu*": "imperative, masculine plural - open", "*maʾavuseha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her granaries/storehouses", "*salluha*": "imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - pile her up", "*ʿaremim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps", "*haḥarimuha*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - utterly destroy her", "*təhi*": "jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let there be", "*shəʾerit*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant/remainder" }, "variants": { "*boʾu*": "come/enter/arrive", "*qets*": "end/extremity/furthest border", "*pitḥu*": "open/unlock/release", "*maʾavuseha*": "her granaries/storehouses/barns", "*salluha*": "pile her up/heap her up", "*ʿaremim*": "heaps/piles/stacks", "*haḥarimuha*": "utterly destroy her/devote her to destruction", "*shəʾerit*": "remnant/remainder/survivor" } }

  • 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.15.9", "source": "אֻמְלְלָ֞ה יֹלֶ֣דֶת הַשִּׁבְעָ֗ה נָפְחָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֛הּ *באה **בָּ֥א שִׁמְשָׁ֛הּ בְּעֹ֥ד יוֹמָ֖ם בּ֣וֹשָׁה וְחָפֵ֑רָה וּשְׁאֵֽרִיתָ֗ם לַחֶ֧רֶב אֶתֵּ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾumlālâ yōledet ha-šibʿâ*, *nāpḥâ napšāh*, *bāʾ šimšāh* while-still day, *bôšâ wə-ḥāpērâ*; and-*šəʾērîtām* to-*ha-ḥereb* *ʾettēn* before *ʾōyəbêhem* *nəʾum-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ʾumlālâ*": "pulal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she has become feeble/weakened", "*yōledet*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - bearer of/she who gave birth to", "*ha-šibʿâ*": "article + number - the seven", "*nāpḥâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she breathed out/expired", "*napšāh*": "noun common feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul/life", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it has come/gone", "*šimšāh*": "noun common feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sun", "*bôšâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she is ashamed", "*wə-ḥāpērâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and she is disgraced", "*šəʾērîtām*": "noun common feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their remnant/remainder", "*ha-ḥereb*": "article + noun common feminine singular - the sword", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will give", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "qal participle masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "utterance construct + divine name - declaration of Yahweh/says the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾumlālâ*": "she has languished/become feeble/is miserable", "*yōledet ha-šibʿâ*": "mother of seven/she who bore seven", "*nāpḥâ napšāh*": "she has breathed out her soul/her life has expired", "*bāʾ šimšāh*": "her sun has set/gone down", "*bəʿōd yômām*": "while it was yet day/during daylight", "*bôšâ wə-ḥāpērâ*": "she is ashamed and confounded/disgraced and humiliated" } }

  • 15 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.15", "source": "זֹ֞את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "This the-*ʿîr hāʿallîzâ hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ hāʾōmərâ bilḇāḇāh ʾănî wəʾap̄sî ʿôd ʾêḵ hāyəthâ ləšammâ marbēṣ laḥayyâ kōl ʿôḇēr ʿālêhā yišrōq yānîaʿ yādô*", "grammar": { "*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*hāʿallîzâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the joyous/exultant", "*hayyôšeḇeth*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one sitting/dwelling", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in security/confidence", "*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*wəʾap̄sî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my end/there is none but me", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/horror", "*marbēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - resting place of", "*laḥayyâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the beast", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every/all", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - over her", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*yānîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will shake/wag", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hāʿallîzâ*": "joyous/exultant/jubilant", "*hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ*": "dwelling securely/sitting confidently", "*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/there is none besides me/no one else", "*ləšammâ*": "for desolation/for horror/for waste", "*marbēṣ*": "resting place/lair/den", "*yišrōq*": "hiss/whistle (in derision)", "*yānîaʿ yādô*": "shake his hand/wave his hand (in mockery)" } }

  • 30 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.30", "source": "וְיִנְהֹ֥ם עָלָ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּנַהֲמַת־יָ֑ם וְנִבַּ֤ט לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ צַ֣ר וָא֔וֹר חָשַׁ֖ךְ בַּעֲרִיפֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And it will *wəyinhōm* against him in *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* like the *kənahamat*-*yām*; and one *wənibbaṭ* to the *lāʾāreṣ* and *wəhinnēh*-*ḥōšek* *ṣar* and *wāʾôr* is made *ḥāšak* in its *baʿărîpehā*.", "grammar": { "*wəyinhōm*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will growl", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*bayyôm*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that", "*kənahamat*": "preposition with feminine singular construct - like the roaring of", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun - sea", "*wənibbat*": "conjunction with niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and one looks", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - to the land/earth", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ṣar*": "masculine singular adjective - distress", "*wāʾôr*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and light", "*ḥāšak*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is darkened", "*baʿărîpehā*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in its clouds" }, "variants": { "*yinhōm*": "growls/roars/makes noise", "*nahamat*": "roaring/growling/moaning", "*nibbat*": "looks/gazes/observes", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ḥāšak*": "darkened/dimmed/obscured", "*ʿărîpehā*": "clouds/darkness/gloom" } }

