Romans 13:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Romans.13.12", "source": "Ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν: ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, καὶ ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.", "text": "The *nyx proekopsen*, the *de hēmera ēngiken*: *apothōmetha oun* the *erga* of the *skotous*, and *endysōmetha* the *hopla* of the *phōtos*.", "grammar": { "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night", "*proekopsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - has advanced/progressed", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*hēmera*": "nominative, feminine, singular - day", "*ēngiken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has drawn near", "*apothōmetha*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put off/away", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*skotous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness", "*endysōmetha*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put on", "*hopla*": "accusative, neuter, plural - weapons/armor", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light" }, "variants": { "*nyx*": "night/darkness", "*proekopsen*": "has advanced/progressed/gone far", "*hēmera*": "day/daylight", "*ēngiken*": "has drawn near/approached/come close", "*apothōmetha*": "let us put off/cast off/lay aside", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*skotous*": "darkness/obscurity", "*endysōmetha*": "let us put on/clothe ourselves with", "*hopla*": "weapons/armor/instruments", "*phōtos*": "light/brightness" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν: ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, καὶ ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.

Transliteration

The nyx proekopsen, the de hēmera ēngiken: apothōmetha oun the erga of the skotous, and endysōmetha the hopla of the phōtos.

Grammar Details

• *nyx*: nominative, feminine, singular - night
• *proekopsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - has advanced/progressed
• *de*: postpositive conjunction - but/and/now
• *hēmera*: nominative, feminine, singular - day
• *ēngiken*: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has drawn near
• *apothōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put off/away
• *oun*: inferential conjunction - therefore/then
• *erga*: accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds
• *skotous*: genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness
• *endysōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put on
• *hopla*: accusative, neuter, plural - weapons/armor
• *phōtos*: genitive, neuter, singular - of light

Word Meanings

• *nyx*: night/darkness
• *proekopsen*: has advanced/progressed/gone far
• *hēmera*: day/daylight
• *ēngiken*: has drawn near/approached/come close
• *apothōmetha*: let us put off/cast off/lay aside
• *erga*: works/deeds/actions
• *skotous*: darkness/obscurity
• *endysōmetha*: let us put on/clothe ourselves with
• *hopla*: weapons/armor/instruments
• *phōtos*: light/brightness

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The night is far gone, and the day is near. So let us cast off the works of darkness and put on the armor of light.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The night is far spent, the day is at hand. Therefore let us cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The night{G3571} is far spent,{G1161} and the day{G2250} is at hand:{G1448} let us{G659} therefore{G3767} cast off{G659} the works{G2041} of darkness,{G4655} and{G2532} let us put on{G1746} the armor{G3696} of light.{G5457}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The night{G3571} is far spent{G4298}{(G5656)},{G1161} the day{G2250} is at hand{G1448}{(G5758)}: let us{G659} therefore{G3767} cast off{G659}{(G5643)} the works{G2041} of darkness{G4655}, and{G2532} let us put on{G1746}{(G5672)} the armour{G3696} of light{G5457}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  The nyght is passed and the daye is come nye. Let us therfore cast awaye the dedes of darcknes and let vs put on the (Armoure) of lyght.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  the nighte is past, but the daye is come nye.) Let vs therfore cast awaye ye workes of darknesse, and put on the armoure of lighte.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The night is past, and the day is at hande, let vs therefore cast away the workes of darkenesse, and let vs put on the armour of light,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The nyght is passed, the day is come nye. Let vs therfore caste away the deedes of darknesse, & let vs put on the armour of lyght.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The night is far gone, and the day is near. Let's therefore throw off the works of darkness, and let's put on the armor of light.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  the night did advance, and the day came nigh; let us lay aside, therefore, the works of the darkness, and let us put on the armour of the light;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The night is far spent, and the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The night is far spent, and the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The night is far gone, and the day is near: so let us put off the works of the dark, arming ourselves with light,

• World English Bible (2000)

  The night is far gone, and the day is near. Let's therefore throw off the works of darkness, and let's put on the armor of light.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The night has advanced toward dawn; the day is near. So then we must lay aside the works of darkness, and put on the weapons of light.

Referenced Verses

• Eph 5:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.11", "source": "Καὶ μὴ συγκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐλέγχετε.", "text": "And *mē sygkoinōneite* the *ergois* the *akarpois* of the *skotous*, *mallon de* also *elenchete*", "grammar": { "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*sygkoinōneite*": "present imperative, active, 2nd plural - participate with/take part in [continuous command]", "*ergois*": "dative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*akarpois*": "dative, neuter, plural - unfruitful/barren", "*skotous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness", "*mallon*": "adverb, comparative - rather/instead", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*elenchete*": "present imperative, active, 2nd plural - expose/reprove [continuous command]" }, "variants": { "*sygkoinōneite*": "participate with/have fellowship with/partake in", "*ergois*": "works/deeds/activities", "*akarpois*": "unfruitful/barren/useless", "*skotous*": "darkness/obscurity", "*mallon*": "rather/instead/more", "*elenchete*": "expose/reprove/refute/convict" } }
• 2 Cor 6:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.7", "source": "Ἐν λόγῳ ἀληθείας, ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ, διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν,", "text": "In *logō* of *alētheias*, in *dynamei* *Theou*, through the *hoplōn* of the *dikaiosynēs* of the *dexiōn* and *aristerōn*,", "grammar": { "*logō*": "dative, masculine, singular - word/speech/account", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of truth", "*dynamei*": "dative, feminine, singular - power/might/strength", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*hoplōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of weapons/armor/instruments", "*dikaiosynēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of righteousness/justice", "*dexiōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of right (hand/side)", "*aristerōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of left (hand/side)" }, "variants": { "*logō*": "word/speech/account/message", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*dynamei*": "power/might/strength/ability", "*hoplōn*": "weapons/armor/instruments/tools", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*dexiōn*": "right (hand/side)/favorable", "*aristerōn*": "left (hand/side)/unfavorable" } }
• Isa 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.20", "source": "בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ־לוֹ֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּר֖וֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃", "text": "In-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ* *yašlîk* the-*ʾādām* *ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *kaspô* and-*ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *zəhābô* which *ʿāśû*-for-him to-*ləhištaḥăwōt*, to-the-*ḥăpōr* *pērôt* and-to-the-*ʿăṭallēpîm*.", "grammar": { "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*yašlîk*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will throw/cast away", "*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*kaspô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his silver", "*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*zəhābô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśû-lô*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made for him", "*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + verb, hishtaphel infinitive construct - to worship/bow down", "*la-ḥăpōr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the mole", "*pērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - rats", "*wə-lā-ʿăṭallēpîm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and to the bats" }, "variants": { "*yašlîk*": "will throw/cast away/discard", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "idols/worthless things/nothings", "*ləhištaḥăwōt*": "to worship/bow down/prostrate oneself", "*ḥăpōr pērôt*": "moles/burrowing animals/rodents", "*ʿăṭallēpîm*": "bats/flying creatures" } }
