1{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.1",
"source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֠י בְּלֵ֞יל שֻׁדַּ֨ד עָ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ נִדְמָ֔ה כִּ֗י בְּלֵ֛יל שֻׁדַּ֥ד קִיר־מוֹאָ֖ב נִדְמָֽה׃",
"text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *ʿār* *Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *qîr*-*Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine, singular - burden/oracle concerning",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun, absolute state - Moab",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/that",
"*layil*": "noun, masculine, singular - night",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste",
"*ʿār*": "proper noun - Ar (city in Moab)",
"*nidmâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin",
"*qîr*": "noun, construct state - wall/city/fortress",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste"
},
"variants": {
"*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/utterance",
"*nidmâ*": "was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin/ceased to be",
"*qîr*": "wall/city/fortress of Moab (likely a city name)"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.2",
"source": "עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃",
"text": "*ʿālâ* the *bayit* *wə*-*Dîḇōn* the *bāmôt* for *beḵî* upon-*Neḇô* *wə*-upon *Mêdeḇāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *yeyēlîl* on all-*rōʾšāyw* *qorḥâ* all-*zāqān* *gerûʿâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the house/temple",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*Dîḇōn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)",
"*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the high places",
"*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping",
"*Neḇô*": "proper noun - Nebo (place name)",
"*Mêdeḇāʾ*": "proper noun - Medeba (place name)",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls",
"*rōʾšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his heads",
"*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - baldness",
"*zāqān*": "noun, masculine, singular - beard",
"*gerûʿâ*": "passive participle, feminine, singular - cut off/shaved"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/has gone up",
"*bayit*": "house/temple (possibly referring to temple in Moab)",
"*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/cult sites",
"*beḵî*": "weeping/crying",
"*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments",
"*qorḥâ*": "baldness (sign of mourning)",
"*gerûʿâ*": "cut off/shaved/diminished (sign of mourning)"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.3",
"source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃",
"text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets",
"*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on",
"*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth",
"*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places",
"*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone",
"*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls",
"*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending",
"*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas",
"*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)",
"*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)",
"*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets",
"*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments",
"*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.4",
"source": "וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wa*-*tizʿaq* *Ḥešbôn* *wə*-*ʾElʿālê* until-*Yahaṣ* *nišmaʿ* *qôlām* upon-*kēn* *ḥălûṣê* *Môʾāḇ* *yārîʿû* *napšô* *yārʿâ* to him",
"grammar": {
"*wa*": "conjunction with sequential imperfect - and",
"*tizʿaq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - cries out",
"*Ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾElʿālê*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)",
"*Yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)",
"*nišmaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is heard",
"*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore",
"*ḥălûṣê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - armed men of",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise a war cry/shout",
"*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul",
"*yārʿâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - trembles/is terrified"
},
"variants": {
"*tizʿaq*": "cries out/shrieks",
"*nišmaʿ*": "is heard/was heard",
"*ḥălûṣê*": "armed men of/warriors of",
"*yārîʿû*": "they raise a war cry/shout/make alarm",
"*napšô*": "his soul/life/inner being",
"*yārʿâ*": "trembles/is terrified/quakes"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.5",
"source": "לִבִּי֙ לְמוֹאָ֣ב יִזְעָ֔ק בְּרִיחֶ֕הָ עַד־צֹ֖עַר עֶגְלַ֣ת שְׁלִשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ מַעֲלֵ֣ה הַלּוּחִ֗ית בִּבְכִי֙ יַֽעֲלֶה־בּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י דֶּ֣רֶךְ חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם זַעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃",
"text": "*libbî* for *Môʾāḇ* *yizʿāq* in *bĕrîḥehâ* until-*Ṣôʿar* *ʿeḡlat* *šĕlišîyâ* *kî* *maʿălê* the *Lûḥît* in *beḵî* *yaʿăleh*-in it *kî* *dereḵ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *zaʿăqat*-*šeḇer* *yeʿōʿērû*",
"grammar": {