  • 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.12", "source": "שֹׁ֥מּוּ שָׁמַ֖יִם עַל־זֹ֑את וְשַׂעֲר֛וּ חָרְב֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Šōmmû* *šāmayim* *ʿal*-*zōʾt* *wə-śaʿărû* *ḥorbû* *məʾōd* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Šōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be appalled", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*ʿal*-*zōʾt*": "preposition + feminine demonstrative pronoun - at this", "*wə-śaʿărû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and be horrified", "*ḥorbû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be utterly desolate", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*šōmmû*": "be appalled/be astonished/be desolate", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*śaʿărû*": "be horrified/shudder/be shocked", "*ḥorbû*": "be utterly desolate/be laid waste/be dried up", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }

  • 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.22", "source": "וְאֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט וְהִנֵּ֨ה צָרָ֤ה וַחֲשֵׁכָה֙ מְע֣וּף צוּקָ֔ה וַאֲפֵלָ֖ה מְנֻדָּֽח׃", "text": "And-to-*ʾereṣ yabbîṭ* and-*hinnēh ṣārāh wa-ḥăšēkāh məʿûp ṣûqāh wa-ʾăpēlāh mənuddāḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yabbîṭ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will look/gaze", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ṣārāh*": "noun feminine singular - distress/trouble", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "noun feminine singular - darkness", "*məʿûp*": "noun masculine singular construct - gloom of", "*ṣûqāh*": "noun feminine singular - anguish/distress", "*ʾăpēlāh*": "noun feminine singular - gloom/thick darkness", "*mənuddāḥ*": "pual participle masculine singular - driven away/thrust away" }, "variants": { "*yabbîṭ*": "he will look/he will gaze/he will behold", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "darkness/gloom", "*məʿûp ṣûqāh*": "gloom of anguish/thick distress/deep oppression", "*ʾăpēlāh mənuddāḥ*": "darkness driven away/thick darkness thrust out/deep gloom banished" } }

  • 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.30.7", "source": "וְנָשַׁ֕מּוּ בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲרָצ֣וֹת נְשַׁמּ֑וֹת וְעָרָ֕יו בְּתוֹךְ־עָרִ֥ים נַחֲרָב֖וֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה׃", "text": "*wə-nāšammû* *bə-tôḵ* *ʾărāṣôt* *nəšammôt* *wə-ʿārāyw* *bə-tôḵ*-*ʿārîm* *naḥărāḇôt* *tihyênāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-nāšammû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd plural - and they shall be desolate", "*bə-tôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ʾărāṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - lands", "*nəšammôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - desolate", "*wə-ʿārāyw*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and its cities", "*bə-tôḵ*-*ʿārîm*": "preposition + noun construct + noun, feminine plural - in the midst of cities", "*naḥărāḇôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - ruined/devastated", "*tihyênāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall be" }, "variants": { "*nāšammû*": "be desolate/waste/appalled", "*nəšammôt*": "desolate/waste/appalling", "*naḥărāḇôt*": "ruined/devastated/waste" } }

  • 8 { "verseID": "Joel.1.8", "source": "אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾĔlî* *kiḇṯûlāh* *ḥăguraṯ*-*śaq* *ʿal*-*baʿal* *nəʿûrêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - lament, wail", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a virgin", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular construct - girded with", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, because of", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - husband of", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her youth" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlî*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "like a virgin/maiden", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "girded with/clothed with/wearing", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/garment of mourning", "*baʿal*": "husband/lord/master", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "her youth/her early life/her young age" } }

  • 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.25", "source": "מִחוּץ֙ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶ֔רֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִ֖ים אֵימָ֑ה גַּם־בָּחוּר֙ גַּם־בְּתוּלָ֔ה יוֹנֵ֖ק עִם־אִ֥ישׁ שֵׂיבָֽה׃", "text": "From-outside *təšakkel*-*ḥereḇ* and-from-chambers *ʾêmāh*; also-*bāḥûr* also-*bəṯûlāh*, *yônêq* with-*ʾîš* *śêḇāh*.", "grammar": { "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition with noun - from outside", "*təšakkel*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will bereave", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine, singular - sword", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mêḥăḏārîm*": "preposition with noun, masculine, plural - from chambers/rooms", "*ʾêmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - terror/horror/dread", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bāḥûr*": "noun, masculine, singular - young man/chosen one", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bəṯûlāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - virgin/maiden", "*yônêq*": "noun, masculine, singular - suckling/infant", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - man of", "*śêḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - gray hair/old age" }, "variants": { "*təšakkel*": "will bereave/rob/make childless", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/destruction", "*ʾêmāh*": "terror/horror/dread", "*bāḥûr*": "young man/chosen one/youth", "*bəṯûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/unmarried woman", "*yônêq*": "suckling/nursing infant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*śêḇāh*": "gray hair/old age/hoary head" } }

