Verse 5

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.11.5", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י עַשְׁתֹּ֔רֶת אֱלֹהֵ֖י צִדֹנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֣י מִלְכֹּ֔ם שִׁקֻּ֖ץ עַמֹּנִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyēlekh* *Shelomoh* after *ʿAshtōret* *ʾĕlōhēy* *Tsīdōnīm* and-after *Milkōm* *shiqqūts* *ʿAmmōnīm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlekh*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went/followed", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*ʿAshtōret*": "proper noun, feminine - Ashtoreth", "*ʾĕlōhēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - god(s) of", "*Tsīdōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Sidonians", "*Milkōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Milcom/Molech", "*shiqqūts*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - detestable thing/abomination of", "*ʿAmmōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Ammonites" }, "variants": { "*wayyēlekh* after": "went after/followed/worshipped", "*ʿAshtōret*": "Ashtoreth/Astarte (fertility goddess)", "*shiqqūts*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Judg 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Judges.2.13", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ לַבַּ֖עַל וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* and-*wayyaʿaḇəḏû* to-the-*Baʿal* and-to-the-*ʿAštārôt*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal", "*ʿAštārôt*": "proper noun, feminine plural - Ashtaroth" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "they served/worshipped", "*Baʿal*": "a Canaanite deity, 'lord/master'", "*ʿAštārôt*": "Canaanite fertility goddesses/female deities" } }
  • 1 Kgs 11:7 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.7", "source": "אָז֩ יִבְנֶ֨ה שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה בָּמָ֗ה לִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב בָּהָ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וּלְמֹ֕לֶךְ שִׁקֻּ֖ץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "Then *yiḇneh* *Shelomoh* *bāmāh* for-*Khemōsh* *shiqqūts* *Mōʾāḇ* in-the-*hār* which on-*penēy* *Yerūshālāyim*; and-for-*Mōlekh* *shiqqūts* *benēy* *ʿAmmōn*.", "grammar": { "*yiḇneh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*bāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - high place/shrine", "*Khemōsh*": "proper noun, masculine - Chemosh", "*shiqqūts*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - detestable thing/abomination of", "*Mōʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hār*": "noun, masculine, singular - mountain/hill", "*penēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - face of", "*Yerūshālāyim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*Mōlekh*": "proper noun, masculine - Molech", "*benēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - sons/children of", "*ʿAmmōn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*bāmāh*": "high place/shrine/altar platform", "*shiqqūts*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*penēy*": "face/before/east of" } }
  • 1 Kgs 11:33 : 33 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.33", "source": "יַעַן אֲשֶׁר עֲזָבוּנִי וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְעַשְׁתֹּרֶת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִין לִכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב וּלְמִלְכֹּם אֱלֹהֵי בְנֵי־עַמּוֹן וְלֹא־הָלְכוּ בִדְרָכַי לַעֲשׂוֹת הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינַי וְחֻקֹּתַי וּמִשְׁפָּטַי כְּדָוִד אָבִיו", "text": "Because *ʾăšer* they *ʿāzab* me and they *šākhâ* to *ʿAštōret* *ʾĕlōhê* of *Ṣīdōnîn* to *Kəmôš* *ʾĕlōhê* of *Môʾāb* and to *Milkōm* *ʾĕlōhê* of *bənê*-*ʿAmmôn* and not-they *hālak* in my *derek* to *ʿāśâ* the *yāšār* in my *ʿayin* and my *khuqqâ* and my *mišpāṭ* like *Dāwid* his father", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because/on account of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*ʿăzābûnî*": "perfect, 3rd plural + 1st singular suffix - they have forsaken me", "*wa-yištakhăwû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they bowed down/worshipped", "*lə-ʿAštōret*": "preposition + proper noun - to Ashtoreth", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - god of", "*Ṣīdōnîn*": "proper noun - Sidonians", "*li-Kəmôš*": "preposition + proper noun - to Chemosh", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - god of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*û-lə-Milkōm*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and to Milcom", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - god of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿAmmôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hālkû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they walked", "*bi-dərākay*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - in my ways", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to do", "*ha-yāšār*": "article + adjective, masculine singular - the right/upright", "*bə-ʿênay*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + 1st singular suffix - in my eyes", "*wə-khuqqōtay*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - and my statutes", "*û-mišpāṭay*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - and my judgments", "*kə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - like David", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*šākhâ*": "bow down/worship/prostrate", "*ʿAštōret*": "Ashtoreth (fertility goddess)", "*Kəmôš*": "Chemosh (Moabite deity)", "*Milkōm*": "Milcom/Molech (Ammonite deity)", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*derek*": "way/path/manner/journey", "*ʿāśâ*": "do/make/accomplish", "*yāšār*": "right/straight/upright/proper", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/perception", "*khuqqâ*": "statute/ordinance/decree", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance/decision" } }
