Isaiah 3:24

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.3.24", "source": "וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי", "text": "And-*hāyāh* instead-of *bōśem* *maq* *yihyeh*, and-instead-of *ḥăgôrāh* *niqpāh*, and-instead-of *maʿăśeh* *miqšeh* *qorḥāh*, and-instead-of *pətîgîl* *maḥăgōret* *śāq*; for-instead-of *yōpî*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*bōśem*": "noun, masculine singular - perfume/spice", "*maq*": "noun, masculine singular - rottenness/decay", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there will be", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - belt/girdle", "*niqpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rope/cord", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work of", "*miqšeh*": "noun, masculine singular - well-set hair/braided work", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*pətîgîl*": "noun, masculine singular - rich robe/expensive garment", "*maḥăgōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - girding of", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yōpî*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "will be/become/happen", "*taḥat*": "instead of/in place of/underneath", "*bōśem*": "perfume/spice/sweet smell", "*maq*": "rottenness/decay/stench", "*ḥăgôrāh*": "belt/girdle/sash", "*niqpāh*": "rope/cord/binding", "*maʿăśeh miqšeh*": "well-set hair/braided work/artistic hairdo", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot/shaved head", "*pətîgîl*": "rich robe/expensive garment/festive dress", "*maḥăgōret śāq*": "girding of sackcloth/sackcloth covering", "*yōpî*": "beauty/prettiness/attractiveness" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי

Transliteration

And-hāyāh instead-of bōśem maq yihyeh, and-instead-of ḥăgôrāh niqpāh, and-instead-of maʿăśeh miqšeh qorḥāh, and-instead-of pətîgîl maḥăgōret śāq; for-instead-of yōpî

Grammar Details

• *wəhāyāh*: conjunction with Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be
• *taḥat*: preposition - instead of/in place of
• *bōśem*: noun, masculine singular - perfume/spice
• *maq*: noun, masculine singular - rottenness/decay
• *yihyeh*: Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there will be
• *ḥăgôrāh*: noun, feminine singular - belt/girdle
• *niqpāh*: noun, feminine singular - rope/cord
• *maʿăśeh*: noun, masculine singular construct - work of
• *miqšeh*: noun, masculine singular - well-set hair/braided work
• *qorḥāh*: noun, feminine singular - baldness
• *pətîgîl*: noun, masculine singular - rich robe/expensive garment
• *maḥăgōret*: noun, feminine singular construct - girding of
• *śāq*: noun, masculine singular - sackcloth
• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *yōpî*: noun, masculine singular - beauty

Word Meanings

• *hāyāh*: will be/become/happen
• *taḥat*: instead of/in place of/underneath
• *bōśem*: perfume/spice/sweet smell
• *maq*: rottenness/decay/stench
• *ḥăgôrāh*: belt/girdle/sash
• *niqpāh*: rope/cord/binding
• *maʿăśeh miqšeh*: well-set hair/braided work/artistic hairdo
• *qorḥāh*: baldness/bald spot/shaved head
• *pətîgîl*: rich robe/expensive garment/festive dress
• *maḥăgōret śāq*: girding of sackcloth/sackcloth covering
• *yōpî*: beauty/prettiness/attractiveness

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Instead of perfume, there will be a stench; instead of a belt, a rope; instead of well-set hair, baldness; instead of fine clothing, sackcloth; and branding instead of beauty.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instead of beauty.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of a sweet smell there shall be stench; instead of a sash, a rope; instead of well-styled hair, baldness; instead of a rich robe, a binding of sackcloth; and branding instead of beauty.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instead of beauty.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices{H1314} there shall be rottenness;{H4716} and instead of a girdle,{H2290} a rope;{H5364} and instead of well set{H4639} hair,{H4748} baldness;{H7144} and instead of a robe,{H6614} a girding{H4228} of sackcloth;{H8242} branding{H3587} instead of beauty.{H3308}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell{H1314} there shall be stink{H4716}; and instead of a girdle{H2290} a rent{H5364}; and instead of well set{H4639} hair{H4748} baldness{H7144}; and instead of a stomacher{H6614} a girding{H4228} of sackcloth{H8242}; and burning{H3587} instead of beauty{H3308}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And in steade of good smell there shalbe stynck amonge them. And for their gyrdles there shalbe lowse bondes. And for wellset hayre there shalbe baldnesse. In steade of a stomacher, a sack cloth, and for their bewty wythrednesse and sonneburnynge.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And in steade of sweete sauour, there shall be stinke, and in steade of a girdle, a rent, and in steade of dressing of the heare, baldnesse, and in steade of a stomacher, a girding of sackecloth, and burning in steade of beautie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And in steade of good smell there shalbe stincke, and in steade of their girdle a rent, and for well set heere there shalbe baldnesse, in steade of a stomacher a sacke cloth, & sunne burnyng for beautie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And it shall come to pass, [that] instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; [and] burning instead of beauty.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It shall happen that instead of sweet spices, there shall be rottenness; Instead of a belt, a rope; Instead of well set hair, baldness; Instead of a robe, a girding of sackcloth; And branding instead of beauty.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it hath been, instead of spice is muck, And instead of a girdle, a rope, And instead of curled work, baldness, And instead of a stomacher a girdle of sackcloth.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall be rottenness; and instead of a girdle, a rope; and instead of well set hair, baldness; and instead of a robe, a girding of sackcloth; branding instead of beauty.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall be rottenness; and instead of a girdle, a rope; and instead of well set hair, baldness; and instead of a robe, a girding of sackcloth; branding instead of beauty.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And in the place of sweet spices will be an evil smell, and for a fair band a thick cord; for a well-dressed head there will be the cutting-off of the hair, and for a beautiful robe there will be the clothing of sorrow; the mark of the prisoner in place of the ornaments of the free.

