Revelation 21:23

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Revelation.21.23", "source": "Καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου, οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης, ἵνα φαίνωσιν ἐν αὐτῇ: ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν, καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ Ἀρνίον.", "text": "And the *polis* not *chreian* *echei* of-the *hēliou*, neither of-the *selēnēs*, that they-may-*phainōsin* in her: the for *doxa* of-the *Theou* *ephōtisen* her, and the *lychnos* of-her the *Arnion*.", "grammar": { "*polis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*chreian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - need/necessity", "*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - has", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - sun", "*selēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - moon", "*phainōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might shine", "*doxa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*ephōtisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - illuminated/enlightened", "*lychnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - lamp/light", "*Arnion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Lamb" }, "variants": { "*polis*": "city/town", "*chreian*": "need/necessity/requirement", "*echei*": "has/holds/possesses", "*hēliou*": "sun/solar body", "*selēnēs*": "moon/lunar body", "*phainōsin*": "might shine/might appear/might give light", "*doxa*": "glory/splendor/radiance/honor", "*ephōtisen*": "illuminated/enlightened/gave light to", "*lychnos*": "lamp/light/illumination source", "*Arnion*": "Lamb (symbolic reference to Christ)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου, οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης, ἵνα φαίνωσιν ἐν αὐτῇ: ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν, καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ Ἀρνίον.

Transliteration

And the polis not chreian echei of-the hēliou, neither of-the selēnēs, that they-may-phainōsin in her: the for doxa of-the Theou ephōtisen her, and the lychnos of-her the Arnion.

Grammar Details

• *polis*: nominative, feminine, singular - city
• *chreian*: accusative, feminine, singular - need/necessity
• *echei*: present active indicative, 3rd person singular - has
• *hēliou*: genitive, masculine, singular - sun
• *selēnēs*: genitive, feminine, singular - moon
• *phainōsin*: present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might shine
• *doxa*: nominative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor
• *Theou*: genitive, masculine, singular - God
• *ephōtisen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - illuminated/enlightened
• *lychnos*: nominative, masculine, singular - lamp/light
• *Arnion*: nominative, neuter, singular - Lamb

Word Meanings

• *polis*: city/town
• *chreian*: need/necessity/requirement
• *echei*: has/holds/possesses
• *hēliou*: sun/solar body
• *selēnēs*: moon/lunar body
• *phainōsin*: might shine/might appear/might give light
• *doxa*: glory/splendor/radiance/honor
• *ephōtisen*: illuminated/enlightened/gave light to
• *lychnos*: lamp/light/illumination source
• *Arnion*: Lamb (symbolic reference to Christ)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light theof.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it; for the glory of God illuminated it, and the Lamb is its light.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof [is] the Lamb.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and the cite hath no nede of the sonne nether of the mone to lyghten it. For the bryghtnes of God dyd light it: and the lambe was the light of it.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and the cite hath no nede of the Sonne, nether of the mone to lyghten it. For the bryghtnes of God doth light it: and the lambe is the lyght of it.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And this citie hath no neede of the sunne, neither of the moone to shine in it: for the glorie of God did light it: and the Lambe is the light of it.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the citie hath no neede of the sunne, neither of the moone to lighten it: For the glorie of God dyd lighten it, and the Lambe is the lyght of it.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb [is] the light thereof.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The city has no need for the sun, neither of the moon, to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the city hath no need of the sun, nor of the moon, that they may shine in it; for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp of it `is' the Lamb;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof `is' the Lamb.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof [is] the Lamb.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the town has no need of the sun, or of the moon, to give it light: for the glory of God did make it light, and the light of it is the Lamb.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The city has no need for the sun, neither of the moon, to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God lights it up, and its lamp is the Lamb.