  • 7 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.7", "source": "וְהָיָה כָל־רֹאַיִךְ יִדּוֹד מִמֵּךְ וְאָמַר שָׁדְּדָה נִינְוֵה מִי יָנוּד לָהּ מֵאַיִן אֲבַקֵּשׁ מְנַחֲמִים לָךְ׃", "text": "*wĕ-hāyāh* *kol-rōʾayik* *yiddôd* *mimmēk* *wĕ-ʾāmar* *šodĕdāh* *nînĕwēh* *mî* *yānûd* *lāh* *mēʾayin* *ăbaqqēš* *mĕnaḥămîm* *lāk*", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*kol-rōʾayik*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - all seeing you", "*yiddôd*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will flee", "*mimmēk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - from you", "*wĕ-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say", "*šodĕdāh*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has been devastated", "*nînĕwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yānûd*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will mourn/console", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for her", "*mēʾayin*": "preposition + interrogative - from where", "*ăbaqqēš*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 1st singular - will I seek", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine plural - comforters", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*yiddôd*": "flee/wander away/depart", "*šodĕdāh*": "devastated/destroyed/laid waste", "*yānûd*": "mourn/console/shake head in sympathy", "*mēʾayin*": "from where/whence", "*ăbaqqēš*": "seek/search for/look for", "*mĕnaḥămîm*": "comforters/consolers" } }

  • 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.24", "source": "וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי", "text": "And-*hāyāh* instead-of *bōśem* *maq* *yihyeh*, and-instead-of *ḥăgôrāh* *niqpāh*, and-instead-of *maʿăśeh* *miqšeh* *qorḥāh*, and-instead-of *pətîgîl* *maḥăgōret* *śāq*; for-instead-of *yōpî*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*bōśem*": "noun, masculine singular - perfume/spice", "*maq*": "noun, masculine singular - rottenness/decay", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there will be", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - belt/girdle", "*niqpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rope/cord", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work of", "*miqšeh*": "noun, masculine singular - well-set hair/braided work", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*pətîgîl*": "noun, masculine singular - rich robe/expensive garment", "*maḥăgōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - girding of", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yōpî*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "will be/become/happen", "*taḥat*": "instead of/in place of/underneath", "*bōśem*": "perfume/spice/sweet smell", "*maq*": "rottenness/decay/stench", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "belt/girdle/sash", "*niqpāh*": "rope/cord/binding", "*maʿăśeh miqšeh*": "well-set hair/braided work/artistic hairdo", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot/shaved head", "*pətîgîl*": "rich robe/expensive garment/festive dress", "*maḥăgōret śāq*": "girding of sackcloth/sackcloth covering", "*yōpî*": "beauty/prettiness/attractiveness" } }

  • 14 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.14", "source": "Καὶ ἡ ὀπώρα τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς σου ἀπῆλθεν ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ πάντα τὰ λιπαρὰ καὶ τὰ λαμπρὰ ἀπῆλθεν ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ εὑρήσεις αὐτὰ.", "text": "And the *opōra* of the *epithymias* of the *psychēs* of you *apēlthen* from you, and all the *lipara* and the *lampra* *apēlthen* from you, and *ouketi* *ou mē* *heurēseis* them.", "grammar": { "*hē opōra*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - fruit/harvest", "*tēs epithymias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - desire/craving", "*tēs psychēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - soul", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*apēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - departed/went away", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - you", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta lipara*": "adjective used as noun, nominative, neuter, plural - luxury items/rich things", "*ta lampra*": "adjective used as noun, nominative, neuter, plural - splendid things/bright things", "*ouketi*": "adverb - no longer/no more", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*heurēseis*": "future active indicative, 2nd person singular - you will find", "*auta*": "personal pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - them" }, "variants": { "*opōra*": "fruit/harvest/season of fruits", "*epithymias*": "desire/craving/longing", "*psychēs*": "soul/life/inner self", "*apēlthen*": "departed/went away/left", "*lipara*": "sumptuous/luxurious/rich things", "*lampra*": "splendid/bright/magnificent things", "*ouketi*": "no longer/no more/not anymore", "*heurēseis*": "will find/will discover" } }