• World English Bible (2000)

  It shall happen that instead of sweet spices, there shall be rottenness; instead of a belt, a rope; instead of well set hair, baldness; instead of a robe, a wearing of sackcloth; and branding instead of beauty.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  A putrid stench will replace the smell of spices, a rope will replace a belt, baldness will replace braided locks of hair, a sackcloth garment will replace a fine robe, and a prisoner’s brand will replace beauty.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 22:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.12", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לִבְכִי֙ וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר שָֽׂק׃", "text": "And-*yiqrāʾ* *ʾᵃdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* in-the-*yôm* the-that to-*bᵉkî* and-to-*mispēd* and-to-*qorḥāh* and-to-*ḥᵃgōr* *śāq*", "grammar": { "וַיִּקְרָ֗א": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, apocopated - and he called", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies", "בַּיּ֣וֹם": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the day", "הַה֑וּא": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "לִבְכִי֙": "preposition + masculine singular - to weeping", "וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular - and to mourning", "וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular - and to baldness", "וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and to gird", "*śāq*": "masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned/invited", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "my Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*bᵉkî*": "weeping/crying", "*mispēd*": "mourning/wailing/lamentation", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*ḥᵃgōr*": "gird/wrap/put on", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (rough cloth worn during mourning)" } }
• Lam 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.10", "source": "יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*yēšəḇû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *yiddəmû* *ziqnê* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *heʿĕlû* *ʿāp̄ār* on-*rōʾšām* *ḥāḡərû* *śaqqîm* *hôrîḏû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *rōʾšān* *bəṯûlōṯ* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*yēšəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sit", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the ground", "*yiddəmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are silent", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*heʿĕlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have cast up", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust", "*ʿal-rōʾšām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*ḥāḡərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have girded themselves with", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*hôrîḏû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have brought down", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*rōʾšān*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their heads", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - virgins of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*yēšəḇû*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*yiddəmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumb", "*heʿĕlû*": "cast up/bring up/raise", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ashes", "*ḥāḡərû*": "gird oneself/put on/tie around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (garment of mourning)", "*hôrîḏû*": "bring down/cause to descend/lower", "*bəṯûlōṯ*": "virgins/maidens/young unmarried women" } }
• Ezek 27:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.31", "source": "וְהִקְרִ֤יחוּ אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְחָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים וּבָכ֥וּ אֵלַ֛יִךְ בְּמַר־נֶ֖פֶשׁ מִסְפֵּ֥ד מָֽר׃", "text": "And-*hiqrîḥû* to-you [feminine] *qorḥāh*, and-*ḥāgərû* *śaqqîm*, and-*bākû* to-you [feminine] with-*mar*-*nepeš* *mispēd* *mār*", "grammar": { "*hiqrîḥû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will make bald", "*qorḥāh*": "feminine singular - baldness", "*ḥāgərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural - sackcloth", "*bākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will weep", "*mar*": "masculine singular - bitterness", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular - soul", "*mispēd*": "masculine singular - mourning/lamentation", "*mār*": "masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*hiqrîḥû qorḥāh*": "they will make baldness/shave their heads", "*ḥāgərû śaqqîm*": "they will gird sackcloth/wrap themselves in sackcloth", "*mar-nepeš*": "bitterness of soul/bitter soul/inner grief", "*mispēd mār*": "bitter lamentation/bitter mourning" } }
• Isa 15:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.3", "source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃", "text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets", "*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places", "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas", "*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down" } }
