Jer 48:1-49:1 : 1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.1",
"source": "לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "To *Môʾāḇ* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *hôy* to *Nᵉḇô* because *šuddāḏāh* [she is devastated], *hōḇîšāh* [she is put to shame], *nilkᵉḏāh* *Qiryāṯāyim*; *hōḇîšāh* *hammisĝāḇ* and *wāḥāttāh* [it is dismayed].",
"grammar": {
"*lᵉ-Môʾāḇ*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - 'to/concerning Moab'",
"*kōh*": "adverb - 'thus, so'",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'said/speaks'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'of hosts/armies'",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'God of'",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"*hôy*": "interjection - 'woe'",
"*ʾel-Nᵉḇô*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to/against Nebo'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'because, for'",
"*šuddāḏāh*": "Pual perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is devastated/destroyed'",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'",
"*nilkᵉḏāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is captured/seized'",
"*Qiryāṯāyim*": "proper noun - 'Kiriathaim'",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'",
"*hammisĝāḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the stronghold/high refuge'",
"*wāḥāttāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she is dismayed/shattered'"
},
"variants": {
"*Môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation east of Dead Sea)",
"*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "LORD of hosts/armies/celestial forces",
"*hôy*": "woe/alas (cry of lament)",
"*šuddāḏāh*": "devastated/destroyed/plundered",
"*hōḇîšāh*": "put to shame/disgraced/humiliated",
"*misĝāḇ*": "stronghold/high refuge/fortress",
"*ḥāttāh*": "dismayed/shattered/broken"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.2",
"source": "אֵ֣ין עוֹד֮ תְּהִלַּ֣ת מוֹאָב֒ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן חָשְׁב֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ רָעָ֔ה לְכ֖וּ וְנַכְרִיתֶ֣נָּה מִגּ֑וֹי גַּם־מַדְמֵ֣ן תִּדֹּ֔מִּי אַחֲרַ֖יִךְ תֵּ֥לֶךְ חָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*ʾên* again *tᵉhillaṯ* *Môʾāḇ*; in *Ḥešbôn* they *ḥāšᵉḇû* against her *rāʿāh* [evil]: 'Come and *wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh* from being a *gôy*.' Also *Maḏmēn*, *tiḏōmmî* [you will be silenced]; after you *tēleḵ* *ḥāreḇ* [a sword will go].",
"grammar": {
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there is not/no more'",
"*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - 'still/again/anymore'",
"*tᵉhillaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'praise of/glory of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*bᵉ-Ḥešbôn*": "preposition + proper noun - 'in Heshbon'",
"*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they planned/devised'",
"*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'against her'",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'evil/harm/calamity'",
"*lᵉḵû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'go/come'",
"*wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and let us cut her off'",
"*mi-gôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from [being] a nation'",
"*gam*": "adverb - 'also/even'",
"*Maḏmēn*": "proper noun - 'Madmen (city in Moab)'",
"*tiḏōmmî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you will be silent/silenced/destroyed'",
"*ʾaḥărayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'after you'",
"*tēleḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will go/follow'",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'sword'"
},
"variants": {
"*tᵉhillaṯ*": "praise/glory/renown",
"*Ḥešbôn*": "Heshbon (city in Moab); wordplay with *ḥāšᵉḇû* (planned)",
"*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "planned/devised/thought",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/calamity",
"*naḵrîṯennāh*": "cut her off/destroy her/silence her",
"*gôy*": "nation/people",
"*Maḏmēn*": "Madmen (city); wordplay with *tiḏōmmî* (be silent)",
"*tiḏōmmî*": "be silent/perish/be destroyed",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.3",
"source": "ק֥וֹל צְעָקָ֖ה מֵחֹֽרוֹנָ֑יִם שֹׁ֖ד וָשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*qôl* *ṣᵉʿāqāh* from *Ḥōrônāyim*: *šōḏ* and *šeḇer* *gāḏôl* [great devastation and destruction].",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound of/voice of'",
"*ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry'",
"*mē-Ḥōrônāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - 'from Horonaim'",
"*šōḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'devastation/destruction'",
"*wā-šeḇer*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - 'and breaking/destruction'",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'great/large'"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "sound of crying/voice of distress/outcry",
"*šōḏ*": "devastation/destruction/violence",
"*šeḇer*": "breaking/fracture/destruction",
"*gāḏôl*": "great/mighty/significant"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.4",
"source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה מוֹאָ֑ב הִשְׁמִ֥יעוּ זְּעָקָ֖ה *צעוריה **צְעִירֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*nišbᵉrāh* *Môʾāḇ*; they *hišmîʿû* *zᵉʿāqāh* [have made heard a cry], her *ṣᵉʿîreyhā* [little ones].",
"grammar": {
"*nišbᵉrāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is broken/shattered'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*hišmîʿû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd plural - 'they made heard/caused to be heard'",
"*zᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry/distress call'",
"*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her little ones/young ones'"
},
"variants": {
"*nišbᵉrāh*": "broken/shattered/destroyed",
"*hišmîʿû*": "made heard/announced/proclaimed",
"*zᵉʿāqāh*": "outcry/distress call/wailing",
"*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "her little ones/her young ones/her children"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.5",
"source": "כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃",
"text": "For [at] *maʿălēh* *hallûḥîṯ* with *beḵî* he *yaʿăleh-beḵî* [ascends with weeping]; for in *môraḏ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *ṣārê* *ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer* *šāmēʿû* [the adversaries have heard a cry of destruction].",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*maʿălēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'ascent of'",
"*hallûḥîṯ*": "article + proper noun - 'the Luhith'",
"*bi-ḇḵî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with weeping'",
"*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he goes up/ascends'",
"*beḵî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'weeping'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*bᵉ-môraḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in descent of'",
"*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - 'Horonaim'",
"*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'adversaries of/distress of'",
"*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - 'cry of destruction'",
"*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they heard'"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿălēh*": "ascent/slope/going up",
"*bi-ḇḵî*": "with weeping/in tears",
"*yaʿăleh-beḵî*": "ascends with weeping/goes up in tears",
"*môraḏ*": "descent/slope/going down",
"*ṣārê*": "adversaries/enemies/distresses",
"*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/outcry of breaking"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.6",
"source": "נֻ֖סוּ מַלְּט֣וּ נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְתִֽהְיֶ֔ינָה כַּעֲרוֹעֵ֖ר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "*nusû* *malleṭû* *nap̄šᵉḵem* and *wᵉṯihyeynāh* like *kaʿărôʿēr* in the *middbār* [wilderness].",
"grammar": {
"*nusû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'flee'",
"*malleṭû*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - 'save/rescue'",
"*nap̄šᵉḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your lives/souls'",
