1 Sam 18:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.1",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד *ויאהבו **וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* when *kə-kallôtô* to *dabbēr* to *Šāʾûl*, and *nepeš* *Yəhônātān* *niqšərâ* in *nepeš* *Dāwid*; and *wa-yeʾĕhābēhû* *Yəhônātān* as *nepeš* his own.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass",
"*kə-kallôtô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he finished/completed",
"*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/self/life",
"*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*niqšərâ*": "niphal perfect, 3fs - was bound/knit together",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wa-yeʾĕhābēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he loved him",
"*kə-napšô*": "preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self"
},
"variants": {
"*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being",
"*niqšərâ*": "was bound/knit together/tied/connected",
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/affection/devotion"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.2",
"source": "וַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּ שָׁא֖וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְלֹ֣א נְתָנ֔וֹ לָשׁ֖וּב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wa-yiqqāḥēhû* *Šāʾûl* in *yôm* the *hû*, and *lōʾ* *nətānô* to *šûb* *bêt* *ʾābîw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqqāḥēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he took him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ba-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in the day",
"*ha-hû*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - the that/that one",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nətānô*": "qal perfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - he allowed/gave him",
"*šûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return",
"*bêt*": "construct state of noun - house of",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his father"
},
"variants": {
"*lāqaḥ*": "take/seize/acquire",
"*nātan*": "give/allow/permit",
"*šûb*": "return/go back/turn back"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.3",
"source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yikrōt* *Yəhônātān* and *Dāwid* *bərît*, in *ʾahăbātô* *ʾōtô* as *napšô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he cut/made",
"*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*wə-Dāwid*": "conjunction + proper noun - and David",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant",
"*bə-ʾahăbātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in/because of his love",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3ms suffix - him",
"*kə-napšô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self"
},
"variants": {
"*kārat bərît*": "cut/make a covenant",
"*ʾahăbâ*": "love/affection/devotion",
"*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.4",
"source": "וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yitpaššēṭ* *Yəhônātān* *ʾet*-the *məʿîl* *ʾăšer* upon him, and *wa-yittənēhû* to *Dāwid*, and *maddāyw* and unto *ḥarbô* and unto *qaštô* and unto *ḥăgōrô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yitpaššēṭ*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3ms - and he stripped/removed",
"*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*ʾet-ha-məʿîl*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the robe",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - upon him",
"*wa-yittənēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he gave it",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*maddāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his garments/uniform",
"*ḥarbô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his sword",
"*qaštô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his bow",
"*ḥăgōrô*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his belt/girdle"
},
"variants": {
"*pāšaṭ*": "strip off/remove/take off",
"*məʿîl*": "robe/cloak/outer garment",
"*maddîm*": "garments/clothes/military uniform",
"*ḥereb*": "sword/knife/weapon",
"*qešet*": "bow/archer's weapon",
"*ḥăgôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.5",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּ שָׁאוּל֙ יַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּ שָׁא֔וּל עַ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם וְגַ֕ם בְּעֵינֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃",
"text": "And *wa-yēṣēʾ* *Dāwid* in all *ʾăšer* *yišlāḥennû* *Šāʾûl* *yaśkîl*; and *wa-yəśîmēhû* *Šāʾûl* over *ʾanšê* the *milḥāmâ*; and *wa-yîṭab* in *ʿênê* all-the *ʿām*, and also in *ʿênê* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun construct - in all",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yišlāḥennû*": "qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - he sent him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*yaśkîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3ms - he succeeded/prospered/acted wisely",
"*wa-yəśîmēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he set/placed him",
"*ʿal ʾanšê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - over men of",
"*ha-milḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the war/battle",
"*wa-yîṭab*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was good",
"*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*kol-ha-ʿām*": "all + definite article + masculine singular noun - all the people",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/exit",
"*šālaḥ*": "send/send out/dispatch",
"*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper",
"*śîm*": "put/place/set/appoint",
"*ʾanšê*": "men/soldiers/people of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/fighting",
"*yāṭab*": "be good/pleasing/right",
"*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/approval",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.6",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּב דָּוִד֙ מֵהַכּ֣וֹת אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה הַנָּשִׁ֜ים מִכָּל־עָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ *לשור **לָשִׁ֣יר וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת לִקְרַ֖את שָׁא֣וּל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בְּתֻפִּ֥ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* in *bôʾām* in *šûb* *Dāwid* from *hakkôt* *ʾet-ha-pəlištî*, and *wa-tēṣeʾnâ* the *nāšîm* from all *ʿārê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lāšîr* and the *məḥōlôt* to *qirʾat* *Šāʾûl* the *melek*, with *tuppîm* with *śimḥâ* and with *šālišîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass",
"*bə-bôʾām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their coming",
"*bə-šûb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in/when returning",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*mē-hakkôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - from striking/killing",
"*ʾet-ha-pəlištî*": "direct object marker + definite article + gentilic noun - the Philistine",
