Exodus 21:36

KJV1611 – Modern English

Or if it is known that the ox was accustomed to gore in time past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall be his own.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אוֹ נוֹדַע כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ בְּעָלָיו שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם שׁוֹר תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ

Transliteration

ʾô nôdaʿ kî shôr naggāch hûʾ mittəmôl shilshōm wə-lōʾ yishmərennû bəʿālāyw shallēm yəshallēm shôr tachat the shôr wə-ha-mēt yihyeh-lô

Grammar Details

• *ʾô*: conjunction - or
• *nôdaʿ*: niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was known
• *kî*: conjunction - that
• *shôr*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the ox
• *naggāch*: piel participle, masculine singular - prone to goring
• *hûʾ*: 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it
• *mittəmôl*: preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from yesterday
• *shilshōm*: masculine singular noun - day before yesterday
• *wə-lōʾ*: conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not
• *yishmərennû*: qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he keeps it in
• *bəʿālāyw*: masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its owner
• *shallēm yəshallēm*: infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall surely make restitution
• *tachat*: preposition - in place of
• *wə-ha-mēt*: conjunction *wə* + definite article + masculine singular adjective - and the dead animal
• *yihyeh-lô*: qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - shall be his

Word Meanings

• *nôdaʿ*: it was known/it is known/it has been established
• *naggāch*: prone to goring/habitually gores
• *mittəmôl shilshōm*: from yesterday and the day before/previously/for some time
• *yishmərennû*: he keeps it in/restrains it/guards it
• *shallēm yəshallēm*: he shall surely make restitution/he must certainly pay compensation
• *wə-ha-mēt yihyeh-lô*: and the dead animal shall be his/he may keep the carcass

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  However, if it was known that the ox was prone to goring in the past and its owner did not keep it confined, he must pay compensation—an ox for an ox—and the dead animal will be his.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Or if it be known{H3045} that the ox{H7794} was wont to gore{H5056} in time past,{H8543} and its owner{H1167} hath not kept{H8104} it in; he shall surely{H7999} pay{H7999} ox{H7794} for ox,{H7794} and the dead{H4191} [beast] shall be his own.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Or if it be known{H3045}{(H8738)} that the ox{H7794} hath used to push{H5056} in time past{H8543}{H8032}, and his owner{H1167} hath not kept{H8104}{(H8799)} him in; he shall surely{H7999}{(H8763)} pay{H7999}{(H8762)} ox{H7794} for ox{H7794}; and the dead{H4191}{(H8801)} shall be his own.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  But and yf it be knowne that the oxe hath vsed to pusshe in tymes past, then because his master hath not kepte hi, he shall paye oxe for oxe. and the deed shalbe his awne.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But yf it be knowne, that the oxe haue bene vsed to gorre afore, then shal he paye his oxe for the other, & the deed carcase shal be his owne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Or if it bee knowen that the oxe hath vsed to push in times past, & his master hath not kept him, he shal pay oxe for oxe, but the dead shall be his owne.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Or if it be knowen that the oxe hath vsed to pushe in tyme past, & his maister hath not kept hym: he shall paye oxe for oxe, and the dead shalbe his owne.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Or if it is known that the bull was in the habit of goring in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay bull for bull, and the dead animal shall be his own.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  or, it hath been known that the ox is `one' accustomed to gore heretofore, and its owner doth not watch it, he certainly repayeth ox for ox, and the dead is his.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Or if it be known that the ox was wont to gore in time past, and its owner hath not kept it in, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead `beast' shall be his own.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Or if it be known that the ox was wont to gore in time past, and its owner hath not kept it in; he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead [beast] shall be his own.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But if it is common knowledge that the ox has frequently done such damage in the past, and its owner has not kept it under control, he will have to give ox for ox; and the dead beast will be his.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Or if it is known that the bull was in the habit of goring in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay bull for bull, and the dead animal shall be his own.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Or if it is known that the ox had the habit of goring, and its owner did not take the necessary precautions, he must surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal will become his.