  • 2 Kgs 23:13 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.13", "source": "וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-the-*bāmôṯ* which [were] on-*pənê* *yərûšālaim* which [were] from-right to-*har*-the-*mašḥîṯ* which *bānāh* *šəlōmōh* king-of-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*ʿaštōreṯ* *šiqqūṣ* *ṣîḏōnîm* and-for-*kəmôš* *šiqqūṣ* *môʾāḇ* and-for-*milkōm* *tôʿăḇaṯ* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *ṭimmēʾ* the-king.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*pənê*": "construct masculine plural noun - faces of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*mašḥîṯ*": "Hiphil participle as noun - destruction/corruption", "*bānāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿaštōreṯ*": "proper noun - Ashtoreth (goddess)", "*šiqqūṣ*": "masculine singular construct noun - detestable thing of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper noun, plural - Sidonians", "*kəmôš*": "proper noun - Chemosh (god)", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*milkōm*": "proper noun - Milkom/Molech (god)", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - abomination of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he defiled/made unclean" }, "variants": { "*bāmôṯ*": "high places/shrines/cult platforms", "*pənê*": "face/surface/before/in front of", "*har*-the-*mašḥîṯ*": "Mount of Destruction/Mount of Corruption/Mount of Olives", "*šiqqūṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "defiled/made unclean/desecrated" } }
  • Judg 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.10.6", "source": "וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ", "text": "*wə-yōsip̄û* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *la-ʿăśôṯ* *hā-raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿaštārôṯ* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ṣîḏôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *pəlištîm* *wə-yaʿazḇû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ʿăḇāḏûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they continued/added", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-ʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*hā-ʿaštārôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the Ashtaroth", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*ṣîḏôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they forsook", "*ʿăḇāḏûhû*": "qal perfect 3mp + 3ms suffix - they served him" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "they continued/they added/they did again", "*hā-raʿ*": "the evil/the wickedness", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/they abandoned" } }
  • 1 Sam 7:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.7.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִם־בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֤ם שָׁבִים֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה הָסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֧י הַנֵּכָ֛ר מִתּוֹכְכֶ֖ם וְהָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְהָכִ֨ינוּ לְבַבְכֶ֤ם אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וְעִבְדֻ֣הוּ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וְיַצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šĕmûʾēl* to-all-house of *yiśrāʾēl* *lēʾmōr* if-with-all-your-heart you *šābîm* to-*YHWH* *hāsîrû* *ʾet*-gods of-the-*nēkār* from-midst-of-you and-the-*ʿaštārôt* and-*hākînû* your-heart to-*YHWH* and-*ʿibdûhû* to-him-alone and-*yaṣṣēl* you from-hand of-*pĕlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šĕmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šābîm*": "Qal active participle masculine plural - returning/turning", "*hāsîrû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - remove/put away", "*nēkār*": "foreign/strange, with definite article", "*hākînû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - prepare/establish", "*ʿibdûhû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - serve him", "*yaṣṣēl*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - he will deliver", "*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*šābîm*": "returning/turning/repenting", "*hāsîrû*": "remove/put away/turn aside", "*nēkār*": "foreign/strange/alien", "*ʿaštārôt*": "Ashtaroth/Ashtoreths (foreign deities)", "*hākînû*": "prepare/establish/direct/set firm", "*ʿibdûhû*": "serve him/worship him/work for him", "*yaṣṣēl*": "deliver/rescue/save" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.7.4", "source": "וַיָּסִ֙ירוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּרֹ֑ת וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyāsîrû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-the-*bĕʿālîm* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿaštārôt* and *wayyaʿabdû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* to-him-alone.", "grammar": { "*wayyāsîrû*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they removed", "*bĕʿālîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the Baals", "*wayyaʿabdû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they served" }, "variants": { "*wayyāsîrû*": "removed/put away/turned aside", "*bĕʿālîm*": "Baals (foreign deities)/lords/masters", "*ʿaštārôt*": "Ashtaroth/Ashtoreths (foreign deities)", "*wayyaʿabdû*": "served/worshipped/worked for" } }
  • 1 Sam 12:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.10", "source": "וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ *ויאמר *וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yizʿăqû* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ḥāṭāʾnû* *kî* *ʿāzabnû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wa-naʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*ha-bəʿālîm* *wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʿaštārôt* *wə-ʿattāh* *haṣṣîlēnû* *miyyad* *ʾōyəbênû* *wə-naʿabdekā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ʾel*-*YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1st person common plural - we have sinned", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*ʿāzabnû*": "qal perfect 1st person common plural - we have forsaken", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*wa-naʿăbōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st person common plural - and we served", "*ʾet*-*ha-bəʿālîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the Baals", "*wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʿaštārôt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine plural - and the Ashtaroth", "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular + 1st person common plural suffix - deliver us", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*ʾōyəbênû*": "noun masculine plural + 1st person common plural suffix - our enemies", "*wə-naʿabdekā*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person common plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and we will serve you" }, "variants": { "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "and they cried out/called for help/pleaded", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/done wrong", "*ʿāzabnû*": "we have forsaken/abandoned/left", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "the Baals/the Lords/the Masters", "*hā-ʿaštārôt*": "the Ashtaroth/the goddesses/the female deities", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "deliver us/save us/rescue us", "*naʿabdekā*": "we will serve you/worship you/be your servants" } }