  • 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.19", "source": "אֵ֤יךְ הָי֣וּ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה כְרָ֑גַע סָ֥פוּ תַ֝֗מּוּ מִן־בַּלָּהֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Eikh hayu leshammah kherega'*; *safu tammu min-ballahot*.", "grammar": { "*Eikh*": "interrogative - how", "*hayu*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they were/became", "*leshammah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to desolation", "*kherega'*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - as in a moment", "*safu*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are swept away", "*tammu*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are finished", "*min-ballahot*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - from terrors" }, "variants": { "*eikh*": "how/in what way", "*hayah*": "were/became/happened", "*shammah*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*rega'*": "moment/instant", "*suf*": "swept away/come to an end", "*tamam*": "finished/completed/consumed", "*ballahot*": "terrors/sudden destruction" } }

  • 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.6", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ ס", "text": "*wa*-*yēṣēʾ* from *baṯ*-*ṣîôn* all-her *hăḏārāh*; *hāyû* her *śāreyhā* like *ʾayyālîm* *lōʾ*-*māṣəʾû* *mirʿeh*, *wa*-*yēləḵû* without-*ḵōaḥ* before *rôḏēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes out", "*mibbaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from daughter of", "*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*hăḏārāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her splendor", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became", "*śāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes", "*kəʾayyālîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like deer/stags", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they found", "*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture", "*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they go", "*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength", "*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before", "*rôḏēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/departs/is gone", "*baṯ-ṣîôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem", "*hăḏārāh*": "her splendor/her glory/her beauty", "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her leaders", "*ʾayyālîm*": "deer/stags/harts", "*māṣəʾû*": "they found/they discovered", "*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land/food", "*yēləḵû*": "they go/they walk/they proceed", "*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*rôḏēp̄*": "pursuer/hunter/one who chases" } }

  • 8 { "verseID": "Micah.1.8", "source": "עַל־זֹאת֙ אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה וְאֵילִ֔ילָה אֵילְכָ֥ה שׁוֹלָ֖ל וְעָר֑וֹם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה מִסְפֵּד֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ים וְאֵ֖בֶל כִּבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "For-this *ʾespəḏāh* and-*ʾêlîlāh* *ʾêləḵāh* *šôlāl* and-*ʿārôm* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *mispēḏ* like-the-*tannîm* and-*ʾēḇel* like-*bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾespəḏāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me lament/wail", "*ʾêlîlāh*": "hifil cohortative, 1st singular - let me howl/wail", "*ʾêləḵāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go/walk", "*šôlāl*": "common noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot", "*ʿārôm*": "common adjective, masculine singular - naked/bare", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*mispēḏ*": "common noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing", "*tannîm*": "common noun with definite article, masculine plural - the jackals", "*ʾēḇel*": "common noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*bənôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʾespəḏāh*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*ʾêlîlāh*": "howl/wail/cry out", "*ʾêləḵāh*": "go/walk/proceed", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/barefoot/captive", "*ʿārôm*": "naked/bare/exposed", "*mispēḏ*": "lamentation/wailing/mourning ritual", "*tannîm*": "jackals/wild dogs/dragons", "*ʾēḇel*": "mourning/grief/lamentation", "*yaʿănāh*": "ostrich/owl/desert creature" } }

  • 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.23", "source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה־תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *hinnēh*-*tōhû* *wābōhû*; and to the *šāmayim* and *ʾēyn* their *ʾôrām*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I saw/looked", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - formlessness/chaos", "*wābōhû*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/void", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their light" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "saw/looked at/observed", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*tōhû*": "formlessness/chaos/waste", "*wābōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*ʾôrām*": "their light/brightness/illumination" } }

  • 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמִ֤יעוּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּקוֹלָ֔ם וְיִזְעֲק֖וּ מָרָ֑ה וְיַעֲל֤וּ עֽ͏ָפָר֙ עַל־רָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם בָּאֵ֖פֶר יִתְפַּלָּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "And-*hišmîʿû* against-you [feminine] with-*qôlām*, and-*yizʿăqû* *mārāh*, and-*yaʿălû* *ʿāpār* upon-*rāʾšêhem*, in-the-*ʾēper* *yitpallāšû*", "grammar": { "*hišmîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will cause to hear/sound", "*qôlām*": "masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*yizʿăqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will cry out", "*mārāh*": "feminine singular - bitterly", "*yaʿălû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will bring up", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular - dust", "*rāʾšêhem*": "masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heads", "*ʾēper*": "masculine singular - ashes", "*yitpallāšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they will roll themselves" }, "variants": { "*hišmîʿû*": "they will cause to hear/raise/lift up", "*mārāh*": "bitterly/with bitterness", "*yitpallāšû*": "they will roll themselves/wallow" } }

