1{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.1",
"source": "אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַּבָּ֣תִי בַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ ס",
"text": "How *yāšəḇāh* *bādād* the city *rabbāṯî* people; *hāyəṯāh* like *ʾalmānāh*; *rabbāṯî* among the *gôyim*, *śārāṯî* in the provinces, *hāyəṯāh* to *mas*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sat/dwelt/remained",
"*bādād*": "masculine singular noun in adverbial position - alone/solitary",
"*hāʿîr*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the city",
"*rabbāṯî*": "feminine construct adjective with 1st person suffix - great of/full of",
"*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has become",
"*kəʾalmānāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a widow",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*śārāṯî*": "feminine construct noun with 1st person suffix - princess of",
"*bammədînôṯ*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine plural - in the provinces",
"*lāmas*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for tribute/forced labor"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾêḵāh*": "how/alas/oh how",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "sits/dwells/remains/is situated",
"*bādād*": "alone/solitary/isolated",
"*rabbāṯî*": "great of/abundant in/full of",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "became/has become/is",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/bereaved woman",
"*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*śārāṯî*": "princess of/ruler of/lady of",
"*məḏînôṯ*": "provinces/districts/regions",
"*mas*": "tribute/forced labor/vassal"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.2",
"source": "בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ ס",
"text": "*bāḵô* *ṯiḇkeh* in the *laylāh* *wə*-her *dimʿāṯāh* upon her *leḥĕyāh*, *ʾên*-to her *mənaḥēm* from all-her *ʾōhăḇeyhā*; all-her *rēʿeyhā* *bāḡəḏû* against her, *hāyû* to her to *ʾōyəḇîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*bāḵô*": "infinitive absolute - weeping",
"*ṯiḇkeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she weeps",
"*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the night",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*dimʿāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her tear",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*leḥĕyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cheek",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter",
"*mikkāl*": "preposition + noun - from all",
"*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lovers",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*rēʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her friends",
"*bāḡəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they betrayed",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*ləʾōyəḇîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to enemies"
},
"variants": {
"*bāḵô ṯiḇkeh*": "weeping she weeps/she weeps bitterly/she continually weeps",
"*laylāh*": "night/nighttime",
"*dimʿāṯāh*": "her tear/her tears",
"*leḥĕyāh*": "her cheek/her jaw",
"*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who comforts",
"*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "her lovers/those who love her/her allies",
"*rēʿeyhā*": "her friends/her companions/her associates",
"*bāḡəḏû*": "they betrayed/they acted treacherously/they dealt faithlessly",
"*ʾōyəḇîm*": "enemies/foes/adversaries"
}
}