Joshua 10:40

KJV1611 – Modern English

So Joshua defeated all the land: the mountain country, the South, the lowland, and the wilderness slopes, and all their kings; he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּכֶּה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ הָהָר וְהַנֶּגֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה וְהָאֲשֵׁדוֹת וְאֵת כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם לֹא הִשְׁאִיר שָׂרִיד וְאֵת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה הֶחֱרִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

Transliteration

wə-yakkeh Yəhôšūaʿ ʾet-all-the-ʾereṣ the-hār wə-the-neḡeḇ wə-the-šəp̄ēlāh wə-the-ʾăšēḏôt wə-ʾēt all-malḵêhem not hišʾîr śārîḏ wə-ʾēt all-the-nəšāmāh heḥĕrîm as-that ṣiwwāh YHWH ʾĕlōhê Yiśrāʾēl

Grammar Details

• *wə-yakkeh*: conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck/smote
• *Yəhôšūaʿ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *ʾereṣ*: common noun, feminine singular construct - land of
• *hār*: common noun, masculine singular - hill country/mountain
• *wə*: conjunction - and
• *neḡeḇ*: common noun, masculine singular - Negev/south
• *šəp̄ēlāh*: common noun, feminine singular - lowland/foothills
• *ʾăšēḏôt*: common noun, feminine plural - slopes/ravines/springs
• *wə-ʾēt*: conjunction + direct object marker
• *malḵêhem*: common noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their kings
• *hišʾîr*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he left/remained
• *śārîḏ*: common noun, masculine singular - survivor/remnant
• *nəšāmāh*: common noun, feminine singular - breath/life/living being
• *heḥĕrîm*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed
• *ṣiwwāh*: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD
• *ʾĕlōhê*: common noun, masculine plural construct - God of
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel

Word Meanings

• *ʾăšēḏôt*: slopes/ravines/springs/valleys/waterfalls
• *heḥĕrîm*: devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/banned/put under the ban
• *nəšāmāh*: breath/breathing thing/life/soul/living being

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  So Joshua conquered the whole country—the hill country, the Negev, the lowland, and the slopes—along with all their kings. He left no survivors but devoted every living thing to destruction, just as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  So hua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Jehovah, the God of Israel, commanded.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus Iosua smote all the londe vpon the mountaynes, and towarde the south, and in the lowe countrees, and by the ryuers, with all their kynges, and let not one remaine ouer and damned all that had breth, as the LORDE God of Israel had commaunded.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  So Ioshua smote all the hill countreys, & the South countreys, and the valleys, & the hill sides, and all their Kings, and let none remaine, but vtterly destroyed euery soule, as the Lorde God of Israel had commanded.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Iosuah therfore smote al the hil countreyes, and the south countreyes, & the valleyes, and the downes, and al their kinges, and let none remayne of them, but vtterly destroyed all that breathed, as the Lorde God of Israel commaunded.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  So Joshua struck all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Joshua smiteth all the land of the hill-country, and of the south, and of the low-country, and of the springs, and all their kings -- he hath not left a remnant, and all that doth breathe he hath devoted, as Jehovah, God of Israel, commanded.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Jehovah, the God of Israel, commanded.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Jehovah, the God of Israel, commanded.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So Joshua overcame all the land, the hill-country and the South and the lowland and the mountain slopes, and all their kings; all were put to death: and every living thing he gave up to the curse, as the Lord, the God of Israel, had given him orders.

• World English Bible (2000)

  So Joshua struck all the land, the hill country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings. He left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Joshua defeated the whole land, including the hill country, the Negev, the foothills, the slopes, and all their kings. He left no survivors. He annihilated everything that breathed, just as the LORD God of Israel had commanded.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 7:2-9 : 2 And when the LORD your God shall deliver them before you; you shall strike them, and utterly destroy them; you shall make no covenant with them, nor show mercy to them: 3 Neither shall you make marriages with them; your daughter you shall not give to his son, nor his daughter shall you take for your son. 4 For they will turn your son away from following me, that they may serve other gods: so the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you, and destroy you suddenly. 5 But thus shall you deal with them; you shall destroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire. 6 For you are a holy people unto the LORD your God: the LORD your God has chosen you to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth. 7 The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because you were more in number than any people; for you were the fewest of all people: 8 But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn to your fathers, the LORD has brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 Know therefore that the LORD your God, he is God, the faithful God, who keeps covenant and mercy with those who love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations; 10 And repays those who hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him who hates him, he will repay him to his face. 11 Therefore you shall keep the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which I command you this day, to do them. 12 Therefore it shall come to pass, if you listen to these judgments, and keep, and do them, that the LORD your God shall keep to you the covenant and the mercy which he swore to your fathers: 13 And he will love you, and bless you, and multiply you: he will also bless the fruit of your womb, and the fruit of your land, your grain, and your wine, and your oil, the increase of your cattle, and the flocks of your sheep, in the land which he swore to your fathers to give you. 14 You shall be blessed above all people: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle. 15 And the LORD will take away from you all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which you know, upon you; but will lay them on all those who hate you. 16 And you shall consume all the people which the LORD your God shall deliver to you; your eye shall have no pity on them: neither shall you serve their gods; for that will be a snare to you.
• Deut 7:24 : 24 And he shall deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall destroy their name from under heaven: no man will be able to stand before you, until you have destroyed them.
• Deut 20:16-17 : 16 But of the cities of these people, which the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance, you shall save alive nothing that breathes: 17 But you shall utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD your God has commanded you:
• Deut 26:16-17 : 16 This day the LORD your God has commanded you to do these statutes and judgments: you shall therefore keep and do them with all your heart, and with all your soul. 17 You have declared the LORD this day to be your God, and to walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and to listen to his voice:
• Josh 6:17 : 17 And the city shall be accursed, it and all that are in it, to the LORD: only Rahab the prostitute shall live, she and all who are with her in her house, because she hid the messengers that we sent.
• Josh 8:2 : 2 And you shall do to Ai and her king as you did to Jericho and her king, only the spoil and the cattle shall you take for a prey for yourselves; lay an ambush for the city behind it.
• Josh 8:27 : 27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey for themselves, according to the word of the LORD which he commanded Joshua.
• Josh 9:24 : 24 And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told to your servants how the LORD your God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were very afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.
• Josh 10:35 : 35 They took it on that day and struck it with the edge of the sword, and all the people who were in it he utterly destroyed that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish.
• Josh 10:37 : 37 And they took it, and struck it with the edge of the sword—its king, all its cities, and all the people who were in it; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon, but utterly destroyed it and all the people who were in it.
• Josh 12:8 : 8 In the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites:
• Josh 15:21-63 : 21 The farthest cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the border of Edom southward were Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur, 22 Kinah, Dimonah, Adadah, 23 Kedesh, Hazor, Ithnan, 24 Ziph, Telem, Bealoth, 25 Hazor, Hadattah, Kerioth, Hezron, which is Hazor, 26 Amam, Shema, Moladah, 27 Hazargaddah, Heshmon, Bethpalet, 28 Hazarshual, Beersheba, Bizjothjah, 29 Baalah, Iim, Azem, 30 Eltolad, Chesil, Hormah, 31 Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah, 32 Lebaoth, Shilhim, Ain, Rimmon: twenty-nine cities with their villages: 33 In the valley, Eshtaol, Zoreah, Ashnah, 34 Zanoah, Engannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35 Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, 36 Sharaim, Adithaim, Gederah, Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages: 37 Zenan, Hadashah, Migdalgad, 38 Dilean, Mizpeh, Joktheel, 39 Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon, 40 Cabbon, Lahmam, Kithlish, 41 Gederoth, Bethdagon, Naamah, Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages: 42 Libnah, Ether, Ashan, 43 Jiphtah, Ashnah, Nezib, 44 Keilah, Achzib, Mareshah; nine cities with their villages: 45 Ekron, with its towns and villages: 46 From Ekron to the sea, all that lay near Ashdod, with their villages: 47 Ashdod with its towns and villages, Gaza with its towns and villages, to the river of Egypt, and the Great Sea with its coastlands: 48 In the mountains, Shamir, Jattir, Socoh, 49 Dannah, Kirjathsannah, which is Debir, 50 Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, 51 Goshen, Holon, Giloh; eleven cities with their villages: 52 Arab, Dumah, Eshean, 53 Janum, Bethtappuah, Aphekah, 54 Humtah, Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, Zior; nine cities with their villages: 55 Maon, Carmel, Ziph, Juttah, 56 Jezreel, Jokdeam, Zanoah, 57 Cain, Gibeah, Timnah; ten cities with their villages: 58 Halhul, Bethzur, Gedor, 59 Maarath, Bethanoth, Eltekon; six cities with their villages: 60 Kirjathbaal, which is Kirjathjearim, Rabbah; two cities with their villages: 61 In the wilderness, Betharabah, Middin, Secacah, 62 Nibshan, the City of Salt, Engedi; six cities with their villages. 63 As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah in Jerusalem to this day.
• Josh 18:21-19:8 : 21 The cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, Bethhoglah, the valley of Keziz, 22 Betharabah, Zemaraim, Bethel, 23 Avim, Parah, Ophrah, 24 Chepharhaammonai, Ophni, Gaba—twelve cities with their villages: 25 Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth, 26 Mizpeh, Chephirah, Mozah, 27 Rekem, Irpeel, Taralah, 28 Zelah, Eleph, Jebusi (which is Jerusalem), Gibeath, Kirjath—fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families. 1 And the second lot came forth to Simeon, for the tribe of the descendants of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the descendants of Judah. 2 And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, or Sheba, and Moladah, 3 And Hazarshual, and Balah, and Azem, 4 And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, 5 And Ziklag, and Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusah, 6 And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages: 7 Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages: 8 And all the villages that were around these cities to Baalathbeer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the descendants of Simeon according to their families.
• Josh 19:40-48 : 40 And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families. 41 And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Irshemesh, 42 And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah, 43 And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron, 44 And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath, 45 And Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gathrimmon, 46 And Mejarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho. 47 And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and struck it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt there, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father. 48 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.
• 1 Kgs 15:29 : 29 It came to pass, as soon as he reigned, that he struck all the house of Jeroboam; he left to Jeroboam none that breathed, until he had destroyed him, according to the word of the LORD, which He spoke by His servant Ahijah the Shilonite,
• Ps 9:17 : 17 The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.
• 2 Thess 1:7-9 : 7 And to you who are troubled, rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, 8 In flaming fire taking vengeance on those who do not know God, and who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: 9 Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power;
• Exod 23:31-33 : 31 And I will set your borders from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the river; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you shall drive them out before you. 32 You shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. 33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me; for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.
• Exod 34:12 : 12 Take heed to yourself, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare in your midst.
• Deut 1:7 : 7 Turn, and take your journey, and go to the mountain of the Amorites, and to all the places near there, in the plain, in the hills, and in the valley, and in the south, and by the sea, to the land of the Canaanites, and to Lebanon, to the great river, the river Euphrates.