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 60:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.19", "source": "לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֨ךְ ע֤וֹד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם וּלְנֹ֕גַהּ הַיָּרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֣יר לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָה־לָ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ לְא֣וֹר עוֹלָ֔ם וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ לְתִפְאַרְתֵּֽךְ", "text": "Not *yihyeh* to you yet the *šemeš* for *ʾôr* by day, and for *nōgah* the *yārēaḥ* not *yāʾîr* to you; and *hāyâ* to you *YHWH* for *ʾôr* *ʿôlām*, and your *ʾelōhayik* for your *tipʾartēk*.", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular, absolute - sun", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - light", "*nōgah*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - brightness/light", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - moon", "*yāʾîr*": "verb, hiphil, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will give light/shine", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal, perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - will be", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - everlasting/eternity", "*ʾelōhayik*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your God", "*tipʾartēk*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/illumination", "*nōgah*": "brightness/light/radiance", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/eternal/perpetual/ancient", "*tipʾartēk*": "your glory/your beauty/your ornament/your splendor" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.20", "source": "לֹא־יָב֥וֹא עוֹד֙ שִׁמְשֵׁ֔ךְ וִירֵחֵ֖ךְ לֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ לְא֣וֹר עוֹלָ֔ם וְשָׁלְמ֖וּ יְמֵ֥י אֶבְלֵֽךְ", "text": "Not *yābôʾ* yet your *šimšēk*, and your *yĕrēḥēk* not *yēʾāsēp*; for *YHWH* *yihyeh* to you for *ʾôr* *ʿôlām*, and *šālĕmû* the days of your *ʾeblēk*.", "grammar": { "*yābôʾ*": "verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will come/go", "*šimšēk*": "noun, common, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your sun", "*yĕrēḥēk*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your moon", "*yēʾāsēp*": "verb, niphal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be gathered/withdrawn", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - light", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - everlasting/eternity", "*šālĕmû*": "verb, qal, perfect, 3rd person common plural with waw consecutive - will be completed/ended", "*ʾeblēk*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your mourning" }, "variants": { "*yābôʾ*": "will come/will set (of heavenly bodies)/will enter", "*yēʾāsēp*": "will be gathered/will be withdrawn/will be taken away", "*ʾôr*": "light/illumination", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/eternal/perpetual/ancient", "*šālĕmû*": "will be completed/will be ended/will be fulfilled", "*ʾeblēk*": "your mourning/your grief" } }
• Rev 21:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Revelation.21.11", "source": "Ἔχουσαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ: καὶ ὁ φωστὴρ αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ, ὡς λίθῳ, ἰάσπιδι κρυσταλλίζοντι·", "text": "*Echousan* the *doxan* of-the *Theou*: and the *phōstēr* of-her *homoios* *lithō* *timiōtatō*, as *lithō*, *iaspidi* *krystallizanti*;", "grammar": { "*Echousan*": "present active participle, accusative, feminine, singular - having", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*phōstēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - luminary/light/brightness", "*homoios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - like/similar", "*lithō*": "dative, masculine, singular - stone", "*timiōtatō*": "dative, masculine, singular, superlative - most precious/valuable", "*iaspidi*": "dative, masculine, singular - jasper", "*krystallizanti*": "present active participle, dative, masculine, singular - crystallizing/clear as crystal" }, "variants": { "*Echousan*": "having/possessing/containing", "*doxan*": "glory/splendor/radiance/honor", "*phōstēr*": "luminary/light/brightness/radiance", "*homoios*": "like/similar/resembling", "*lithō*": "stone/gem/rock", "*timiōtatō*": "most precious/most valuable/most costly", "*iaspidi*": "jasper (a precious stone)", "*krystallizanti*": "crystallizing/clear as crystal/shining like crystal" } }