  • Jer 2:10-13 : 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.10", "source": "כִּ֣י עִבְר֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י כִתִּיִּים֙ וּרְא֔וּ וְקֵדָ֛ר שִׁלְח֥וּ וְהִֽתְבּוֹנְנ֖וּ מְאֹ֑ד וּרְא֕וּ הֵ֥ן הָיְתָ֖ה כָּזֹֽאת׃", "text": "*Kî* *ʿibrû* *ʾiyyê* *Kittiyyîm* *û-rəʾû* *wə-Qēdār* *šilḥû* *wə-hitbônənû* *məʾōd* *û-rəʾû* *hēn* *hāytāh* *kāzōʾt*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for", "*ʿibrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - cross over", "*ʾiyyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - coastlands of", "*Kittiyyîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus", "*û-rəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*wə-Qēdār*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Kedar", "*šilḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - send", "*wə-hitbônənû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and consider diligently", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*û-rəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/whether", "*hāytāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has been", "*kāzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - like this" }, "variants": { "*ʿibrû*": "cross over/pass through/travel to", "*ʾiyyê*": "coastlands/islands/coastal regions", "*šilḥû*": "send/dispatch", "*hitbônənû*": "consider diligently/observe carefully/pay close attention", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*hēn*": "behold/look/whether" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.11", "source": "הַהֵימִ֥יר גּוֹי֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַמִּ֛י הֵמִ֥יר כְּבוֹד֖וֹ בְּל֥וֹא יוֹעִֽיל׃", "text": "*Ha-hêmîr* *gôy* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-hēmmāh* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-ʿammî* *hēmîr* *kəbôdô* *bəlôʾ* *yôʿîl*", "grammar": { "*Ha-hêmîr*": "interrogative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has exchanged", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - and they", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*wə-ʿammî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - and my people", "*hēmîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has exchanged", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory/honor", "*bəlôʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - for no", "*yôʿîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - profit" }, "variants": { "*hêmîr*": "exchanged/substituted/changed", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/divine beings", "*kəbôdô*": "his glory/his honor/his majestic presence", "*yôʿîl*": "profit/benefit/help/avail" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.12", "source": "שֹׁ֥מּוּ שָׁמַ֖יִם עַל־זֹ֑את וְשַׂעֲר֛וּ חָרְב֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Šōmmû* *šāmayim* *ʿal*-*zōʾt* *wə-śaʿărû* *ḥorbû* *məʾōd* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Šōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be appalled", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*ʿal*-*zōʾt*": "preposition + feminine demonstrative pronoun - at this", "*wə-śaʿărû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and be horrified", "*ḥorbû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be utterly desolate", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*šōmmû*": "be appalled/be astonished/be desolate", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*śaʿărû*": "be horrified/shudder/be shocked", "*ḥorbû*": "be utterly desolate/be laid waste/be dried up", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.13", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁתַּ֥יִם רָע֖וֹת עָשָׂ֣ה עַמִּ֑י אֹתִ֨י עָזְב֜וּ מְק֣וֹר ׀ מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֗ים לַחְצֹ֤ב לָהֶם֙ בֹּאר֔וֹת בֹּארֹת֙ נִשְׁבָּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָכִ֖לוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*Kî*-*štayim* *rāʿôt* *ʿāśāh* *ʿammî* *ʾōtî* *ʿāzəbû* *məqôr* *mayim* *ḥayyîm* *laḥṣōb* *lāhem* *bōʾrôt* *bōʾrōt* *nišbārîm* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yākîlû* *ha-māyim*", "grammar": { "*Kî*-*štayim*": "conjunction + cardinal number, feminine dual - for two", "*rāʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - evils", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1st singular suffix - me", "*ʿāzəbû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forsook", "*məqôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fountain of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*laḥṣōb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hew out", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*bōʾrôt*": "noun, feminine plural - cisterns", "*bōʾrōt*": "noun, feminine plural - cisterns", "*nišbārîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - broken", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ*-*yākîlû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - cannot contain", "*ha-māyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the water" }, "variants": { "*rāʿôt*": "evils/bad things/calamities", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*ʿāzəbû*": "forsook/abandoned/left", "*məqôr*": "fountain/spring/source", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive/fresh", "*laḥṣōb*": "to hew out/to dig/to cut", "*bōʾrôt*": "cisterns/wells/pits", "*nišbārîm*": "broken/cracked/shattered", "*yākîlû*": "contain/hold/retain" } }