• Amos 8:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Amos.8.10", "source": "וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃", "text": "And *wəhāpaḵtî* your *ḥaggêḵem* to *ʾēbel* and all your *šîrêḵem* to *qînâ* and *wəhaʿălêtî* upon all *motnayim* *śāq* and upon all *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and *wəśamtîhā* like *ʾēbel* *yāḥîd* and *ʾaḥărîtāh* like day *mār*", "grammar": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will turn/change", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your festivals", "*lə-*": "preposition - to/into", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*šîrêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your songs", "*qînâ*": "noun, feminine singular - lamentation/dirge", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "hiphil perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will bring up/cause to come up", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*wəśamtîhā*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*kə-*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mourning of", "*yāḥîd*": "adjective, masculine singular - only/only one", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like day of", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "I will turn/I will change/I will transform", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "your festivals/your feasts/your celebrations", "*ʾēbel*": "mourning/grief", "*šîrêḵem*": "your songs/your singing", "*qînâ*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "I will bring up/I will cause to come up", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth (sign of mourning)", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/baldness (sign of mourning)", "*yāḥîd*": "only/only child/only son", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "its end/its aftermath/its conclusion", "*mār*": "bitter/bitterness" } }
• Mic 1:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Micah.1.16", "source": "קָרְחִ֣י וָגֹ֔זִּי עַל־בְּנֵ֖י תַּעֲנוּגָ֑יִךְ הַרְחִ֤בִי קָרְחָתֵךְ֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר כִּ֥י גָל֖וּ מִמֵּֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "*Qārəḥî* and-*ḡōzzî* upon-*bənê* *taʿănûḡāyiḵ* *harḥîḇî* *qārəḥāṯēḵ* like-the-*nešer* for *gālû* from-you", "grammar": { "*Qārəḥî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - make yourself bald", "*ḡōzzî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - shave/cut off", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*taʿănûḡāyiḵ*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - your delights", "*harḥîḇî*": "hifil imperative, feminine singular - make wide/enlarge", "*qārəḥāṯēḵ*": "common noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - your baldness", "*nešer*": "common noun with definite article, masculine singular - the eagle/vulture", "*gālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have gone into exile" }, "variants": { "*Qārəḥî*": "make yourself bald/shave your head", "*ḡōzzî*": "shave/cut off/shear", "*bənê*": "sons/children/offspring", "*taʿănûḡāyiḵ*": "your delights/pleasures/favorite children", "*harḥîḇî*": "make wide/enlarge/extend", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey", "*gālû*": "gone into exile/deported/carried away" } }
• 1 Pet 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Peter.3.3", "source": "Ὧν ἔστω οὐχ ὁ ἔξωθεν ἐμπλοκῆς τριχῶν, καὶ περιθέσεως χρυσίων, ἢ ἐνδύσεως ἱματίων κόσμος·", "text": "Of-whom let-be not the *exōthen emplokēs trichōn*, and *peritheseōs chrysiōn*, or *endyseōs himatiōn kosmos*;", "grammar": { "*hōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of whom/whose", "*estō*": "present imperative, 3rd singular - let be/let it be", "*exōthen*": "adverb - outside/external/outward", "*emplokēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - braiding/plaiting", "*trichōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of hairs", "*peritheseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - putting around/wearing", "*chrysiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of gold ornaments/jewelry", "*endyseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - putting on/wearing", "*himatiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of garments/clothing", "*kosmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - adornment/decoration/order" }, "variants": { "*exōthen*": "external/outward/from outside", "*emplokēs*": "braiding/plaiting/interweaving", "*trichōn*": "hair/hair-strands", "*peritheseōs*": "putting around/wearing/adorning with", "*chrysiōn*": "gold items/gold jewelry/golden ornaments", "*endyseōs*": "putting on/wearing/clothing with", "*himatiōn*": "garments/clothes/robes", "*kosmos*": "adornment/decoration/order/arrangement" } }
• Esth 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Esther.2.12", "source": "וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩ נַעֲרָ֨ה וְנַעֲרָ֜ה לָב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ מִקֵּץ֩ הֱי֨וֹת לָ֜הּ כְּדָ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר חֹ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י מְרוּקֵיהֶ֑ן שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמֹּ֔ר וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔ים וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖י הַנָּשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And-in-*haggîaʿ* *tōr* *naʿărâ* and-*naʿărâ* to-come to-the-*meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš* from-*qēṣ* *hĕyôṯ* to-her according-to-*dāṯ* the-*nāšîm* twelve *ḥōdeš* for thus *yimlʾû* *yəmê* *mərûqêhen* six *ḥŏdāšîm* in-*šemen* the-*mōr* and-six *ḥŏdāšîm* in-the-*bəśāmîm* and-in-*ṯamrûqê* the-*nāšîm*.", "grammar": { "*haggîaʿ*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - arriving", "*tōr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - turn of", "*naʿărâ*": "noun, feminine singular - young woman", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*hĕyôṯ*": "infinitive construct, qal - being", "*dāṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/custom of", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women", "*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - month", "*yimlʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were