• Isa 24:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.23", "source": "וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבוֹשָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת בְּהַ֤ר צִיּוֹן֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֽוֹד׃", "text": "And-*ḥāpərāh* the-*ləbānāh* and-*bôšāh* the-*ḥammāh* *kî*-*mālak* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* in-*har* *Ṣiyyôn* and-in-*Yərûšālaim* and-before *zəqēnāyw* *kābôd*", "grammar": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be ashamed", "*ləbānāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the moon", "*bôšāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be confounded", "*ḥammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - reigns/has become king", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "common noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*har*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in mountain of", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition ב and conjunction ו - and in Jerusalem", "*zəqēnāyw*": "adjective, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition נגד with conjunction ו - and before his elders", "*kābôd*": "common noun, masculine singular - glory" }, "variants": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "will be ashamed/will be disgraced/will be confounded", "*ləbānāh*": "moon/white one", "*bôšāh*": "will be confounded/will be embarrassed/will be ashamed", "*ḥammāh*": "sun/hot one", "*mālak*": "reigns/has become king/rules", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "of hosts/of armies", "*zəqēnāyw*": "his elders/his old men/his officials", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Rev 22:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.22.5", "source": "Καὶ νὺξ οὐκ ἔσται ἐκει· καὶ χρείαν οὐκ ἔχουσιν λύχνου, καὶ φωτὸς ἡλίου· ὅτι Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς φωτίζει αὐτούς: καὶ βασιλεύσουσιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.", "text": "And *nyx* not *estai* *ekei*; and *chreian* not *echousin lychnou*, and *phōtos hēliou*; because *Kyrios* the *Theos phōtizei* them: and *basileusousin* into the *aiōnas* of the *aiōnōn*.", "grammar": { "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night", "*estai*": "future indicative, 3rd singular - will be", "*ekei*": "adverb - there", "*chreian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - need", "*echousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - have/hold", "*lychnou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of lamp", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of sun", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*phōtizei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives light/illuminates", "*basileusousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - will reign/rule", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages", "*aiōnōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of ages" }, "variants": { "*chreian*": "need/necessity/requirement", "*lychnou*": "lamp/light", "*phōtizei*": "gives light/illuminates/enlightens", "*basileusousin*": "will reign/rule/exercise kingship", "*aiōnas tōn aiōnōn*": "ages of ages/forever and ever/eternity" } }
• Hab 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.3", "source": "אֱל֙וֹהַ֙ מִתֵּימָ֣ן יָב֔וֹא וְקָד֥וֹשׁ מֵֽהַר־פָּארָ֖ן סֶ֑לָה כִּסָּ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ הוֹד֔וֹ וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾĕlôha* from *Tēmān yāḇôʾ*, and *qāḏôš* from *har-Pāʾrān*. *Selāh*. *Kissāh šāmayim hôḏô*, and *ṯəhillāṯô* filled *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlôha*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*Tēmān*": "proper noun with preposition *min* - from Teman (south/Yemen)", "*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he comes/will come", "*qāḏôš*": "adjective masculine singular - holy one", "*har-Pāʾrān*": "proper noun with preposition *min* - from Mount Paran", "*Selāh*": "musical notation or pause", "*Kissāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - covered/covered completely", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*hôḏô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his majesty/splendor", "*ṯəhillāṯô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his praise/glory", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*Tēmān*": "southern region/Yemen/South", "*hôḏô*": "his majesty/his splendor/his glory" } }
• Rev 21:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Revelation.21.25", "source": "Καὶ οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν ἡμέρας: νὺξ γὰρ οὐκ ἔσται ἐκεῖ.", "text": "And the *pylōnes* of-her not never will-be-*kleisthōsin* of-*hēmeras*: *nyx* for not will-*estai* there.", "grammar": { "*pylōnes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - gates", "*kleisthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might be shut/closed", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - day", "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be" }, "variants": { "*pylōnes*": "gates/gateways/entrances", "*kleisthōsin*": "might be shut/closed/sealed", "*hēmeras*": "day/daytime", "*nyx*": "night/darkness" } }