"*wᵉṯihyeynāh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd/3rd feminine plural - 'and you/they shall be'",
"*kaʿărôʿēr*": "preposition + proper noun - 'like Aroer/like a juniper'",
"*ba-middbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the wilderness'"
},
"variants": {
"*nusû*": "flee/escape",
"*malleṭû*": "save/deliver/rescue",
"*nap̄šᵉḵem*": "your lives/your souls/yourselves",
"*ʿărôʿēr*": "Aroer (city name)/juniper tree/stripped one",
"*middbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.7",
"source": "כִּ֠י יַ֣עַן בִּטְחֵ֤ךְ בְּמַעֲשַׂ֙יִךְ֙ וּבְא֣וֹצְרוֹתַ֔יִךְ גַּם־אַ֖תְּ תִּלָּכֵ֑דִי וְיָצָ֤א *כמיש **כְמוֹשׁ֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֔ה כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו *יחד **יַחְדָּֽיו׃",
"text": "For *yaʿan* *biṭḥēḵ* in *bᵉmaʿăśayiḵ* and in *ûḇᵉʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*, even you *tillāḵēḏî* [will be captured]; and *wᵉyāṣāʾ* *Kᵉmôš* in *baggôlāh* [exile], his *kōhănāyw* and his *śārāyw* *yaḥdāw* [together].",
"grammar": {
"*kî yaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - 'because/since'",
"*biṭḥēḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your trusting'",
"*bᵉ-maʿăśayiḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'in your works/deeds'",
"*û-ḇᵉ-ʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'and in your treasures'",
"*gam*": "adverb - 'also/even'",
"*ʾatt*": "pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - 'you'",
"*tillāḵēḏî*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you will be captured/caught'",
"*wᵉ-yāṣāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he will go out'",
"*Kᵉmôš*": "proper noun - 'Chemosh (Moabite deity)'",
"*ba-ggôlāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'into the exile'",
"*kōhănāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his priests'",
"*wᵉ-śārāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his princes/officials'",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - 'together'"
},
"variants": {
"*biṭḥēḵ*": "your trust/your confidence",
"*maʿăśayiḵ*": "your works/your deeds/your achievements",
"*ʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*": "your treasures/your storehouses",
"*tillāḵēḏî*": "you will be captured/caught/seized",
"*Kᵉmôš*": "Chemosh (national deity of Moab)",
"*gôlāh*": "exile/captivity",
"*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his religious officials",
"*śārāyw*": "his princes/his officials/his rulers",
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/at the same time"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.8",
"source": "וְיָבֹ֨א שֹׁדֵ֜ד אֶל־כָּל־עִ֗יר וְעִיר֙ לֹ֣א תִמָּלֵ֔ט וְאָבַ֥ד הָעֵ֖מֶק וְנִשְׁמַ֣ד הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wᵉyāḇōʾ* *šōḏēḏ* to every *ʿîr*, and *wᵉʿîr* not *timmālēṭ* [will escape]; and *wᵉʾāḇaḏ* the *hāʿēmeq* and *wᵉnišmaḏ* the *hammîšōr*, which *ʾāmar* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wᵉ-yāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he will come'",
"*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'destroyer/spoiler'",
"*ʾel-kol-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - 'to every city'",
"*wᵉ-ʿîr*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - 'and [a] city'",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'",
"*timmālēṭ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will escape/be delivered'",
"*wᵉ-ʾāḇaḏ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will perish'",
"*hā-ʿēmeq*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the valley'",
"*wᵉ-nišmaḏ*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will be destroyed'",
"*ha-mmîšōr*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the plain/plateau'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - 'which/that'",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he said'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'"
},
"variants": {
"*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/spoiler/ravager",
"*timmālēṭ*": "escape/be delivered/survive",
"*ʾāḇaḏ*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost",
"*ʿēmeq*": "valley/lowland",
"*nišmaḏ*": "be destroyed/be annihilated",
"*mîšōr*": "plain/plateau/level country (refers to Moabite plateau)"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.9",
"source": "תְּנוּ־צִ֣יץ לְמוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י נָצֹ֖א תֵּצֵ֑א וְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּהֵֽן׃",
"text": "Give *ṣîṣ* to *Môʾāḇ* for *nāṣōʾ* *tēṣēʾ* [surely she will go out], and her *wᵉʿāreyhā* *lᵉšammāh* *ṯihyeynāh* [will become a desolation] from *mēʾên* *yôšēḇ* in them.",
"grammar": {
"*tᵉnû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'give'",
"*ṣîṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wing/flower/sign'",
"*lᵉ-Môʾāḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to Moab'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*nāṣōʾ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'surely going out'",
"*tēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will go out'",
"*wᵉ-ʿāreyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and her cities'",
"*lᵉ-šammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'to desolation'",
"*ṯihyeynāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - 'they will be/become'",
"*mē-ʾên*": "preposition + particle of negation - 'from [there] not being'",
"*yôšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'inhabitant/dweller'",
"*bāhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - 'in them'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣîṣ*": "flower/wing/sign (possibly meaning 'salt' or 'wings' in this context)",
"*nāṣōʾ tēṣēʾ*": "surely go out/definitely depart/completely go away",
"*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*mēʾên yôšēḇ*": "without inhabitant/with no one dwelling"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.10",
"source": "אָר֗וּר עֹשֶׂ֛ה מְלֶ֥אכֶת יְהוָ֖ה רְמִיָּ֑ה וְאָר֕וּר מֹנֵ֥עַ חַרְבּ֖וֹ מִדָּֽם׃",
"text": "*ʾārûr* *ʿōśeh* *mᵉleʾḵeṯ* *YHWH* *rᵉmiyyāh*, and *wᵉʾārûr* *mōnēaʿ* his *ḥarbô* from *middām* [blood].",
"grammar": {
"*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - 'cursed'",
"*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'doer of'",
"*mᵉleʾḵeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'work of'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*rᵉmiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'deceitfully/negligently'",
"*wᵉ-ʾārûr*": "conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular - 'and cursed'",
"*mōnēaʿ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'withholding/keeping back'",
"*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sword'",
"*mi-ddām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from blood'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse",
"*ʿōśeh mᵉleʾḵeṯ YHWH rᵉmiyyāh*": "does the LORD's work deceitfully/performs the LORD's task negligently",
"*mōnēaʿ ḥarbô middām*": "withholds his sword from blood/keeps back his sword from bloodshed"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.11",
"source": "שַׁאֲנַ֨ן מוֹאָ֜ב מִנְּעוּרָ֗יו וְשֹׁקֵ֥ט הוּא֙ אֶל־שְׁמָרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־הוּרַ֤ק מִכְּלִי֙ אֶל־כֶּ֔לִי וּבַגּוֹלָ֖ה לֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן עָמַ֤ד טַעְמוֹ֙ בּ֔וֹ וְרֵיח֖וֹ לֹ֥א נָמָֽר׃",
"text": "*šaʾănan* *Môʾāḇ* from *minnᵉʿûrāyw* and *wᵉšōqēṭ* he to *ʾel-šᵉmārāyw* and not *hûraq* from *mikklî* to *ʾel-kelî*, and *ûḇaggôlāh* not *hālāḵ*; therefore *ʿāmaḏ* his *ṭaʿᵉmô* in him, and his *wᵉrêḥô* not *nāmār*.",
"grammar": {
"*šaʾănan*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'at ease/undisturbed'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*mi-nnᵉʿûrāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'from his youth'",
"*wᵉ-šōqēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - 'and settling/resting'",
"*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - 'he'",
"*ʾel-šᵉmārāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'on his dregs/sediment'",
"*wᵉ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - 'and not'",
"*hûraq*": "Hophal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he was emptied/poured'",
