Psalms 18:16

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.18.16", "source": "וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֢וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "And *yera'u* *afiqey* *mayim* and *yigalu* *mosdot* *tevel* from *ga'aratcha* *YHWH* from *nishmat* *ruach* *apecha*.", "grammar": { "*yera'u*": "nifal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were seen", "*afiqey*": "construct state, masculine plural - channels of", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*yigalu*": "nifal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were uncovered", "*mosdot*": "construct state, feminine plural - foundations of", "*tevel*": "feminine singular noun - world", "*ga'aratcha*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your rebuke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*nishmat*": "construct state, feminine singular - breath of", "*ruach*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath", "*apecha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your nose/anger" }, "variants": { "*yera'u*": "they were seen/they appeared/they were exposed", "*afiqey*": "channels of/streams of/beds of", "*yigalu*": "they were uncovered/they were exposed/they were laid bare", "*mosdot*": "foundations of/bases of", "*tevel*": "world/earth/inhabited land", "*ga'aratcha*": "your rebuke/your blast/your reproof", "*nishmat*": "breath of/blast of", "*apecha*": "your nose/your anger/your wrath" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֢וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃

Transliteration

And yera'u afiqey mayim and yigalu mosdot tevel from ga'aratcha YHWH from nishmat ruach apecha.

Grammar Details

• *yera'u*: nifal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were seen
• *afiqey*: construct state, masculine plural - channels of
• *mayim*: masculine plural noun - waters
• *yigalu*: nifal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were uncovered
• *mosdot*: construct state, feminine plural - foundations of
• *tevel*: feminine singular noun - world
• *ga'aratcha*: feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your rebuke
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name
• *nishmat*: construct state, feminine singular - breath of
• *ruach*: feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath
• *apecha*: masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your nose/anger

Word Meanings

• *yera'u*: they were seen/they appeared/they were exposed
• *afiqey*: channels of/streams of/beds of
• *yigalu*: they were uncovered/they were exposed/they were laid bare
• *mosdot*: foundations of/bases of
• *tevel*: world/earth/inhabited land
• *ga'aratcha*: your rebuke/your blast/your reproof
• *nishmat*: breath of/blast of
• *apecha*: your nose/your anger/your wrath