• Acts 22:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Acts.22.11", "source": "Ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου, χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι, ἦλθον εἰς Δαμασκόν.", "text": "As *de* not *eneblepon* from the *doxēs* of the *phōtos ekeinou*, *cheiragōgoumenos* by the *synontōn* to me, *ēlthon* into *Damaskon*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*eneblepon*": "imperfect active indicative, 1st person singular - I could see", "*doxēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - glory/brightness", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - light", "*ekeinou*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, neuter, singular - that", "*cheiragōgoumenos*": "present passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being led by the hand", "*synontōn*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - being with/accompanying", "*ēlthon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I came/went" }, "variants": { "*eneblepon*": "could see/was seeing/had sight", "*doxēs*": "glory/brightness/brilliance", "*cheiragōgoumenos*": "being led by hand/guided by hand", "*synontōn*": "companions/those with me/fellow travelers", "*ēlthon*": "came/went/arrived" } }
• Rev 18:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.1", "source": "¶Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον καταβαίνοντα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην· καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐφωτίσθη ἐκ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And after these things *eidon* another *angelon* *katabainonta* from the *ouranou*, *echonta* *exousian* *megalēn*; and the *gē* *ephōtisthē* from the *doxēs* of him.", "grammar": { "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*meta*": "preposition + accusative - after", "*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - these things", "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I saw", "*allon*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, singular - another", "*angelon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*katabainonta*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - coming down/descending", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*tou ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*echonta*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - having", "*exousian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - authority/power", "*megalēn*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*gē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*ephōtisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was illuminated/lit up", "*tēs doxēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - glory/radiance/splendor", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - of him" }, "variants": { "*eidon*": "saw/perceived/beheld", "*angelon*": "messenger/angel", "*katabainonta*": "descending/coming down", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky", "*echonta*": "having/possessing/holding", "*exousian*": "authority/power/jurisdiction", "*megalēn*": "great/large/powerful", "*gē*": "earth/land/ground/soil", "*ephōtisthē*": "was illuminated/was lit up/was enlightened", "*doxēs*": "glory/splendor/radiance/honor" } }
• Mark 8:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Mark.8.38", "source": "Ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ μοιχαλίδι καὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ· καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται αὐτὸν, ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν ἁγίων.", "text": "Whoever for might be *epaischynthē* me and the *emous* *logous* in the *genea* this the *moichalidi* and *hamartōlō*; also the *Huios* of *anthrōpou* will be *epaischynthēsetai* him, when he might *elthē* in the *doxē* of the *Patros* of him with the *angelōn* the *hagiōn*.", "grammar": { "*epaischynthē*": "verb, aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he might be ashamed of", "*emous*": "adjective, masculine accusative plural - my", "*logous*": "noun, masculine accusative plural - words", "*genea*": "noun, feminine dative singular - generation", "*moichalidi*": "adjective, feminine dative singular - adulterous", "*hamartōlō*": "adjective, feminine dative singular - sinful", "*Huios*": "noun, masculine nominative singular - Son", "*anthrōpou*": "noun, masculine genitive singular - of man", "*epaischynthēsetai*": "verb, future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - he will be ashamed of", "*elthē*": "verb, aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he might come", "*doxē*": "noun, feminine dative singular - glory", "*Patros*": "noun, masculine genitive singular - of Father", "*angelōn*": "noun, masculine genitive plural - of angels", "*hagiōn*": "adjective, masculine genitive plural - holy" }, "variants": { "*epaischynthē*": "he might be ashamed of/embarrassed by", "*emous*": "my/mine", "*logous*": "words/sayings/statements", "*genea*": "generation/age/race", "*moichalidi*": "adulterous/unfaithful", "*hamartōlō*": "sinful/sinning", "*Huios*": "Son/descendant", "*anthrōpou*": "of man/humanity", "*epaischynthēsetai*": "he will be ashamed of/embarrassed by", "*elthē*": "he might come/arrive", "*doxē*": "glory/splendor/majesty", "*Patros*": "of Father/parent", "*angelōn*": "of angels/messengers", "*hagiōn*": "holy/set apart/sacred" } }