• Isa 30:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.22", "source": "וְטִמֵּאתֶם אֶת־צִפּוּי פְּסִילֵי כַסְפֶּךָ וְאֶת־אֲפֻדַּת מַסֵּכַת זְהָבֶךָ תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ׃", "text": "And you shall *ṭimmēʾtem* *ʾet* [the] *ṣippûy* of your *pesîlê* of *kaspekā* and *ʾet* [the] *ʾăpuddat* of [the] *massēḵat* of your *zehābeḵā*. You shall *tizrēm* like a *dāwâ*; \"*ṣēʾ*,\" you shall *tōʾmar* to it.", "grammar": { "*ṭimmēʾtem*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will defile", "*ṣippûy*": "masculine singular construct - overlay/plating of", "*pesîlê*": "masculine plural construct - carved images of", "*kaspekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your silver", "*ʾăpuddat*": "feminine singular construct - covering of", "*massēḵat*": "feminine singular construct - molten image of", "*zehābeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gold", "*tizrēm*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will scatter them", "*dāwâ*": "feminine singular noun - menstruous woman", "*ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go out", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will say" }, "variants": { "*ṭimmēʾtem*": "you will defile/make unclean/treat as unclean", "*ṣippûy*": "overlay/plating/covering of", "*pesîlê*": "carved images/idols of", "*kaspekā*": "your silver/money", "*ʾăpuddat*": "covering/wrapping/ephod of", "*massēḵat*": "molten image/cast idol of", "*zehābeḵā*": "your gold", "*tizrēm*": "you will scatter them/disperse them/throw them away", "*dāwâ*": "menstruous woman/impure thing", "*ṣēʾ*": "go out/get out/depart", "*tōʾmar*": "you will say/tell/command" } }
• Ezek 18:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.31", "source": "הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hašlîkû* *mē-* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*kol*-*pišʿêkem* *ʾăšer* *pəšaʿtem* *bām* *wa-* *ʿăśû* *lākem* *lēb* *ḥādāš* *wə-* *rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh* *wə-* *lāmmāh* *tāmûtû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hašlîkû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - cast away", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pišʿêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*pəšaʿtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - make", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective masculine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*ḥădāšāh*": "adjective feminine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tāmûtû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will die", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw off/discard", "*pišʿêkem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your crimes", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/you have rebelled/you have offended", "*lēb* *ḥādāš*": "new heart/renewed mind/transformed inner being", "*rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh*": "new spirit/renewed attitude/transformed disposition" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.32", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הַמֵּ֔ת נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָשִׁ֖יבוּ וִֽחְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *lōʾ* *ʾeḥpōṣ* *bə-* *môt* *ha-mēt* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *wə-* *hāšîbû* *wi-* *ḥyû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I desire", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*môt*": "masculine singular construct - death of", "*ha-mēt*": "definite article with Qal participle masculine singular - the dying/dead", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšîbû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - turn back", "*wi-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥyû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - live" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "desire/take pleasure in/delight in", "*ha-mēt*": "the dying one/the dead/one who dies", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*hāšîbû*": "turn back/repent/return", "*ḥyû*": "live/be alive/experience life" } }
• 1 Thess 5:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.5", "source": "Πάντες ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας: οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς, οὐδὲ σκότους.", "text": "*Pantes hymeis huioi phōtos este*, and *huioi hēmeras*: not *esmen nyktos*, *oude skotous*.", "grammar": { "*Pantes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*hymeis*": "nominative, plural - you", "*huioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - sons", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*este*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you are", "*huioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - sons", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day", "*esmen*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person plural - we are", "*nyktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night", "*oude*": "negative conjunction - nor/neither", "*skotous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness" }, "variants": { "*huioi*": "sons/children (idiomatic for those belonging to or characterized by)", "*phōtos*": "of light/light's", "*nyktos*": "of night/night's", "*skotous*": "of darkness/darkness'" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.6", "source": "Ἄρα οὖν μὴ καθεύδωμεν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποί· ἀλλὰ γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν.", "text": "*Ara oun mē katheudōmen, hōs kai hoi loipoi; alla grēgorōmen kai nēphōmen*.", "grammar": { "*Ara oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore then/so then", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*katheudōmen*": "present, active, subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us sleep/we should sleep", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*kai*": "adverbial - also/even", "*hoi loipoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural with article - the rest/the others", "*alla*": "adversative conjunction - but", "*grēgorōmen*": "present, active, subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us be alert/let us stay awake", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*nēphōmen*": "present, active, subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us be sober/let us be self-controlled" }, "variants": { "*katheudōmen*": "let us sleep/we should sleep (metaphorical for spiritual unawareness)", "*loipoi*": "rest/others/remainder", "*grēgorōmen*": "let us be alert/let us stay awake/let us be vigilant", "*nēphōmen*": "let us be sober/let us be self-controlled/let us be clearheaded" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.7", "source": "Οἱ γὰρ καθεύδοντες νυκτὸς καθεύδουσιν· καὶ οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι νυκτὸς μεθύουσιν.", "text": "*Hoi gar katheudontes nyktos katheudousin*; and *hoi methyskomenoi nyktos methyousin*.", "grammar": { "*Hoi katheudontes*": "nominative, masculine, plural with article - the ones sleeping/those who sleep", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*nyktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night/at night", "*katheudousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they sleep", "*hoi methyskomenoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural with article - the ones getting drunk/those getting drunk", "*nyktos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of night/at night", "*methyousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they are drunk/they get drunk" }, "variants": { "*katheudousin*": "they sleep/they are asleep", "*methyskomenoi*": "getting drunk/becoming intoxicated", "*methyousin*": "they are drunk/they become drunk/they get intoxicated" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.8", "source": "Ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἡμέρας ὄντες, νήφωμεν, ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακα πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης· καὶ περικεφαλαίαν, ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας.", "text": "*Hēmeis de, hēmeras ontes, nēphōmen, endysamenoi thōraka pisteōs kai agapēs*; and *perikephalaian, elpida sōtērias*.", "grammar": { "*Hēmeis*": "nominative, plural - we", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day", "*ontes*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being", "*nēphōmen*": "present, active, subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us be sober/let us be self-controlled", "*endysamenoi*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having put on/having clothed ourselves", "*thōraka*": "accusative, masculine, singular - breastplate", "*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*agapēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of love", "*perikephalaian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - helmet", "*elpida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hope", "*sōtērias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of salvation" }, "variants": { "*ontes*": "being/existing as", "*nēphōmen*": "let us be sober/let us be self-controlled/let us be clearheaded", "*endysamenoi*": "having put on/having clothed ourselves with", "*thōraka*": "breastplate/chest armor", "*pisteōs*": "of faith/of trust", "*agapēs*": "of love/of charity", "*perikephalaian*": "helmet/head protection", "*elpida*": "hope/expectation", "*sōtērias*": "of salvation/of deliverance/of preservation" } }
