2{
"verseID": "Joel.2.2",
"source": "י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*Yôm* *ḥōshekh* and-*ʾăfēlâ* *yôm* *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāfel* like-*shaḥar* *pārūs* upon-the-*hehārîm* *ʿam* *rab* and-*ʿātsûm* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyâ* from-the-*hāʿôlām* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* not *yôsēf* until-*shenê* *dôr* and-*dôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*Yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of",
"*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness",
"*ʾăfēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - gloom/thick darkness",
"*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud",
"*ʿărāfel*": "masculine singular noun - thick darkness/heavy cloud",
"*shaḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/daybreak",
"*pārūs*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spread/stretched",
"*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation",
"*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous/many",
"*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong",
"*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it",
"*nihyâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been/occurred",
"*hāʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the eternity/ancient times",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after it",
"*yôsēf*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be added/will occur again",
"*shenê*": "construct plural of 'year' - years of",
"*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*ʾăfēlâ*": "gloom/thick darkness",
"*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass",
"*ʿărāfel*": "thick darkness/heavy cloud/gloom",
"*shaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light",
"*pārūs*": "spread/stretched/dispersed",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/army",
"*rab*": "great/numerous/many/abundant",
"*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful",
"*nihyâ*": "has been/occurred/existed",
"*hāʿôlām*": "the eternity/ancient times/antiquity",
"*yôsēf*": "will be added/will occur again/will be repeated"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Joel.2.3",
"source": "לְפָנָיו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה כְּגַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנָ֗יו וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְגַם־פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Lefānāyw* *ʾākhelâ* *ʾēsh* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *telahet* *lehābâ* like-garden-*ʿēden* the-*hāʾārets* *lefānāyw* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *midbar* *shemāmâ* and-also-*pelêtâ* not-*hāyetâ* to-him.",
"grammar": {
"*Lefānāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him",
"*ʾākhelâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - consumes/devours",
"*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him/behind him",
"*telahet*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - sets ablaze/burns",
"*lehābâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame",
"*ʿēden*": "proper noun - Eden",
"*hāʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth",
"*midbar*": "masculine singular construct - wilderness of",
"*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/wasteland",
"*pelêtâ*": "feminine singular noun - escape/deliverance",
"*hāyetâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/existed",
"to-him": "prepositional phrase with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/for him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾākhelâ*": "consumes/devours/eats",
"*telahet*": "sets ablaze/burns/inflames",
"*lehābâ*": "flame/blaze",
"*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*shemāmâ*": "desolation/wasteland/devastation",
"*pelêtâ*": "escape/deliverance/survivor"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Joel.2.4",
"source": "כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וּכְפָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּן׃",
"text": "Like-*marʾēh* *sûsîm* *marʾēhû* and-like-*fārāshîm* so *yerûtsûn*.",
"grammar": {
"*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of",
"*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses",
"*marʾēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its appearance",
"*fārāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen/cavalry",
"*yerûtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run"
},
"variants": {
"*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision",
"*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds",
"*fārāshîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/war horses",
"*yerûtsûn*": "they run/they dash/they race"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Joel.2.5",
"source": "כְּק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יְרַקֵּד֔וּן כְּקוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה קָ֑שׁ כְּעַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "Like-*qôl* *merkābôt* upon-*rāʾshê* the-*hehārîm* *yeraqēdûn* like-*qôl* *lahab* *ʾēsh* *ʾōkhelâ* *qāsh* like-*ʿam* *ʿātsûm* *ʿărûkh* *milḥāmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*merkābôt*": "feminine plural noun - chariots",
"*rāʾshê*": "masculine plural construct - tops of/heads of",
"*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains",
"*yeraqēdûn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they leap/skip",
"*lahab*": "masculine singular construct - flame of",
"*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*ʾōkhelâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - consuming/devouring",
"*qāsh*": "masculine singular noun - stubble/straw",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of",
"*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong",
"*ʿărûkh*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/set in order",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice",
"*merkābôt*": "chariots/war vehicles",
"*yeraqēdûn*": "they leap/they skip/they dance/they bound",
"*lahab*": "flame/blaze",
"*ʾōkhelâ*": "consuming/devouring/eating",
"*qāsh*": "stubble/straw/chaff",
"*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful",
"*ʿărûkh*": "arranged/set in order/prepared"
}
}