completed", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*mərûqêhen*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their purification", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*šemen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - oil of", "*mōr*": "noun, masculine singular - myrrh", "*bəśāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - spices/perfumes", "*ṯamrûqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - cosmetics of" }, "variants": { "*haggîaʿ*": "arriving/reaching/coming to/at the time of", "*tōr*": "turn/order/appointed time", "*dāṯ*": "law/custom/regulation/practice", "*yimlʾû*": "were completed/were fulfilled/came to an end", "*mərûqêhen*": "their purification/their beautification/their preparation", "*šemen*": "oil/perfume", "*mōr*": "myrrh/fragrant resin", "*bəśāmîm*": "spices/perfumes/aromatics", "*ṯamrûqê*": "cosmetics/beauty preparations/purification items" } }
• Job 16:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Job.16.15", "source": "שַׂ֣ק תָּ֭פַרְתִּי עֲלֵ֣י גִלְדִּ֑י וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּי בֶעָפָ֣ר קַרְנִֽי׃", "text": "*śaq* *tāpartî* *ʿălê* *gildî* *wə-ʿōlaltî* *beʿāpār* *qarnî*", "grammar": { "*śaq*": "noun masculine singular - sackcloth", "*tāpartî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have sewn", "*ʿălê*": "preposition - upon", "*gildî*": "noun masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my skin", "*wə-ʿōlaltî*": "conjunction + Pilel perfect 1st singular - and I have defiled", "*beʿāpār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in the dust", "*qarnî*": "noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my horn" }, "variants": { "*śaq*": "sackcloth, mourning cloth", "*tāpartî*": "to sew, stitch together", "*gildî*": "skin, hide", "*ʿōlaltî*": "to thrust in, defile, insert", "*ʿāpār*": "dust, powder, earth", "*qarnî*": "horn, power, dignity" } }
• Prov 7:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.7.17", "source": "נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן׃", "text": "I *nap̄tî* my *miškāḇî* with *mōr* *ʾăhālîm* and *qinnāmôn*.", "grammar": { "*nap̄tî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sprinkled/perfumed", "*miškāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bed", "*mōr*": "noun, masculine singular - myrrh", "*ʾăhālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - aloes", "*qinnāmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - cinnamon" }, "variants": { "*nap̄tî*": "sprinkled/perfumed/scented", "*ʾăhālîm*": "aloes/sandalwood" } }
• Prov 31:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.24", "source": "סָדִ֣ין עָ֭שְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר נָתְנָ֥ה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי", "text": "*sādîn* *ʿāśĕtāh* *wattimkōr* *waḥăgôr* *nātĕnāh* *lakkĕnaʿănî*", "grammar": { "*sādîn*": "noun, masculine singular - linen cloth/garment", "*ʿāśĕtāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she makes", "*wattimkōr*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular - and she sells", "*waḥăgôr*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and belt/sash", "*nātĕnāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she gives", "*lakkĕnaʿănî*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + adjective masculine singular - to the Canaanite/merchant" }, "variants": { "*sādîn*": "linen cloth/garment/sheet", "*ʿāśĕtāh*": "she makes/produces/manufactures", "*timkōr*": "she sells/trades", "*ḥăgôr*": "belt/sash/girdle", "*nātĕnāh*": "she gives/delivers/provides", "*kĕnaʿănî*": "Canaanite/merchant/trader" } }
• Isa 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.4.4", "source": "אִ֣ם ׀ רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣ת בְּנוֹת־צִיּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽר׃", "text": "When *rāḥaṣ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾēt* *ṣōʾat* *benōt*-*ṣiyyōn* and *ʾet*-*demēy* *Yerūšalaim* he will *yādiaḥ* from *qirbāh* by *rūaḥ* *mišpāṭ* and by *rūaḥ* *bāʿēr*.", "grammar": { "*rāḥaṣ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he washes/cleanses", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - filth/excrement of", "*benōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*ṣiyyōn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*demēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - blood of", "*Yerūšalaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yādiaḥ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will rinse/wash away", "*qirbāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her midst", "*rūaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment", "*bāʿēr*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - burning/purging" }, "variants": { "*rāḥaṣ*": "wash/cleanse/rinse", "*ṣōʾat*": "filth/excrement/impurity", "*yādiaḥ*": "rinse away/wash away/cleanse", "*rūaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*bāʿēr*": "burning/consuming/purging" } }
