Ps 83:3-9 : 3 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.3",
"source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה א֭וֹיְבֶיךָ יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֶ֗יךָ נָ֣שְׂאוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃",
"text": "*kî-hinnēh* *ʾôyḇêḵā* *yehĕmāyûn* *ûmeśanʾêḵā* *nāśʾû* *rōʾš*",
"grammar": {
"*kî-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - for behold/indeed",
"*ʾôyḇêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2ms suffix - your enemies",
"*yehĕmāyûn*": "3mp Qal imperfect with paragogic nun - they make noise/are in an uproar",
"*ûmeśanʾêḵā*": "conjunction + masculine plural Piel participle + 2ms suffix - and those hating you",
"*nāśʾû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have lifted up",
"*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - head"
},
"variants": {
"*hāmāh*": "make noise/be in uproar/growl/roar",
"*śānēʾ*": "hate/despise",
"*nāśāʾ* *rōʾš*": "lift up head (idiom for rebellion/pride/exaltation)"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.4",
"source": "עַֽל־עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "*ʿal-ʿammeḵā* *yaʿărîmû* *sôd* *weyityāʿăṣû* *ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-ʿammeḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2ms suffix - against your people",
"*yaʿărîmû*": "3mp Hiphil imperfect - they make crafty/cunning",
"*sôd*": "masculine singular noun - secret council/plan",
"*weyityāʿăṣû*": "conjunction + 3mp Hithpael imperfect - and they consult together",
"*ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural passive participle + 2ms suffix - against your hidden/treasured ones"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāram*": "be crafty/shrewd/cunning",
"*sôd*": "secret council/assembly/plan",
"*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan together",
"*ṣāp̄an*": "hide/treasure/store up"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.5",
"source": "אָמְר֗וּ לְ֭כוּ וְנַכְחִידֵ֣ם מִגּ֑וֹי וְלֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֖ר שֵֽׁם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עֽוֹד׃",
"text": "*ʾāmerû* *leḵû* *wenaḵḥîdēm* *miggôy* *welōʾ-yizzāḵēr* *šēm-yiśrāʾēl* *ʿôd*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmerû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have said",
"*leḵû*": "2mp Qal imperative - come/go",
"*wenaḵḥîdēm*": "conjunction + 1cp Hiphil imperfect + 3mp suffix - and let us cut them off",
"*miggôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from being a nation",
"*welōʾ-yizzāḵēr*": "conjunction + negative particle + 3ms Niphal imperfect - and will not be remembered",
"*šēm-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - name of Israel",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore"
},
"variants": {
"*kāḥad*": "hide/conceal/cut off/destroy",
"*gôy*": "nation/people",
"*zāḵar*": "remember/mention/recall",
"*šēm*": "name/reputation"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.6",
"source": "כִּ֤י נוֹעֲצ֣וּ לֵ֣ב יַחְדָּ֑ו עָ֝לֶ֗יךָ בְּרִ֣ית יִכְרֹֽתוּ׃",
"text": "*kî* *nôʿăṣû* *lēḇ* *yaḥdāw* *ʿālêḵā* *berît* *yiḵrōtû*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*nôʿăṣû*": "3cp Niphal perfect - they have consulted together",
"*lēḇ*": "masculine singular noun - heart/mind",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/unitedly",
"*ʿālêḵā*": "preposition + 2ms suffix - against you",
"*berît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant",
"*yiḵrōtû*": "3mp Qal imperfect - they cut/make"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan",
"*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self",
"*kārat* *berît*": "cut a covenant (idiom for making an agreement/alliance)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.7",
"source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃",
"text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of",
"*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom",
"*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites",
"*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation",
"*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)",
"*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)",
"*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)",
"*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.8",
"source": "גְּבָ֣ל וְ֭עַמּוֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק פְּ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת עִם־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי צֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*geḇāl* *weʿammôn* *waʿămālēq* *pelešet* *ʿim-yōšeḇê* *ṣôr*",
"grammar": {
"*geḇāl*": "proper noun - Gebal",
"*weʿammôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ammon",
"*waʿămālēq*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Amalek",
"*pelešet*": "proper noun - Philistia",
"*ʿim-yōšeḇê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct Qal participle - with inhabitants of",
"*ṣôr*": "proper noun - Tyre"
},
"variants": {
"*geḇāl*": "Gebal (region south of Dead Sea or in Lebanon)",
"*ʿammôn*": "Ammon (nation descended from Lot)",
"*ʿămālēq*": "Amalek (nomadic tribe)",
"*pelešet*": "Philistia (coastal region)",
"*yāšaḇ*": "dwell/sit/remain",
"*ṣôr*": "Tyre (Phoenician city)"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.9",
"source": "גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃",
"text": "*gam-ʾaššûr* *nilwâ* *ʿimmām* *hāyû* *zerôaʿ* *liḇnê-lôṭ* *selâ*",
"grammar": {
"*gam-ʾaššûr*": "adverb + proper noun - also Assyria",
"*nilwâ*": "3ms Niphal perfect - has joined",
"*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them",
"*hāyû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have become",
"*zerôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm/strength/support",
"*liḇnê-lôṭ*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + proper noun - for sons of Lot",
"*selâ*": "musical or liturgical term - selah"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria (empire to the northeast)",
"*lāwâ*": "join/attach/accompany",
"*zerôaʿ*": "arm/strength/support/help",
"*benê-lôṭ*": "sons of Lot (referring to Moab and Ammon)",
"*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/emphasis"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.10",
"source": "עֲשֵֽׂה־לָהֶ֥ם כְּמִדְיָ֑ן כְּֽסִֽיסְרָ֥א כְ֝יָבִ֗ין בְּנַ֣חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃",
"text": "*ʿăśêh-lāhem* *kemidyān* *kesîserāʾ* *keyāḇîn* *benaḥal* *qîšôn*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿăśêh-lāhem*": "2ms Qal imperative + preposition + 3mp suffix - do to them",
"*kemidyān*": "preposition + proper noun - as to Midian",
"*kesîserāʾ*": "preposition + proper noun - as to Sisera",
"*keyāḇîn*": "preposition + proper noun - as to Jabin",
"*benaḥal*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in stream of",
"*qîšôn*": "proper noun - Kishon"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāśâ*": "do/make/act",
"*midyān*": "Midian (defeated by Gideon, Judges 7)",
"*sîserāʾ*": "Sisera (Canaanite commander defeated by Barak, Judges 4)",
"*yāḇîn*": "Jabin (Canaanite king, Judges 4)",
"*naḥal*": "stream/wadi/valley",
"*qîšôn*": "Kishon (river where Sisera was defeated)"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.11",
"source": "נִשְׁמְד֥וּ בְֽעֵין־דֹּ֑אר הָ֥יוּ דֹ֝֗מֶן לָאֲדָמָֽה׃",
"text": "*nišmedû* *beʿên-dōʾr* *hāyû* *dōmen* *lāʾădāmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*nišmedû*": "3cp Niphal perfect - they were destroyed",
"*beʿên-dōʾr*": "preposition + noun construct + proper noun - at En-dor",
"*hāyû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they became",
"*dōmen*": "masculine singular noun - dung/manure/refuse",
"*lāʾădāmâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for the ground"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmad*": "destroy/exterminate/annihilate",
"*ʿên-dōʾr*": "En-dor (place near Mount Tabor)",
"*dōmen*": "dung/manure/refuse",
"*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/soil"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Psalms.83.12",
"source": "שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ נְ֭דִיבֵמוֹ כְּעֹרֵ֣ב וְכִזְאֵ֑ב וּֽכְזֶ֥בַח וּ֝כְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע כָּל־נְסִיכֵֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*šîtēmô* *neḏîḇēmô* *keʿōrēḇ* *weḵizʾēḇ* *ûḵezeḇaḥ* *ûḵeṣalmunnāʿ* *kol-nesîḵēmô*",
"grammar": {
"*šîtēmô*": "2ms Qal imperative + 3mp suffix (archaic) - make them",
"*neḏîḇēmô*": "masculine plural noun + 3mp suffix (archaic) - their nobles",
"*keʿōrēḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Oreb",
"*weḵizʾēḇ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and like Zeeb",
"*ûḵezeḇaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and like Zebah",
"*ûḵeṣalmunnāʿ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and like Zalmunna",
"*kol-nesîḵēmô*": "construct + masculine plural noun + 3mp suffix (archaic) - all their princes"
},
"variants": {
"*šît*": "put/place/make",
"*nāḏîḇ*": "noble/prince/willing one",
"*ʿōrēḇ*": "Oreb (Midianite prince, Judges 7:25)",
"*zʾēḇ*": "Zeeb (Midianite prince, Judges 7:25)",
"*zeḇaḥ*": "Zebah (Midianite king, Judges 8)",
"*ṣalmunnāʿ*": "Zalmunna (Midianite king, Judges 8)",
"*nāsîḵ*": "prince/ruler/drink offering"
}
}