"*mi-kklî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from vessel'",
"*ʾel-kelî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'to vessel'",
"*û-ḇa-ggôlāh*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'and into exile'",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'",
"*hālāḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he went'",
"*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - 'therefore'",
"*ʿāmaḏ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it stood/remained'",
"*ṭaʿᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his taste'",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in him'",
"*wᵉ-rêḥô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his scent/aroma'",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'",
"*nāmār*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it changed'"
},
"variants": {
"*šaʾănan*": "at ease/undisturbed/complacent",
"*šᵉmārāyw*": "his dregs/his sediment/his lees (wine-making metaphor)",
"*hûraq*": "was emptied/was poured out/was decanted",
"*kelî*": "vessel/container/jar",
"*gôlāh*": "exile/captivity",
"*ṭaʿᵉmô*": "his taste/his flavor",
"*rêḥô*": "his scent/his aroma/his smell",
"*nāmār*": "changed/was altered"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.12",
"source": "לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃",
"text": "Therefore *hinnēh*-days *bāʾîm* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH* and *wᵉšillaḥtî*-to him *ṣōʿîm* and *wᵉṣēʿûhû* [they will tip him over], and his *wᵉḵēlāyw* they *yārîqû* [will empty], and their *wᵉniḇlêhem* they *yᵉnappēṣû* [will shatter].",
"grammar": {
"*lāḵēn*": "adverb - 'therefore'",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - 'behold'",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'days'",
"*bāʾîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'coming'",
"*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*wᵉ-šillaḥtî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 1st singular - 'and I will send'",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to him'",
"*ṣōʿîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'tippers/those who tilt'",
"*wᵉ-ṣēʿûhû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and they will tip him over'",
"*wᵉ-ḵēlāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his vessels'",
"*yārîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will empty'",
"*wᵉ-niḇlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'and their jars/bottles'",
"*yᵉnappēṣû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will shatter/break in pieces'"
},
"variants": {
"*hinnēh-yāmîm bāʾîm*": "behold, days are coming",
"*nᵉʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of the LORD/says the LORD",
"*ṣōʿîm*": "tippers/those who tilt/pourers (wine workers)",
"*ṣēʿûhû*": "tip him over/pour him out/tilt him",
"*yārîqû*": "empty/pour out",
"*niḇlêhem*": "their jars/their bottles/their vessels",
"*yᵉnappēṣû*": "shatter/dash to pieces/break"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.13",
"source": "וּבֹ֥שׁ מוֹאָ֖ב מִכְּמ֑וֹשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֙שׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֵּ֥ית אֵ֖ל מִבְטֶחָֽם׃",
"text": "And *ûḇōš* *Môʾāḇ* from *Kᵉmôš* as *kaʾăšer*-*bōšû* *bêṯ* *Yiśrāʾēl* from *Bêṯ* *ʾĒl* their *miḇṭeḥām* [confidence].",
"grammar": {
"*û-ḇōš*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will be ashamed'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*mi-Kᵉmôš*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Chemosh'",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - 'as/just as'",
"*bōšû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they were ashamed'",
"*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"*mi-Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Bethel'",
"*miḇṭeḥām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their confidence'"
},
"variants": {
"*ûḇōš*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded",
"*Kᵉmôš*": "Chemosh (national deity of Moab)",
"*bōšû*": "were ashamed/were disappointed",
"*Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "Bethel (place of worship in northern Israel)",
"*miḇṭeḥām*": "their confidence/their trust/their security"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.14",
"source": "אֵ֚יךְ תֹּֽאמְר֔וּ גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "How *tōʾmᵉrû* '*gibbôrîm* *ʾănāḥnû* and *wᵉʾanšê*-*ḥayil* for the *milḥāmāh*'?",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'",
"*tōʾmᵉrû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you say'",
"*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - 'mighty men/warriors'",
"*ʾănāḥnû*": "pronoun, 1st plural - 'we'",
"*wᵉ-ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - 'and men of'",
"*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might/valor'",
"*la-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'for the battle/war'"
},
"variants": {
"*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*ʾanšê-ḥayil*": "men of valor/mighty men/strong men",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.15",
"source": "שֻׁדַּ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ וְעָרֶ֣יהָ עָלָ֔ה וּמִבְחַ֥ר בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו יָרְד֣וּ לַטָּ֑בַח נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*šuddaḏ* *Môʾāḇ* and her *wᵉʿāreyhā* *ʿālāh* [he has gone up], and choice of her *baḥûrāyw* *yārᵉḏû* to the *laṭṭāḇaḥ* [slaughter], *nᵉʾum*-the *hammelek* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* his *šᵉmô*.",
"grammar": {
"*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is devastated/spoiled'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*wᵉ-ʿāreyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and her cities'",
"*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he went up'",
"*û-miḇḥar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and choice of'",
"*baḥûrāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his young men'",
"*yārᵉḏû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they went down'",
"*la-ṭṭāḇaḥ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'to the slaughter'",
"*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'",
"*ha-mmelek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the King'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - 'of hosts/armies'",
"*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'"
},
"variants": {
"*šuddaḏ*": "devastated/spoiled/destroyed",
"*ʿālāh*": "gone up/ascended/invaded",
"*miḇḥar baḥûrāyw*": "choice of his young men/his best young men",
"*yārᵉḏû laṭṭāḇaḥ*": "gone down to slaughter/descended to butchering",
"*nᵉʾum-hammelek*": "declaration of the King/says the King",
"*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ šᵉmô*": "LORD of hosts is his name/the LORD of armies is his name"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.16",
"source": "קָר֥וֹב אֵיד־מוֹאָ֖ב לָב֑וֹא וְרָ֣עָת֔וֹ מִהֲרָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "Near [is] *ʾêḏ*-*Môʾāḇ* *lāḇôʾ* [to come], and his *wᵉrāʿāṯô* *mihărāh* *mᵉʾōḏ* [hurries exceedingly].",
"grammar": {
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'near/at hand'",
"*ʾêḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'calamity of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*lā-ḇôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to come'",
"*wᵉ-rāʿāṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his disaster'",
"*mihărāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'hastens/hurries'",
"*mᵉʾōḏ*": "adverb - 'very/exceedingly'"
},
"variants": {
"*qārôḇ*": "near/approaching/imminent",
"*ʾêḏ*": "calamity/disaster/destruction",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/to arrive",
"*rāʿāṯô*": "his disaster/his calamity/his evil",
"*mihărāh*": "hastens/hurries/rushes",
"*mᵉʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.17",
"source": "נֻ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ כָּל־סְבִיבָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל יֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ אִמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֤ה נִשְׁבַּר֙ מַטֵּה־עֹ֔ז מַקֵּ֖ל תִּפְאָרָֽה׃",