• Isa 32:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.9", "source": "נָשִׁים֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת קֹ֖מְנָה שְׁמַ֣עְנָה קוֹלִ֑י בָּנוֹת֙ בֹּֽטח֔וֹת הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִֽי׃", "text": "*nāšîm* *šaʾănannôt* *qûm* *šāmaʿ* voice-my, *bānôt* *bōṭəḥôt* *ʾāzan* *ʾimrâ*-my.", "grammar": { "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - complacent, at ease", "*qûm*": "qal imperative feminine plural - rise up", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - hear, listen", "*qôlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*bānôt*": "feminine plural noun - daughters", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*ʾāzan*": "hiphil imperative feminine plural - give ear, listen", "*ʾimrâtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my speech, word" }, "variants": { "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*šaʾănannôt*": "complacent ones/at ease/secure", "*qûm*": "rise up/stand/get up", "*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bānôt*": "daughters/women/female descendants", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*ʾāzan*": "give ear/listen attentively/pay attention", "*ʾimrâ*": "speech/word/saying" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.10", "source": "יָמִים֙ עַל־שָׁנָ֔ה תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת כִּ֚י כָּלָ֣ה בָצִ֔יר אֹ֖סֶף בְּלִ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*yāmîm* upon-*šānâ* shall-*rāgaz* *bōṭəḥôt* for *kālâ* *bāṣîr*, *ʾōsep* without shall-*bôʾ*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*rāgaz*": "qal imperfect 2nd feminine plural - you will tremble, be agitated", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*kālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has ended, finished", "*bāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grape harvest, vintage", "*ʾōsep*": "masculine singular noun - ingathering, harvest", "*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will come" }, "variants": { "*yāmîm*": "days/time/period", "*šānâ*": "year", "*rāgaz*": "to tremble/be agitated/be troubled", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*kālâ*": "has ended/finished/completed", "*bāṣîr*": "grape harvest/vintage/grape gathering", "*ʾōsep*": "ingathering/harvest/gathering", "*bôʾ*": "to come/enter/arrive" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.32.11", "source": "חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ḥārad* *šaʾănannôt*, *rāgaz* *bōṭəḥôt*; *pāšaṭ* and-*ʿārâ* and-*ḥāgar* upon-*ḥălāṣayim*.", "grammar": { "*ḥārad*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be anxious", "*šaʾănannôt*": "adjective feminine plural - complacent, at ease", "*rāgaz*": "qal imperative feminine plural - tremble, be agitated", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - confident ones, trusting ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - strip off", "*ʿārâ*": "qal imperative feminine plural - make bare, uncover", "*ḥāgar*": "qal imperative feminine plural - gird, put on", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "masculine dual noun - loins, waist" }, "variants": { "*ḥārad*": "tremble/be anxious/be afraid", "*šaʾănannôt*": "complacent ones/at ease/secure", "*rāgaz*": "tremble/be agitated/be troubled", "*bōṭəḥôt*": "confident ones/trusting ones/secure ones", "*pāšaṭ*": "strip off/remove/take off", "*ʿārâ*": "make bare/uncover/expose", "*ḥāgar*": "gird/put on/clothe oneself", "*ḥălāṣayim*": "loins/waist/hips" } }
• Isa 57:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.9", "source": "וַתָּשֻׁ֤רִי לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וַתַּרְבִּ֖י רִקֻּחָ֑יִךְ וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֤י צִרַ֙יִךְ֙ עַד־מֵ֣רָחֹ֔ק וַתַּשְׁפִּ֖ילִי עַד־שְׁאֽוֹל׃", "text": "*wattāšurî* *lammelek* *baššemen* *wattarbî* *riqqḥāyik* *wattəšalləḥî* *ṣirayik* *ʿad-mērāḥōq* *wattašpîlî* *ʿad-šəʾôl*.", "grammar": { "*wattāšurî*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you journeyed/went", "*lammelek*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - to the king/Molech", "*baššemen*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - with the oil", "*wattarbî*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you multiplied/increased", "*riqqḥāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your perfumes/ointments", "*wattəšalləḥî*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you sent", "*ṣirayik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your envoys/messengers", "*ʿad-mērāḥōq*": "preposition + preposition + noun/adverb - unto far away", "*wattašpîlî*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you debased/brought low", "*ʿad-šəʾôl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - unto Sheol/the grave" }, "variants": { "*wattāšurî*": "you journeyed/traveled/brought tribute", "*melek*": "king/Molech (deity)", "*riqqḥāyik*": "your perfumes/ointments/aromatic preparations", "*ṣirayik*": "your envoys/ambassadors/messengers", "*mērāḥōq*": "far away/distant place", "*wattašpîlî*": "you brought low/humbled/debased yourself", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/death" } }
• Jer 4:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.8", "source": "עַל־זֹ֛את חִגְר֥וּ שַׂקִּ֖ים סִפְד֣וּ וְהֵילִ֑ילוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־שָׁ֛ב חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ פ", "text": "On *zōʾt* *ḥigrû* *śaqqîm*, *sipdû* and *hêlîlû*, for not *šāb* *ḥărôn* *ʾap*-*Yhwh* from us", "grammar": { "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ḥigrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*sipdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lament/mourn", "*hêlîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*šāb*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has turned back/away", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular noun, construct - heat of", "*ʾap*": "masculine singular noun - anger/nostrils", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*zōʾt*": "this/this thing", "*ḥigrû*": "gird/put on/clothe yourselves with", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth/garments of mourning", "*sipdû*": "lament/mourn/wail", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/cry out", "*šāb*": "turned back/away/withdrawn", "*ḥărôn*": "heat/burning/intensity", "*ʾap*": "anger/nostrils/wrath" } }