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The channels of the sea appeared, and the foundations of the world were laid bare at Your rebuke, LORD, at the blast of breath from Your nostrils.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  He sent{H7971} from on high,{H4791} he took{H3947} me; He drew{H4871} me out of many{H7227} waters.{H4325}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  He sent{H7971}{(H8799)} from above{H4791}, he took{H3947}{(H8799)} me, he drew{H4871}{(H8686)} me out of many{H7227} waters{H4325}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  He sent downe fro the heyth to fetch me, & toke me out of greate waters.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  He hath sent downe from aboue and taken mee: hee hath drawen mee out of many waters.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  He hath sent downe from aboue to fetch me: he hath taken me out of many waters.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He sent from on high. He took me. He drew me out of many waters.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  He sendeth from above -- He taketh me, He draweth me out of many waters.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  He sent from on high, he took me; He drew me out of many waters.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  He sent from on high, he took me; He drew me out of many waters.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  He sent from on high, he took me, pulling me out of great waters.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He sent from on high. He took me. He drew me out of many waters.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He reached down from above and took hold of me; he pulled me from the surging water.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 144:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.7", "source": "שְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶ֗יךָ מִמָּ֫ר֥וֹם פְּצֵ֣נִי וְ֭הַצִּילֵנִי מִמַּ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים מִ֝יַּ֗ד בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָֽר׃", "text": "*Šĕlaḥ* your *yādeykā* from *mimmārôm*, *pĕṣēnî* and *wĕhaṣṣîlēnî* from *mimmayim rabbîm*, from *miyyad bĕnê nēkār*.", "grammar": { "*šĕlaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - send/stretch out", "*yādeykā*": "noun feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hands", "*mimmārôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - from on high", "*pĕṣēnî*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - rescue me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and deliver me", "*mimmayim*": "preposition + noun masculine plural - from waters", "*rabbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - many/great", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*nēkār*": "noun masculine singular - foreignness/foreign" }, "variants": { "*šĕlaḥ*": "send/stretch out/extend", "*mimmārôm*": "from on high/from the height/from above", "*pĕṣēnî*": "rescue me/deliver me/free me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "and deliver me/and save me/and rescue me", "*mimmayim rabbîm*": "from many waters/from great waters (metaphor for danger)", "*bĕnê nēkār*": "sons of foreignness/foreigners/strangers" } }
• Jonah 2:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Jonah.2.5", "source": "וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֚ךְ אוֹסִ֣יף לְהַבִּ֔יט אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃", "text": "*wə-* *ʾănî* *ʾāmartî* *nigraštî* *minneged* *ʿênêkā* *ʾak* *ʾôsîp* *lĕhabbîṭ* *ʾel*-*hêkal* *qodšekā*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*nigraštî*": "niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I was driven away/cast out", "*minneged*": "preposition + preposition - from before/from presence of", "*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ʾak*": "restrictive adverb - yet/nevertheless/surely", "*ʾôsîp*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will continue/again", "*lĕhabbîṭ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to look", "*ʾel*": "preposition - toward/to", "*hêkal*": "masculine singular construct noun - temple/palace of", "*qodšekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your holiness/holy" }, "variants": { "*nigraštî*": "I was driven away/cast out/expelled/banished", "*minneged*": "from before/presence/sight of", "*ʾak*": "yet/nevertheless/surely/however", "*ʾôsîp*": "I will continue/again/add", "*lĕhabbîṭ*": "to look/gaze/behold", "*hêkal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*qodšekā*": "your holiness/holy (place)" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jonah.2.6", "source": "אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֙יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*ʾăpāpûnî* *mayim* *ʿad*-*nepeš* *tĕhôm* *yĕsōbĕbēnî* *sûp* *ḥābûš* *lĕrōʾšî*", "grammar": { "*ʾăpāpûnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they engulfed me", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ʿad*": "preposition - up to/as far as", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/life/breath", "*tĕhôm*": "feminine singular noun - deep/abyss/depth", "*yĕsōbĕbēnî*": "poel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - surrounded me", "*sûp*": "masculine singular noun - seaweed/reed", "*ḥābûš*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - bound/wrapped", "*lĕrōʾšî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - to my head" }, "variants": { "*ʾăpāpûnî*": "they engulfed me/surrounded me/encompassed me", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/breath/throat", "*tĕhôm*": "deep/abyss/depth/primeval ocean", "*yĕsōbĕbēnî*": "surrounded me/encompassed me/encircled me", "*sûp*": "seaweed/reed/sea plant", "*ḥābûš*": "bound/wrapped/tied" } }