"text": "*nûḏû* to him, all his *sᵉḇîḇāyw* and all *yōḏᵉʿê* his *šᵉmô*; *ʾimrû*: '*ʾêḵāh* *nišbar* *maṭṭēh*-*ʿōz*, *maqqēl* *tip̄ʾārāh*?'",
"grammar": {
"*nûḏû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'mourn/bemoan'",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'for him'",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'all of'",
"*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his surroundings/those around him'",
"*wᵉ-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and all of'",
"*yōḏᵉʿê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - 'knowers of'",
"*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'",
"*ʾimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'say'",
"*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'",
"*nišbar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is broken'",
"*maṭṭēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'staff of'",
"*ʿōz*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might'",
"*maqqēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'rod of'",
"*tip̄ʾārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'glory/beauty'"
},
"variants": {
"*nûḏû*": "mourn/bemoan/lament",
"*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "his surroundings/those around him/his neighbors",
"*yōḏᵉʿê šᵉmô*": "knowers of his name/those who know his name",
"*ʾêḵāh*": "how/in what way",
"*nišbar*": "is broken/is shattered",
"*maṭṭēh-ʿōz*": "staff of strength/mighty rod/strong scepter",
"*maqqēl tip̄ʾārāh*": "rod of glory/beautiful staff/glorious scepter"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.18",
"source": "רְדִ֤י מִכָּבוֹד֙ *ישבי **וּשְׁבִ֣י בַצָּמָ֔א יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־דִּיב֑וֹן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ עָ֣לָה בָ֔ךְ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָֽיִךְ׃",
"text": "*rᵉḏî* from *kāḇôḏ* and *ûšᵉḇî* in the *baṣṣāmāʾ* [thirst], *yōšeḇeṯ* *baṯ*-*Dîḇôn*, for *šōḏēḏ* *Môʾāḇ* *ʿālāh* against you, *šiḥēṯ* your *miḇṣārāyiḵ* [fortresses].",
"grammar": {
"*rᵉḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'come down/descend'",
"*mi-kāḇôḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from glory'",
"*û-šᵉḇî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular - 'and sit/dwell'",
"*ba-ṣṣāmāʾ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the thirst'",
"*yōšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of/dweller of'",
"*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'daughter of'",
"*Dîḇôn*": "proper noun - 'Dibon'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'destroyer of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has come up'",
"*ḇāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has destroyed'",
"*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your fortresses'"
},
"variants": {
"*rᵉḏî mikāḇôḏ*": "come down from glory/descend from honor",
"*šᵉḇî baṣṣāmāʾ*": "sit in thirst/dwell in thirst",
"*yōšeḇeṯ baṯ-Dîḇôn*": "inhabitant of daughter of Dibon/dweller of the daughter Dibon",
"*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/plunderer/ravager",
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascended/attacked",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "destroyed/ruined",
"*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "your fortresses/your strongholds"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.19",
"source": "אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃",
"text": "To *dereḵ* *ʿimḏî* and *wᵉṣappî* [watch], *yôšeḇeṯ* *ʿĂrôʿēr*; *šaʾălî*-one who flees and one who *wᵉnimlāṭāh* [escapes], *ʾimrî* 'What *nihyāṯāh* [has happened]?'",
"grammar": {
"*ʾel-dereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'to/by the road'",
"*ʿimḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'stand'",
"*wᵉ-ṣappî*": "conjunction + Piel imperative feminine singular - 'and watch/look out'",
"*yôšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of'",
"*ʿĂrôʿēr*": "proper noun - 'Aroer'",
"*šaʾălî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'ask'",
"*nās*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'fleeing'",
"*wᵉ-nimlāṭāh*": "conjunction + Niphal participle feminine singular - 'and escaping'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾel-dereḵ ʿimḏî*": "stand by the road/stand at the way",
"*ṣappî*": "watch/look out/observe",
"*yôšeḇeṯ ʿĂrôʿēr*": "inhabitant of Aroer/dweller of Aroer",
"*nās wᵉnimlāṭāh*": "one who flees and escapes/fugitive and survivor",
"*nihyāṯāh*": "has happened/has occurred/has come to pass"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.20",
"source": "הֹבִ֥ישׁ מוֹאָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ וּֽזְעָ֑קוּ הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנ֔וֹן כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מוֹאָֽב׃",
"text": "*hōbîš* *mōʾāb* because *ḥattâ* *hêlîlû* and *ûzeʿāqû* *haggîdû* in *ʾarnôn* because *šuddad* *mōʾāb*",
"grammar": {
"*hōbîš*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is ashamed/put to shame",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab",
"*ḥattâ*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is broken/dismayed",
"*hêlîlû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - wail/howl ye",
"*ûzeʿāqû*": "imperative with waw-consecutive, 2nd plural - cry out/shriek ye",
"*haggîdû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - tell/declare ye",
"*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon (river)",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is destroyed/devastated",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab"
},
"variants": {
"*hōbîš*": "is put to shame/is ashamed/is disgraced",
"*ḥattâ*": "is broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*ûzeʿāqû*": "cry out/shriek/scream",
"*haggîdû*": "tell/declare/announce",
"*šuddad*": "is destroyed/devastated/ruined"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.21",
"source": "וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט בָּ֖א אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֶל־חֹל֥וֹן וְאֶל־יַ֖הְצָה וְעַל־מֵיפָֽעַת׃",
"text": "And *mišpāṭ* *bāʾ* to *ʾereṣ* the *hammîšōr* to *ḥōlôn* and to *yahṣâ* and against *mêpāʿat*",
"grammar": {
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - judgment/justice",
"*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land/earth of",
"*hammîšōr*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the plain/plateau",
"*ḥōlôn*": "proper noun - Holon (city)",
"*yahṣâ*": "proper noun - Jahaz/Jahzah (city)",
"*mêpāʿat*": "proper noun - Mephaath (city)"
},
"variants": {
"*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/decision/verdict",
"*bāʾ*": "has come/arrived/entered",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground",
"*hammîšōr*": "the plain/plateau/level place/table-land"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.22",
"source": "וְעַל־דִּיב֣וֹן וְעַל־נְב֔וֹ וְעַל־בֵּ֖ית דִּבְלָתָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And against *dîbôn* and against *nebô* and against *bêt diblātāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*dîbôn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)",
"*nebô*": "proper noun - Nebo (city)",
"*bêt diblātāyim*": "compound proper noun - Beth-diblathaim (city)"
},
"variants": {}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.23",
"source": "וְעַ֧ל קִרְיָתַ֛יִם וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית גָּמ֖וּל וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית מְעֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And against *qiryātayim* and against *bêt gāmûl* and against *bêt meʿôn*",
"grammar": {
"*qiryātayim*": "proper noun - Kiriathaim (city)",
"*bêt gāmûl*": "compound proper noun - Beth-gamul (city)",
"*bêt meʿôn*": "compound proper noun - Beth-meon (city)"
},
"variants": {}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.24",
"source": "וְעַל־קְרִיּ֖וֹת וְעַל־בָּצְרָ֑ה וְעַ֗ל כָּל־עָרֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב הָרְחֹק֖וֹת וְהַקְּרֹבֽוֹת׃",
"text": "And against *qeriyyôt* and against *bāṣrâ* and against all *ʿārê* *ʾereṣ* *mōʾāb* the *hārḥōqôt* and the *haqqerōbôt*",
"grammar": {
"*qeriyyôt*": "proper noun - Kerioth (city)",
"*bāṣrâ*": "proper noun - Bozrah (city)",
