10{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.10",
"source": "אַף־זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתַּכְלִימֵ֑נוּ וְלֹא־תֵ֝צֵ֗א בְּצִבְאוֹתֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "Yet-*zānaḥtā* *wattaklîmēnû* and not-*tēṣēʾ* in *bĕṣibʾôtênû*",
"grammar": {
"*zānaḥtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have rejected",
"*wattaklîmēnû*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix, waw consecutive - and you have humiliated us",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go out",
"*bĕṣibʾôtênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - with our armies"
},
"variants": {
"*zānaḥtā*": "rejected/cast off/spurned",
"*wattaklîmēnû*": "humiliated/put to shame/disgraced",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/go forth/march forth"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.11",
"source": "תְּשִׁיבֵ֣נוּ אָ֭חוֹר מִנִּי־צָ֑ר וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֵ֗ינוּ שָׁ֣סוּ לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*tĕšîbēnû* *ʾāḥôr* from *minnî*-*ṣār* and *ûmĕśanĕʾênû* *šāsû* *lāmô*",
"grammar": {
"*tĕšîbēnû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you make us turn back",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward",
"*minnî*": "preposition - from",
"*ṣār*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - adversary",
"*ûmĕśanĕʾênû*": "conjunction + participle, piel, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - and those who hate us",
"*šāsû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they plunder",
"*lāmô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix (poetic form) - for themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*tĕšîbēnû*": "make us turn back/cause us to retreat/turn us away",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe",
"*ûmĕśanĕʾênû*": "those who hate us/our enemies",
"*šāsû*": "plunder/spoil/take as plunder"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.12",
"source": "תִּ֭תְּנֵנוּ כְּצֹ֣אן מַאֲכָ֑ל וּ֝בַגּוֹיִ֗ם זֵרִיתָֽנוּ׃",
"text": "*tittĕnēnû* like *kĕṣōʾn* *maʾăkāl* and in *ûbaggôyim* *zērîtānû*",
"grammar": {
"*tittĕnēnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you give us",
"*kĕṣōʾn*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like sheep of",
"*maʾăkāl*": "noun, masculine singular - food",
"*ûbaggôyim*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - and among the nations",
"*zērîtānû*": "verb, piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you have scattered us"
},
"variants": {
"*tittĕnēnû*": "give/hand over/deliver",
"*kĕṣōʾn*": "like sheep/like a flock",
"*maʾăkāl*": "food/consumption/something to be eaten",
"*zērîtānû*": "scattered/dispersed/winnowed"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.13",
"source": "תִּמְכֹּֽר־עַמְּךָ֥ בְלֹא־ה֑וֹן וְלֹ֥א־רִ֝בִּ֗יתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*timkōr*-*ʿammĕkā* in *bĕlōʾ*-*hôn* and not-*ribbîtā* in *bimḥîrêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*timkōr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you sell",
"*ʿammĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*bĕlōʾ*": "preposition + adverb - for not",
"*hôn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth",
"*ribbîtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you increased",
"*bimḥîrêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their prices"
},
"variants": {
"*timkōr*": "sell/give in exchange",
"*hôn*": "wealth/riches/price",
"*ribbîtā*": "increased/gained/profited",
"*bimḥîrêhem*": "in their prices/in their value/by their worth"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.14",
"source": "תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ חֶ֭רְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ לַ֥עַג וָ֝קֶ֗לֶס לִסְבִיבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "*tĕśîmēnû* *ḥerpāh* to *lišĕkēnênû* *laʿag* and *wāqeles* to *lisbîbôtênû*",
"grammar": {
"*tĕśîmēnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you make us",
"*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach",
"*lišĕkēnênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - to our neighbors",
"*laʿag*": "noun, masculine singular - mockery",
"*wāqeles*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and derision",
"*lisbîbôtênû*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 1st person plural suffix - to those around us"
},
"variants": {
"*tĕśîmēnû*": "make/set/place",
"*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn",
"*laʿag*": "mockery/derision/ridicule",
"*qeles*": "derision/scorn/ridicule"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.15",
"source": "תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ מָ֭שָׁל בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם מְנֽוֹד־רֹ֝֗אשׁ בַּל־אֻמִּֽים׃",
"text": "*tĕśîmēnû* *māšāl* in *baggôyim* *mĕnôd*-*rōʾš* in *bal*-*ʾummîm*",
"grammar": {
"*tĕśîmēnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you make us",