• Jas 1:21 : 21 { "verseID": "James.1.21", "source": "Διὸ ἀποθέμενοι πᾶσαν ῥυπαρίαν καὶ περισσείαν κακίας, ἐν πραΰτητι δέξασθε τὸν ἔμφυτον λόγον, τὸν δυνάμενον σῶσαι τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν.", "text": "Therefore having *apothemenoi* all *rhyparian* and *perisseian* of *kakias*, in *prautēti* *dexasthe* the *emphyton logon*, the one being able *sōsai* the *psychas* of you.", "grammar": { "*apothemenoi*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having put off", "*rhyparian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - direct object", "*perisseian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - direct object", "*kakias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive (of wickedness)", "*prautēti*": "dative, feminine, singular - manner (in meekness)", "*dexasthe*": "aorist, middle, imperative, 2nd person plural - receive", "*emphyton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - adjective modifying *logon*", "*logon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object", "*sōsai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to save", "*psychas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - direct object" }, "variants": { "*apothemenoi*": "having put off/having stripped off/having laid aside", "*rhyparian*": "filthiness/impurity/moral uncleanness", "*perisseian*": "abundance/overflow/excess", "*kakias*": "evil/wickedness/malice", "*prautēti*": "meekness/gentleness/humility", "*dexasthe*": "receive/accept/welcome", "*emphyton*": "implanted/engrafted/innate", "*logon*": "word/message", "*sōsai*": "to save/to rescue/to deliver", "*psychas*": "souls/lives/selves" } }
• Eph 6:11-18 : 11 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.11", "source": "Ἐνδύσασθε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὸ δύνασθαι ὑμᾶς στῆναι πρὸς τὰς μεθοδείας τοῦ διαβόλου.", "text": "*Endysasthe* the *panoplian* of the *Theou*, *pros* the *dynasthai* you *stēnai pros* the *methodeias* of the *diabolou*.", "grammar": { "*Endysasthe*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person plural, middle - put on/clothe yourselves [single, decisive action]", "*panoplian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - full armor/complete equipment", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - for/toward", "*dynasthai*": "present infinitive, middle - to be able", "*stēnai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to stand/withstand", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - against", "*methodeias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - schemes/stratagems", "*diabolou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of devil/slanderer" }, "variants": { "*Endysasthe*": "put on/clothe yourselves/dress in", "*panoplian*": "full armor/complete equipment/entire arsenal", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*pros*": "for/toward/in order to", "*dynasthai*": "to be able/to have power/to be capable", "*stēnai*": "to stand/withstand/hold your ground", "*pros*": "against/in opposition to", "*methodeias*": "schemes/stratagems/crafty methods/tactics", "*diabolou*": "devil/slanderer/accuser" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.12", "source": "Ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἡ πάλη πρὸς αἷμα καὶ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰς ἀρχάς, πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας, πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, πρὸς τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις.", "text": "*Hoti ouk estin* to us the *palē pros haima* and *sarka*, but *pros* the *archas*, *pros* the *exousias*, *pros* the *kosmokratoras* of the *skotous* of the *aiōnos* this, *pros* the *pneumatika* of the *ponērias* in the *epouraniois*.", "grammar": { "*Hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ouk estin*": "negative + present indicative, 3rd person singular - is not", "*palē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wrestling/struggle", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - against", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*sarka*": "accusative, feminine, singular - flesh", "*archas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - rulers/principalities/beginning authorities", "*exousias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - authorities/powers", "*kosmokratoras*": "accusative, masculine, plural - world rulers", "*skotous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness", "*aiōnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of age/world", "*pneumatika*": "accusative, neuter, plural - spiritual forces/beings", "*ponērias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of evil/wickedness", "*epouraniois*": "dative, neuter, plural - in heavenly places/realms" }, "variants": { "*Hoti*": "because/for/that", "*palē*": "wrestling/struggle/conflict", "*haima*": "blood [metonymy for human beings]", "*sarka*": "flesh [physical nature/humanity]", "*archas*": "rulers/principalities/beginning authorities", "*exousias*": "authorities/powers/ruling entities", "*kosmokratoras*": "world rulers/cosmic powers/world dominators", "*skotous*": "darkness/obscurity", "*aiōnos*": "age/world/era", "*pneumatika*": "spiritual forces/beings/things", "*ponērias*": "evil/wickedness/malice", "*epouraniois*": "heavenly places/realms/celestial regions" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.13", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ, καὶ ἅπαντα κατεργασάμενοι, στῆναι.", "text": "*Dia touto analabete* the *panoplian* of the *Theou*, *hina dynēthēte antistēnai* in the *hēmera* the *ponēra*, and *hapanta katergasamenoi*, *stēnai*.", "grammar": { "*Dia touto*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - because of this/therefore", "*analabete*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person plural - take up/pick up [single, decisive action]", "*panoplian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - full armor/complete equipment", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that [purpose]", "*dynēthēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural, passive - you may be able", "*antistēnai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to withstand/resist", "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*ponēra*": "dative, feminine, singular - evil/wicked", "*hapanta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things/everything", "*katergasamenoi*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural, middle - having accomplished/completed", "*stēnai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to stand" }, "variants": { "*Dia touto*": "because of this/therefore/for this reason", "*analabete*": "take up/pick up/receive", "*panoplian*": "full armor/complete equipment/entire arsenal", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*dynēthēte*": "you may be able/you might have power", "*antistēnai*": "to withstand/resist/stand against", "*hēmera*": "day/time/period", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*hapanta*": "all things/everything/every matter", "*katergasamenoi*": "having accomplished/completed/worked out", "*stēnai*": "to stand/remain standing/hold your ground" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.14", "source": "Στῆτε οὖν, περιζωσάμενοι τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης·", "text": "*Stēte oun*, *perizōsamenoi* the *osphyn* of you in *alētheia*, and *endysamenoi* the *thōraka* of the *dikaiosynēs*;", "grammar": { "*Stēte*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person plural - stand [single, decisive action]", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore/then", "*perizōsamenoi*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural, middle - having girded/belted", "*osphyn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - waist/loins", "*alētheia*": "dative, feminine, singular - truth", "*endysamenoi*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural, middle - having put on", "*thōraka*": "accusative, masculine, singular - breastplate", "*dikaiosynēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of righteousness/justice" }, "variants": { "*Stēte*": "stand/stand firm/hold your position", "*oun*": "therefore/then/consequently", "*perizōsamenoi*": "having girded/belted/fastened around", "*osphyn*": "waist/loins/mid-section", "*alētheia*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*endysamenoi*": "having put on/clothed yourselves", "*thōraka*": "breastplate/chest armor", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/right conduct" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.15", "source": "Καὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης·", "text": "And *hypodēsamenoi* the *podas* in *hetoimasia* of the *euangeliou* of the *eirēnēs*;", "grammar": { "*hypodēsamenoi*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural, middle - having shod/put on shoes", "*podas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - feet", "*hetoimasia*": "dative, feminine, singular - readiness/preparation", "*euangeliou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of gospel/good news", "*eirēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of peace" }, "variants": { "*hypodēsamenoi*": "having shod/put on shoes/equipped", "*podas*": "feet/lower extremities", "*hetoimasia*": "readiness/preparation/foundation", "*euangeliou*": "gospel/good news/glad tidings", "*eirēnēs*": "peace/harmony/tranquility" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.16", "source": "Ἐπὶ πᾶσιν, ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως, ἐν ᾧ δυνήσεσθε πάντα τὰ βέλη τοῦ πονηροῦ τὰ πεπυρωμένα σβέσαι.", "text": "Upon *pasin*, *analabontes* the *thyreon* of the *pisteōs*, in which *dynēsesthe panta* the *belē* of the *ponērou* the *pepyrōmena sbesai*.", "grammar": { "*pasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - all/all things", "*analabontes*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having taken up", "*thyreon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - shield", "*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith/belief", "*dynēsesthe*": "future indicative, 2nd person plural, middle - you will be able", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all", "*belē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - arrows/darts", "*ponērou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of evil one/wicked one", "*pepyrōmena*": "perfect participle, accusative, neuter, plural, passive - having been set on fire", "*sbesai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to extinguish/quench" }, "variants": { "*pasin*": "all/all things/every [circumstance]", "*analabontes*": "having taken up/picked up/received", "*thyreon*": "shield/large shield [door-shaped]", "*pisteōs*": "faith/belief/trust", "*dynēsesthe*": "you will be able/you will have power", "*belē*": "arrows/darts/missiles", "*ponērou*": "evil one/wicked one [Satan]", "*pepyrōmena*": "having been set on fire/inflamed/burning", "*sbesai*": "to extinguish/quench/put out" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.17", "source": "Καὶ τὴν περικεφαλαίαν τοῦ σωτηρίου δέξασθε, καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα Θεοῦ:", "text": "And the *perikephalaian* of the *sōtēriou dexasthe*, and the *machairan* of the *Pneumatos*, which *estin rhēma Theou*:", "grammar": { "*perikephalaian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - helmet", "*sōtēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of salvation", "*dexasthe*": "aorist imperative, 2nd person plural, middle - receive/take [single, decisive action]", "*machairan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sword", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of Spirit", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*rhēma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - word/utterance", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God" }, "variants": { "*perikephalaian*": "helmet/head covering", "*sōtēriou*": "salvation/deliverance/rescue", "*dexasthe*": "receive/take/accept", "*machairan*": "sword/short sword/dagger", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/spirit [divine]", "*rhēma*": "word/utterance/saying/spoken word", "*Theou*": "God/deity" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.18", "source": "Διὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσευχόμενοι ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἐν Πνεύματι, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἀγρυπνοῦντες ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει καὶ δεήσει περὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων·", "text": "Through *pasēs proseuchēs* and *deēseōs proseuchomenoi* in *panti kairō* in *Pneumati*, and *eis auto touto agrypnountes* in *pasē proskarterēsei* and *deēsei peri pantōn tōn hagiōn*;", "grammar": { "*pasēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - all/every", "*proseuchēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - prayer", "*deēseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - petition/supplication", "*proseuchomenoi*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural, middle - praying [continuous action]", "*panti*": "dative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*kairō*": "dative, masculine, singular - time/season/opportunity", "*Pneumati*": "dative, neuter, singular - in Spirit", "*eis auto touto*": "preposition + accusative, neuter, singular + demonstrative, accusative, neuter, singular - unto this same thing", "*agrypnountes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural, active - being watchful/vigilant [continuous action]", "*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular - all/every", "*proskarterēsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - perseverance/persistence", "*deēsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - petition/supplication", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*pantōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - all", "*hagiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - holy ones/saints" }, "variants": { "*pasēs*": "all/every kind of", "*proseuchēs*": "prayer/entreaty", "*deēseōs*": "petition/supplication/request", "*proseuchomenoi*": "praying/entreating", "*panti*": "every/all/each", "*kairō*": "time/season/opportunity/moment", "*Pneumati*": "Spirit/spirit [divine]", "*eis auto touto*": "unto this same thing/for this very purpose", "*agrypnountes*": "being watchful/vigilant/staying alert", "*proskarterēsei*": "perseverance/persistence/steadfastness", "*deēsei*": "petition/supplication/request", "*hagiōn*": "holy ones/saints/sanctified ones" } }
• Col 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.8", "source": "Νυνὶ δὲ ἀπόθεσθε καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ πάντα· ὀργήν, θυμόν, κακίαν, βλασφημίαν, αἰσχρολογίαν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν.", "text": "*Nyni* *de* *apothesthe* also you the *panta*: *orgēn*, *thymon*, *kakian*, *blasphēmian*, *aischrologian* from the *stomatos* of you.", "grammar": { "*nyni*": "temporal adverb - now", "*de*": "contrastive particle - but/now", "*apothesthe*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd person plural - put off/put away", "*kai*": "adverbial conjunction - also/even", "*hymeis*": "nominative, 2nd person plural pronoun - you", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things", "*orgēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*thymon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - rage/passionate anger", "*kakian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - malice/evil", "*blasphēmian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - blasphemy/slander", "*aischrologian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - filthy language/obscene speech", "*ek*": "preposition with genitive - from/out of", "*stomatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - mouth", "*hymōn*": "genitive, 2nd person plural pronoun - of you/your" }, "variants": { "*apothesthe*": "put off/put away/remove", "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*thymon*": "rage/passionate anger/fury", "*kakian*": "malice/evil/wickedness", "*blasphēmian*": "blasphemy/slander/defamation", "*aischrologian*": "filthy language/obscene speech/abusive speech" } } 9 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.9", "source": "Μὴ ψεύδεσθε εἰς ἀλλήλους, ἀπεκδυσάμενοι τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς πράξεσιν αὐτοῦ·", "text": "Not *pseudesthe* to *allēlous*, having *apekdysamenoi* the *palaion anthropon* *syn* the *praxesin* of him;", "grammar": { "*Mē*": "negative particle with imperative - do not", "*pseudesthe*": "present middle imperative, 2nd person plural - lie", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - one another", "*apekdysamenoi*": "aorist middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having stripped off", "*palaion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - old", "*anthropon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*syn*": "preposition with dative - with", "*praxesin*": "dative, feminine, plural - practices/deeds", "*autou*": "genitive, 3rd person singular masculine pronoun - of him/its" }, "variants": { "*pseudesthe*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*apekdysamenoi*": "having stripped off/having put off/having removed", "*palaion anthropon*": "old man/old self/former nature", "*praxesin*": "practices/deeds/activities" } } 10 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.10", "source": "Καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν νέον, τὸν ἀνακαινούμενον εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν κατʼ εἰκόνα τοῦ κτίσαντος αὐτόν:", "text": "And having *endysamenoi* the *neon*, the one being *anakainoumenon* to *epignōsin* according to *eikona* of the one having *ktisantos* him:", "grammar": { "*endysamenoi*": "aorist middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having