"*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural, construct - cities of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land of",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*hārḥōqôt*": "adjective with definite article, feminine plural - the far/distant ones",
"*haqqerōbôt*": "adjective with definite article, feminine plural - the near/close ones"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿārê*": "cities/towns/urban centers",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country",
"*hārḥōqôt*": "far away/distant/remote",
"*haqqerōbôt*": "near/close/at hand"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.25",
"source": "נִגְדְּעָה֙ קֶ֣רֶן מוֹאָ֔ב וּזְרֹע֖וֹ נִשְׁבָּ֑רָה נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*nigdeʿâ* *qeren* *mōʾāb* and *zerōʿô* *nišbārâ* *neʾum* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*nigdeʿâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is cut off/broken",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - horn of/power of",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*zerōʿô*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - his arm/strength",
"*nišbārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is broken/shattered",
"*neʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*nigdeʿâ*": "is cut off/broken/hewn down",
"*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might",
"*zerōʿô*": "his arm/strength/power",
"*nišbārâ*": "is broken/shattered/fractured",
"*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.26",
"source": "הַשְׁכִּירֻ֕הוּ כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּ֑יל וְסָפַ֤ק מוֹאָב֙ בְּקִיא֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לִשְׂחֹ֖ק גַּם־הֽוּא׃",
"text": "*haškîrûhû* because against *YHWH* *higdîl* and *sāpaq* *mōʾāb* in *qîʾô* and *hāyâ* to *śeḥōq* also he",
"grammar": {
"*haškîrûhû*": "hiphil imperative with suffix, 2nd masculine plural - make him drunk",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified/boasted",
"*sāpaq*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he claps/wallows",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*qîʾô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his vomit",
"*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he became/was",
"*śeḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - laughter/derision/mockery"
},
"variants": {
"*haškîrûhû*": "make him drunk/intoxicate him",
"*higdîl*": "magnified himself/boasted/acted proudly",
"*sāpaq*": "claps/wallows/splashes",
"*qîʾô*": "his vomit/what he has vomited",
"*hāyâ*": "became/was/will be",
"*śeḥōq*": "laughter/derision/mockery/object of scorn"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.27",
"source": "וְאִ֣ם ׀ ל֣וֹא הַשְּׂחֹ֗ק הָיָ֤ה לְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־בְּגַנָּבִ֖ים נִמְצָ֑א כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֧י דְבָרֶ֛יךָ בּ֖וֹ תִּתְנוֹדָֽד׃",
"text": "And if not the *śeḥōq* *hāyâ* to you *yiśrāʾēl* if among *gannābîm* *nimṣāʾ* because from abundance of *debāreykā* about him *titnôdād*",
"grammar": {
"*śeḥōq*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the derision/mockery",
"*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was/became",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*gannābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thieves",
"*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was found",
"*debāreykā*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - your words",
"*titnôdād*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you wag/shake (your head)"
},
"variants": {
"*śeḥōq*": "derision/mockery/laughter/object of ridicule",
"*hāyâ*": "was/became/existed",
"*gannābîm*": "thieves/robbers",
"*nimṣāʾ*": "was found/discovered/caught",
"*debāreykā*": "your words/statements/speech",
"*titnôdād*": "you wag/shake/nod (as in derision)"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.28",
"source": "עִזְב֤וּ עָרִים֙ וְשִׁכְנ֣וּ בַסֶּ֔לַע יֹשְׁבֵ֖י מוֹאָ֑ב וִֽהְי֣וּ כְיוֹנָ֔ה תְּקַנֵּ֖ן בְּעֶבְרֵ֥י פִי־פָֽחַת׃",
"text": "*ʿizbû* *ʿārîm* and *šiknû* in the *selaʿ* *yōšebê* *mōʾāb* and *wihyû* like *yônâ* *teqannēn* in *ʿebrê* *pî-pāḥat*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿizbû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - abandon/leave ye",
"*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities",
"*šiknû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - dwell ye",
"*selaʿ*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the rock/cliff",
"*yōšebê*": "participle, masculine plural, construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*wihyû*": "imperative with waw-consecutive, 2nd masculine plural - and be ye",
"*yônâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dove",
"*teqannēn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she nests",
"*ʿebrê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - sides of/passages of",
"*pî-pāḥat*": "compound noun - mouth of pit/entrance of cave"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿizbû*": "abandon/leave/forsake",
"*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns",
"*šiknû*": "dwell/reside/live",
"*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag",
"*yōšebê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents",
"*wihyû*": "be/become",
"*yônâ*": "dove/pigeon",
"*teqannēn*": "makes a nest/nests",
"*ʿebrê*": "sides/passages/crossings",
"*pî-pāḥat*": "mouth of pit/opening of cave/entrance of hole"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.29",
"source": "שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּאֶ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד גָּבְה֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ וְרֻ֥ם לִבּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*šāmaʿnû* *geʾôn-mōʾāb* *gēʾeh* *meʾōd* *gābhô* and *ûgeʾônô* and *wegaʾawātô* and *werum* *libbô*",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st common plural - we have heard",
"*geʾôn-mōʾāb*": "compound noun - pride of Moab",
"*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud",
"*meʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*gābhô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his height/exaltation",
"*ûgeʾônô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and his pride",
"*wegaʾawātô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, feminine singular - and his arrogance",
"*werum*": "noun with waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and haughtiness of",
"*libbô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his heart"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/we heard",
"*geʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellence",
"*gēʾeh*": "proud/lofty/exalted",
"*gābhô*": "his height/loftiness/exaltation",
"*geʾônô*": "his pride/majesty/excellence",
"*gaʾawātô*": "his arrogance/haughtiness/exaltation",
"*rum*": "haughtiness/height/exaltation",
"*libbô*": "his heart/mind/inner self"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.30",
"source": "אֲנִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה עֶבְרָת֖וֹ וְלֹא־כֵ֑ן בַּדָּ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃",
"text": "I *yādaʿtî* *neʾum-YHWH* *ʿebrātô* and not so *baddāyw* not so *ʿāśû*",
"grammar": {
"*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I know/have known",
"*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH",
"*ʿebrātô*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - his wrath",
"*baddāyw*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - his boasts/empty talk",
"*ʿāśû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done"
},
"variants": {
"*yādaʿtî*": "I know/have known/am acquainted with",
"*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*ʿebrātô*": "his wrath/fury/arrogance",
"*baddāyw*": "his empty talk/boasts/idle talk/lies",
"*ʿāśû*": "they have done/performed/accomplished"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.31",
"source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ עַל־מוֹאָ֣ב אֲיֵלִ֔יל וּלְמוֹאָ֥ב כֻּלֹּ֖ה אֶזְעָ֑ק אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י קִֽיר־חֶ֖רֶשׂ יֶהְגֶּֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore for *mōʾāb* *ʾayēlîl* and for *mōʾāb* all of it *ʾezʿāq* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* *yehgeh*",
"grammar": {
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ʾayēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will wail/howl",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ʾezʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will cry out",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of",
"*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)",
"*yehgeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he moans/mutters/groans"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾayēlîl*": "I will wail/howl/lament",
"*ʾezʿāq*": "I will cry out/shriek/call",
"*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants",
"*yehgeh*": "he moans/mutters/groans/meditates"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.32",
"source": "מִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃",
"text": "With *bekî* *yaʿzēr* *ʾebkeh-lāk* the *hagepen* *śibmâ* *neṭîšōtayik* *ʿābrû* *yām* unto *yām* *yaʿzēr* *nāgāʿû* upon *qêṣēk* and upon *beṣîrēk* *šōdēd* *nāpāl*",
"grammar": {
"*bekî*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - weeping of",
"*yaʿzēr*": "proper noun - Jazer (city)",
"*ʾebkeh-lāk*": "imperfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will weep for you",
"*hagepen*": "noun with definite article, feminine singular - the vine",
"*śibmâ*": "proper noun - Sibmah (city)",
"*neṭîšōtayik*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine plural - your shoots/tendrils",
"*ʿābrû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they crossed over",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*yaʿzēr*": "proper noun - Jazer (city)",
"*nāgāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they reached/touched",
"*qêṣēk*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your summer fruit",
"*beṣîrēk*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your grape harvest",
"*šōdēd*": "participle, masculine singular - destroyer/spoiler",
"*nāpāl*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has fallen/come"
},
"variants": {
"*bekî*": "weeping/crying",
"*ʾebkeh*": "I will weep/cry/mourn",
"*gepen*": "vine/vineyard",
"*neṭîšōtayik*": "your shoots/tendrils/branches",
"*ʿābrû*": "crossed over/passed through/spread",
"*yām*": "sea/large body of water",
"*nāgāʿû*": "reached/touched/extended to",
"*qêṣēk*": "your summer fruit/harvest",
"*beṣîrēk*": "your grape harvest/vintage",
"*šōdēd*": "destroyer/spoiler/ravager",
"*nāpāl*": "has fallen/come/descended upon"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.33",
"source": "וְנֶאֶסְפָ֨ה שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִ֛יל מִכַּרְמֶ֖ל וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב וְיַ֙יִן֙ מִיקָבִ֣ים הִשְׁבַּ֔תִּי לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֣ךְ הֵידָ֔ד הֵידָ֖ד לֹ֥א הֵידָֽד׃",
"text": "And *neʾespâ* *śimḥâ* and *wāgîl* from *karmel* and from *ʾereṣ* *mōʾāb* and *yayin* from *mîqābîm* *hišbattî* not *yidrōk* *hêdād* *hêdād* not *hêdād*",
"grammar": {
"*neʾespâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is gathered/taken away",
"*śimḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - joy/gladness",
"*wāgîl*": "noun with waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and rejoicing",
"*karmel*": "noun, masculine singular - fruitful field/plantation",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land of",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine",
"*mîqābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - from wine-presses",
"*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I have caused to cease",
"*yidrōk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he treads",
"*hêdād*": "interjection - shout of joy (during treading)"
},
"variants": {
"*neʾespâ*": "is gathered/taken away/removed",
"*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/mirth",
"*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/gladness",
"*karmel*": "fruitful field/plantation/orchard",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory",
"*yayin*": "wine/fermented drink",
"*mîqābîm*": "wine-presses/vats",
"*hišbattî*": "I have caused to cease/made to stop",
"*yidrōk*": "he treads/presses/tramples",
"*hêdād*": "shout of joy/vintage cry (during wine treading)"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.34",
"source": "מִזַּעֲקַ֨ת חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן עַד־אֶלְעָלֵ֗ה עַד־יַ֙הַץ֙ נָתְנ֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם מִצֹּ֙עַר֙ עַד־חֹ֣רֹנַ֔יִם עֶגְלַ֖ת שְׁלִֽשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֚י גַּם־מֵ֣י נִמְרִ֔ים לִמְשַׁמּ֖וֹת יִהְיֽוּ׃",
"text": "From *zaʿaqat* *ḥešbôn* unto *ʾelʿālēh* unto *yahaṣ* *nātnû* *qôlām* from *ṣōʿar* unto *ḥōrōnayim* *ʿeglat* *šelišîyâ* because also *mê* *nimrîm* to *mešammôt* *yihyû*",
"grammar": {
"*zaʿaqat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - cry of",
"*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)",
"*ʾelʿālēh*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)",
"*yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)",
"*nātnû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given",
"*qôlām*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - their voice",
"*ṣōʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)",
"*ḥōrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)",
"*ʿeglat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - heifer of",
"*šelišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - three year old",
"*mê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - waters of",
"*nimrîm*": "proper noun - Nimrim",
"*mešammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - desolations",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be"
},
"variants": {
"*zaʿaqat*": "cry/outcry/scream",
"*nātnû*": "they have given/uttered/raised",
"*qôlām*": "their voice/sound",
"*ʿeglat šelišîyâ*": "heifer of three years old/third heifer",
"*mê*": "waters/streams",
"*mešammôt*": "desolations/wastes/ruins",
"*yihyû*": "they will be/become/exist"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.35",
"source": "וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י לְמוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מַעֲלֶ֣ה בָמָ֔ה וּמַקְטִ֖יר לֵאלֹהָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *hišbattî* for *mōʾāb* *neʾum-YHWH* *maʿaleh* *bāmâ* and *maqṭîr* to *ʾelōhāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to cease",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH",
"*maʿaleh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who offers up",
"*bāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - high place/altar",
"*maqṭîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who burns incense",
"*ʾelōhāyw*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - his gods"
},
"variants": {
"*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/make to stop/put an end to",
"*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*maʿaleh*": "one who offers up/brings up/sacrifices at",
"*bāmâ*": "high place/altar/shrine",
"*maqṭîr*": "one who burns incense/offers sacrifice",
"*ʾelōhāyw*": "his gods/deities"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.36",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֞ן לִבִּ֤י לְמוֹאָב֙ כַּחֲלִלִ֣ים יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְלִבִּי֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י קִֽיר־חֶ֔רֶשׂ כַּחֲלִילִ֖ים יֶהֱמֶ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן יִתְרַ֥ת עָשָׂ֖ה אָבָֽדוּ׃",
"text": "Therefore *libbî* for *mōʾāb* like *ḥalilîm* *yehĕmeh* and *libbî* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* like *ḥalîlîm* *yehĕmeh* therefore *yitrat* *ʿāśâ* *ʾābādû*",
"grammar": {
"*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ḥalilîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes",
"*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds",
"*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of",
"*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)",
"*ḥalîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes",
"*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds",
"*yitrat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - abundance of",
"*ʿāśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/acquired",
"*ʾābādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have perished"
},
"variants": {
"*libbî*": "my heart/inner self/mind",
"*ḥalilîm*": "flutes/pipes/wind instruments",
"*yehĕmeh*": "moans/sounds/groans/wails",
"*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants",
"*yitrat*": "abundance/excess/surplus",
"*ʿāśâ*": "he made/acquired/gained",
"*ʾābādû*": "they have perished/been destroyed/lost"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.37",
"source": "כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֙יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃",
"text": "Because every *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and every *zāqān* *geruʿâ* upon all *yādayim* *gedudōt* and upon *motnayim* *śāq*",
"grammar": {
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head",
"*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness",
"*zāqān*": "noun, masculine singular - beard",
"*geruʿâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - cut off/clipped",
"*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands",
"*gedudōt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - cut/gashed",
"*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist",
"*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief",
"*qorḥâ*": "baldness/bald spot",
"*zāqān*": "beard/chin",
"*geruʿâ*": "cut off/clipped/diminished",
"*yādayim*": "hands/arms",
"*gedudōt*": "cut/gashed/with incisions",
"*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips",
"*śāq*": "sackcloth/mourning garment"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.38",
"source": "עַ֣ל כָּל־גַּגּ֥וֹת מוֹאָ֛ב וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֖יהָ כֻּלֹּ֣ה מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב כִּכְלִ֛י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּ֖וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "Upon all *gaggôt* *mōʾāb* and in *birḥōbōteyhā* all of it *mispēd* because *šābartî* *ʾet-mōʾāb* like *kelî* *ʾên-ḥēpeṣ* in it *neʾum-YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*gaggôt*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - roofs of",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*birḥōbōteyhā*": "noun with possessive suffix and prefix, feminine plural - in its streets",
"*mispēd*": "noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing",
"*šābartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have broken",
"*ʾet-mōʾāb*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Moab",
"*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/implement",
"*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "construct chain - no delight/pleasure",
"*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops",
"*birḥōbōteyhā*": "in its streets/squares/open places",
"*mispēd*": "lamentation/wailing/mourning",
"*šābartî*": "I have broken/shattered/smashed",
"*kelî*": "vessel/implement/utensil",
"*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "no delight/no pleasure/not desired",
"*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.39",
"source": "אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "How *ḥattāh* *hēylîlû*! How *hiphənāh-ʿōreph* *Môʾāb* *bôsh*! *wə-hāyāh* *Môʾāb* for *śəḥōq* and for *məḥittāh* to all *səbîbāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥattāh*": "3rd person feminine singular perfect - is broken/shattered/dismayed",
"*hēylîlû*": "imperative plural - wail/howl",
"*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "3rd person singular Hiphil perfect with noun - has turned (the) neck/back",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*bôsh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - is ashamed/put to shame",
"*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become",
"*śəḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - derision/laughter/mockery",
"*məḥittāh*": "feminine singular noun - terror/dismay/ruin",
"*səbîbāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its surroundings/neighbors"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥattāh*": "is broken/is shattered/is dismayed/is terrified",
"*hēylîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "turned the back/fled/retreated",
"*bôsh*": "is ashamed/is disgraced/is humiliated",
"*məḥittāh*": "terror/dismay/ruin/object of horror"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.40",
"source": "כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה כַנֶּ֖שֶׁר יִדְאֶ֑ה וּפָרַ֥שׂ כְּנָפָ֖יו אֶל־מוֹאָֽב׃",
"text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnēh* like *hannesher* *yidʾeh* and *pāraś* *kənāphāyw* against *Môʾāb*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - has said/spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*hannesher*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture",
"*yidʾeh*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - he will swoop/fly",
"*pāraś*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will spread out",
"*kənāphāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wings",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab"
},
"variants": {
"*hannesher*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey",
"*yidʾeh*": "will swoop down/will soar/will fly",
"*pāraś*": "spread out/stretch out/extend"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.41",
"source": "נִלְכְּדָה֙ הַקְּרִיּ֔וֹת וְהַמְּצָד֖וֹת נִתְפָּ֑שָׂה וְֽ֠הָיָה לֵ֞ב גִּבּוֹרֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כְּלֵ֖ב אִשָּׁ֥ה מְצֵרָֽה׃",
"text": "*nilkədāh* *haqqəriyyôt* and *hamməṣādôt* *nitpāśāh* and *wəhāyāh* *lēb* *gibbôrêy* *Môʾāb* in *hayyôm* *hahûʾ* like *lēb* *ʾiššāh* *məṣērāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*nilkədāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is captured/seized",
"*haqqəriyyôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the cities/towns",
"*hamməṣādôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the strongholds/fortresses",
"*nitpāśāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is seized/captured",
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become",
"*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*gibbôrêy*": "masculine plural construct - mighty men/warriors of",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the day",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that",
"*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman",
"*məṣērāh*": "feminine singular Piel participle - in labor/distress"
},
"variants": {
"*haqqəriyyôt*": "the cities/the towns/possibly specific place name Kerioth",
"*hamməṣādôt*": "the strongholds/the fortresses/the fortifications",
"*nitpāśāh*": "is seized/is captured/is taken",
"*gibbôrêy*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*məṣērāh*": "in labor/in childbirth pain/in distress"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.42",
"source": "וְנִשְׁמַ֥ד מוֹאָ֖ב מֵעָ֑ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּֽיל׃",
"text": "And *nishəmad* *Môʾāb* from *ʿām* because against *YHWH* *higədîl*.",
"grammar": {
"*nishəmad*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal perfect - is destroyed/exterminated",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*higədîl*": "3rd person masculine singular Hiphil perfect - he magnified/boasted"
},
"variants": {
"*nishəmad*": "is destroyed/is annihilated/ceases to exist as",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/populated place",
"*higədîl*": "magnified himself/boasted/exalted himself"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.43",
"source": "פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֛יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב מוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*paḥad* and *pāḥat* and *pāḥ* upon you *yôshēb* *Môʾāb* *nəʾum-YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*paḥad*": "masculine singular noun - terror/dread",
"*pāḥat*": "feminine singular noun - pit/trap",
"*pāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - snare/trap",
"*yôshēb*": "masculine singular Qal participle construct - inhabitant/dweller of",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*paḥad*": "terror/dread/panic",
"*pāḥat*": "pit/hole/trap",
"*pāḥ*": "snare/trap/bird net",
"*yôshēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident",