"*wa-tēṣeʾnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they went out",
"*ha-nāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women",
"*mi-kol-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun + feminine plural construct - from all cities of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lāšîr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sing",
"*wə-ha-məḥōlôt*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the dances",
"*li-qirʾat*": "preposition + construct noun - to meet",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*bə-tuppîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - with timbrels/tambourines",
"*bə-śimḥâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with joy/gladness",
"*û-bə-šālišîm*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun - and with three-stringed instruments"
},
"variants": {
"*bôʾ*": "come/enter/arrive",
"*šûb*": "return/turn back/come back",
"*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill",
"*pəlištî*": "Philistine(s)",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/exit",
"*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females",
"*šîr*": "sing/chant",
"*məḥōlôt*": "dances/dancing",
"*tōp*": "tambourine/timbrel/drum",
"*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing",
"*šālišîm*": "three-stringed instruments/triangles"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.7",
"source": "וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹת וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָ הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wa-ttaʿănênâ* the *nāšîm* the *məśaḥăqôt* and *wa-ttōʾmarnâ*, *hikkâ* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾălāpāyw*, and *Dāwid* in *rībəbōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-ttaʿănênâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they answered/sang",
"*ha-nāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women",
"*ha-məśaḥăqôt*": "definite article + piel participle, feminine plural - the playing/celebrating",
"*wa-ttōʾmarnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they said",
"*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he smote/struck",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ba-ʾălāpāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his thousands",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*bə-rībəbōtāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his ten thousands"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿānâ*": "answer/respond/sing",
"*śāḥaq*": "play/celebrate/laugh/dance",
"*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill/defeat",
"*ʾelep*": "thousand/thousand (unit)",
"*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.8",
"source": "וַיִּ֨חַר לְשָׁא֜וּל מְאֹ֗ד וַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָתְנ֤וּ לְדָוִד֙ רְבָב֔וֹת וְלִ֥י נָתְנ֖וּ הָאֲלָפִ֑ים וְע֥וֹד ל֖וֹ אַ֥ךְ הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yiḥar* to *Šāʾûl* *məʾōd*, and *wa-yēraʿ* in *ʿênāyw* the *dābār* the *zeh*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, they have *nātnû* to *Dāwid* *rəbābôt*, and to me they have *nātnû* the *ʾălāpîm*, and *ʿôd* to him only the *məlûkâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiḥar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it burned/became angry",
"*lə-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*wa-yēraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was evil/displease",
"*bə-ʿênāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3ms suffix - in his eyes",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the word/matter",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*nātnû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they gave",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*rəbābôt*": "feminine plural noun - ten thousands",
"*lî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - to me",
"*ha-ʾălāpîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the thousands",
"*wə-ʿôd*": "conjunction + adverb - and still/yet/more",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely",
"*ha-məlûkâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the kingdom/kingship"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥārâ*": "burn/become angry/be kindled",
"*rāʿaʿ*": "be evil/displeasing/bad",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*nātan*": "give/assign/attribute",
"*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad",
"*ʾelep*": "thousand",
"*məlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.9",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֖וּל *עון **עוֹיֵ֣ן אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד מֵהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʿôyēn* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* from the *yôm* the *hû* and *hālʾâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was/became",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʿôyēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - eying suspiciously/regarding with hostility",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*mē-ha-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the day",
"*ha-hû*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that",
"*wā-hālʾâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and onward/beyond"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāyan*": "eye suspiciously/regard with jealousy/envy",
"*yôm*": "day/time",
"*hālʾâ*": "beyond/forward/onward"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.10",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַתִּצְלַ֣ח רוּחַ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ רָעָ֤ה ׀ אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣א בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֔יִת וְדָוִ֛ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ כְּי֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֑וֹם וְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־שָׁאֽוּל׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* from *moḥŏrāt*, and *wa-tiṣlaḥ* *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *rāʿâ* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wa-yitnabbēʾ* in within-the *bayit*, and *Dāwid* *mənagēn* with *yādô* as *yôm* by *yôm*. And the *ḥănît* in *yad*-*Šāʾûl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass",
"*mi-moḥŏrāt*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from the next day",
"*wa-tiṣlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fs - and it rushed/came upon",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God",
"*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular adjective - evil/harmful",
"*ʾel-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul",
"*wa-yitnabbēʾ*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3ms - and he prophesied/raved",
"*bə-tôk-ha-bayit*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the midst of the house",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*mənagēn*": "piel participle, masculine singular - playing music",
"*bə-yādô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - with his hand",
"*kə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as day",
"*bə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - by day",
"*wə-ha-ḥănît*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the spear",
"*bə-yad-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - in the hand of Saul"
},
"variants": {
"*moḥŏrāt*": "next day/tomorrow",
"*ṣālaḥ*": "rush/come mightily upon",
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*rāʿâ*": "evil/harmful/distressing",
"*nābāʾ*": "prophesy/speak under divine influence/rave",
"*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling",
"*nāgan*": "play music/play an instrument",
"*yād*": "hand/power",
"*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.11",
"source": "וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wa-yāṭel* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-the *ḥănît*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, I will *ʾakkeh* in *Dāwid* and in the *qîr*. And *wa-yissōb* *Dāwid* from *pānāyw* *paʿămāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yāṭel*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he hurled/cast",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-ha-ḥănît*": "direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - the spear",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*ʾakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1cs - I will strike/kill",
"*bə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - through David",
"*û-ba-qîr*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - and into the wall",
"*wa-yissōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he turned/avoided",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*mi-pānāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - from his presence/face",
"*paʿămāyim*": "feminine dual noun - twice/two times"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭûl*": "hurl/cast/throw",
"*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin",
"*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill",
"*qîr*": "wall/side",
"*sābab*": "turn/turn away/avoid",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front",
"*paʿămāyim*": "twice/two times"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.12",
"source": "וַיִּרָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל מִלִּפְנֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּמֵעִ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל סָֽר׃",
"text": "And *wa-yirāʾ* *Šāʾûl* from *li-pnê* *Dāwid*, for *hāyâ* *YHWH* with him, and from with *Šāʾûl* *sār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yirāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he feared",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*mi-li-pnê*": "preposition + preposition + construct noun - from before",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*kî-hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3ms - for/because he was",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him",
"*û-mē-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition + preposition - and from with",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*sār*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he departed/turned away"
},
"variants": {
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen",
"*sûr*": "turn aside/depart/be removed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.13",
"source": "וַיְסִרֵ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ ל֖וֹ שַׂר־אָ֑לֶף וַיֵּצֵ֥א וַיָּבֹ֖א לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəsîrēhû* *Šāʾûl* from with him, and *wa-yəśîmēhû* to him *śar*-*ʾālep*. And *wa-yēṣēʾ* and *wa-yābōʾ* before the *ʿām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəsîrēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he removed him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*mē-ʿimmô*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from with him",
"*wa-yəśîmēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he made/appointed him",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - for himself",
"*śar-ʾālep*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun - commander of a thousand",
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out",
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he came in",
"*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before",
"*ha-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away",
"*śîm*": "put/place/set/appoint",
"*śar*": "commander/official/captain",
"*ʾelep*": "thousand/unit of troops",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart",
"*bôʾ*": "come in/enter/arrive",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/troops"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.14",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י דָוִ֛ד לְכָל־דָּרְכָ֖ו מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* *Dāwid* in all-*darkô* *maśkîl*; and *YHWH* with him.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*lə-kol-darkô*": "preposition + noun construct + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in all his ways",
"*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/succeeding/prospering",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/exist",
"*derek*": "way/path/conduct",
"*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.15",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא מַשְׂכִּ֣יל מְאֹ֑ד וַיָּ֖גָר מִפָּנָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wa-yarʾ* *Šāʾûl* *ʾăšer*-he *maśkîl* *məʾōd*, and *wa-yāgor* from *pānāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he saw",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾăšer-hû*": "relative pronoun + 3ms pronoun - that he",
"*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/succeeding/prospering",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*wa-yāgor*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was afraid/feared",
"*mi-pānāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - from his presence"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾâ*": "see/observe/perceive",
"*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper",
"*gûr*": "be afraid/fear/dread",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.16",
"source": "וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּֽי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And all-*Yiśrāʾēl* and *Yəhûdâ* *ʾōhēb* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*, for-he *yôṣēʾ* and *bāʾ* before them.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kol-Yiśrāʾēl*": "conjunction + noun construct + proper noun - and all Israel",
"*wi-Yəhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah",
"*ʾōhēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - loving",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*kî-hû*": "conjunction + 3ms pronoun - for he",
"*yôṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out",
"*wā-bāʾ*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - and coming in",