put on", "*neon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - new", "*anakainoumenon*": "present passive participle, accusative, masculine, singular - being renewed", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - unto/to/into", "*epignōsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - knowledge/full knowledge", "*kat'*": "preposition with accusative - according to", "*eikona*": "accusative, feminine, singular - image/likeness", "*ktisantos*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - of the one having created", "*auton*": "accusative, 3rd person singular masculine pronoun - him/it" }, "variants": { "*endysamenoi*": "having put on/having clothed with/having assumed", "*neon*": "new/fresh/recent man/self", "*anakainoumenon*": "being renewed/being restored/being made new", "*epignōsin*": "knowledge/full knowledge/recognition", "*eikona*": "image/likeness/representation", "*ktisantos*": "having created/having formed/having made" } } 11 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.11", "source": "Ὅπου οὐκ ἔνι Ἕλλην καὶ Ἰουδαῖος, περιτομὴ καὶ ἀκροβυστία, Βάρβαρος, Σκύθης, δοῦλος, ἐλεύθερος: ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν Χριστός.", "text": "Where not *eni* *Hellēn* and *Ioudaios*, *peritomē* and *akrobystia*, *Barbaros*, *Skythēs*, *doulos*, *eleutheros*: but the *panta* and in *pasin* *Christos*.", "grammar": { "*Hopou*": "relative adverb - where", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*eni*": "contracted form of present active indicative, 3rd person singular - there is", "*Hellēn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Greek", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*Ioudaios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jew", "*peritomē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*akrobystia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - uncircumcision", "*Barbaros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Barbarian", "*Skythēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Scythian", "*doulos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - slave", "*eleutheros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - free person", "*alla*": "contrastive conjunction - but", "*panta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - all things", "*pasin*": "dative, masculine, plural - in all", "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ" }, "variants": { "*eni*": "there is/exists", "*Hellēn*": "Greek/Gentile/non-Jew", "*Ioudaios*": "Jew/Jewish person", "*peritomē*": "circumcision/circumcised people", "*akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/uncircumcised people", "*Barbaros*": "Barbarian/non-Greek speaker/foreigner", "*Skythēs*": "Scythian/nomadic people considered uncivilized", "*doulos*": "slave/servant/bondservant", "*eleutheros*": "free person/freedman", "*panta*": "all things/everything" } } 12 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.12", "source": "Ἐνδύσασθε οὖν, ὡς ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἅγιοι καὶ ἠγαπημένοι, σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμῶν, χρηστότητα, ταπεινοφροσύνην, πρᾳότητα, μακροθυμίαν·", "text": "*Endysasthe* *oun*, as *eklektoi* of the *Theou*, *hagioi* and having been *ēgapēmenoi*, *splanchna* of *oiktirmōn*, *chrēstotēta*, *tapeinophrosynēn*, *praotēta*, *makrothymian*;", "grammar": { "*endysasthe*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd person plural - put on/clothe yourselves with", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*eklektoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - chosen/elect ones", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*hagioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - holy ones/saints", "*ēgapēmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been loved", "*splanchna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - inward affections/bowels/heart", "*oiktirmōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of compassions/mercies", "*chrēstotēta*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kindness", "*tapeinophrosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - humility", "*praotēta*": "accusative, feminine, singular - gentleness/meekness", "*makrothymian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - patience/longsuffering" }, "variants": { "*endysasthe*": "put on/clothe yourselves with/wear", "*eklektoi*": "chosen/elect/selected ones", "*hagioi*": "holy ones/saints/set apart ones", "*ēgapēmenoi*": "having been loved/beloved", "*splanchna oiktirmōn*": "heart of compassion/tender mercies/compassionate heart", "*chrēstotēta*": "kindness/goodness/benevolence", "*tapeinophrosynēn*": "humility/lowliness of mind/modesty", "*praotēta*": "gentleness/meekness/mildness", "*makrothymian*": "patience/longsuffering/forbearance" } } 13 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.13", "source": "Ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων, καὶ χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς, ἐάν τις πρός τινα ἔχῃ μομφήν: καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐχαρίσατο ὑμῖν, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς.", "text": "*Anechomenoi* of *allēlōn*, and *charizomenoi* to *heautois*, if *tis* against *tina* *echē* *momphēn*: even as also the *Christos* *echarisato* to you, thus also you.", "grammar": { "*anechomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - bearing with/enduring", "*allēlōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of one another", "*charizomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - forgiving", "*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - to yourselves/one another", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*tis*": "nominative, masculine, singular, indefinite pronoun - anyone", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - against/toward", "*tina*": "accusative, masculine, singular, indefinite pronoun - anyone", "*echē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might have", "*momphēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - complaint/blame", "*kathōs*": "comparative adverb - even as", "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ", "*echarisato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - forgave/graciously gave", "*hymin*": "dative, 2nd person plural pronoun - to you", "*houtōs*": "demonstrative adverb - thus/so", "*hymeis*": "nominative, 2nd person plural pronoun - you" }, "variants": { "*anechomenoi*": "bearing with/enduring/putting up with", "*charizomenoi*": "forgiving/showing grace to/being gracious to", "*momphēn*": "complaint/blame/grievance", "*echarisato*": "forgave/graciously gave/showed favor" } } 14 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.14", "source": "Ἐπὶ πᾶσιν δὲ τούτοις τὴν ἀγάπην, ἥτις ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος.", "text": "*Epi* *pasin* *de* these the *agapēn*, which *estin* *syndesmos* of the *teleiotētos*.", "grammar": { "*epi*": "preposition with dative - upon/over/in addition to", "*pasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - all things", "*de*": "continuative/transitional particle - and/but/now", "*toutois*": "dative, neuter, plural, demonstrative pronoun - these", "*agapēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - love", "*hētis*": "relative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - which", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*syndesmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - bond/ligament", "*teleiotētos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of perfection/completeness" }, "variants": { "*agapēn*": "love/charity/benevolence", "*syndesmos*": "bond/binding/unifying force/ligament", "*teleiotētos*": "perfection/completeness/maturity" } } 15 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.15", "source": "Καὶ ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν, εἰς ἣν καὶ ἐκλήθητε ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι· καὶ εὐχάριστοι γίνεσθε.", "text": "And the *eirēnē* of the *Theou* *brabeuetō* in the *kardiais* of you, to which also you *eklēthēte* in one *sōmati*; and *eucharistoi* *ginesthe*.", "grammar": { "*eirēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - peace", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*brabeuetō*": "present active imperative, 3rd person singular - let rule/arbitrate", "*kardiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*hymōn*": "genitive, 2nd person plural pronoun - of you/your", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - to/into", "*hēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, relative pronoun - which", "*eklēthēte*": "aorist passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you were called", "*heni*": "dative, neuter, singular - one", "*sōmati*": "dative, neuter, singular - body", "*eucharistoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - thankful/grateful", "*ginesthe*": "present middle imperative, 2nd person plural - become/be" }, "variants": { "*eirēnē*": "peace/harmony/tranquility", "*brabeuetō*": "let rule/arbitrate/decide/govern", "*kardiais*": "hearts/minds/inner selves", "*eklēthēte*": "were called/invited/summoned", "*sōmati*": "body/community/group", "*eucharistoi*": "thankful/grateful/appreciative", "*ginesthe*": "become/be/prove