Joshua 2:11

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

When we heard the news we lost our courage and no one could even breathe for fear of you. For the LORD your God is God in heaven above and on earth below!

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת

Transliteration

And-wannišmaʿ and-wayyimmas our-ləḇāḇēnû and-not-qāmâ again rûaḥ in-man from-before-you for YHWH your-ʾĕlōhêḵem he ʾĕlōhîm in-the-baššāmayim from-above and-on-the-earth from-beneath

Grammar Details

• *wannišmaʿ*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st common plural - and we heard
• *wayyimmas*: waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it melted
• *ləḇāḇēnû*: noun masculine singular construct + 1st common plural suffix - our heart
• *qāmâ*: qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it stood/rose
• *rûaḥ*: noun feminine singular - spirit/breath/courage
• *YHWH*: proper noun - LORD
• *ʾĕlōhêḵem*: noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: noun masculine plural - God
• *baššāmayim*: preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the heavens

Word Meanings

• *wayyimmas*: melted/dissolved/fainted
• *rûaḥ*: spirit/breath/courage
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: God/gods/divine beings

Referenced Verses

• Deut 4:39 : 39 Today realize and carefully consider that the LORD is God in heaven above and on earth below– there is no other!
• Josh 5:1 : 1 When all the Amorite kings on the west side of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the seacoast heard how the LORD had dried up the water of the Jordan before the Israelites while they crossed, they lost their courage and could not even breathe for fear of the Israelites.
• Josh 7:5 : 5 The men of Ai killed about thirty-six of them and chased them from in front of the city gate all the way to the fissures and defeated them on the steep slope. The people’s courage melted away like water.
• Isa 13:7 : 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage.
• Ps 22:14 : 14 My strength drains away like water; all my bones are dislocated; my heart is like wax; it melts away inside me.
• Ps 83:18 : 18 Then they will know that you alone are the LORD, the Most High over all the earth.
• Ps 102:15 : 15 The nations will respect the reputation of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth will respect his splendor,
• Jer 16:19-21 : 19 Then I said,“LORD, you give me strength and protect me. You are the one I can run to for safety when I am in trouble. Nations from all over the earth will come to you and say,‘Our ancestors had nothing but false gods– worthless idols that could not help them at all. 20 Can people make their own gods? No, what they make are not gods at all.” 21 The LORD said,“So I will now let this wicked people know– I will let them know my mighty power in judgment. Then they will know that my name is the LORD.”
• Dan 4:34-35 : 34 But at the end of the appointed time I, Nebuchadnezzar, looked up toward heaven, and my sanity returned to me. I extolled the Most High, and I praised and glorified the one who lives forever. For his authority is an everlasting authority, and his kingdom extends from one generation to the next. 35 All the inhabitants of the earth are regarded as nothing. He does as he wishes with the army of heaven and with those who inhabit the earth. No one slaps his hand and says to him,‘What have you done?’
• Dan 6:25-27 : 25 Then King Darius wrote to all the peoples, nations, and language groups who were living in all the land:“Peace and prosperity! 26 I have issued an edict that throughout all the dominion of my kingdom people are to revere and fear the God of Daniel.“For he is the living God; he endures forever. His kingdom will not be destroyed; his authority is forever. 27 He rescues and delivers and performs signs and wonders in the heavens and on the earth. He has rescued Daniel from the power of the lions!”
• Nah 2:10 : 10 Destruction, devastation, and desolation! Hearts faint; knees tremble; every stomach churns, all their faces have turned pale!
• Zech 8:20-23 : 20 The LORD of Heaven’s Armies says,‘It will someday come to pass that people– residents of many cities– will come. 21 The inhabitants of one will go to another and say,“Let’s go up at once to ask the favor of the LORD, to seek the LORD of Heaven’s Armies. Indeed, I’ll go with you.”’ 22 Many peoples and powerful nations will come to Jerusalem to seek the LORD of Heaven’s Armies and to ask his favor. 23 The LORD of Heaven’s Armies says,‘In those days ten people from all languages and nations will grasp hold of– indeed, grab– the robe of one Jew and say,“Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.”’”
• Rev 6:16 : 16 They said to the mountains and to the rocks,“Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one who is seated on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb,
• Josh 14:8 : 8 My countrymen who accompanied me frightened the people, but I remained loyal to the LORD my God.
• 1 Kgs 8:60 : 60 Then all the nations of the earth will recognize that the LORD is the only genuine God.
• Deut 20:8 : 8 In addition, the officers are to say to the troops,“Who among you is afraid and fainthearted? He may go home so that he will not make his fellow soldier’s heart as fearful as his own.”
• Exod 15:14 : 14 The nations will hear and tremble; anguish will seize the inhabitants of Philistia.
• Deut 1:28 : 28 What is going to happen to us? Our brothers have drained away our courage by describing people who are more numerous and taller than we are, and great cities whose defenses appear to be as high as heaven itself! Moreover, they said they saw Anakites there.”