• Luke 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Luke.2.32", "source": "Φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν Ἐθνῶν, καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ.", "text": "*Phōs* for *apokalypsin* of *Ethnōn*, and *doxan* of *laou* of you *Israēl*.", "grammar": { "*Phōs*": "nominative/accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*apokalypsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*Ethnōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of Gentiles/nations", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor", "*laou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of people/nation", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine - of Israel" }, "variants": { "*Phōs*": "light/illumination", "*apokalypsin*": "revelation/disclosure/unveiling", "*Ethnōn*": "Gentiles/nations/non-Jews", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*laou*": "people/nation/populace" } }
• John 1:4 : 4 { "verseID": "John.1.4", "source": "Ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν· καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων.", "text": "In *autō* *zōē* *ēn*; and the *zōē* *ēn* the *phōs* of the *anthrōpōn*.", "grammar": { "*autō*": "dative masculine singular pronoun - in him", "*zōē*": "nominative feminine singular - life", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative 3rd person singular of *eimi* - was (continuous state)", "*phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - light", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive masculine plural of *anthrōpos* - of men/humans/mankind" }, "variants": { "*zōē*": "life/existence/vital force", "*phōs*": "light/illumination/understanding", "*anthrōpōn*": "humans/mankind/people" } }
• John 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "John.1.9", "source": "Ἦν τὸ Φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον.", "text": "*Ēn* the *Phōs* the *alēthinon*, which *phōtizei panta anthrōpon erchomenon* into the *kosmon*.", "grammar": { "*Ēn*": "imperfect active indicative 3rd person singular of *eimi* - was", "*Phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - Light", "*alēthinon*": "nominative neuter singular - true/genuine/real", "*phōtizei*": "present active indicative 3rd person singular of *phōtizō* - gives light to/illuminates", "*panta*": "accusative masculine singular - every", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative masculine singular - man/human", "*erchomenon*": "present middle/passive participle, accusative masculine singular or nominative neuter singular of *erchomai* - coming", "*kosmon*": "accusative masculine singular - world" }, "variants": { "*alēthinon*": "true/genuine/real/authentic", "*phōtizei*": "illuminates/enlightens/gives light to", "*erchomenon*": "coming (can modify either light or man, grammatically ambiguous)", "*kosmon*": "world/universe/ordered system" } }
• John 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "John.1.14", "source": "Καὶ ὁ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, (καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ Πατρός,) πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας.", "text": "And the *Logos sarx egeneto*, and *eskēnōsen* among *hēmin*, (and *etheasametha* the *doxan autou*, *doxan* as *monogenous* from *Patros*,) *plērēs charitos* and *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*Logos*": "nominative masculine singular - Word", "*sarx*": "nominative feminine singular - flesh", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative 3rd person singular of *ginomai* - became", "*eskēnōsen*": "aorist active indicative 3rd person singular of *skēnoō* - dwelt/tabernacled", "*hēmin*": "dative 1st person plural pronoun - among us", "*etheasametha*": "aorist middle indicative 1st person plural of *theaomai* - we beheld/saw", "*doxan*": "accusative feminine singular - glory", "*autou*": "genitive masculine singular pronoun - of him/his", "*monogenous*": "genitive masculine singular - only-begotten/unique", "*Patros*": "genitive masculine singular - of Father", "*plērēs*": "nominative feminine singular or accusative feminine plural - full", "*charitos*": "genitive feminine singular - of grace", "*alētheias*": "genitive feminine singular - of truth" }, "variants": { "*sarx*": "flesh/human nature/physical body", "*egeneto*": "became/was made/came to be", "*eskēnōsen*": "dwelt/tabernacled/pitched tent (allusion to tabernacle in OT)", "*etheasametha*": "we beheld/gazed upon/observed", "*doxan*": "glory/splendor/majesty", "*monogenous*": "only-begotten/unique/one-of-a-kind", "*plērēs*": "full/filled/complete", "*charitos*": "grace/favor/goodwill", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality/genuineness" } }