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my heart",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun with preposition - for Moab",
"*yizʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cries out",
"*bĕrîḥehâ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix with preposition - in her fleeing/fugitives",
"*Ṣôʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)",
"*ʿeḡlat*": "noun, feminine, construct - heifer of",
"*šĕlišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - third/three years old",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*maʿălê*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - ascent of",
"*Lûḥît*": "proper noun with definite article - the Luhith",
"*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping",
"*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he goes up",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - way of/road to",
"*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)",
"*zaʿăqat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cry of",
"*šeḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/breaking",
"*yeʿōʿērû*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise"
},
"variants": {
"*libbî*": "my heart/inner being",
"*yizʿāq*": "cries out/shrieks",
"*bĕrîḥehâ*": "her fleeing/fugitives/refugees/bars",
"*ʿeḡlat šĕlišîyâ*": "heifer of three years/third heifer (possibly a place name)",
"*beḵî*": "weeping/crying",
"*yaʿăleh*": "he goes up/ascends",
"*zaʿăqat-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/breaking/ruin",
"*yeʿōʿērû*": "they raise/lift up/rouse"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.6",
"source": "כִּֽי־מֵ֥י נִמְרִ֖ים מְשַׁמּ֣וֹת יִֽהְי֑וּ כִּֽי־יָבֵ֤שׁ חָצִיר֙ כָּ֣לָה דֶ֔שֶׁא יֶ֖רֶק לֹ֥א הָיָֽה׃",
"text": "*kî*-*mê* *Nimrîm* *məšammôt* *yihyû* *kî*-*yāḇēš* *ḥāṣîr* *kālâ* *dešeʾ* *yereq* not *hāyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of",
"*Nimrîm*": "proper noun - Nimrim (place)",
"*məšammôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - desolations",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be",
"*yāḇēš*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is dried up",
"*ḥāṣîr*": "noun, masculine, singular - grass/hay",
"*kālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is finished/complete",
"*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tender grass",
"*yereq*": "noun, masculine, singular - green thing/vegetation",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed"
},
"variants": {
"*məšammôt*": "desolations/waste places",
"*yihyû*": "they will be/shall become",
"*yāḇēš*": "is dried up/withered",
"*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/hay/herb",
"*kālâ*": "is finished/complete/consumed",
"*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/herbs",
"*yereq*": "green thing/vegetation/greenness"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.7",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְרָ֣ה עָשָׂ֑ה וּפְקֻדָּתָ֔ם עַ֛ל נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבִ֖ים יִשָּׂאֽוּם׃",
"text": "Upon-*kēn* *yitrâ* *ʿāśâ* *û*-*pĕquddātām* upon *naḥal* the *ʿărāḇîm* *yiśśāʾûm*",
"grammar": {
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore",
"*yitrâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - abundance/surplus/remainder",
"*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/did",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*pĕquddātām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deposit/store",
"*naḥal*": "noun, masculine, singular - wadi/stream",
"*ʿărāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the willows/poplars",
"*yiśśāʾûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will carry them"
},
"variants": {
"*yitrâ*": "abundance/surplus/remainder/that which is left",
"*ʿāśâ*": "he made/did/produced",
"*pĕquddātām*": "their deposit/store/possessions/that which was entrusted",
"*naḥal*": "wadi/stream/valley/brook",
"*ʿărāḇîm*": "willows/poplars (or possibly 'of the Arabim/Arabs')",
"*yiśśāʾûm*": "they will carry them/bear them away"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Isaiah.15.8",
"source": "כִּֽי־הִקִּ֥יפָה הַזְּעָקָ֖ה אֶת־גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֑ב עַד־אֶגְלַ֙יִם֙ יִלְלָתָ֔הּ וּבְאֵ֥ר אֵילִ֖ים יִלְלָתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*kî*-*hiqqîpâ* the *zeʿāqâ* *ʾet*-*geḇûl* *Môʾāḇ* until-*ʾEḡlayim* *yilālātāh* *û*-*Beʾēr* *ʾêlîm* *yilālātāh*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hiqqîpâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she surrounded/has gone around",
"*zeʿāqâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the cry/outcry",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*geḇûl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - territory/border of",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ʾEḡlayim*": "proper noun - Eglaim (place)",
"*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*Beʾēr*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - well of",
"*ʾêlîm*": "proper noun - Elim (place)",
"*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing"
},
"variants": {
"*hiqqîpâ*": "she surrounded/has gone around/encompassed",
"*zeʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/shriek",
"*geḇûl*": "territory/border/boundary",
"*yilālātāh*": "her wailing/howling",
"*Beʾēr ʾêlîm*": "Beer Elim (well of the mighty ones/rams/trees)"
}
}