• Exod 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.10", "source": "וַיִגְדַּ֣ל הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַתְּבִאֵ֙הוּ֙ לְבַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וֽ͏ַיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yigdal hayyeled wa-təbiʾēhû ləbat-parʿōh wa-yəhî-lāh ləbēn wa-tiqrāʾ šəmô mōšeh wa-tōʾmer kî min-hammayim məšîtihû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yigdal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and grew", "*hayyeled*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the child", "*wa-təbiʾēhû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and brought him", "*ləbat-parʿōh*": "preposition + construct state + proper noun - to the daughter of Pharaoh", "*wa-yəhî-lāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he became to her", "*ləbēn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a son", "*wa-tiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and called", "*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and said", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*min-hammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - from the water", "*məšîtihû*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I drew him out" }, "variants": { "*yigdal*": "grew/became big", "*təbiʾēhû*": "brought him/carried him", "*yəhî*": "became/was", "*bēn*": "son", "*tiqrāʾ*": "called/named", "*šēm*": "name", "*mōšeh*": "drawn out one [wordplay with Egyptian 'child/son']", "*məšîtihû*": "I drew him out/I pulled him out" } }
• 2 Sam 22:17 : 17 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.17", "source": "יִשְׁלַ֥ח מִמָּר֖וֹם יִקָּחֵ֑נִי יַֽמְשֵׁ֖נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃", "text": "*yišlaḥ* from *mārôm* *yiqqāḥēnî*; *yamšēnî* from *mayim* *rabbîm*.", "grammar": { "*yišlaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - he sends", "*mārôm*": "masculine noun - height", "*yiqqāḥēnî*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with 1cs suffix - he takes me", "*yamšēnî*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with 1cs suffix - he draws me", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many" }, "variants": { "*yišlaḥ*": "sends, reaches out, extends", "*mārôm*": "height, high place, heaven", "*yiqqāḥēnî*": "takes me, receives me, fetches me", "*yamšēnî*": "draws me, pulls me out" } }
• Ps 18:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.43", "source": "וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־ר֑וּחַ כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת אֲרִיקֵֽם׃", "text": "And *eshchaqem* like *afar* upon-*peney*-*ruach* like *tit* *chutsot* *ariqem*.", "grammar": { "*eshchaqem*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I pulverized them", "*afar*": "masculine singular noun - dust", "*peney*": "construct state, masculine plural - face of", "*ruach*": "feminine singular noun - wind", "*tit*": "masculine singular noun - mud/clay", "*chutsot*": "masculine plural noun - streets", "*ariqem*": "hifil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will empty them" }, "variants": { "*eshchaqem*": "I pulverized them/I crushed them/I ground them", "*afar*": "dust/dirt/powder", "*peney*": "face of/surface of", "*ruach*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*tit*": "mud/clay/mire", "*chutsot*": "streets/outside places/public areas", "*ariqem*": "I will empty them/I will pour them out/I will tread them down" } }
• Ps 32:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.32.6", "source": "עַל־זֹ֡את יִתְפַּלֵּ֬ל כָּל־חָסִ֨יד ׀ אֵלֶיךָ֮ לְעֵ֢ת מְ֫צֹ֥א רַ֗ק לְ֭שֵׁטֶף מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים אֵ֝לָ֗יו לֹ֣א יַגִּֽיעוּ׃", "text": "*ʿal*-*zōʾt* *yitpallēl* *kol*-*ḥāsîḏ* *ʾēleḵā* *ləʿēt* *məṣōʾ* *raq* *ləšēṭeḕ* *mayim* *rabbîm* *ʾēlāyw* *lōʾ* *yaggîʿû*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*-*zōʾt*": "preposition + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - concerning this", "*yitpallēl*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will pray", "*kol*-*ḥāsîḏ*": "noun construct + masculine singular noun - every godly one", "*ʾēleḵā*": "preposition *ʾel* with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ləʿēt*": "preposition *lə-* + feminine singular construct noun - at time of", "*məṣōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - finding", "*raq*": "adverb - surely/only", "*ləšēṭeḕ*": "preposition *lə-* + masculine singular construct noun - at/for flood of", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many/great", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition *ʾel* with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaggîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will reach" }, "variants": { "*ʿal*-*zōʾt*": "because of this/concerning this/therefore", "*yitpallēl*": "will pray/will intercede", "*ḥāsîḏ*": "godly one/faithful one/pious one/saint", "*ləʿēt* *məṣōʾ*": "at time of finding/at the time you may be found/at a time of accessibility", "*šēṭeḕ* *mayim* *rabbîm*": "flood of many waters/overflow of great waters" } }
