Isaiah 15:3

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.15.3", "source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃", "text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets", "*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places", "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas", "*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃

Transliteration

In ḥûṣōtāyw they ḥāḡerû śāq upon gaggôtehâ û-in reḥōḇōtehâ kullōh yeyēlîl yōrēd in the beḵî

Grammar Details

• *ḥûṣōtāyw*: noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets
• *ḥāḡerû*: qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on
• *śāq*: noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth
• *gaggôtehâ*: noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs
• *û*: conjunction - and
• *reḥōḇōtehâ*: noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places
• *kullōh*: noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone
• *yeyēlîl*: hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls
• *yōrēd*: qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending
• *beḵî*: noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping

Word Meanings

• *ḥûṣōtāyw*: its/his streets/outdoor areas
• *ḥāḡerû*: they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)
• *śāq*: sackcloth (mourning garment)
• *reḥōḇōtehâ*: her squares/open places/broad streets
• *yeyēlîl*: wails/howls/laments
• *yōrēd*: going down/descending/flowing down

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  In its streets, they wear sackcloth. On its rooftops and public squares, everyone wails, falling down in tears.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth; on the tops of their houses and in their streets, everyone shall wail, weeping abundantly.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  In their streets{H2351} they gird{H2296} themselves with sackcloth;{H8242} on their housetops,{H1406} and in their broad{H7339} places, every one waileth,{H3213} weeping{H1065} abundantly.{H3381}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  In their streets{H2351} they shall gird{H2296}{(H8804)} themselves with sackcloth{H8242}: on the tops{H1406} of their houses, and in their streets{H7339}, every one shall howl{H3213}{(H8686)}, weeping{H1065} abundantly{H3381}{(H8802)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  In their stretes were they gyrded aboute with sack cloth. In all the toppes of their houses & stretes was there nothinge, but mournynge and wepinge.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  In their streetes shall they bee gilded with sackecloth: on the toppes of their houses, and in their streetes euery one shall howle, and come downe with weeping.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  In her streetes are they girded about with sackcloth: In all the toppes of her houses and streetes shalbe nothyng but mournyng and weepyng.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, everyone wails, weeping abundantly.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  In its out-places they girded on sackcloth, On its pinnacles, and in its broad places, Every one howleth -- going down with weeping.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one waileth, weeping abundantly.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one waileth, weeping abundantly.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  In their streets they are covering themselves with haircloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their public places, there is crying and bitter weeping.

• World English Bible (2000)

  In their streets, they clothe themselves in sackcloth. In their streets and on their housetops, everyone wails, weeping abundantly.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  In their streets they wear sackcloth; on their roofs and in their town squares all of them wail, they fall down weeping.