"*li-pnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3mp suffix - before them"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/like/be fond of",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart",
"*bôʾ*": "come in/enter/arrive",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה מֵרַב֙ אֹתָהּ֙ אֶתֶּן־לְךָ֣ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֱיֵה־לִּ֣י לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל וְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁא֣וּל אָמַ֗ר אַל־תְּהִ֤י יָדִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, *hinnê* my *bittî* the *gədôlâ* *Mērab*, *ʾōtāh* I will *ʾettēn*-to you to *ʾiššâ*; only *hĕyê*-to me for *ben*-*ḥayil*, and *hillāḥēm* *milḥămôt* *YHWH*. And *Šāʾûl* *ʾāmar*, not-*təhî* my *yādî* against him, but *təhî*-against him *yad*-*pəlištîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*hinnê*": "interjection - behold/see",
"*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my daughter",
"*ha-gədôlâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the older/greater",
"*Mērab*": "proper noun - Merab",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3fs suffix - her",
"*ʾettēn-ləkā*": "qal imperfect, 1cs + preposition + 2ms suffix - I will give to you",
"*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife",
"*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely/nevertheless",
"*hĕyê-lî*": "qal imperative, masculine singular + preposition + 1cs suffix - be for me",
"*lə-ben-ḥayil*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun - as a son of valor",
"*wə-hillāḥēm*": "conjunction + niphal imperative, masculine singular - and fight",
"*milḥămôt*": "feminine plural construct - battles of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wə-Šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Saul",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/thought",
"*ʾal-təhî*": "negative particle + qal jussive, 3fs - let not be",
"*yādî*": "feminine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my hand",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - against him",
"*û-təhî-bô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - but let it be against him",
"*yad-pəlištîm*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - the hand of the Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/think",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*gādôl*": "great/large/older",
"*nātan*": "give/place/put",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen",
"*ben-ḥayil*": "son of valor/valiant warrior",
"*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle",
"*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/fight",
"*yād*": "hand/power",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל מִ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ וּמִ֣י חַיַּ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת אָבִ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־אֶהְיֶ֥ה חָתָ֖ן לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl*, who am *ʾānōkî*, and who *ḥayyay*, *mišpaḥat* my *ʾābî* in *Yiśrāʾēl*, that-I shall *ʾehyeh* *ḥātān* to the *melek*?",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾel-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul",
"*mî ʾānōkî*": "interrogative pronoun + 1cs pronoun - who am I",
"*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who",
"*ḥayyay*": "masculine plural noun + 1cs suffix - my life/family",
"*mišpaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - family/clan of",
"*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my father",
"*bə-Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel",
"*kî-ʾehyeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1cs - that I should become",
"*ḥātān*": "masculine singular noun - son-in-law",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/command",
"*ḥayyîm*": "life/family/relatives",
"*mišpāḥâ*": "family/clan/tribe",
"*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen",
"*ḥātān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom",
"*melek*": "king/ruler"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.19",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֵ֥[t]ת תֵּ֛ת אֶת־מֵרַ֥ב בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל לְדָוִ֑ד וְהִ֧יא נִתְּנָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל הַמְּחֹלָתִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəhî* in *ʿēt* *tēt* *ʾet*-*Mērab* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, and she was *nittənâ* to *ʿAdrîʾēl* the *Məḥōlātî* to *ʾiššâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass",
"*bə-ʿēt*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in the time of",
"*tēt*": "qal infinitive construct - giving",
"*ʾet-Mērab*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Merab",
"*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*wə-hîʾ*": "conjunction + 3fs pronoun - and she",
"*nittənâ*": "niphal perfect, 3fs - was given",
"*lə-ʿAdrîʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Adriel",
"*ha-Məḥōlātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Meholathite",
"*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyâ*": "be/happen/come to pass",
"*ʿēt*": "time/season/occasion",
"*nātan*": "give/place/appoint",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.20",
"source": "וַתֶּאֱהַ֛ב מִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֔וּל וַיִּשַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wa-tteʾĕhab* *Mîkal* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*, and *wa-yaggidû* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wa-yîšar* the *dābār* in *ʿênāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-tteʾĕhab*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fs - and she loved",
"*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal",
"*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told",
"*lə-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul",
"*wa-yîšar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was right/pleasing",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the matter/thing",
"*bə-ʿênāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3ms suffix - in his eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/have affection for",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform",
"*yāšar*": "be right/pleasing/straight",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl*, I will *ʾettənennâ* to him, and *təhî*-to him for *môqēš*, and *təhî*-against him *yad*-*pəlištîm*. And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, in *šətayim* you shall *titḥattēn* with me *ha-yôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾettənennâ*": "qal imperfect, 1cs + 3fs suffix - I will give her",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*û-təhî-lô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - and let her be to him",
"*lə-môqēš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a snare/trap",
"*û-təhî-bô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - and let it be against him",