  • 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.13", "source": "מִקֶּ֤צֶף יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֔ב וְהָיְתָ֥ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה כֻּלָּ֑הּ כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "From-*qeṣep* *YHWH* not *tēšēb* and-*hāyĕtâ* *šĕmāmâ* all-of-her all *ʿōbēr* upon-*Bābel* *yiššōm* and-*yišrōq* upon-all-*makkôtêhā*.", "grammar": { "*qeṣep*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wrath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited", "*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*šĕmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be appalled", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*makkôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wounds/plagues" }, "variants": { "*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*tēšēb*": "she will be inhabited/dwelt in", "*šĕmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*yiššōm*": "he will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yišrōq*": "he will hiss/whistle (gesture of scorn or amazement)", "*makkôtêhā*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters" } }

  • 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.24.12", "source": "תְּאֻנִ֖ים הֶלְאָ֑ת וְלֹֽא־תֵצֵ֤א מִמֶּ֙נָּה֙ רַבַּ֣ת חֶלְאָתָ֔הּ בְּאֵ֖שׁ חֶלְאָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*tə'unîm* *hel'āṯ* and not *ṯēṣē'* from her *rabbaṯ* *ḥel'āṯāh*; in *'ēš* *ḥel'āṯāh*.", "grammar": { "*tə'unîm*": "masculine plural noun - exhaustions/labors/toils", "*hel'āṯ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has wearied/made tired", "*ṯēṣē'*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will go out/come out", "*rabbaṯ*": "adjective, feminine singular construct - abundance of/much of", "*ḥel'āṯāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its rust/filth", "*'ēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ḥel'āṯāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its rust/filth" }, "variants": { "*tə'unîm*": "exhaustions/labors/toils/efforts", "*hel'āṯ*": "she has wearied/made tired/exhausted", "*ṯēṣē'*": "it will go out/come out/depart", "*rabbaṯ*": "abundance of/much of/great amount of", "*ḥel'āṯāh*": "its rust/filth/corrosion", "*'ēš*": "fire/flame" } }

  • 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.48.6", "source": "הֵ֣מָּה רָ֭אוּ כֵּ֣ן תָּמָ֑הוּ נִבְהֲל֥וּ נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃", "text": "*hēmmāh rāʾû* so *tāmāhû nibhălû neḥpāzû*", "grammar": { "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they saw", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*tāmāhû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they were amazed", "*nibhălû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they were terrified/dismayed", "*neḥpāzû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they fled in alarm/hurried away" }, "variants": { "*rāʾû*": "saw/beheld/looked at", "*tāmāhû*": "were amazed/were astonished/were stunned", "*nibhălû*": "were terrified/were alarmed/were dismayed", "*neḥpāzû*": "fled in alarm/hurried away/panicked" } }

  • 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.14", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן הִרְחִ֤יבָה שְּׁאוֹל֙ נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּפָעֲרָ֥ה פִ֖יהָ לִבְלִי־חֹ֑ק וְיָרַ֨ד הֲדָרָ֧הּ וַהֲמוֹנָ֛הּ וּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּ וְעָלֵ֥ז בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "Therefore *lākēn* *šəʾôl* has *hirḥîbâ* its *napšāhּ* and *ûpāʿărâ* its *pîhā* without *liblî*-*ḥōq*; and *wəyārad* into it her *hădārāhּ* and her *wahămônāhּ* and her *ûšəʾônāhּ* and *wəʿālēz* in it.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*šəʾôl*": "proper noun, feminine - Sheol", "*hirḥîbâ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - has enlarged", "*napšāhּ*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its throat/desire", "*ûpāʿărâ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and opened wide", "*pîhā*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its mouth", "*liblî*": "preposition with negative particle - without", "*ḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - limit/measure", "*wəyārad*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and goes down", "*hădārāhּ*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her splendor", "*wahămônāhּ*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her multitude", "*ûšəʾônāhּ*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her uproar", "*wəʿālēz*": "conjunction with adjective masculine singular - and one who rejoices" }, "variants": { "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave", "*napšāhּ*": "throat/desire/appetite", "*ḥōq*": "limit/measure/boundary", "*hădārāhּ*": "splendor/majesty/glory", "*hămônāhּ*": "multitude/abundance/crowd", "*šəʾônāhּ*": "uproar/tumult/noise", "*ʿālēz*": "one who rejoices/exults/is jubilant" } }