• Jer 6:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.26", "source": "בַּת־עַמִּ֤י חִגְרִי־שָׂק֙ וְהִתְפַּלְּשִׁ֣י בָאֵ֔פֶר אֵ֤בֶל יָחִיד֙ עֲשִׂ֣י לָ֔ךְ מִסְפַּ֖ד תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים כִּ֣י פִתְאֹ֔ם יָבֹ֥א הַשֹּׁדֵ֖ד עָלֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "Daughter-of-my-*ʿammî* *ḥigrî*-*śāq* and-*hitpallšî* in-the-*ʾēper* *ʾēbel* *yāḥîd* *ʿăśî* for-yourself *mispad* *tamrûrîm* for *pitʾōm* *yābōʾ* the-*šōdēd* upon-us.", "grammar": { "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ḥigrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - gird yourself", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*hitpallšî*": "hithpael imperative, feminine singular - roll yourself", "*ʾēper*": "noun, masculine singular - ashes/dust", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*yāḥîd*": "adjective, masculine singular - only/beloved [child]", "*ʿăśî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - make", "*mispad*": "noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing", "*tamrûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bitterness", "*pitʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly", "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come", "*šōdēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - destroyer" }, "variants": { "*hitpallšî*": "roll yourself/wallow", "*ʾēbel* *yāḥîd*": "mourning for an only child/bitter grief", "*mispad* *tamrûrîm*": "bitter lamentation/most bitter wailing", "*šōdēd*": "destroyer/ravager/plunderer" } }
• Jer 48:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.37", "source": "כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֙יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃", "text": "Because every *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and every *zāqān* *geruʿâ* upon all *yādayim* *gedudōt* and upon *motnayim* *śāq*", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine singular - beard", "*geruʿâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - cut off/clipped", "*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands", "*gedudōt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - cut/gashed", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/bald spot", "*zāqān*": "beard/chin", "*geruʿâ*": "cut off/clipped/diminished", "*yādayim*": "hands/arms", "*gedudōt*": "cut/gashed/with incisions", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/mourning garment" } }
• Jer 49:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.3", "source": "הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃", "text": "*hêlîlî* *ḥešbôn* because *šuddədāh*-*ʿay*, *ṣəʿaqnāh* *bənôt* *rabbāh*, *ḥăgōrnāh* *śaqqîm*, *səp̱ōdnāh* *wə*-*hitšôṭaṭnāh* in-*gədērôt*; because *malkām* into-*gôlāh* *yēlēk*, *kōhănāyw* *wə*-*śārāyw* *yaḥdāw*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - wail/howl", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*šuddədāh*": "pual perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has been devastated", "*ʿay*": "proper noun - Ai (city)", "*ṣəʿaqnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - cry out", "*bənôt*": "feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*rabbāh*": "proper noun - Rabbah (capital city of Ammon)", "*ḥăgōrnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*səp̱ōdnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - lament/mourn", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "hithpael imperative, feminine plural - roam about/run to and fro", "*gədērôt*": "feminine plural noun + definite article - sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)", "*gôlāh*": "feminine singular noun with prefix - exile/captivity", "*yēlēk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will go", "*kōhănāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his priests", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his princes/officials", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*gədērôt*": "sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "roam about/run to and fro/wander aimlessly" } }
• Rev 11:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.11.3", "source": "Καὶ δώσω τοῖς δυσὶν μάρτυσίν μου, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἑξήκοντα, περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους.", "text": "And I will *dōsō* to the *dysin* *martysin* of me, and they will *prophēteusousin* *hēmeras* *chilias* *diakosias* *hexēkonta*, having been *peribeblēmenoi* *sakkous*.", "grammar": { "*dōsō*": "future active indicative, 1st singular - I will give", "*dysin*": "dative masculine plural - to two", "*martysin*": "dative masculine plural - to witnesses", "*prophēteusousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will prophesy", "*hēmeras*": "accusative feminine plural - days", "*chilias*": "accusative feminine singular - thousand", "*diakosias*": "accusative feminine plural - two hundred", "*hexēkonta*": "numeral - sixty", "*peribeblēmenoi*": "perfect middle/passive participle, nominative masculine plural - having been clothed", "*sakkous*": "accusative masculine plural - sackcloth/rough garments" }, "variants": { "*martysin*": "witnesses/martyrs/testifiers", "*prophēteusousin*": "prophesy/speak forth/declare", "*peribeblēmenoi*": "clothed/wrapped/covered", "*sakkous*": "sackcloth/rough garments/garments of mourning" } }