"*māšāl*": "noun, masculine singular - byword",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*mĕnôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaking of",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head",
"*bal*": "preposition - among",
"*ʾummîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples"
},
"variants": {
"*tĕśîmēnû*": "make/set/place",
"*māšāl*": "byword/proverb/object lesson",
"*mĕnôd*": "shaking/wagging",
"*ʾummîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.16",
"source": "כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם כְּלִמָּתִ֣י נֶגְדִּ֑י וּבֹ֖שֶׁת פָּנַ֣י כִּסָּֽתְנִי׃",
"text": "All-*hayyôm* *kĕlimmātî* *negdî* and *ûbōšet* *pānay* *kissātnî*",
"grammar": {
"*hayyôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the day",
"*kĕlimmātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my disgrace",
"*negdî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - before me",
"*ûbōšet*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and shame of",
"*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my face",
"*kissātnî*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it has covered me"
},
"variants": {
"*kĕlimmātî*": "my disgrace/my humiliation/my dishonor",
"*kissātnî*": "covered/overwhelmed/concealed"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.17",
"source": "מִ֭קּוֹל מְחָרֵ֣ף וּמְגַדֵּ֑ף מִפְּנֵ֥י א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃",
"text": "From *miqqôl* *mĕḥārēp* and *ûmĕgaddēp* from face of *mippĕnê* *ʾôyēb* and *ûmitnaqēm*",
"grammar": {
"*miqqôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from voice of",
"*mĕḥārēp*": "participle, piel, masculine singular - one who reproaches",
"*ûmĕgaddēp*": "conjunction + participle, piel, masculine singular - and one who reviles",
"*mippĕnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from face of",
"*ʾôyēb*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - enemy",
"*ûmitnaqēm*": "conjunction + participle, hithpael, masculine singular - and one who avenges himself"
},
"variants": {
"*mĕḥārēp*": "one who reproaches/insults/taunts",
"*ûmĕgaddēp*": "one who reviles/blasphemes/slanders",
"*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary",
"*ûmitnaqēm*": "one who avenges himself/takes revenge/retaliates"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.18",
"source": "כָּל־זֹ֣את בָּ֭אַתְנוּ וְלֹ֣א שְׁכַחֲנ֑וּךָ וְלֹֽא־שִׁ֝קַּ֗רְנוּ בִּבְרִיתֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "All-*zōʾt* *bāʾatnû* and not *šĕkaḥănûkā* and not-*šiqqarnû* in *bibĕrîtekā*",
"grammar": {
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*bāʾatnû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person plural suffix - it has come upon us",
"*šĕkaḥănûkā*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - we have forgotten you",
"*šiqqarnû*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person plural - we have dealt falsely",
"*bibĕrîtekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your covenant"
},
"variants": {
"*bāʾatnû*": "has come upon us/befallen us",
"*šĕkaḥănûkā*": "forgotten/ignored/neglected",
"*šiqqarnû*": "dealt falsely/been untrue/been faithless"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.19",
"source": "לֹא־נָס֣וֹג אָח֣וֹר לִבֵּ֑נוּ וַתֵּ֥ט אֲ֝שֻׁרֵ֗ינוּ מִנִּ֥י אָרְחֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "Not-*nāsôg* *ʾāḥôr* *libbēnû* *wattēṭ* *ʾăšurênû* from *minnî* *ʾorḥekā*",
"grammar": {
"*nāsôg*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it turned back",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward",
"*libbēnû*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - our heart",
"*wattēṭ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular, waw consecutive - and it turned aside",
"*ʾăšurênû*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our steps",
"*minnî*": "preposition - from",
"*ʾorḥekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your path"
},
"variants": {
"*nāsôg*": "turned back/retreated/withdrawn",
"*wattēṭ*": "turned aside/deviated/strayed",
"*ʾăšurênû*": "our steps/our goings/our footsteps",
"*ʾorḥekā*": "your path/your way/your trail"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Psalms.44.20",
"source": "כִּ֣י דִ֭כִּיתָנוּ בִּמְק֣וֹם תַּנִּ֑ים וַתְּכַ֖ס עָלֵ֣ינוּ בְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃",
"text": "For *dikkîtānû* in *bimqôm* *tannîm* and *wattĕkas* *ʿālênû* in *bĕṣalmāwet*",
"grammar": {
"*dikkîtānû*": "verb, piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you have crushed us",
"*bimqôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in place of",
"*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals",
"*wattĕkas*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, waw consecutive - and you covered",
"*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - over us",
"*bĕṣalmāwet*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with deep darkness"
},
"variants": {
"*dikkîtānû*": "crushed/broken/shattered",
"*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters",
"*wattĕkas*": "covered/concealed/overwhelmed",
"*bĕṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/thick darkness"
}
}