to be" } } 16 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.16", "source": "Ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνοικείτω ἐν ὑμῖν πλουσίως ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ· διδάσκοντες καὶ νουθετοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ψαλμοῖς καὶ ὕμνοις καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς, ἐν χάριτι ᾄδοντες ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν τῷ Κυρίῳ.", "text": "The *logos* of the *Christou* *enoikeitō* in you *plousiōs* in all *sophia*; *didaskontes* and *nouthetountes* *heautous* with *psalmois* and *hymnois* and *ōdais* *pneumatikais*, in *chariti* *adontes* in the *kardia* of you to the *Kyriō*.", "grammar": { "*logos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - word", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Christ", "*enoikeitō*": "present active imperative, 3rd person singular - let dwell/indwell", "*hymin*": "dative, 2nd person plural pronoun - in you", "*plousiōs*": "adverb - richly/abundantly", "*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular - all/every", "*sophia*": "dative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*didaskontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - teaching", "*nouthetountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - admonishing", "*heautous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - yourselves/one another", "*psalmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - psalms", "*hymnois*": "dative, masculine, plural - hymns", "*ōdais*": "dative, feminine, plural - songs/odes", "*pneumatikais*": "dative, feminine, plural - spiritual", "*chariti*": "dative, feminine, singular - grace/gratitude", "*adontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - singing", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*hymōn*": "genitive, 2nd person plural pronoun - of you/your", "*Kyriō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to the Lord" }, "variants": { "*logos*": "word/message/teaching", "*enoikeitō*": "let dwell/inhabit/live in", "*plousiōs*": "richly/abundantly/fully", "*sophia*": "wisdom/skill/insight", "*didaskontes*": "teaching/instructing/educating", "*nouthetountes*": "admonishing/warning/instructing", "*psalmois*": "psalms/songs from scripture", "*hymnois*": "hymns/songs of praise", "*ōdais pneumatikais*": "spiritual songs/divinely inspired songs", "*chariti*": "grace/gratitude/thankfulness", "*adontes*": "singing/chanting/making melody" } } 17 { "verseID": "Colossians.3.17", "source": "Καὶ πᾶν ὅ τι ἂν ποιῆτε ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔργῳ, πάντα ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ, εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ διʼ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And everything whatever *an* you *poiēte* in *logō* or in *ergō*, all things in *onomati* of *Kyriou* *Iēsou*, *eucharistountes* to the *Theō* and *Patri* through him.", "grammar": { "*pan*": "accusative, neuter, singular - everything/all", "*ho ti an*": "relative clause introducing indefinite condition - whatever", "*poiēte*": "present active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you may do", "*logō*": "dative, masculine, singular - word/speech", "*ē*": "disjunctive particle - or", "*ergō*": "dative, neuter, singular - work/deed", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things", "*onomati*": "dative, neuter, singular - name", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jesus", "*eucharistountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - giving thanks", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*Patri*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Father", "*di'*": "preposition with genitive - through", "*autou*": "genitive, 3rd person singular masculine pronoun - him" }, "variants": { "*poiēte*": "do/perform/practice", "*logō*": "word/speech/saying", "*ergō*": "work/deed/action", "*onomati*": "name/authority/person", "*eucharistountes*": "giving thanks/expressing gratitude" } }
• 1 John 2:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "1 John.2.8", "source": "Πάλιν, ἐντολὴν καινὴν γράφω ὑμῖν, ὅ ἐστιν ἀληθὲς ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν: ὅτι ἡ σκοτία παράγεται, καὶ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν ἤδη φαίνει.", "text": "Again, *entolēn kainēn graphō* to you, which *estin alēthes* in him and in you: because the *skotia paragetai*, and the *phōs* the *alēthinon ēdē phainei*.", "grammar": { "*entolēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - commandment/instruction", "*kainēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - new/fresh", "*graphō*": "present, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I write/am writing", "*estin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - is", "*alēthes*": "nominative, neuter, singular - true/genuine", "*skotia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*paragetai*": "present, indicative, middle/passive, 3rd person singular - is passing away", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*alēthinon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - true/genuine/real", "*ēdē*": "adverb - already/now", "*phainei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - shines/appears" }, "variants": { "*entolēn*": "commandment/instruction/order/charge", "*kainēn*": "new/fresh/novel/unused", "*alēthes*": "true/genuine/valid/reliable", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*paragetai*": "is passing away/disappearing/coming to an end", "*phōs*": "light/illumination/radiance", "*alēthinon*": "true/genuine/real/authentic", "*phainei*": "shines/appears/gives light/becomes visible" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 John.2.9", "source": "Ὁ λέγων ἐν τῷ φωτὶ εἶναι, καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ μισῶν, ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστὶν ἕως ἄρτι.", "text": "The one *legōn* in the *phōti einai*, and the *adelphon* of him *misōn*, in the *skotia estin heōs arti*.", "grammar": { "*legōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - saying/claiming", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light", "*einai*": "present, infinitive - to be/exist", "*adelphon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - brother/fellow believer", "*misōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - hating/detesting", "*skotia*": "dative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*estin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*heōs*": "preposition/conjunction - until/as far as", "*arti*": "adverb - now/at present" }, "variants": { "*legōn*": "saying/claiming/declaring/asserting", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/understanding/goodness", "*adelphon*": "brother/fellow believer/sibling", "*misōn*": "hating/detesting/disliking strongly", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*heōs arti*": "until now/still/yet/even now" } }
• Rev 1:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.1.3", "source": "Μακάριος ὁ ἀναγινώσκων, καὶ οἱ ἀκούοντες τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας, καὶ τηροῦντες τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ γεγραμμένα: ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς ἐγγύς.", "text": "*Makarios* the one *anaginōskōn*, and the ones *akouontes* the *logous* of the *prophēteias*, and *tērountes* the things in it *gegrammena*: for the *kairos* is *engys*.", "grammar": { "*Makarios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - blessed/happy", "*anaginōskōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - reading", "*akouontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - hearing", "*logous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - words", "*prophēteias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - prophecy", "*tērountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - keeping/observing", "*gegrammena*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, plural - having been written", "*kairos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - time/season/opportunity", "*engys*": "adverb - near" }, "variants": { "*Makarios*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*tērountes*": "keeping/observing/obeying", "*kairos*": "time/season/appointed time" } }
• Rev 22:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.22.10", "source": "Καὶ λέγει μοι, Μὴ σφραγίσῃς τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου: ὅτι ὁ καιρὸς ἐγγύς ἐστιν.", "text": "And *legei* to me, Not *sphragisēs* the *logous* of the *prophēteias* of the *bibliou toutou*: for the *kairos engys estin*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says", "*sphragisēs*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular - you should seal", "*logous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - words", "*prophēteias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of prophecy", "*bibliou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of book/scroll", "*toutou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of this", "*kairos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - time/season", "*engys*": "adverb - near/at hand", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*sphragisēs*": "seal up/close/secure with a seal", "*kairos*": "time/appointed time/season/opportunity", "*engys*": "near/at hand/approaching" } }
