Isa 14:8-9 : 8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.8",
"source": "גַּם־בְּרוֹשִׁ֛ים שָׂמְח֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַרְזֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן מֵאָ֣ז שָׁכַ֔בְתָּ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה הַכֹּרֵ֖ת עָלֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "Also-*bǝrôšîm* *śāmǝḥû* for-you, *ʾarzê* *lǝḇānôn*; from-*ʾāz* *šāḵaḇtā*, not-*yaʿăleh* the-*kōrēt* against-us.",
"grammar": {
"*bǝrôšîm*": "masculine plural noun - cypress/fir trees",
"*śāmǝḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they rejoice",
"*ʾarzê*": "masculine plural construct - cedars of",
"*lǝḇānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon",
"*ʾāz*": "temporal adverb - then/since",
"*šāḵaḇtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lay down",
"*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come up",
"*kōrēt*": "qal active participle, masculine singular with definite article - the cutter/feller"
},
"variants": {
"*bǝrôšîm*": "cypress trees/fir trees/junipers",
"*śāmǝḥû*": "rejoice/be glad/delight",
"*ʾarzê*": "cedars of",
"*ʾāz*": "then/since/at that time",
"*šāḵaḇtā*": "you lay down/you reclined/you were laid low",
"*kōrēt*": "cutter/feller/one who cuts down"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.9",
"source": "שְׁא֗וֹל מִתַּ֛חַת רָגְזָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לִקְרַ֣את בּוֹאֶ֑ךָ עוֹרֵ֨ר לְךָ֤ רְפָאִים֙ כָּל־עַתּ֣וּדֵי אָ֔רֶץ הֵקִים֙ מִכִּסְאוֹתָ֔ם כֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "*šǝʾôl* from-*taḥat* *rāḡzāh* for-you to-*qirʾat* *bôʾeḵā*; *ʿôrēr* for-you *rǝp̄āʾîm*, all-*ʿattûdê* *ʾāreṣ*; *hēqîm* from-*kissǝʾôtām* all *malḵê* *ḡôyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - beneath/under",
"*rāḡzāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is stirred/agitated",
"*qirʾat*": "construct form, feminine singular - meeting of",
"*bôʾeḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming",
"*ʿôrēr*": "polel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it arouses/stirs up",
"*rǝp̄āʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - spirits of the dead/shades",
"*ʿattûdê*": "masculine plural construct - leaders/chief ones of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land",
"*hēqîm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it raises up",
"*kissǝʾôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their thrones",
"*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of",
"*ḡôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*šǝʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead",
"*rāḡzāh*": "is stirred/is agitated/trembles/is in turmoil",
"*ʿôrēr*": "arouses/stirs up/awakens",
"*rǝp̄āʾîm*": "shades/spirits of the dead/departed spirits",
"*ʿattûdê*": "leaders/chief ones/he-goats/rams",
"*hēqîm*": "raises up/causes to stand/establishes"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.10",
"source": "כֻּלָּ֣ם יַֽעֲנ֔וּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה חֻלֵּ֥יתָ כָמ֖וֹנוּ אֵלֵ֥ינוּ נִמְשָֽׁלְתָּ׃",
"text": "All-of-them *yaʿănû* and-*yōʾmǝrû* to-you: Also-you *ḥullêtā* like-us, to-us *nimšāltā*.",
"grammar": {
"*yaʿănû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will answer",
"*yōʾmǝrû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will say",
"*ḥullêtā*": "pual perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have been weakened",
"*nimšāltā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have been made like/compared"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿănû*": "answer/respond/reply",
"*yōʾmǝrû*": "say/speak/tell",
"*ḥullêtā*": "have been weakened/made sick/made feeble",
"*nimšāltā*": "have been made like/have been compared/have become similar to"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.11",
"source": "הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃",
"text": "*hûrad* *šǝʾôl* *gǝʾôneḵā*, *hemyat* *nǝḇāleḵā*; beneath-you *yuṣṣaʿ* *rimmāh*, and-*mǝḵasseḵā* *tôlēʿāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*hûrad*": "hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is brought down",
"*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld",
"*gǝʾôneḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your pride/majesty",
"*hemyat*": "construct form, feminine singular - noise/sound of",
"*nǝḇāleḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your harps/instruments",
"*yuṣṣaʿ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is spread out",
"*rimmāh*": "feminine singular noun - maggot/worm",
"*mǝḵasseḵā*": "plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coverings",
"*tôlēʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - worm/grub"
},
"variants": {
"*hûrad*": "is brought down/is made to descend/is lowered",
"*gǝʾôneḵā*": "your pride/your pomp/your majesty/your arrogance",
"*hemyat*": "noise/sound/murmur/uproar",
"*nǝḇāleḵā*": "your harps/your instruments/your lutes",
"*yuṣṣaʿ*": "is spread out/is laid out/is made a bed",
"*rimmāh*": "maggot/worm",
"*tôlēʿāh*": "worm/grub/crimson"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.12",
"source": "אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "*ʾêḵ* *nāp̄altā* from-*šāmayim*, *hêlēl* *ben*-*šāḥar*! *niḡdaʿtā* to-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *ḥôlēš* upon-*gôyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*nāp̄altā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have fallen",
"*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens",
"*hêlēl*": "masculine singular noun - shining one/morning star",
"*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of",
"*šāḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/morning",
"*niḡdaʿtā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are cut down",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with directional he - to the earth/land",