• Ps 40:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.40.1", "source": "לַ֝מְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָוִ֥ד מִזְמֽוֹר", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ*, to *Dāwid* *mizmōr*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "singular, masculine noun with preposition lamed - 'to/for the director/choirmaster'", "*Dāwid*": "proper name with preposition lamed - 'to/for/of David'", "*mizmōr*": "singular, masculine noun - 'psalm/song'" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/choirmaster/conductor/chief musician", "*mizmōr*": "psalm/melody/song with instrumental accompaniment" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.40.2", "source": "קַוֺּ֣ה קִוִּ֣יתִי יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥ט אֵ֝לַ֗י וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שַׁוְעָתִֽי", "text": "*Qawwōh qiwwîtî* *YHWH*, *wayyēṭ* unto me *wayyišmaʿ* my *šawʿātî*", "grammar": { "*Qawwōh qiwwîtî*": "infinitive absolute + Piel perfect, 1st person singular - 'waiting I waited/earnestly waited'", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name, tetragrammaton", "*wayyēṭ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he inclined/turned'", "*wayyišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he heard'", "*šawʿātî*": "feminine noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my cry'" }, "variants": { "*Qawwōh qiwwîtî*": "I waited patiently/I waited intensely/I eagerly waited", "*wayyēṭ*": "he inclined/he bent down/he turned", "*šawʿātî*": "my cry/my cry for help/my plea" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.40.3", "source": "וַיַּעֲלֵ֤נִי ׀ מִבּ֥וֹר שָׁאוֹן֮ מִטִּ֢יט הַיָּ֫וֵ֥ן וַיָּ֖קֶם עַל־סֶ֥לַע רַגְלַ֗י כּוֹנֵ֥ן אֲשֻׁרָֽי", "text": "*Wayyaʿălēnî* from *bôr šāʾôn*, from *ṭîṭ hayyāwēn*, *wayyāqem* upon *selaʿ* my *raḡlay*, *kônēn* my *ʾăšurāy*", "grammar": { "*Wayyaʿălēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular object suffix - 'and he brought me up'", "*bôr šāʾôn*": "masculine noun + masculine noun in construct - 'pit of noise/destruction'", "*ṭîṭ hayyāwēn*": "masculine noun + definite article + masculine noun - 'miry clay/mud of mire'", "*wayyāqem*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he set/established'", "*selaʿ*": "masculine noun - 'rock'", "*raḡlay*": "dual noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my feet'", "*kônēn*": "Polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he established/made firm'", "*ʾăšurāy*": "plural noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my steps'" }, "variants": { "*bôr šāʾôn*": "pit of destruction/pit of noise/pit of tumult/horrible pit", "*ṭîṭ hayyāwēn*": "miry clay/clay of mire/slimy mud/muddy clay", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*kônēn*": "established/made firm/secured/stabilized", "*ʾăšurāy*": "my steps/my goings/my path" } }
• Ps 57:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.3", "source": "אֶ֭קְרָא לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן לָ֝אֵ֗ל גֹּמֵ֥ר עָלָֽי", "text": "*ʾeqrāʾ* to-*ʾělōhîm* *ʿelyôn* to-*ʾēl* *gōmēr* *ʿālāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1cs - I will call", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition lamed - to God", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition lamed - to God", "*gōmēr*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - completing/fulfilling/performing", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - upon me/concerning me" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "call/cry out/summon", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/highest", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*gāmar*": "complete/fulfill/perform/accomplish", "*ʿālāy*": "for me/on my behalf/concerning me" } }
• Rev 17:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.15", "source": "Καὶ λέγει μοι, Τὰ ὕδατα ἃ εἶδες, οὗ ἡ πόρνη κάθηται, λαοὶ, καὶ ὄχλοι εἰσὶν, καὶ ἔθνη, καὶ γλῶσσαι.", "text": "And *legei* to me, The *hydata* which *eides*, where the *pornē* *kathētai*, *laoi*, and *ochloi* *eisin*, and *ethnē*, and *glōssai*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says", "*hydata*": "nominative plural neuter - waters", "*eides*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you saw", "*pornē*": "nominative singular feminine - prostitute", "*kathētai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - sits", "*laoi*": "nominative plural masculine - peoples", "*ochloi*": "nominative plural masculine - crowds/multitudes", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are", "*ethnē*": "nominative plural neuter - nations", "*glōssai*": "nominative plural feminine - tongues/languages" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/tells/speaks", "*hydata*": "waters/bodies of water", "*pornē*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*kathētai*": "sits/dwells/is seated", "*laoi*": "peoples/populations/ethnic groups", "*ochloi*": "crowds/multitudes/throngs", "*ethnē*": "nations/gentiles/foreign peoples", "*glōssai*": "tongues/languages/speech" } }