• Rev 16:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐκαυματίσθησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καῦμα μέγα, καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰς πληγὰς ταύτας: καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν δοῦναι αὐτῷ δόξαν.", "text": "And *ekaumatisthēsan* the *anthrōpoi* *kauma* *mega*, and they *eblasphēmēsan* the *onoma* of-the *Theou*, the one *echontos* *exousian* over the *plēgas* *tautas*: and not they *metenoēsan* to-*dounai* to-him *doxan*.", "grammar": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were scorched/burned", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*kauma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - heat/burning", "*mega*": "accusative, neuter, singular - great/intense", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/slandered", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*echontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*exousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - authority/power", "*plēgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - plagues/blows", "*tautas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - these", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - repented/changed mind", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor" }, "variants": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "were scorched/burned/seared", "*kauma*": "heat/burning/fever", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*onoma*": "name/reputation/character", "*echontos*": "having/possessing/holding", "*exousian*": "authority/power/control", "*plēgas*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*metenoēsan*": "repented/changed mind/turned", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } }
• Rev 18:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.9", "source": "Καὶ κλαύσονται ἀυτην, καὶ κόψονται ἐπʼ αὐτῇν, οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, οἱ μετʼ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καὶ στρηνιάσαντες, ὅταν βλέπωσιν τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς,", "text": "And *klausontai* her, and *kopsontai* over her, the *basileis* of the *gēs*, the ones with her *porneusantes* and *strēniasantes*, when they *blepōsin* the *kapnon* of the *pyrōseōs* of her,", "grammar": { "*klausontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - will weep/mourn", "*autēn*": "personal pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - her", "*kopsontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - will beat their breasts/lament", "*ep'*": "preposition + dative - over/for", "*autēn*": "personal pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - her", "*hoi basileis*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*hoi*": "article, nominative, masculine, plural - the ones", "*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*porneusantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having committed fornication", "*strēniasantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having lived luxuriously", "*hotan*": "temporal conjunction - when", "*blepōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they see/watch", "*ton kapnon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - smoke", "*tēs pyrōseōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - burning", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her" }, "variants": { "*klausontai*": "will weep/mourn/cry for", "*kopsontai*": "will beat their breasts/lament/mourn", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*porneusantes*": "having committed fornication/sexual immorality", "*strēniasantes*": "having lived luxuriously/sensually/in self-indulgence", "*blepōsin*": "see/watch/observe", "*kapnon*": "smoke", "*pyrōseōs*": "burning/conflagration/fire" } }
• Ezek 7:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.18", "source": "וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ḥāḡrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-kissəṯāh* *ʾôṯām* *pallāṣûṯ* *wə-ʾel* *kol*-*pānîm* *bûšāh* *û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem* *qorḥāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥāḡrû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-kissəṯāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will cover", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - shuddering/horror", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*kol*-*pānîm*": "construct + noun, masculine plural - all faces", "*bûšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - shame", "*û-ḇə-kol*-*rāʾšêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on all their heads", "*qorḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḡrû*": "gird/put on/wrap around", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth/rough cloth/mourning garment", "*kissəṯāh*": "cover/conceal/hide", "*pallāṣûṯ*": "shuddering/horror/trembling", "*pānîm*": "faces/presence", "*bûšāh*": "shame/disgrace", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness/bald spot [sign of mourning]" } }
• Lev 26:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.16", "source": "אַף־אֲנִ֞י אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂה־זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֗ם וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁחֶ֣פֶת וְאֶת־הַקַּדַּ֔חַת מְכַלּ֥וֹת עֵינַ֖יִם וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וַאֲכָלֻ֖הוּ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "Also-I *ʾeʿĕśeh*-*zōʾt* to-you and-*hipqadtî* upon-you *behālâ* *ʾet*-*haššaḥepet* and-*ʾet*-*haqqaddaḥat* *mekalôt* *ʿênayim* and-*medîbōt* *nāpeš* and-*zeraʿtem* to-*rîq* *zarʿăkem* and-*ʾăkāluhû* *ʾōyebêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hipqadtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will appoint", "*behālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - terror/sudden destruction", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haššaḥepet*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the consumption/tuberculosis", "*haqqaddaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the fever", "*mekalôt*": "verb, piel