"*yad-pəlištîm*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - the hand of the Philistines",
"*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*bi-šətayim*": "preposition + feminine dual numeral - with two/twice",
"*titḥattēn*": "hithpael imperfect, 2ms - you will become related by marriage",
"*bî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - with me",
"*ha-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - today/this day"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/think",
"*nātan*": "give/place/put",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen",
"*môqēš*": "snare/trap/bait",
"*yād*": "hand/power/control",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines",
"*šətayim*": "two/twice/second time",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*yôm*": "day/time/today"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.22",
"source": "וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ו דַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yəṣaw* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-his *ʿăbādāw*, *dabbərû* to *Dāwid* in *lāṭ* saying, *hinnê* *ḥāpēṣ* in you the *melek*, and all-his *ʿăbādāyw* *ʾăhēbûkā*; and now *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəṣaw*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3ms - and he commanded",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-ʿăbādāw*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his servants",
"*dabbərû*": "piel imperative, 2mp - speak",
"*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*ba-llāṭ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - privately/secretly",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*hinnê*": "interjection - behold",
"*ḥāpēṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he delights",
"*bəkā*": "preposition + 2ms suffix - in you",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*wə-kol-ʿăbādāyw*": "conjunction + noun construct + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - and all his servants",
"*ʾăhēbûkā*": "qal perfect, 3cp + 2ms suffix - they love you",
"*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*hitḥattēn*": "hithpael imperative, 2ms - become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāwâ*": "command/order/instruct",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*dibbēr*": "speak/talk/promise",
"*lāṭ*": "secrecy/privacy",
"*ḥāpēṣ*": "delight in/desire/please",
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/like/be fond of",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.23",
"source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yədabbərû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾoznê* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*. And *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid*, Is it *ha-nəqallâ* in *ʿênêkem* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*, and *ʾānōkî* *ʾîš*-*rāš* and *niqleh*?",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yədabbərû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they spoke",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the ears of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ha-nəqallâ*": "interrogative particle + niphal perfect, 3fs - is it a light thing",
"*bə-ʿênêkem*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 2mp suffix - in your eyes",
"*hitḥattēn*": "hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1cs pronoun - and I",
"*ʾîš-rāš*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular adjective - a poor man",
"*wə-niqleh*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - and lightly esteemed"
},
"variants": {
"*dibbēr*": "speak/talk/tell",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*qālal*": "be light/of little account/insignificant",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person",
"*rāš*": "poor/needy/lacking",
"*qālâ*": "be lightly esteemed/dishonored/of little value"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.24",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֜דוּ עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁא֛וּל ל֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה דִּבֶּ֥ר דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "And *wa-yaggidû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* to him *lēʾmōr*, like the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh* *dibbēr* *Dāwid*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ka-ddəbārîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - like the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3ms - spoke",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*dibbēr*": "speak/say/talk"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl*, thus-*tōʾmərû* to *Dāwid*, there is no-*ḥēpeṣ* to the *melek* in *mōhar*, but in *mēʾâ* *ʿorlôt* *pəlištîm*, to *hinnāqēm* in *ʾōyəbê* the *melek*. And *Šāʾûl* *ḥāšab* to *happîl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* by *yad*-*pəlištîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*kōh-tōʾmərû*": "adverb + qal imperfect, 2mp - thus you shall say",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "negative particle + masculine singular noun - there is no pleasure/desire",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king",
"*bə-mōhar*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in bride price",
"*kî*": "conjunction - but/except",
"*bə-mēʾâ*": "preposition + feminine singular numeral - in a hundred",
"*ʿorlôt*": "feminine plural construct - foreskins of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*lə-hinnāqēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be avenged",
"*bə-ʾōyəbê*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine plural construct - on the enemies of",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*wə-Šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Saul",
"*ḥāšab*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he thought/planned",
"*lə-happîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*bə-yad-pəlištîm*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - by the hand of the Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*ḥēpeṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*mōhar*": "bride price/dowry",
"*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin",
"*nāqam*": "avenge/take vengeance",
"*ʾōyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary",
"*ḥāšab*": "think/plan/devise",
"*nāpal*": "fall/be killed/die",
"*yād*": "hand/power"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.26",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ עֲבָדָ֤יו לְדָוִד֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yaggidû* his *ʿăbādāyw* to *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*; and *wa-yîšar* the *dābār* in *ʿênê* *Dāwid* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *lōʾ* *mālʾû* the *yāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told",
"*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his servants",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*wa-yîšar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was pleasing",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the matter",
"*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*mālʾû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they were fulfilled/completed",
"*ha-yāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days"
},
"variants": {
"*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*yāšar*": "be right/pleasing/good",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/approval",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*mālēʾ*": "be full/fulfill/complete",
"*yôm*": "day/time"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.27",
"source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ ה֣וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו וַיַּ֣ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ מָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ וַיָּבֵ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶת־עָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְמַלְא֣וּם לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yāqom* *Dāwid* and *wa-yēlek* he and his *ʾănāšāyw*, and *wa-yak* in the *pəlištîm* *māʾtayim* *ʾîš*. And *wa-yābēʾ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-their *ʿorlōtêhem*, and *wa-yəmalʾûm* to the *melek*, to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *wa-yittēn*-to him *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Mîkal* his *bittô* to *ʾiššâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yāqom*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he arose",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wa-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went",
"*hû*": "3ms pronoun - he",
"*wa-ʾănāšāyw*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - and his men",
"*wa-yak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he struck",
"*ba-pəlištîm*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - among the Philistines",
"*māʾtayim*": "masculine dual numeral - two hundred",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - men",
"*wa-yābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he brought",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet-ʿorlōtêhem*": "direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3mp suffix - their foreskins",
"*wa-yəmalʾûm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they filled them/delivered in full number",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king",
"*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wa-yittēn-lô*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + preposition + 3ms suffix - and he gave to him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-Mîkal*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Michal",
"*bittô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his daughter",
"*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife"
},
"variants": {
"*qûm*": "arise/stand up/go forth",
"*hālak*": "go/walk/depart",
"*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person",
"*nākâ*": "strike/kill/defeat",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines",
"*bôʾ*": "bring/carry/lead",
"*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin",
"*mālēʾ*": "fill/complete/deliver in full",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*nātan*": "give/place/put",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.28",
"source": "וַיַּ֤רְא שָׁאוּל֙ וַיֵּ֔דַע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אַהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yarʾ* *Šāʾûl* and *wa-yēdaʿ* that *YHWH* with-*Dāwid*; and *Mîkal* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* *ʾăhēbatᵉhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he saw",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wa-yēdaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he knew",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʿim-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - with David",
"*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal",
"*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul",
"*ʾăhēbatᵉhû*": "qal perfect, 3fs + 3ms suffix - she loved him"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾâ*": "see/observe/perceive",
"*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/recognize",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/have affection for"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אסֶף שָׁא֗וּל לֵרֹ֛א מִפְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד ע֑וֹד וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֛וּל אֹיֵ֥ב אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾsep* *Šāʾûl* to *lērōʾ* from *pənê* *Dāwid* *ʿôd*. And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʾōyēb* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* all-the *yāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾsep*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he continued/added",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lērōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to fear",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - from the presence of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he became",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾōyēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy/being hostile",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*kol-ha-yāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the days"
},
"variants": {
"*yāsap*": "continue/add/increase",
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/exist",
"*ʾāyab*": "be an enemy/be hostile to",
"*yôm*": "day/time"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.30",
"source": "וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wa-yēṣəʾû* *śārê* *pəlištîm*, and *wa-yəhî* from *middê* their *ṣēʾtām*, *śākal* *Dāwid* more than all *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl*; and *wa-yîqqar* his *šəmô* *məʾōd*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went out",
"*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders/officials of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened",
"*mi-ddê*": "preposition + construct noun - from the time of",
"*ṣēʾtām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their going out",
"*śākal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he succeeded/acted wisely",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun construct - more than all",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wa-yîqqar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it became precious/valued",
"*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his name",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart",
"*śar*": "commander/official/captain",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines",
"*hāyâ*": "be/come to pass/happen",
"*dê*": "enough/sufficiency/as often as",
"*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*yāqar*": "be precious/valuable/esteemed",
"*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame"
}
}