• John 1:18 : 18 { "verseID": "John.1.18", "source": "Θεὸν Οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε· ὁ μονογενὴς Υἱός, ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Πατρός, ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο.", "text": "*Theon Oudeis heōraken pōpote*; the *monogenēs Huios*, the one *ōn* in the *kolpon* of the *Patros*, *ekeinos exēgēsato*.", "grammar": { "*Theon*": "accusative masculine singular - God", "*Oudeis*": "nominative masculine singular - no one", "*heōraken*": "perfect active indicative 3rd person singular of *horaō* - has seen", "*pōpote*": "adverb - at any time/ever", "*monogenēs*": "nominative masculine singular - only-begotten/unique", "*Huios*": "nominative masculine singular - Son", "*ōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular of *eimi* - being/who is", "*kolpon*": "accusative masculine singular - bosom/heart", "*Patros*": "genitive masculine singular - of Father", "*ekeinos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular - that one/he", "*exēgēsato*": "aorist middle indicative 3rd person singular of *exēgeomai* - explained/declared/revealed" }, "variants": { "*heōraken*": "has seen/perceived/experienced", "*monogenēs*": "only-begotten/unique/one-of-a-kind", "*kolpon*": "bosom/chest/heart/intimate position", "*exēgēsato*": "explained/declared/revealed/made known" } }
• John 5:23 : 23 { "verseID": "John.5.23", "source": "Ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσιν τὸν Υἱόν, καθὼς τιμῶσιν τὸν Πατέρα. Ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱόν οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα τὸν πέμψαντα αὐτόν.", "text": "So that all *timōsin* the *Huion*, just as *timōsin* the *Patera*. The one not *timōn* the *Huion* not *tima* the *Patera* the *pempsanta* him.", "grammar": { "*Hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*pantes*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*timōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd plural of *timaō* - may honor", "*Huion*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - Son", "*kathōs*": "comparative conjunction - just as/even as", "*timōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural of *timaō* - they honor", "*Patera*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - Father", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*timōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - honoring", "*tima*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular of *timaō* - honors", "*pempsanta*": "aorist active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - having sent" }, "variants": { "*timōsin*": "may honor/may revere/may respect", "*timōn*": "honoring/revering/respecting", "*pempsanta*": "having sent/who sent" } }
• John 17:24 : 24 { "verseID": "John.17.24", "source": "Πάτερ, οὕς δέδωκάς μοι, θέλω ἵνα ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγώ· κἀκεῖνοι ὦσιν μετʼ ἐμοῦ, ἵνα θεωρῶσιν τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἐμήν, ἣν ἔδωκάς μοι: ὅτι ἠγάπησάς με πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου.", "text": "*Pater*, whom *dedōkas* to me, *thelō* that where *eimi* *egō*; *kakeinoi* *ōsin* with me, that they *theōrōsin* the *doxan* the *emēn*, which *edōkas* to me: because you *ēgapēsas* me before *katabolēs kosmou*.", "grammar": { "*Pater*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Father", "*dedōkas*": "perfect, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you have given", "*thelō*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I wish/desire", "*eimi*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I am", "*egō*": "nominative, singular, personal pronoun - I", "*kakeinoi*": "crasis of *kai* (and) + *ekeinoi* (those) - and those", "*ōsin*": "present, active, subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they may be", "*theōrōsin*": "present, active, subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they may see/behold", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory", "*emēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, possessive adjective - my/mine", "*edōkas*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you gave", "*ēgapēsas*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you loved", "*katabolēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - foundation", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - world" }, "variants": { "*Pater*": "Father", "*dedōkas*": "have given/entrusted/granted", "*thelō*": "wish/desire/want", "*eimi*": "am/exist", "*egō*": "I/myself", "*kakeinoi*": "and those/those also", "*ōsin*": "may be/might become", "*theōrōsin*": "may see/behold/observe", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*emēn*": "my/mine", "*edōkas*": "gave/granted/bestowed", "*ēgapēsas*": "loved/cherished", "*katabolēs kosmou*": "foundation of the world/creation of the universe" } }
• Matt 16:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Matthew.16.27", "source": "Μέλλει γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ· καὶ τότε ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For *mellei* the *Huios* of the *anthrōpou* *erchesthai* in the *doxē* of the *Patros* of him with the *angelōn* of him; and then he will *apodōsei* to each according to the *praxin* of him.", "grammar": { "*mellei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - he is about to", "*Huios*": "nominative singular masculine - Son", "*anthrōpou*": "genitive singular masculine - of man", "*erchesthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to come", "*doxē*": "dative singular feminine - glory", "*Patros*": "genitive singular masculine - of Father", "*angelōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of angels", "*apodōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd person singular - he will repay/reward", "*praxin*": "accusative singular feminine - deed/practice" }, "variants": { "*mellei*": "is about to/will/is going to", "*Huios tou anthrōpou*": "Son of Man (messianic title)", "*erchesthai*": "to come/arrive", "*doxē*": "glory/splendor/honor", "*Patros*": "Father/progenitor", "*angelōn*": "angels/messengers", "*apodōsei*": "will repay/reward/render", "*praxin*": "deed/practice/action" } }