Referenced Verses

• Jonah 3:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Jonah.3.6", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶך נִֽינְוֵ֔ה וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִכִּסְא֔וֹ וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ מֵֽעָלָ֑יו וַיְכַ֣ס שַׂ֔ק וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "And-*wayyiggaʿ* the-*dāḇār* to-*meleḵ* *nînəwēh* and-*wayyāqām* from-*kissəʾô* and-*wayyaʿăḇēr* *ʾaddarttô* from-*ʿālāyw* and-*wayəḵas* *śaq* and-*wayyēšeḇ* on-the-*ʾēp̄er*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiggaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it reached", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/matter", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh", "*wayyāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose", "*kissəʾô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his throne", "*wayyaʿăḇēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he removed", "*ʾaddarttô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his robe", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from upon him", "*wayəḵas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he covered", "*śaq*": "masculine singular noun - sackcloth", "*wayyēšeḇ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat", "*ʾēp̄er*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the ashes/dust" }, "variants": { "*wayyiggaʿ*": "and it reached/arrived at/came to", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/news/report", "*ʾaddarttô*": "his robe/mantle/royal garment", "*wayəḵas*": "and he covered/clothed/wrapped himself with", "*ʾēp̄er*": "dust/ashes/rubble" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jonah.3.7", "source": "וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃", "text": "And-*wayyazʿēq* and-*wayyōʾmer* in-*nînəwēh* from-*ṭaʿam* the-*meleḵ* and-*gəḏōlāyw* *lēʾmōr* the-*ʾāḏām* and-the-*bəhēmāh* the-*bāqār* and-the-*ṣōʾn* not-*yiṭʿămû* *məʾûmāh* not-*yirʿû* and-*mayim* not-*yištû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyazʿēq*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to cry out", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*nînəwēh*": "proper noun with preposition - in Nineveh", "*ṭaʿam*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - from decree/command of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*gəḏōlāyw*": "masculine plural adjective with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and conjunction - and his great ones", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind", "*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal", "*bāqār*": "masculine singular collective noun with definite article - the herd/cattle", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular collective noun with definite article and conjunction - and the flock/sheep", "*yiṭʿămû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not taste", "*məʾûmāh*": "indefinite pronoun - anything", "*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not graze/feed", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with conjunction - and water", "*yištû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not drink" }, "variants": { "*wayyazʿēq*": "and he proclaimed/cried out/made proclamation", "*ṭaʿam*": "decree/command/order/decision", "*gəḏōlāyw*": "his nobles/officials/great ones", "*məʾûmāh*": "anything/something/at all" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jonah.3.8", "source": "וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֗ים הָֽאָדָם֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וּמִן־הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*yiṯkassû* *śaqqîm* the-*ʾāḏām* and-the-*bəhēmāh* and-*yiqrəʾû* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* in-*ḥāzəqāh* and-*yāšuḇû* *ʾîš* from-*darkô* the-*rāʿāh* and-from-the-*ḥāmās* *ʾăšer* in-*kappêhem*.", "grammar": { "*yiṯkassû*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them cover themselves", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind", "*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal", "*yiqrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them call", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ḥāzəqāh*": "feminine singular adjective with preposition - with strength/force", "*yāšuḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them turn", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/person", "*darkô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his way", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the evil", "*ḥāmās*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - and from the violence", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*kappêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - in their palms/hands" }, "variants": { "*yiṯkassû*": "let them cover themselves/be covered/wrap themselves", "*ḥāzəqāh*": "strength/intensity/earnestness", "*yāšuḇû*": "let them turn/return/repent", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty" } }
• Matt 11:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Matthew.11.21", "source": "Οὐαί σοι, Χοραζίν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν.", "text": "*Ouai* to you, *Chorazin*! *ouai* to you, *Bēthsaida*! because if in *Tyrō* and *Sidōni* *egenonto* the *dynameis* the ones *genomenai* in you, long ago *an* in *sakkō* and *spodō* they *metenoēsan*.", "grammar": { "*Ouai*": "interjection - woe", "*Chorazin*": "vocative, proper noun - Chorazin", "*Bēthsaida*": "vocative, proper noun - Bethsaida", "*Tyrō*": "dative, feminine, singular - Tyre", "*Sidōni*": "dative, feminine, singular - Sidon", "*egenonto*": "aorist, middle, 3rd plural - happened/occurred", "*dynameis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - mighty works/powers", "*genomenai*": "aorist participle, middle, nominative, feminine, plural - having happened", "*an*": "conditional particle - would", "*sakkō*": "dative, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*spodō*": "dative, feminine, singular - ashes", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist, active, 3rd plural - they repented" }, "variants": { "*Ouai*": "woe/alas", "*egenonto*": "happened/occurred/took place", "*dynameis*": "mighty works/powers/miracles", "*genomenai*": "having happened/occurred/done", "*sakkō*": "sackcloth/rough cloth", "*spodō*": "ashes/dust", "*metenoēsan*": "they repented/changed their minds" } }
• Deut 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.8", "source": "כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס", "text": "When *tibneh* *bayit* *ḥādāš* and-*ʿāśîtā* *maʿăqeh* for-*gaggekā* and-not-*tāśîm* *dāmîm* in-*bêtekā* when-*yippōl* the-*nōp̄ēl* from-it.", "grammar": { "*tibneh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you build", "*bayit*": "noun masculine singular - house", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective masculine singular - new", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall make", "*maʿăqeh*": "noun masculine singular - parapet/railing", "*gaggekā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your roof", "*tāśîm*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you place/put", "*dāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - blood/bloodguilt", "*bêtekā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he falls", "*nōp̄ēl*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who falls" }, "variants": { "*maʿăqeh*": "parapet/railing/battlement", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodguilt/bloodshed", "*nōp̄ēl*": "one who falls/faller" } }
• 2 Sam 3:31 : 31 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.31", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יוֹאָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* to *yôʾāb* *wə-* to all *hā-ʿām* *ʾăšer* with him, *qirʿû* *bigdêkem* *wə-ḥigrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-sipdû* before *ʾabnēr* *wə-ha-melek* *dāwid* *hōlēk* after *ha-miṭṭâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*qirʿû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - tear/rend", "*bigdêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your garments", "*wə-ḥigrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-sipdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and lament/mourn", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*wə-ha-melek*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine singular - and the king", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going", "*ha-miṭṭâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the bier/bed" }, "variants": { "*qirʿû*": "tear/rend (as sign of mourning)", "*ḥigrû*": "gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (material worn in mourning)", "*sipdû*": "lament/mourn/wail", "*miṭṭâ*": "bier/bed/funeral couch" } }
• 2 Kgs 6:30 : 30 { "verseID": "2Kings.6.30", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְה֖וּא עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־הַחֹמָ֑ה וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַשַּׂ֛ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ מִבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* *ki-šəmōaʿ* *ha-melek* *ʾet-dibrê* *hā-ʾiššāh* *wə-yiqraʿ* *ʾet-bəgādāyw* *wə-hûʾ* *ʿōbēr* *ʿal-ha-ḥōmāh* *wə-yarʾ* *hā-ʿām* *wə-hinnēh* *ha-śaq* *ʿal-bəśārô* *mi-bāyit*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms apocopated - and it happened", "*ki-šəmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when heard", "*ha-melek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*ʾet-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*hā-ʾiššāh*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the woman", "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore", "*ʾet-bəgādāyw*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his clothes", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + independent personal pronoun 3ms - and he", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle ms - passing", "*ʿal-ha-ḥōmāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the wall", "*wə-yarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and saw", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ha-śaq*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sackcloth", "*ʿal-bəśārô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - on his flesh/body", "*mi-bāyit*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - underneath/within" }, "variants": { "*šəmōaʿ*": "hearing/listening to", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/speech", "*yiqraʿ*": "tore/rent/ripped", "*bəgādāyw*": "his clothes/garments/robes", "*ʿōbēr*": "passing/walking/going", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/rough cloth (worn in mourning)", "*bəśārô*": "his flesh/body/skin", "*mi-bāyit*": "underneath/beneath/inside" } }
• Isa 15:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.2", "source": "עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿālâ* the *bayit* *wə*-*Dîḇōn* the *bāmôt* for *beḵî* upon-*Neḇô* *wə*-upon *Mêdeḇāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *yeyēlîl* on all-*rōʾšāyw* *qorḥâ* all-*zāqān* *gerûʿâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the house/temple", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Dîḇōn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)", "*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the high places", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*Neḇô*": "proper noun - Nebo (place name)", "*Mêdeḇāʾ*": "proper noun - Medeba (place name)", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*rōʾšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his heads", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine, singular - beard", "*gerûʿâ*": "passive participle, feminine, singular - cut off/shaved" }, "variants": { "*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/has gone up", "*bayit*": "house/temple (possibly referring to temple in Moab)", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/cult sites", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*gerûʿâ*": "cut off/shaved/diminished (sign of mourning)" } }
• Isa 22:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א גֵּ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מַה־לָּ֣ךְ אֵפ֔וֹא כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית כֻּלָּ֖ךְ לַגַּגּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *gēʾ* *ḥizzāyôn* what-to-you *ʾēpôʾ* that-*ʿālît* all-of-you to-the-*gaggôt*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine singular - burden/oracle/utterance", "*gēʾ*": "construct state, masculine singular - valley of", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "masculine singular - vision", "מַה־לָּ֣ךְ": "interrogative + preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - what to you", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "interrogative particle - then/now", "כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - that you have gone up", "כֻּלָּ֖ךְ": "noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - all of you", "לַגַּגּֽוֹת": "preposition + definite article + plural noun - to the roofs" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/prophecy/utterance", "*gēʾ*": "valley/ravine", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "vision/revelation/prophecy", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "then/now/pray", "*ʿālît*": "ascended/gone up", "*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops" } }
• Isa 22:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.4", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֛רְתִּי שְׁע֥וּ מִנִּ֖י אֲמָרֵ֣ר בַּבֶּ֑כִי אַל־תָּאִ֣יצוּ לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי עַל־שֹׁ֖ד בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃", "text": "Upon-thus *ʾāmartî* *šᵉʿû* from-me *ʾᵃmārēr* in-the-*bekî* not-*tāʾîṣû* to-*naḥᵃmēnî* upon-*šōd* *bat*-*ʿammî*", "grammar": { "עַל־כֵּ֥ן": "preposition + adverb - therefore/because of this", "*ʾāmartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*šᵉʿû*": "Qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - look away/gaze away", "מִנִּ֖י": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*ʾᵃmārēr*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be bitter/weep bitterly", "בַּבֶּ֑כִי": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the weeping", "אַל־תָּאִ֣יצוּ": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - do not urge/press", "לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - to comfort me", "עַל־שֹׁ֖ד": "preposition + masculine singular construct - upon destruction of", "בַּת־עַמִּֽי": "feminine singular construct + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - daughter of my people" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/spoke", "*šᵉʿû*": "look away/gaze away/turn away", "*ʾᵃmārēr*": "I will be bitter/weep bitterly/wail", "*bekî*": "weeping/crying", "*tāʾîṣû*": "urge/press/hasten", "*naḥᵃmēnî*": "comfort me/console me", "*šōd*": "destruction/devastation/ruin", "*bat*": "daughter/female inhabitant", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation" } }
• Jer 19:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.19.13", "source": "וְהָי֞וּ בָּתֵּ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּבָתֵּי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּמְק֥וֹם הַתֹּ֖פֶת הַטְּמֵאִ֑ים לְכֹ֣ל הַבָּתִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטְּר֜וּ עַל־גַּגֹּֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְכֹל֙ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ נְסָכִ֖ים לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ פ", "text": "And-*hāyû* *bāttê* *Yərûšālaim* and-*bāttê* *malḵê* *Yəhûdāh* like-*məqôm* the-*tōp̄eṯ* the-*ṭəmēʾîm*; to-all the-*bāttîm* *ʾăšer* *qiṭṭərû* upon-*gaggōṯêhem* to-all *ṣəḇāʾ* the-*šāmayim* and-*hassēḵ* *nəsāḵîm* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they will be", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*tōp̄eṯ*": "proper noun - Topheth", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*qiṭṭərû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they offered incense", "*gaggōṯêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their roofs", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*hassēḵ*": "infinitive absolute - pouring out", "*nəsāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drink offerings", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*hāyû*": "they will be/become", "*bāttê*": "houses/homes/dwellings of", "*məqôm*": "place/site/location", "*tōp̄eṯ*": "Topheth (place name)", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean/defiled/impure", "*bāttîm*": "houses/homes/dwellings", "*qiṭṭərû*": "offered incense/made offerings/burned sacrifices", "*gaggōṯêhem*": "their roofs/housetops", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*hassēḵ*": "pouring out/offering libations", "*nəsāḵîm*": "drink offerings/libations", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange" } }
• Jer 48:38-39 : 38 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.38", "source": "עַ֣ל כָּל־גַּגּ֥וֹת מוֹאָ֛ב וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֖יהָ כֻּלֹּ֣ה מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב כִּכְלִ֛י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּ֖וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Upon all *gaggôt* *mōʾāb* and in *birḥōbōteyhā* all of it *mispēd* because *šābartî* *ʾet-mōʾāb* like *kelî* *ʾên-ḥēpeṣ* in it *neʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*gaggôt*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - roofs of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*birḥōbōteyhā*": "noun with possessive suffix and prefix, feminine plural - in its streets", "*mispēd*": "noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing", "*šābartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have broken", "*ʾet-mōʾāb*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Moab", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/implement", "*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "construct chain - no delight/pleasure", "*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops", "*birḥōbōteyhā*": "in its streets/squares/open places", "*mispēd*": "lamentation/wailing/mourning", "*šābartî*": "I have broken/shattered/smashed", "*kelî*": "vessel/implement/utensil", "*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "no delight/no pleasure/not desired", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 39 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.39", "source": "אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "How *ḥattāh* *hēylîlû*! How *hiphənāh-ʿōreph* *Môʾāb* *bôsh*! *wə-hāyāh* *Môʾāb* for *śəḥōq* and for *məḥittāh* to all *səbîbāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ḥattāh*": "3rd person feminine singular perfect - is broken/shattered/dismayed", "*hēylîlû*": "imperative plural - wail/howl", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "3rd person singular Hiphil perfect with noun - has turned (the) neck/back", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bôsh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - is ashamed/put to shame", "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become", "*śəḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - derision/laughter/mockery", "*məḥittāh*": "feminine singular noun - terror/dismay/ruin", "*səbîbāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its surroundings/neighbors" }, "variants": { "*ḥattāh*": "is broken/is shattered/is dismayed/is terrified", "*hēylîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "turned the back/fled/retreated", "*bôsh*": "is ashamed/is disgraced/is humiliated", "*məḥittāh*": "terror/dismay/ruin/object of horror" } }