participle, feminine plural - consuming", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes", "*medîbōt*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine plural - causing to pine away", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul", "*zeraʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will sow", "*rîq*": "noun, masculine singular - emptiness/vanity", "*zarʿăkem*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your seed", "*ʾăkāluhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they will eat it", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*behālâ*": "terror/sudden destruction/panic", "*haššaḥepet*": "consumption/tuberculosis/wasting disease", "*haqqaddaḥat*": "fever/burning ague", "*mekalôt*": "consuming/destroying/wasting", "*medîbōt*": "causing to pine away/causing sorrow/causing grief", "*rîq*": "emptiness/vanity/for nothing" } }
• Deut 28:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.22", "source": "יַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*yakkəkâ* *YHWH* *baššaḥepet* *ûbaqqaddaḥat* *ûbaddalleket* *ûbaḥarḥur* *ûbaḥereb* *ûbaššiddāpôn* *ûbayyērāqôn* *ûrədāpûkā* *ʿad* *ʾobdekā*", "grammar": { "*yakkəkâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will strike you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*baššaḥepet*": "preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with consumption/wasting disease", "*ûbaqqaddaḥat*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with fever", "*ûbaddalleket*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with inflammation", "*ûbaḥarḥur*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with extreme burning", "*ûbaḥereb*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with sword", "*ûbaššiddāpôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with blight", "*ûbayyērāqôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with mildew", "*ûrədāpûkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they will pursue you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾobdekā*": "qal infinitive construct of אבד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your perishing" }, "variants": { "*yakkəkâ*": "strike/smite/hit you", "*baššaḥepet*": "consumption/tuberculosis/wasting disease", "*baqqaddaḥat*": "fever/burning ague", "*baddalleket*": "inflammation/severe fever", "*baḥarḥur*": "extreme burning/severe heat/fever", "*baḥereb*": "sword/drought/war", "*baššiddāpôn*": "blight/scorching of grain", "*bayyērāqôn*": "mildew/paleness/jaundice", "*ûrədāpûkā*": "they will pursue/follow/chase you", "*ʾobdekā*": "your perishing/destruction" } }
• Deut 32:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.24", "source": "מְזֵ֥י רָעָ֛ב וּלְחֻ֥מֵי רֶ֖שֶׁף וְקֶ֣טֶב מְרִירִ֑י וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמוֹת֙ אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּ֔ם עִם־חֲמַ֖ת זֹחֲלֵ֥י עָפָֽר׃", "text": "*məzê* *rāʿāḇ* and-*ləḥumê* *rešep̄* and-*qeṭeḇ* *mərîrî*; and-*šen*-*bəhêmôṯ* *ʾăšallaḥ*-in-them, with-*ḥămaṯ* *zōḥălê* *ʿāp̄ār*.", "grammar": { "*məzê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - exhausted of/wasted by", "*rāʿāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - hunger/famine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ləḥumê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - consumed by", "*rešep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - flame/burning/pestilence", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qeṭeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/plague", "*mərîrî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - bitter/poisonous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šen*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - tooth of", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - beasts/animals", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will send", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom/poison of", "*zōḥălê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - crawlers of/those crawling in", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine, singular - dust/soil/earth" }, "variants": { "*məzê*": "exhausted/wasted/sucked dry", "*rāʿāḇ*": "hunger/famine/starvation", "*ləḥumê*": "consumed/devoured/eaten up", "*rešep̄*": "flame/burning/pestilence/plague/fever", "*qeṭeḇ*": "destruction/plague/pestilence", "*mərîrî*": "bitter/poisonous/deadly", "*šen*": "tooth/fangs", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "beasts/animals/large creatures", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/let loose", "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*zōḥălê*": "crawlers/creepers/those who crawl", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ground" } }
• Joel 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Joel.1.8", "source": "אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾĔlî* *kiḇṯûlāh* *ḥăguraṯ*-*śaq* *ʿal*-*baʿal* *nəʿûrêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - lament, wail", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a virgin", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular construct - girded with", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, because of", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - husband of", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her youth" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlî*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "like a virgin/maiden", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "girded with/clothed with/wearing", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/garment of mourning", "*baʿal*": "husband/lord/master", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "her youth/her early life/her young age" } }