"*ḥôlēš*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - weakening/laying prostrate",
"*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*nāp̄altā*": "have fallen/have descended/have been cast down",
"*hêlēl*": "shining one/morning star/Lucifer/day star",
"*šāḥar*": "dawn/morning/daybreak",
"*niḡdaʿtā*": "are cut down/are hewn down/are broken off",
"*ḥôlēš*": "weakening/casting down/prostrating/overthrowing"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.13",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said",
"*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart",
"*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend",
"*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of",
"*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity",
"*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise",
"*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne",
"*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell",
"*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting",
"*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of",
"*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken",
"*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self",
"*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb",
"*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of",
"*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one",
"*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt",
"*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned",
"*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation",
"*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts",
"*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.14",
"source": "אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃",
"text": "*ʾeʿĕleh* upon-*bāmŏtê* *ʿāḇ*; *ʾeddammeh* to-*ʿelyôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend",
"*bāmŏtê*": "feminine plural construct - heights of",
"*ʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - cloud/thick cloud",
"*ʾeddammeh*": "hithpael imperfect, 1st singular - I will make myself like",
"*ʿelyôn*": "adjective/divine title - Most High"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb",
"*bāmŏtê*": "heights/high places/backs",
"*ʿāḇ*": "cloud/thick cloud/dark cloud",
"*ʾeddammeh*": "I will make myself like/I will compare myself to/I will resemble",
"*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest One/Supreme"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.15",
"source": "אַ֧ךְ אֶל־שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בֽוֹר׃",
"text": "Yet to-*šǝʾôl* *tûrād* to-*yarḵǝtê*-*ḇôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld",
"*tûrād*": "hophal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be brought down",
"*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of",
"*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern"
},
"variants": {
"*šǝʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead",
"*tûrād*": "you will be brought down/you will be thrust down/you will be lowered",
"*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts",
"*ḇôr*": "pit/cistern/dungeon"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.16",
"source": "רֹאֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ הֲזֶ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ מַרְגִּ֣יז הָאָ֔רֶץ מַרְעִ֖ישׁ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*rōʾêḵā* to-you *yašgîḥû*, to-you *yitbônānû*: Is-this the-*ʾîš* *margîz* the-*ʾāreṣ*, *marʿîš* *mamlāḵôt*?",
"grammar": {
"*rōʾêḵā*": "qal active participle with 2nd masculine singular suffix - those seeing you",
"*yašgîḥû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will gaze/stare",
"*yitbônānû*": "hithpolel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will consider/contemplate",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man",
"*margîz*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to tremble",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land",
"*marʿîš*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to quake",
"*mamlāḵôt*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʾêḵā*": "those seeing you/those who look at you/your observers",
"*yašgîḥû*": "they will gaze/they will stare/they will look intently",
"*yitbônānû*": "they will consider/they will contemplate/they will ponder",
"*margîz*": "causing to tremble/agitating/disturbing",
"*marʿîš*": "causing to quake/shaking/making to tremble"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.17",
"source": "שָׂ֥ם תֵּבֵ֛ל כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעָרָ֣יו הָרָ֑ס אֲסִירָ֖יו לֹא־פָ֥תַח בָּֽיְתָה׃",
"text": "*śām* *tēḇēl* like-the-*midbār* and-*ʿārāyw* *hārās*; *ʾăsîrāyw* not-*p̄ātaḥ* homeward.",
"grammar": {
"*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/placed",
"*tēḇēl*": "feminine singular noun - world/inhabited earth",
"*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wilderness/desert",
"*ʿārāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities",
"*hārās*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed/tore down",
"*ʾăsîrāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his prisoners",
"*p̄ātaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he opened/released"
},
"variants": {
"*śām*": "made/placed/set/turned",
"*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited earth/inhabited land",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*hārās*": "destroyed/tore down/demolished",
"*ʾăsîrāyw*": "his prisoners/his captives/those bound by him",
"*p̄ātaḥ*": "opened/released/set free"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.18",
"source": "כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם שָׁכְב֥וּ בְכָב֖וֹד אִ֥ישׁ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "All-*malḵê* *ḡôyim*, all-of-them, *šāḵǝḇû* in-*ḵāḇôd*, *ʾîš* in-*bêtô*.",
"grammar": {
"*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of",
"*ḡôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations",
"*šāḵǝḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they lie down",
"*ḵāḇôd*": "masculine singular noun - glory/honor",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one",
"*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house"
},
"variants": {
"*malḵê*": "kings of",
"*ḡôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*šāḵǝḇû*": "lie down/rest/sleep",
"*ḵāḇôd*": "glory/honor/dignity",
"*ʾîš*": "man/each one/each",
"*bêtô*": "his house/his tomb/his place"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.19",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה הָשְׁלַ֤כְתָּ מִֽקִּבְרְךָ֙ כְּנֵ֣צֶר נִתְעָ֔ב לְב֥וּשׁ הֲרֻגִ֖ים מְטֹ֣עֲנֵי חָ֑רֶב יוֹרְדֵ֥י אֶל־אַבְנֵי־ב֖וֹר כְּפֶ֥גֶר מוּבָֽס׃",
"text": "But-you *hāšlaktā* from-*qiḇrǝḵā* like-*nēṣer* *nitʿāḇ*, *lǝḇûš* *hărugîm* *mǝṭōʿănê* *ḥāreḇ*; *yôrǝdê* to-*ʾaḇnê*-*ḇôr*, like-*p̄eḡer* *mûḇās*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāšlaktā*": "hophal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are thrown out",
"*qiḇrǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your grave",
"*nēṣer*": "masculine singular noun - branch/shoot",
"*nitʿāḇ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - abhorred/despised",
"*lǝḇûš*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - clothed",
"*hărugîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - slain ones",
"*mǝṭōʿănê*": "pual participle, masculine plural construct - those pierced by",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*yôrǝdê*": "qal active participle, masculine plural construct - those going down to",
"*ʾaḇnê*": "feminine plural construct - stones of",
"*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern",
"*p̄eḡer*": "masculine singular noun - corpse/carcass",
"*mûḇās*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - trampled"
},
"variants": {
"*hāšlaktā*": "you are thrown out/you are cast out/you are flung",
"*qiḇrǝḵā*": "your grave/your tomb/your sepulcher",
"*nēṣer*": "branch/shoot/sprout",
"*nitʿāḇ*": "abhorred/despised/detested",
"*lǝḇûš*": "clothed/dressed/covered",
"*hărugîm*": "slain ones/killed ones/those put to death",
"*mǝṭōʿănê*": "those pierced by/those thrust through by",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/knife/dagger",
"*yôrǝdê*": "those going down to/those descending to",
"*p̄eḡer*": "corpse/carcass/dead body",
"*mûḇās*": "trampled/trodden down/stomped upon"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.20",
"source": "לֹֽא־תֵחַ֤ד אִתָּם֙ בִּקְבוּרָ֔ה כִּֽי־אַרְצְךָ֥ שִׁחַ֖תָּ עַמְּךָ֣ הָרָ֑גְתָּ לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֥א לְעוֹלָ֖ם זֶ֥רַע מְרֵעִֽים׃",
"text": "Not-*tēḥad* with-them in-*qǝḇûrāh*, for-*ʾarṣǝḵā* *šiḥattā*, *ʿammǝḵā* *hārāḡtā*. Not-*yiqqārēʾ* to-*ʿôlām* *zeraʿ* *mǝrēʿîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*tēḥad*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be united",
"*qǝḇûrāh*": "feminine singular noun - burial/grave",
"*ʾarṣǝḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your land",
"*šiḥattā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have destroyed/ruined",
"*ʿammǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*hārāḡtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have killed/slain",
"*yiqqārēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be called/named",
"*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - eternity/forever",
"*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of",
"*mǝrēʿîm*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural - evildoers"
},
"variants": {
"*tēḥad*": "you will be united/you will join/you will be brought together",
"*qǝḇûrāh*": "burial/grave/tomb",
"*šiḥattā*": "you have destroyed/you have ruined/you have corrupted",
"*hārāḡtā*": "you have killed/you have slain/you have murdered",
"*yiqqārēʾ*": "will be called/will be named/will be proclaimed",
"*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants",
"*mǝrēʿîm*": "evildoers/those doing evil/wrongdoers"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.14.21",
"source": "הָכִ֧ינוּ לְבָנָ֛יו מַטְבֵּ֖חַ בַּעֲוֺ֣ן אֲבוֹתָ֑ם בַּל־יָקֻ֙מוּ֙ וְיָ֣רְשׁוּ אָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְא֥וּ פְנֵֽי־תֵבֵ֖ל עָרִֽים׃",
"text": "*hāḵînû* for-*ḇānāyw* *maṭbēaḥ* in-*ʿăwōn* *ʾăḇôtām*; *bal*-*yāqumû* and-*yārǝšû* *ʾāreṣ* and-*mālǝʾû* *p̄ǝnê*-*tēḇēl* *ʿārîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāḵînû*": "hiphil imperative, 2nd masculine plural - prepare",
"*ḇānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*maṭbēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - slaughter/slaughtering place",
"*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*ʾăḇôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*bal*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāqumû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will arise",
"*yārǝšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will possess/inherit",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land",
"*mālǝʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will fill",
"*p̄ǝnê*": "masculine plural construct - face/surface of",
"*tēḇēl*": "feminine singular noun - world/inhabited earth",
"*ʿārîm*": "feminine plural noun - cities"
},
"variants": {
"*hāḵînû*": "prepare/make ready/establish",
"*maṭbēaḥ*": "slaughter/slaughtering place/place of killing",
"*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity",
"*bal*": "not/never/by no means",
"*yāqumû*": "they will arise/they will stand/they will rise up",
"*yārǝšû*": "they will possess/they will inherit/they will take possession",
"*mālǝʾû*": "they will fill/they will cover/they will be full"
}
}