• John 3:19-21 : 19 { "verseID": "John.3.19", "source": "Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς, ἦν γὰρ πονηρὰ αὐτῶν τὰ ἔργα.", "text": "*Hautē de estin hē krisis*, that the *phōs elēlythen eis ton kosmon*, and *ēgapēsan hoi anthrōpoi mallon to skotos ē to phōs*, for was *ponēra autōn ta erga*.", "grammar": { "*Hautē*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - this", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is", "*krisis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*elēlythen*": "perfect, 3rd singular - has come", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*kosmon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - world", "*ēgapēsan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - loved", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/people", "*mallon*": "adverb - rather/more", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*ē*": "conjunction - than", "*ēn*": "imperfect, 3rd singular - were", "*ponēra*": "nominative, neuter, plural - evil", "*autōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - their", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*krisis*": "judgment/verdict/separation", "*phōs*": "light/illumination [metaphor for revelation/truth]", "*skotos*": "darkness/obscurity [metaphor for evil/ignorance]", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/bad/corrupt" } } 20 { "verseID": "John.3.20", "source": "Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων μισεῖ τὸ φῶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For *pas ho phaula prassōn misei to phōs*, and not *erchetai pros to phōs*, so that not *elegchthē ta erga autou*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone/all", "*phaula*": "accusative, neuter, plural - evil/worthless things", "*prassōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - doing/practicing", "*misei*": "present, 3rd singular - hates", "*phōs*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*erchetai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - comes", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*elegchthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be exposed", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - his" }, "variants": { "*phaula*": "worthless/evil/bad/base things", "*prassōn*": "practicing/doing/performing", "*misei*": "hates/detests", "*elegchthē*": "might be exposed/reproved/convicted" } } 21 { "verseID": "John.3.21", "source": "Ὁ δὲ ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα, ὅτι ἐν Θεῷ ἐστιν εἰργασμένα.", "text": "But the one *poiōn tēn alētheian erchetai pros to phōs*, so that *phanerōthē autou ta erga, hoti en Theō estin eirgasmena*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*poiōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - doing", "*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth", "*erchetai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - comes", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*phōs*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*phanerōthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be manifested", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - his", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that/because", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - God", "*estin eirgasmena*": "perfect, passive, participle, nominative, neuter, plural - have been worked/done" }, "variants": { "*poiōn tēn alētheian*": "doing the truth/practicing truth/living truthfully", "*phanerōthē*": "might be manifested/shown/revealed", "*eirgasmena*": "worked/performed/done/accomplished" } }
• Rom 13:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Romans.13.14", "source": "Ἀλλʼ ἐνδύσασθε τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, καὶ τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε, εἰς ἐπιθυμίας.", "text": "But *endysasthe* the *Kyrion Iēsoun Christon*, and of the *sarkos pronoian* not *poieisthe*, for *epithymias*.", "grammar": { "*endysasthe*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural - put on/clothe yourselves with", "*Kyrion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Christ", "*sarkos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of flesh", "*pronoian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - provision/forethought", "*poieisthe*": "present middle/passive imperative, 2nd plural - make/do", "*epithymias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - desires/lusts" }, "variants": { "*endysasthe*": "put on/clothe yourselves with", "*Kyrion*": "Lord/Master", "*sarkos*": "flesh/body/human nature", "*pronoian*": "provision/forethought/care", "*poieisthe*": "make/do/provide", "*epithymias*": "desires/lusts/cravings/passions" } }
• Eph 4:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Ephesians.4.22", "source": "Ἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον, τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης·", "text": "To *apothesthai* you according to the former *anastrophēn* the *palaion anthrōpon*, the one being *phtheiromenon* according to the *epithymias* of the *apatēs*;", "grammar": { "*apothesthai*": "aorist middle infinitive - to put off/lay aside", "you": "accusative plural - you (as subject of infinitive)", "former": "accusative feminine singular - former/previous", "*anastrophēn*": "accusative feminine singular - conduct/manner of life", "*palaion*": "accusative masculine singular - old", "*anthrōpon*": "accusative masculine singular - man/person", "*phtheiromenon*": "present passive participle, accusative masculine singular - being corrupted/destroyed", "*epithymias*": "accusative feminine plural - desires/lusts", "*apatēs*": "genitive feminine singular - of deceit/deception" }, "variants": { "*apothesthai*": "put off/lay aside/remove", "*anastrophēn*": "conduct/manner of life/behavior", "*palaion anthrōpon*": "old man/old self/former nature", "*phtheiromenon*": "being corrupted/destroyed/ruined", "*epithymias*": "desires/lusts/cravings", "*apatēs*": "deceit/deception/seduction" } }
• Job 24:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "Job.24.14", "source": "לָא֡וֹר יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וּ֝בַלַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַגַּנָּֽב", "text": "At *ʾôr yāqûm rôṣēaḥ yiqṭāl-ʿānî wəʾebyôn ûballaylâ yəhî ḵaggannāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *lə* - 'at light/daybreak'", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he rises'", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/killer'", "*yiqṭāl-ʿānî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular - 'he kills poor'", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular - 'and needy'", "*ûballaylâ*": "conjunction *û* + preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'and in the night'", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - 'he is/becomes'", "*ḵaggannāb*": "preposition *kə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'like the thief'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/daybreak/dawn", "*yāqûm*": "rises/gets up/stands", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/killer", "*yiqṭāl*": "kills/murders/slays", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/beggar", "*ballaylâ*": "in the night/during darkness", "*yəhî*": "is/becomes/acts", "*ḵaggannāb*": "like the thief/as a robber" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.24.15", "source": "וְעֵ֤ין נֹאֵ֨ף ׀ שָׁ֤מְרָֽה נֶ֣שֶׁף לֵ֭אמֹר לֹא־תְשׁוּרֵ֣נִי עָ֑יִן וְסֵ֖תֶר פָּנִ֣ים יָשִֽׂים", "text": "And *ʿên nōʾēp šāmərâ nešep lēʾmōr lōʾ-təšûrēnî ʿāyin wəsēter pānîm yāśîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿên*": "noun feminine singular construct - 'eye of'", "*nōʾēp*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'adulterer'", "*šāmərâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'watches/waits for'", "*nešep*": "noun masculine singular - 'twilight/dusk'", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - 'saying'", "*lōʾ-təšûrēnî*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - 'will not see me'", "*ʿāyin*": "noun feminine singular - 'eye'", "*wəsēter*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular construct - 'and covering of'", "*pānîm*": "noun masculine plural - 'face'", "*yāśîm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he places/sets'" }, "variants": { "*ʿên*": "eye/sight", "*nōʾēp*": "adulterer/one who commits adultery", "*šāmərâ*": "watches/waits for/observes", "*nešep*": "twilight/dusk/darkness", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/thinking", "*təšûrēnî*": "will see me/will look at me/will observe me", "*ʿāyin*": "eye/sight", "*sēter*": "covering/hiding place/disguise", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/person", "*yāśîm*": "places/sets/puts" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.24.16", "source": "חָתַ֥ר בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים יוֹמָ֥ם חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗מוֹ לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר", "text": "He *ḥātar baḥōšeḵ bāttîm yômām ḥittəmû-lāmô lōʾ-yādəʿû ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*ḥātar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he digs through'", "*baḥōšeḵ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'in the darkness'", "*bāttîm*": "noun masculine plural - 'houses'", "*yômām*": "adverb - 'by day'", "*ḥittəmû-lāmô*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural + preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'they seal for themselves'", "*lōʾ-yādəʿû*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they do not know'", "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular - 'light'" }, "variants": { "*ḥātar*": "digs through/breaks into", "*baḥōšeḵ*": "in the darkness/during night", "*bāttîm*": "houses/homes/dwellings", "*yômām*": "by day/during daylight", "*ḥittəmû-lāmô*": "they seal for themselves/they shut themselves up", "*yādəʿû*": "know/recognize/acknowledge", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.24.17", "source": "כִּ֤י יַחְדָּ֨ו ׀ בֹּ֣קֶר לָ֣מוֹ צַלְמָ֑וֶת כִּֽי־יַ֝כִּ֗יר בַּלְה֥וֹת צַלְמָֽוֶת", "text": "For *yaḥdāw bōqer lāmô ṣalmāwet kî-yakkîr balhôt ṣalmāwet*", "grammar": { "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - 'together/alike'", "*bōqer*": "noun masculine singular - 'morning'", "*lāmô*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to them'", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun masculine singular - 'deep darkness/shadow of death'", "*kî-yakkîr*": "conjunction *kî* + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'for he recognizes/knows'", "*balhôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - 'terrors of'", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun masculine singular - 'deep darkness/shadow of death'" }, "variants": { "*yaḥdāw*": "together/alike/all of them", "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak/dawn", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/thick darkness", "*yakkîr*": "recognizes/knows/is familiar with", "*balhôt*": "terrors/sudden terrors/alarms" } }
• Song 2:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Song of Songs.2.17", "source": "עַ֤ד שֶׁיָּפ֙וּחַ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְנָ֖סוּ הַצְּלָלִ֑ים סֹב֩ דְּמֵה־לְךָ֨ דוֹדִ֜י לִצְבִ֗י א֛וֹ לְעֹ֥פֶר הָאַיָּלִ֖ים עַל־הָ֥רֵי בָֽתֶר׃", "text": "Until *še-yāpûaḥ* the-*yôm* and-*nāsû* the-*ṣəlālîm* *sōb* *dəmēh*-to-you *dôdî* to-*ṣəbî* *ʾô* to-*ʿōper* the-*ʾayyālîm* upon-*hārê* *bāter*", "grammar": { "*še-yāpûaḥ*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect qal verb with relative particle - until it breathes/blows", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*nāsû*": "3rd person plural perfect qal verb with conjunction - and they flee", "*ṣəlālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the shadows", "*sōb*": "2nd person masculine singular imperative qal verb - turn", "*dəmēh*": "2nd person masculine singular imperative qal verb - be like", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my beloved", "*ṣəbî*": "masculine singular noun with prefix *lə* (to) - to gazelle", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ʿōper*": "masculine singular construct noun with prefix *lə* (to) - to young one of", "*ʾayyālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the stags/deer", "*hārê*": "masculine plural construct noun with preposition *ʿal* (upon) - upon mountains of", "*bāter*": "masculine singular noun - separation/division" }, "variants": { "*še-yāpûaḥ ha-yôm*": "until the day breathes/until day breaks/until the day cools", "*dôdî*": "my beloved/my love/my friend", "*ṣəbî*": "gazelle/deer/roe", "*ʿōper ha-ʾayyālîm*": "young stag/fawn/young deer", "*hārê bāter*": "mountains of Bether/mountains of separation/rugged mountains" } }
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Peter.2.1", "source": "¶Ἀποθέμενοι οὖν πᾶσαν κακίαν, καὶ πάντα δόλον, καὶ ὑποκρίσεις, καὶ φθόνους, καὶ πάσας καταλαλιάς,", "text": "*Apothemenoi oun* all *kakian*, and all *dolon*, and *hypokriseis*, and *phthonous*, and all *katalalias*,", "grammar": { "*Apothemenoi*": "aorist middle participle, masculine plural nominative - having put away/laid aside", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*kakian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - malice/evil", "*dolon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - deceit/guile", "*hypokriseis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hypocrisies/pretensions", "*phthonous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - envies/jealousies", "*katalalias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - evil speakings/slanders" }, "variants": { "*Apothemenoi*": "having put away/having stripped off/having laid aside", "*kakian*": "malice/evil/wickedness/ill-will", "*dolon*": "deceit/guile/trickery/craftiness", "*hypokriseis*": "hypocrisies/pretenses/play-acting", "*phthonous*": "envies/jealousies/ill-will", "*katalalias*": "slanders/evil speakings/backbitings" } }
• 1 John 1:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "1 John.1.5", "source": "Καὶ αὕτη ἔστιν ἡ ἀγγελία ἣν ἀκηκόαμεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν, καὶ σκοτία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεμία.", "text": "And this *estin* the *angelia* which we have *akēkoamen* from him, and *anangellomen* to you, that the *Theos* *phōs* *estin*, and *skotia* in him not *estin* not any.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*angelia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - message/announcement", "*akēkoamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have heard [completed action with present relevance]", "*anangellomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we announce/declare [ongoing action]", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*skotia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*oudemia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - not one/none at all [emphatic negation]" }, "variants": { "*estin*": "is/exists/consists of", "*angelia*": "message/announcement/proclamation", "*akēkoamen*": "have heard/listened to/received by hearing", "*anangellomen*": "announce/declare/proclaim/report", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*phōs*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*oudemia*": "none/no/not any/not at all [emphatic negation]" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 John.1.6", "source": "Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τῷ σκότει περιπατῶμεν, ψευδόμεθα, καὶ οὐ ποιοῦμεν τὴν ἀλήθειαν:", "text": "If we *eipōmen* that *koinōnian* we *echomen* with him, and in the *skotei* we *peripatōmen*, we *pseudometha*, and not we *poioumen* the *alētheian*:", "grammar": { "*eipōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might say/claim [potential action]", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/participation", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*skotei*": "dative, neuter, singular - darkness [locative use]", "*peripatōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might walk/conduct ourselves [potential ongoing action]", "*pseudometha*": "present, 1st plural, middle - we lie/speak falsely [ongoing action]", "*poioumen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we do/perform/practice [ongoing action]", "*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth [direct object]" }, "variants": { "*eipōmen*": "might say/declare/claim", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*skotei*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*peripatōmen*": "walk/conduct ourselves/live/behave", "*pseudometha*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*poioumen*": "do/practice/perform/accomplish", "*alētheian*": "truth/reality/genuineness" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 John.1.7", "source": "Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατῶμεν, ὡς αὐτός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ φωτί, κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετʼ ἀλλήλων, καὶ τὸ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαρίζει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "If *de* in the *phōti* we *peripatōmen*, as he *estin* in the *phōti*, *koinōnian* we *echomen* with *allēlōn*, and the *haima* of *Iēsou Christou* the *Huiou* of him *katharizei* us from all *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/moreover [connecting with contrast]", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light [locative use]", "*peripatōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might walk/conduct ourselves [potential ongoing action]", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*allēlōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - one another/each other", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Son", "*katharizei*": "present, 3rd singular, active - cleanses/purifies [ongoing action]", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - sin" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/moreover/yet [contrasting]", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*peripatōmen*": "walk/conduct ourselves/live/behave", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*allēlōn*": "one another/each other/mutually", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*Iēsou*": "Jesus [personal name]", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "Son/descendant/offspring", "*katharizei*": "cleanses/purifies/makes clean", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/error/failure" } }