• Isa 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.10", "source": "בּ֣וֹא בַצּ֔וּר וְהִטָּמֵ֖ן בֶּֽעָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵי֙ פַּ֣חַד יְהוָ֔ה וּמֵהֲדַ֖ר גְּאֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Bôʾ* in-the-*ṣûr* and-*hiṭṭāmēn* in-the-*ʿāpār* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾōnô*.", "grammar": { "*bôʾ*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - enter/go", "*ba-ṣṣûr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the rock", "*wə-hiṭṭāmēn*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - and hide yourself", "*be-ʿāpār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the dust", "*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of", "*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of", "*gəʾōnô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty/exaltation" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "enter/go/come", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder", "*hiṭṭāmēn*": "hide yourself/conceal yourself", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/ground/earth", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread", "*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty/honor", "*gəʾōnô*": "his majesty/exaltation/pride" } }
• Isa 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.19", "source": "וּבָ֙אוּ֙ בִּמְעָר֣וֹת צֻרִ֔ים וּבִמְחִלּ֖וֹת עָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And-*bāʾû* into-*məʿārôt* *ṣurîm* and-into-*məḥillôt* *ʿāpār* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾônô* in-*qûmô* to-*laʿărōṣ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*û-bāʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will enter", "*bi-məʿārôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - into caves of", "*ṣurîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rocks", "*û-bi-məḥillôt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - and into holes of", "*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust/ground", "*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of", "*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of", "*gəʾônô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty", "*bə-qûmô*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he rises", "*la-ʿărōṣ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to terrify", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*bāʾû*": "they will enter/come into/go", "*məʿārôt*": "caves/grottos/holes", "*məḥillôt*": "holes/burrows/crevices", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/ground/earth", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread", "*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty", "*gəʾônô*": "his majesty/pride/exaltation", "*qûmô*": "when he rises/stands up/arises", "*laʿărōṣ*": "to terrify/cause to tremble/frighten", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } }
• Isa 2:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.21", "source": "לָבוֹא֙ בְּנִקְר֣וֹת הַצֻּרִ֔ים וּבִסְעִפֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִ֑ים מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "To-*lābôʾ* into-*niqrôt* the-*ṣurîm* and-into-*səʿîpê* the-*səlāʿîm* from-*pənê* *paḥad* *YHWH* and-from-*hădar* *gəʾônô* in-*qûmô* to-*laʿărōṣ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*lā-bôʾ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to enter/go", "*bə-niqrôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - into crevices of", "*ha-ṣṣurîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the rocks", "*û-bi-səʿîpê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and into clefts of", "*ha-səlāʿîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the crags/cliffs", "*mi-pənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/because of", "*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear/terror of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-mē-hădar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from the splendor of", "*gəʾônô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his majesty", "*bə-qûmô*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he rises", "*la-ʿărōṣ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to terrify", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*lābôʾ*": "to enter/come into/go", "*niqrôt*": "crevices/clefts/cracks", "*ṣurîm*": "rocks/crags/boulders", "*səʿîpê*": "clefts/fissures/splits", "*səlāʿîm*": "crags/cliffs/rocks", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*paḥad*": "fear/terror/dread", "*hădar*": "splendor/glory/majesty", "*gəʾônô*": "his majesty/pride/exaltation", "*qûmô*": "when he rises/stands up/arises", "*laʿărōṣ*": "to terrify/cause to tremble/frighten", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } }