Hosea 5:13

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Hosea.5.13", "source": "וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת־חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת־מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Wayyarə* *ʾEp̄rayim* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥālyô* *wî*-*Yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ*-*məzōrô*, *wayyēleḵ* *ʾEp̄rayim* to-*ʾAššûr* *wayyišlaḥ* to-*meleḵ* *yārēḇ*; *wə*-he not *yûḵal* to-heal to-you, *wə*-not-*yiḡhê* from-you *māzôr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarə*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾEp̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥālyô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sickness", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məzōrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wound", "*wayyēleḵ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yārēḇ*": "proper noun or participle - Jareb/contentious one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yûḵal*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able", "*yiḡhê*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remove/cure", "*māzôr*": "noun, masculine singular - wound/infection" }, "variants": { "*ḥālyô*": "his sickness/his disease/his illness", "*məzōrô*": "his wound/his sore/his infection", "*yārēḇ*": "Jareb (proper name)/contentious/warrior/one who contends", "*yûḵal*": "he is able/he can/he has power", "*yiḡhê*": "he will remove/he will cure/he will heal", "*māzôr*": "wound/infection/sore" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת־חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת־מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר׃

Transliteration

Wayyarə ʾEp̄rayim ʾeṯ-ḥālyô wî-Yəhûḏâ ʾeṯ-məzōrô, wayyēleḵ ʾEp̄rayim to-ʾAššûr wayyišlaḥ to-meleḵ yārēḇ; wə-he not yûḵal to-heal to-you, wə-not-yiḡhê from-you māzôr.

Grammar Details

• *wayyarə*: imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw
• *ʾEp̄rayim*: proper noun - Ephraim
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *ḥālyô*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sickness
• *wî*: conjunction - and
• *Yəhûḏâ*: proper noun - Judah
• *məzōrô*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wound
• *wayyēleḵ*: imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went
• *ʾAššûr*: proper noun - Assyria
• *wayyišlaḥ*: imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent
• *meleḵ*: noun, masculine singular construct - king of
• *yārēḇ*: proper noun or participle - Jareb/contentious one
• *wə*: conjunction - and
• *yûḵal*: imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able
• *yiḡhê*: imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remove/cure
• *māzôr*: noun, masculine singular - wound/infection

Word Meanings

• *ḥālyô*: his sickness/his disease/his illness
• *məzōrô*: his wound/his sore/his infection
• *yārēḇ*: Jareb (proper name)/contentious/warrior/one who contends
• *yûḵal*: he is able/he can/he has power
• *yiḡhê*: he will remove/he will cure/he will heal
• *māzôr*: wound/infection/sore

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah his wound, Ephraim went to Assyria and sent to the great king for help. But he cannot heal you or cure your wound.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then Ephraim went to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet he could not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  When Ephraim{H669} saw{H7200} his sickness,{H2483} and Judah{H3063} [saw] his wound,{H4205} then went{H3212} Ephraim{H669} to Assyria,{H804} and sent{H7971} to king{H4428} Jareb:{H3377} but he is not able{H3201} to heal{H7495} you, neither will he cure{H1455} you of your wound.{H4205}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  When Ephraim{H669} saw{H7200}{(H8799)} his sickness{H2483}, and Judah{H3063} saw his wound{H4205}, then went{H3212}{(H8799)} Ephraim{H669} to the Assyrian{H804}, and sent{H7971}{(H8799)} to king{H4428} Jareb{H3377}{(H8677)}{H7378}{(H8799)}: yet could{H3201}{(H8799)} he not heal{H7495}{(H8800)} you, nor cure{H1455}{(H8799)} you of your wound{H4205}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  When Ephraim sawe his sicknesse, and Iuda his disease: Ephraim wente vnto Assur, and sent vnto kinge Iareb: yet coude not he helpe you, ner ease you of youre payne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  When Ephraim sawe his sickenes, and Iudah his wound, then went Ephraim vnto Asshur, and sent vnto King Iareb: yet coulde hee not heale you, nor cure you of your wound.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  When Ephraim sawe his sicknesse, and Iuda his disease, Ephraim went vnto Assur, and sent vnto kyng Iareb, yet coulde not he helpe you, nor ease you of your payne.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah [saw] his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, And Judah his wound, Then Ephraim went to Assyria, And sent to king Jareb: But he is not able to heal you, Neither will he cure you of your wound.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And see doth Ephraim his sickness, and Judah his wound, And Ephraim goeth unto Asshur, And sendeth unto a warlike king, And he is not able to give healing to you, Nor doth he remove from you a scar.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah `saw' his wound, then went Ephraim to Assyria, and sent to king Jareb: but he is not able to heal you, neither will he cure you of your wound.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah [saw] his wound, then went Ephraim to Assyria, and sent to king Jareb: but he is not able to heal you, neither will he cure you of your wound.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  When Ephraim saw his disease and Judah his wound, then Ephraim went to Assyria and sent to the great king; but he is not able to make you well or give you help for your wound.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, Then Ephraim went to Assyria, and sent to king Jareb: but he is not able to heal you, neither will he cure you of your wound.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When Ephraim saw his sickness and Judah saw his wound, then Ephraim turned to Assyria, and begged its great king for help. But he will not be able to heal you! He cannot cure your wound!

Referenced Verses

• Hos 7:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם כְּיוֹנָ֥ה פוֹתָ֖ה אֵ֣ין לֵ֑ב מִצְרַ֥יִם קָרָ֖אוּ אַשּׁ֥וּר הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "*wayəhî* *ʾep̄rayim* like *yônâ* *p̄ôṯâ* *ʾên* *lēḇ* *miṣrayim* *qārāʾû* *ʾaššûr* *hālāḵû*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and he became", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim (northern kingdom)", "*yônâ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix *kə* - like a dove", "*p̄ôṯâ*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - deceived/simple", "*ʾên*": "negative particle construct - without", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/understanding", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they called", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*hālāḵû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they went" }, "variants": { "*p̄ôṯâ*": "deceived/simple/easily persuaded", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/understanding", "*qārāʾû*": "called/summoned/invited", "*hālāḵû*": "went/walked/proceeded" } }
• Hos 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.6", "source": "גַּם־אוֹתוֹ֙ לְאַשּׁ֣וּר יוּבָ֔ל מִנְחָ֖ה לְמֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב בָּשְׁנָה֙ אֶפְרַ֣יִם יִקָּ֔ח וְיֵב֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעֲצָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Also it to *ʾAššûr* *yûbāl* [as] *minḥāh* to *melek yārēb*; *bāšnāh ʾEprayim yiqqāḥ*, and *yēbôš Yiśrāʾēl* from its own *ʿăṣātô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yûbāl*": "verb, Hophal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it will be carried/brought", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - gift/tribute/offering", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king", "*yārēb*": "proper noun/adjective - Jareb/contentious", "*bāšnāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in/with shame", "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*yiqqāḥ*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will receive/take", "*yēbôš*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will be ashamed", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿăṣātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his counsel/advice" }, "variants": { "*yārēb*": "Jareb (possibly a title)/contentious/one who strives", "*bāšnāh*": "in shame/with disgrace (some read as 'boshnah')" } }
• Hos 12:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.1", "source": "סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃", "text": "*sĕbābunî* in-*kaḥaš* *ʾeprayim* *û*-in-*mirmâ* *bêt yiśrāʾēl* *vî-yĕhûdâ* yet *rād* with-*ʾēl* *vĕ*-with-*qĕdôšîm* *neʾĕmān*", "grammar": { "*sĕbābunî*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural with 1st singular suffix - they surround me", "*kaḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - deceit/falsehood/lies", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (tribe/kingdom)", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery", "*bêt yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - house of Israel", "*vî-yĕhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*rād*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - roams/wanders/rules", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/divine being", "*vĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*qĕdôšîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - holy ones/saints", "*neʾĕmān*": "verb, niphal participle masculine singular - faithful/trustworthy" }, "variants": { "*sĕbābunî*": "surround me/encompass me/encircle me", "*kaḥaš*": "deceit/lying/falsehood", "*rād*": "wanders/roams/rules/dominates", "*ʾēl*": "God/divine being/power", "*qĕdôšîm*": "holy ones/saints/holy beings" } }
• Hos 8:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.9", "source": "כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים", "text": "For they *ʿālû* *ʾaššûr*, *pereʾ* *bôḏēḏ* to him; *ʾep̄rayim* *hiṯnû* *ʾăhāḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they went up", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*pereʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - wild donkey", "*bôḏēḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - alone/solitary", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hiṯnû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they hired/purchased", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - loves/lovers" }, "variants": { "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/have gone", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*bôḏēḏ*": "alone/solitary/isolated", "*hiṯnû*": "hired/purchased/gave gifts", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "loves/lovers/love gifts" } }
• Jer 30:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.12", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֖ה אָנ֣וּשׁ לְשִׁבְרֵ֑ךְ נַחְלָ֖ה מַכָּתֵֽךְ", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *Yhwh* *ʾānûš* *lᵉšiḇrēḵ* *naḥlāh* *makkāṯēḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾānûš*": "adjective masculine singular - incurable/desperate", "*lᵉšiḇrēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - for your break/fracture", "*naḥlāh*": "feminine singular adjective - severe/grievous", "*makkāṯēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your wound/blow" }, "variants": { "*ʾānûš*": "incurable/desperate/serious", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "your break/fracture/wound/injury", "*naḥlāh*": "severe/grievous/incurable", "*makkāṯēḵ*": "your wound/blow/stroke" } }
• 2 Kgs 15:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.19", "source": "בָּ֣א פ֤וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מְנַחֵם֙ לְפ֔וּל אֶ֖לֶף כִּכַּר־כָּ֑סֶף לִהְי֤וֹת יָדָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ לְהַחֲזִ֥יק הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Baʾ* *Pul* *melek*-*ʾAshshur* against-the *ʾarets*, and *yitten* *Mənaḥem* to *Pul* thousand *kikkar*-*kaseph* to *lihyot* *yadaw* with him, to *haḥaziq* the *mamlakah* in *yado*.", "grammar": { "*Baʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Pul*": "proper name - Pul", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*ʾarets*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - gave", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*kikkar*": "construct state, feminine singular - talent of", "*kaseph*": "masculine singular - silver", "*lihyot*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix - to be", "*yadaw*": "feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*haḥaziq*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefix - to strengthen", "*mamlakah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yado*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*Pul*": "Pul (Tiglath-Pileser III)", "*kikkar*": "talent (unit of weight/money)", "*haḥaziq*": "to strengthen/to establish/to hold firm" } }
• Jer 30:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.14", "source": "כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֣יִךְ שְׁכֵח֔וּךְ אוֹתָ֖ךְ לֹ֣א יִדְרֹ֑שׁוּ כִּי֩ מַכַּ֨ת אוֹיֵ֤ב הִכִּיתִיךְ֙ מוּסַ֣ר אַכְזָרִ֔י עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֵ֔ךְ עָצְמ֖וּ חַטֹּאתָֽיִךְ", "text": "All-*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ* *šᵉḵēḥûḵ* you not *yiḏrōšû* for *makkaṯ* *ʾôyēḇ* *hikkîṯîḵ* *mûsar* *ʾaḵzārî* upon *rōḇ* *ʿăwōnēḵ* *ʿāṣᵉmû* *ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*", "grammar": { "*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ*": "piel participle masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*šᵉḵēḥûḵ*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - they have forgotten you", "*yiḏrōšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they seek/inquire", "*makkaṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - blow/wound of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle masculine singular - enemy", "*hikkîṯîḵ*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I have struck you", "*mûsar*": "masculine singular construct noun - discipline/chastisement of", "*ʾaḵzārî*": "adjective masculine singular - cruel/severe", "*rōḇ*": "masculine singular construct noun - abundance/greatness of", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your iniquity", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are numerous/mighty", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your sins" }, "variants": { "*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ*": "your lovers/allies", "*šᵉḵēḥûḵ*": "they have forgotten you/neglected you", "*yiḏrōšû*": "they seek/inquire/care for", "*makkaṯ*": "blow/wound/stroke of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*mûsar*": "discipline/chastisement/correction of", "*ʾaḵzārî*": "cruel/severe/fierce", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "your iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "they are numerous/mighty/strong", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*": "your sins/offenses" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.15", "source": "מַה־תִּזְעַק֙ עַל־שִׁבְרֵ֔ךְ אָנ֖וּשׁ מַכְאֹבֵ֑ךְ עַ֣ל ׀ רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֵ֗ךְ עָֽצְמוּ֙ חַטֹּאתַ֔יִךְ עָשִׂ֥יתִי אֵ֖לֶּה לָֽךְ", "text": "Why-*tizʿaq* for-*šiḇrēḵ* *ʾānûš* *maḵʾôḇēḵ* for *rōḇ* *ʿăwōnēḵ* *ʿāṣᵉmû* *ḥaṭṭōʾṯayiḵ* *ʿāśîṯî* these to-you", "grammar": { "*tizʿaq*": "qal imperfect 2nd person feminine singular - you cry out", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your break/fracture", "*ʾānûš*": "adjective masculine singular - incurable/desperate", "*maḵʾôḇēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your pain/sorrow", "*rōḇ*": "masculine singular construct noun - abundance/greatness of", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your iniquity", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are numerous/mighty", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯayiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your sins", "*ʿāśîṯî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have done" }, "variants": { "*tizʿaq*": "you cry out/call/shout", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "your break/fracture/wound", "*ʾānûš*": "incurable/desperate/grievous", "*maḵʾôḇēḵ*": "your pain/sorrow/suffering", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "your iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "they are numerous/mighty/strong", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯayiḵ*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*ʿāśîṯî*": "I have done/made/performed" } }
• 2 Kgs 15:29 : 29 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.29", "source": "בִּימֵ֞י פֶּ֣קַח מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בָּא֮ תִּגְלַ֣ת פִּלְאֶסֶר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁוּר֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־עִיּ֡וֹן וְאֶת־אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֡ה וְאֶת־יָ֠נוֹחַ וְאֶת־קֶ֨דֶשׁ וְאֶת־חָצ֤וֹר וְאֶת־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְאֶת־הַגָּלִ֔ילָה כֹּ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ נַפְתָּלִ֑י וַיַּגְלֵ֖ם אַשּֽׁוּרָה׃", "text": "In *yəme* *Peqaḥ* *melek*-*Yisraʾel* *baʾ* *Tiglat Pilʾeser* *melek* *ʾAshshur*, and *yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿIyyon* and *ʾet*-*ʾAbel Bet*-*Maʿakah* and *ʾet*-*Yanoaḥ* and *ʾet*-*Qedesh* and *ʾet*-*Ḥatsor* and *ʾet*-the *Gilʿad* and *ʾet*-the *Galilah*, all *ʾerets* *Naphtali*; and *yaglēm* *ʾAshshurah*.", "grammar": { "*yəme*": "construct state, masculine plural - days of", "*Peqaḥ*": "proper name - Pekah", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*Yisraʾel*": "proper name - Israel", "*baʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Tiglat Pilʾeser*": "proper name - Tiglath-Pileser", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ʿIyyon*": "proper name - Ijon", "*ʾAbel Bet*-*Maʿakah*": "proper name - Abel Beth Maacah", "*Yanoaḥ*": "proper name - Janoah", "*Qedesh*": "proper name - Kedesh", "*Ḥatsor*": "proper name - Hazor", "*Gilʿad*": "definite proper name - the Gilead", "*Galilah*": "definite proper name - the Galilee", "*ʾerets*": "construct state, feminine singular - land of", "*Naphtali*": "proper name - Naphtali", "*yaglēm*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - exiled them", "*ʾAshshurah*": "proper name with directional he - to Assyria" }, "variants": { "*yaglēm*": "exiled them/carried them away captive", "*ʾAshshurah*": "to Assyria/Asshur" } }
• 2 Kgs 16:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.16.7", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אָחָ֜ז מַלְאָכִ֗ים אֶל־תִּ֠גְלַת פְּלֶ֤סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עַבְדְּךָ֥ וּבִנְךָ֖ אָ֑נִי עֲלֵ֨ה וְהוֹשִׁעֵ֜נִי מִכַּ֣ף מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם וּמִכַּף֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַקּוֹמִ֖ים עָלָֽי", "text": "*wayyišlaḥ* *ʾāḥāz* *malʾāḵîm* to *tiḡlaṯ* *pəleser* *meleḵ*-*ʾaššûr* *lēmōr* *ʿaḇdəḵā* and *ḇinḵā* I *ʿălēh* and *hôšîʿēnî* from *kap* *meleḵ*-*ʾărām* and from *kap* *meleḵ* *yiśrāʾēl* *haqqômîm* against me", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾāḥāz*": "proper name - Ahaz", "*malʾāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - messengers", "*tiḡlaṯ* *pəleser*": "proper name - Tiglath-Pileser", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper name - Assyria", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ḇinḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*ʿălēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*hôšîʿēnî*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - save me", "*kap*": "feminine singular construct - hand/palm of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria", "*kap*": "feminine singular construct - hand/palm of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*haqqômîm*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones rising" }, "variants": { "*ʿaḇdəḵā* and *ḇinḵā* I": "I am your servant and your son (vassal relationship)", "*kap*": "hand/palm/power", "*haqqômîm* against me": "who are rising against me/attacking me" } }
• 2 Chr 28:16-18 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.16", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא שָׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ אָחָ֛ז עַל־מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֖וּר לַעְזֹ֥ר לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*bāʿêt* *hahîʾ* *shālaḥ* *hammelek* *ʾĀḥāz* *ʿal*-*malḵê* *ʾAshshûr* *laʿzōr* *lô*", "grammar": { "*bāʿêt*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the time", "*hahîʾ*": "definite article + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - that", "*shālaḥ*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - he sent", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾĀḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*ʿal*-*malḵê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to kings of", "*ʾAshshûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*laʿzōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to help", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him" }, "variants": { "*ʿal*-*malḵê*": "to/for kings of (idiom for seeking help from)" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.17", "source": "וְע֥וֹד אֲדוֹמִ֖ים בָּ֑אוּ וַיַּכּ֥וּ בִיהוּדָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁבּוּ־שֶֽׁבִי׃", "text": "*wəʿôd* *ʾĂdômîm* *bāʾû* *wayyakkû* *ḇîhûdāh* *wayyishbû*-*sheḇî*", "grammar": { "*wəʿôd*": "conjunction + adverb - and again/moreover", "*ʾĂdômîm*": "proper noun - Edomites", "*bāʾû*": "3rd masculine plural qal perfect - they came", "*wayyakkû*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural hiphil imperfect waw-consecutive - and they struck", "*ḇîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - in Judah", "*wayyishbû*-*sheḇî*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect waw-consecutive + masculine singular noun - and they took captive captivity" }, "variants": { "*wayyishbû*-*sheḇî*": "took captives/carried off prisoners (emphatic construction)" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.18", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פָּשְׁט֗וּ בְּעָרֵ֨י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ לִֽיהוּדָה֒ וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֜וֹן וְאֶת־הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֤וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־תִּמְנָ֣ה וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גִּמְז֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*ûPəlishtîm* *pāshəṭû* *bəʿārê* *hashshəpêlāh* *wəhannegeḇ* *lîhûdāh* *wayyilkədû* *ʾet*-*Bêt*-*shemesh* *wəʾet*-*ʾAyyālôn* *wəʾet*-*haGgədêrôt* *wəʾet*-*Śôḵô* *ûḇənôtehā* *wəʾet*-*Timnāh* *ûḇənôtehā* *wəʾet*-*Gimzô* *wəʾet*-*bənōtehā* *wayyêshəḇû* *shām*", "grammar": { "*ûPəlishtîm*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Philistines", "*pāshəṭû*": "3rd masculine plural qal perfect - they raided", "*bəʿārê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*hashshəpêlāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the lowland", "*wəhannegeḇ*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Negev", "*lîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - of/belonging to Judah", "*wayyilkədû*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and they captured", "*ʾet*-*Bêt*-*shemesh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Beth-shemesh", "*wəʾet*-*ʾAyyālôn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Aijalon", "*wəʾet*-*haGgədêrôt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - and Gederoth", "*wəʾet*-*Śôḵô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Soco", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wəʾet*-*Timnāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Timnah", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wəʾet*-*Gimzô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gimzo", "*wəʾet*-*bənōtehā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wayyêshəḇû*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and they dwelt/settled", "*shām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*pāshəṭû*": "raided/spread out/made a raid", "*hashshəpêlāh*": "the lowland/foothills region", "*bənôtehā*": "its daughters/surrounding villages/settlements (metaphor for satellite towns)" } }
• 2 Chr 28:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.20", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א עָלָ֔יו תִּלְּגַ֥ת פִּלְנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיָּ֥צַר ל֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א חֲזָֽקוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyāḇōʾ* *ʿālāyw* *Tilləgat* *Pilnəʾeser* *melek* *ʾAshshûr* *wayyāṣar* *lô* *wəlōʾ* *ḥazāqô*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he came", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Tilləgat* *Pilnəʾeser*": "proper noun - Tiglath-pileser", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾAshshûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wayyāṣar*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he distressed", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥazāqô*": "3rd masculine singular piel perfect + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he strengthened him" }, "variants": { "*wayyāṣar* *lô*": "distressed him/oppressed him/besieged him", "*ḥazāqô*": "strengthened him/supported him/helped him" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.21", "source": "כִּֽי־חָלַ֤ק אָחָז֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים וַיִּתֵּן֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְלֹ֥א לְעֶזְרָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kî*-*ḥālaq* *ʾĀḥāz* *ʾet*-*bêt* *YHWH* *wəʾet*-*bêt* *hammelek* *wəhaśśārîm* *wayyittên* *ləmelek* *ʾAshshûr* *wəlōʾ* *ləʿezrāh* *lô*", "grammar": { "*kî*-*ḥālaq*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal perfect - for he divided/stripped", "*ʾĀḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*ʾet*-*bêt*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*wəʾet*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular construct - and house of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wəhaśśārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the princes/officials", "*wayyittên*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he gave", "*ləmelek*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to king of", "*ʾAshshûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ləʿezrāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for help", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*ḥālaq*": "divided/stripped/plundered/took a portion from" } }
• Hos 14:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.14.3", "source": "קְח֤וּ עִמָּכֶם֙ דְּבָרִ֔ים וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה אִמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כָּל־תִּשָּׂ֤א עָוֺן֙ וְקַח־ט֔וֹב וּֽנְשַׁלְּמָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים שְׂפָתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*qĕḥû* *ʿimmāḵem* *dĕḇārîm* *wĕšûḇû* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *ʾimrû* *ʾēlāyw* *kol*-*tiśśāʾ* *ʿāwōn* *wĕqaḥ*-*ṭôḇ* *ûnĕšallĕmâ* *pārîm* *śĕpātênû*", "grammar": { "*qĕḥû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take!", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition + suffix - with you", "*dĕḇārîm*": "noun masculine plural - words", "*wĕšûḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and return!", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to, toward", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - say!", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + suffix - to him", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*tiśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will forgive/lift away", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun masculine singular - iniquity", "*wĕqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and accept/take", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective - good", "*ûnĕšallĕmâ*": "conjunction + piel cohortative 1st plural - and let us offer/repay", "*pārîm*": "noun masculine plural - bulls/bullocks", "*śĕpātênû*": "noun feminine plural construct + suffix - our lips" }, "variants": { "*dĕḇārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/bear/forgive/take away", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/goodness/what is good", "*nĕšallĕmâ*": "offer/repay/fulfill/make good", "*pārîm*": "bulls/bullocks (as sacrifices)", "*pārîm śĕpātênû*": "bulls of our lips (metaphor for praise offerings)" } }
• Mic 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.1.9", "source": "כִּ֥י אֲנוּשָׁ֖ה מַכּוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי־בָ֙אָה֙ עַד־יְהוּדָ֔ה נָגַ֛ע עַד־שַׁ֥עַר עַמִּ֖י עַד־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "For *ʾănûšāh* *makkôṯeyhā* for-*ḇāʾāh* unto-*Yəhûḏāh* *nāḡaʿ* unto-*šaʿar* *ʿammî* unto-*Yərûšālaim*", "grammar": { "*ʾănûšāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - incurable/sick", "*makkôṯeyhā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, feminine plural - her wounds/blows", "*ḇāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has come", "*Yəhûḏāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*nāḡaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has reached/touched", "*šaʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - gate of", "*ʿammî*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my people", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper name, feminine singular" }, "variants": { "*ʾănûšāh*": "incurable/sick/fatal/desperate", "*makkôṯeyhā*": "wounds/blows/strikes/plagues", "*ḇāʾāh*": "come/arrive/enter", "*nāḡaʿ*": "reach/touch/extend to" } }