2 Kgs 17:7-9 : 7 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.7",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־חָטְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם הַמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִתַּ֕חַת יַ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yəhî* *kî*-*ḥāṭəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, the-one-*maʿăleh* *ʾōtām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* from-under *yad* *parʿōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*yîrəʾū* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/that",
"*ḥāṭəʾū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned",
"*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of",
"*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against/to YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with noun - from land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mi-taḥat*": "compound preposition - from under",
"*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand of",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt",
"*wə-yîrəʾū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they feared",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods",
"*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāṭəʾū*": "sinned/offended/transgressed",
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of",
"*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/brought up/who brought up",
"*mi-taḥat yad*": "from under the hand of/from the authority of",
"*yîrəʾū*": "feared/revered/worshiped",
"*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.8",
"source": "וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקּ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yēlkū* in-*ḥuqqōt* the-*gōyim* *ʾăsher* *hōrîsh* *YHWH* from-before *bənê* *yisrāʾēl*, and-*malkê* *yisrāʾēl* *ʾăsher* *ʿāsū*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēlkū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they walked",
"*bə-ḥuqqōt*": "preposition with feminine plural construct - in statutes of",
"*ha-gōyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the nations",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom/which",
"*hōrîsh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he drove out",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition with construct plural - from before",
"*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of",
"*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*u-malkê*": "conjunction with construct plural - and kings of",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom/which",
"*ʿāsū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made/did"
},
"variants": {
"*yēlkū*": "walked/followed/went",
"*ḥuqqōt*": "statutes/customs/practices",
"*gōyim*": "nations/gentiles/heathen",
"*hōrîsh*": "drove out/dispossessed/expelled",
"*mi-pənê*": "from before/from the presence of",
"*ʿāsū*": "made/did/established"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.9",
"source": "וַיְחַפְּא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל דְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־כֵ֔ן עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּבְנ֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם בָּמוֹת֙ בְּכָל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל נוֹצְרִ֖ים עַד־עִ֥יר מִבְצָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yəḥappəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* *dəbārîm* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ*-*kēn* against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, *wə*-*yibnū* to-them *bāmōt* in-all-*ʿārêhem* from-*migdal* *nōṣərîm* until-*ʿîr* *mibṣār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəḥappəʾū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they covered/concealed",
"*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of",
"*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things/matters/words",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*lōʾ-kēn*": "negative particle with adverb - not right/improper",
"*ʿal-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*wə-yibnū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they built",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*bāmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - high places",
"*bə-kol-ʿārêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - in all their cities",
"*mi-migdal*": "preposition with construct - from tower of",
"*nōṣərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - watchmen",
"*ʿad-ʿîr*": "preposition with construct - to city of",
"*mibṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - fortification/fortress"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḥappəʾū*": "covered up/did secretly/concealed",
"*dəbārîm*": "things/words/matters/practices",
"*lōʾ-kēn*": "not right/improper/false",
"*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines/altars",
"*migdal nōṣərîm*": "watchtower/tower of watchmen",
"*ʿîr mibṣār*": "fortified city/fortress city"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.10",
"source": "וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ לָהֶ֛ם מַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yaṣṣîbū* to-them *maṣṣēbōt* and-*ʾăshērîm* on all-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* and-under all-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaṣṣîbū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they set up",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*maṣṣēbōt*": "noun, feminine plural - pillars/standing stones",
"*wa-ʾăshērîm*": "conjunction with noun, masculine plural - and Asherah poles",
"*ʿal kol-gibʿāh*": "preposition with construct and noun - on every hill",
"*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high",
"*wə-taḥat*": "conjunction with preposition - and under",
"*kol-ʿēṣ*": "construct with noun - every tree",
"*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy/green/luxuriant"
},
"variants": {
"*yaṣṣîbū*": "set up/erected/established",
"*maṣṣēbōt*": "pillars/sacred stones/standing stones",
"*ʾăshērîm*": "Asherah poles/sacred poles/wooden images",
"*gibʿāh gəbōhāh*": "high hill/lofty hill",
"*ʿēṣ raʿănān*": "leafy tree/green tree/luxuriant tree"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.11",
"source": "וַיְקַטְּרוּ־שָׁם֙ בְּכָל־בָּמ֔וֹת כַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ דְּבָרִ֣ים רָעִ֔ים לְהַכְעִ֖יס אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yəqaṭṭərū*-there in-all-*bāmōt* like-the-*gōyim* *ʾăsher*-*heglāh* *YHWH* from-before-them, *wə*-*yaʿăsū* *dəbārîm* *rāʿîm* to-*hakʿîs* *ʾet*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəqaṭṭərū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they burned incense",
"*shām*": "adverb - there",
"*bə-kol-bāmōt*": "preposition with construct and noun - in all high places",
"*ka-gōyim*": "preposition with noun - like the nations",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom",
"*heglāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he exiled/removed",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH",
"*mi-pənêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - from before them",
"*wə-yaʿăsū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they did",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things",
"*rāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - evil",
"*lə-hakʿîs*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke to anger",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker with divine name - YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*yəqaṭṭərū*": "burned incense/offered sacrifices",
"*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines",