"*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of the LORD/oracle of YHWH"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.44",
"source": "*הניס **הַנָּ֞ס מִפְּנֵ֤י הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעֹלֶה֙ מִן־הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא אֵלֶ֧יהָ אֶל־מוֹאָ֛ב שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*hannās* from *pənêy* *happaḥad* *yippōl* into *happaḥat* and *hāʿōleh* from *happaḥat* *yillākēd* in *happāḥ* because *ʾābîʾ* to her, to *Môʾāb*, *shənat* *pəquddātām* *nəʾum-YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*hannās*": "definite article with masculine singular Qal participle - the one fleeing",
"*pənêy*": "masculine plural construct - face of",
"*happaḥad*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the terror/dread",
"*yippōl*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - he will fall",
"*happaḥat*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the pit",
"*hāʿōleh*": "definite article with masculine singular Qal participle - the one coming up",
"*yillākēd*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal imperfect - he will be caught",
"*happāḥ*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the snare/trap",
"*ʾābîʾ*": "1st person singular Hiphil imperfect - I will bring",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*shənat*": "feminine singular construct - year of",
"*pəquddātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment",
"*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*hannās*": "the one fleeing/the fugitive/the escapee",
"*pənêy*": "face of/presence of/from before",
"*happaḥad*": "the terror/the dread/the panic",
"*happaḥat*": "the pit/the trap/the hole",
"*hāʿōleh*": "the one coming up/the one climbing out/the one escaping",
"*yillākēd*": "will be caught/will be trapped/will be captured",
"*happāḥ*": "the snare/the trap/the net",
"*pəquddātām*": "their visitation/their punishment/their judgment"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.45",
"source": "בְּצֵ֥ל חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עָמְד֖וּ מִכֹּ֣חַ נָסִ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֞שׁ יָצָ֣א מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ין סִיח֔וֹן וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ פְּאַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְקָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוֹן׃",
"text": "In *ṣēl* *Ḥeshbôn* *ʿāmədû* without *kōaḥ* *nāsîm* because *ʾēsh* *yāṣāʾ* from *Ḥeshbôn* and *lehābāh* from between *Sîḥôn* and *tōʾkal* *pəʾat* *Môʾāb* and *qodqōd* *bənêy* *shāʾôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣēl*": "masculine singular construct - shadow of",
"*Ḥeshbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon",
"*ʿāmədû*": "3rd person plural Qal perfect - they stood",
"*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power",
"*nāsîm*": "masculine plural Qal participle - fleeing ones",
"*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect - went out/came forth",
"*lehābāh*": "feminine singular noun - flame",
"*Sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon",
"*tōʾkal*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect with waw consecutive - and it devours",
"*pəʾat*": "feminine singular construct - corner/edge/side of",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*qodqōd*": "masculine singular construct - crown of head of",
"*bənêy*": "masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*shāʾôn*": "masculine singular noun - tumult/noise"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣēl*": "shadow/shade/shelter",
"*ʿāmədû*": "they stood/they halted/they stopped",
"*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/ability",
"*nāsîm*": "fleeing ones/fugitives/refugees",
"*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze",
"*tōʾkal*": "devours/consumes/eats",
"*pəʾat*": "corner/edge/side/border",
"*qodqōd*": "crown of head/scalp",
"*bənêy*": "sons of/children of",
"*shāʾôn*": "tumult/noise/uproar/possibly 'pride' or place name"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.46",
"source": "אוֹי־לְךָ֣ מוֹאָ֔ב אָבַ֖ד עַם־כְּמ֑וֹשׁ כִּֽי־לֻקְּח֤וּ בָנֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔בִי וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ בַּשִּׁבְיָֽה׃",
"text": "Woe to you *Môʾāb*! *ʾābad* *ʿam-Kəmôsh* because *luqqəḥû* *bāneykā* in *haššebî* and *bənôteykā* in *haššibyāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*ʾābad*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect - is perished/destroyed",
"*ʿam-Kəmôsh*": "construct phrase - people of Chemosh",
"*luqqəḥû*": "3rd person plural Pual perfect - they are taken",
"*bāneykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons",
"*haššebî*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the captivity",
"*bənôteykā*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your daughters",
"*haššibyāh*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the captivity"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābad*": "is perished/is destroyed/is ruined",
"*ʿam-Kəmôsh*": "people of Chemosh/nation of Chemosh",
"*luqqəḥû*": "are taken/are captured/are carried away",
"*haššebî*": "the captivity/the exile",
"*haššibyāh*": "the captivity/the exile/feminine form emphasizing female captives"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.47",
"source": "וְשַׁבְתִּ֧י שְׁבוּת־מוֹאָ֛ב בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה עַד־הֵ֖נָּה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט מוֹאָֽב׃ ס",
"text": "And *wəshabtî* *shəbût-Môʾāb* in *ʾaḥărît* *hayyāmîm* *nəʾum-YHWH*. Until here *mishpaṭ* *Môʾāb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəshabtî*": "conjunction with 1st person singular Qal perfect - and I will restore",
"*shəbût-Môʾāb*": "feminine singular construct with proper noun - captivity of Moab",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "feminine singular construct - end of/latter part of",
"*hayyāmîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the days",
"*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH",
"*mishpaṭ*": "masculine singular construct - judgment of",
"*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab"
},
"variants": {
"*wəshabtî*": "I will restore/I will return/I will bring back",
"*shəbût-Môʾāb*": "captivity of Moab/fortunes of Moab",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "end/latter part/future",
"*hayyāmîm*": "the days/latter days/end times",
"*mishpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/verdict"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.49.1",
"source": "לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲבָנִ֥ים אֵין֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־יוֹרֵ֖שׁ אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ מַדּ֗וּעַ יָרַ֤שׁ מַלְכָּם֙ אֶת־גָּ֔ד וְעַמּ֖וֹ בְּעָרָ֥יו יָשָֽׁב׃",
"text": "Concerning *bənê* *ʿammôn* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, are there *bānîm* not to *yiśrāʾēl*, if *yôrēš* not to him? *Maddûaʿ* *yāraš* *malkām* *ʾet*-*gād* *wə*-*ʿammô* in *ʿārāyw* *yāšāb*?",
"grammar": {
"*bənê*": "construct state, masculine, plural - sons/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper noun, refers to the Ammonites, descendants of Lot",
"*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children/descendants",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yôrēš*": "active participle, masculine singular - heir/inheritor",
"*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why/for what reason",
"*yāraš*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - inherited/possessed/dispossessed",
"*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gād*": "proper noun - Gad (Israelite tribe)",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʿammô*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his people",
"*ʿārāyw*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his/its cities",
"*yāšāb*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - dwelt/settled/inhabited"
},
"variants": {
"*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)",
"*yāraš*": "inherited/possessed/dispossessed/took possession of",
"*yôrēš*": "heir/inheritor/one who takes possession"
}
}