"*heglāh*": "exiled/removed/carried away",
"*dəbārîm rāʿîm*": "evil things/wicked deeds",
"*hakʿîs*": "provoke to anger/vex/irritate"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.12",
"source": "וַיַּֽעַבְד֖וּ הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yaʿabdū* the-*gillūlîm* *ʾăsher* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-them *lōʾ* *taʿăsū* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-this.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿabdū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they served",
"*ha-gillūlîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the idols/dung idols",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - about which",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*taʿăsū*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do",
"*ʾet-ha-dābār*": "direct object marker with definite noun - the thing",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite demonstrative pronoun - this"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿabdū*": "served/worshiped",
"*gillūlîm*": "idols/dung idols/abominations",
"*taʿăsū*": "do/practice/perform"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.13",
"source": "וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֜֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə*-*yāʿad* *YHWH* in-*yisrāʾēl* and-in-*yəhūdāh* by-*yad* all-*nəbîʾê* all-*ḥōzeh* *lēmōr*: *shūbū* from-*darkêkem* the-*rāʿîm* and-*shimrū* *miṣwōtay* *ḥuqqōtay* like-all-the-*tōrāh* *ʾăsher* *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*, and-*ʾăsher* *shālaḥtî* to-you by-*yad* *ʿăbāday* the-*nəbîʾîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāʿad*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he testified/warned",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH",
"*bə-yisrāʾēl*": "preposition with proper noun - in Israel",
"*u-bî-yəhūdāh*": "conjunction, preposition with proper noun - and in Judah",
"*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of",
"*kol-nəbîʾê*": "construct with noun - all prophets of",
"*kol-ḥōzeh*": "construct with noun - every seer",
"*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*shūbū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - turn back",
"*mi-darkêkem*": "preposition with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your ways",
"*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the evil",
"*wə-shimrū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - keep",
"*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my commandments",
"*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my statutes",
"*kə-kol-ha-tōrāh*": "preposition with construct and definite noun - according to all the law",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect, 1st common singular - I commanded",
"*ʾet-ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers",
"*wa-ʾăsher*": "conjunction with relative pronoun - and which",
"*shālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent",
"*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of",
"*ʿăbāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my servants",
"*ha-nəbîʾîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the prophets"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʿad*": "testified/warned/admonished",
"*nəbîʾê*": "prophets of",
"*ḥōzeh*": "seer/visionary",
"*shūbū*": "turn back/return/repent",
"*darkêkem hā-rāʿîm*": "your evil ways/your wicked paths",
"*shimrū*": "keep/observe/guard",
"*tōrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.14",
"source": "וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə*-*lōʾ* *shāmēʿū* *wə*-*yaqshū* *ʾet*-*ʿorpām* like-*ʿōref* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînū* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not",
"*shāmēʿū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they listened",
"*wə-yaqshū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they hardened",
"*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - their neck",
"*kə-ʿōref*": "preposition with construct - like neck of",
"*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*heʾĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they believed",
"*ba-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - in YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God"
},
"variants": {
"*shāmēʿū*": "listened/obeyed/heeded",
"*yaqshū*": "hardened/stiffened",
"*ʿōref*": "neck/stubbornness",
"*heʾĕmînū*": "believed/trusted/had faith"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.15",
"source": "וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And they *māʾas* *ʾēt*-*ḥuqqāh* his, and *ʾēt*-*bᵊrît* his which he *kārat* *ʾēt*-fathers their, and *ʾēt*-*ʿēdût* his which he *ʿûd* against them; and they *hālak* after the *hebel* and they *hābal*, and after the *gôy* which around them, which *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* to not *ʿāśâ* like them.",
"grammar": {
"*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected/despised",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥuqqāh*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes/decrees",
"*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant",
"*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made [covenant]",
"*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his testimonies/witnesses",
"*ʿûd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he testified/witnessed",
"*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked/went",
"*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vanity/emptiness",
"*hābal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they became vain/worthless",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations/gentiles",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse",
"*ḥuqqāh*": "statutes/decrees/laws",
"*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty",
"*kārat*": "cut/make [covenant]/establish",
"*ʿēdût*": "testimonies/witnesses/warnings",
"*ʿûd*": "testify/witness/warn",
"*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/idols",
"*hābal*": "become vain/worthless/act foolishly",
"*gôy*": "nations/gentiles/peoples"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.16",
"source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃",
"text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made",
"*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol",
"*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree",
"*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped",
"*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave",
"*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods",
"*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue",
"*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls",
"*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess",
"*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship",
"*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for",
"*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "2 Kings.17.17",
"source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire",
"*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination",
"*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations",
"*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments",
"*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves",
"*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling",
"*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles",
"*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs",
"*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves",
"*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong",
"*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger"
}
}