  • Zeph 1:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.5", "source": "וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥ים עַל־הַגַּגּ֖וֹת לִצְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *ʿal*-*haggaggôṯ* *liṣḇā* *haššāmāyim*, *wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *hannišbāʿîm* *la-YHWH* *wəhannišbāʿîm* *bəmalkām*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "hitpael participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones bowing down/worshipping", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*haggaggôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the roofs", "*liṣḇā*": "preposition + construct state, masculine singular - to/for host/army of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/by YHWH", "*wəhannišbāʿîm*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - and the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by their king/Milcom" }, "variants": { "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "the ones worshipping/bowing down/prostrating themselves", "*liṣḇā*": "to host/army/multitude", "*haššāmāyim*": "the heavens/the sky/the celestial bodies", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "by their king/by Milcom/Molech (Ammonite deity)/by their Molech" } }
  • Lev 18:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.21", "source": "וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *ûmizzarʿăkā* *lōʾ*-*tittēn* *ləhaʿăbîr* to *lammōlek* and *wəlōʾ* *təḥallēl* *ʾet*-*šēm* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ûmizzarʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and from your seed/offspring", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to pass over", "*lammōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*təḥallēl*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall profane", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*mizzarʿăkā*": "from your seed/from your offspring/from your children", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "to cause to pass through/to offer/to sacrifice", "*təḥallēl*": "you shall profane/you shall defile/you shall violate" } }
  • Lev 20:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.2", "source": "וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֘ תֹּאמַר֒ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבְּנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן מִזַּרְע֛וֹ לַמֹּ֖לֶךְ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת עַ֥ם הָאָ֖רֶץ יִרְגְּמֻ֥הוּ בָאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾel*-*bᵊnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *tōʾmar* *ʾîš* *ʾîš* from-*bᵊnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *û-min*-*ha-gēr* *ha-gār* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾăšer* *yittēn* from-*zarʿô* to-*ha-mōlek* *môt* *yûmāt* *ʿam* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *yirgᵊmuhû* with-*hā-ʾāben*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to", "*bᵊnê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*tōʾmar*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*ʾîš* *ʾîš*": "noun repeated for emphasis - any man/each man", "*û-min*": "conjunction + preposition - and from", "*ha-gēr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the stranger/foreigner", "*ha-gār*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the one sojourning", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yittēn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - gives", "*zarʿô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his seed/offspring", "*la-mōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*môt* *yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - surely be put to death", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*yirgᵊmuhû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they shall stone him", "*bā-ʾāben*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the stone/stones" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš* *ʾîš*": "any man/every man/whoever", "*ha-gēr*": "foreigner/stranger/sojourner", "*zarʿô*": "his seed/his offspring/his children/his descendants", "*ha-mōlek*": "Molech (deity name)", "*môt* *yûmāt*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*ʿam* *hā-ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/community" } } 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay* in-*hā-ʾîš* *ha-hûʾ* *wᵊ-hikrattî* *ʾōtô* from-*qereb* *ʿammô* *kî* from-*zarʿô* *nātan* to-*ha-mōlek* to-*maʿan* *ṭammēʾ* *ʾet*-*miqdāšî* *û-lᵊḥallēl* *ʾet*-*šēm* *qodšî*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st singular personal pronoun - and I", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will set/place", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my face", "*bā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - against the man", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wᵊ-hikrattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mi-zarʿô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his seed", "*nātan*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*la-mōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*lᵊ-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order to", "*ṭammēʾ*": "infinitive construct, Piel - defile", "*miqdāšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my sanctuary", "*û-lᵊḥallēl*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct, Piel - and to profane", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*qodšî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my holiness" }, "variants": { "*ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*pānay*": "set my face against/turn my face against/direct my attention against", "*hikrattî*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*mi-qereb*": "from among/from the midst of", "*ṭammēʾ*": "defile/make unclean/pollute", "*lᵊḥallēl*": "profane/desecrate/defile", "*šēm* *qodšî*": "my holy name" } } 4 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.4", "source": "וְאִ֡ם הַעְלֵ֣ם יַעְלִימֽוּ֩ עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ מִן־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא בְּתִתּ֥וֹ מִזַּרְע֖וֹ לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הָמִ֥ית אֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾim* *haʿlēm* *yaʿlîmû* *ʿam* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾet*-*ʿênêhem* from-*hā-ʾîš* *ha-hûʾ* in-*tittô* from-*zarʿô* to-*ha-mōlek* to-*biltî* *hāmît* *ʾōtô*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*haʿlēm* *yaʿlîmû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - certainly hide/surely hide", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾet*-*ʿênêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*min*-*hā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - from the man", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*bᵊ-tittô*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he gives", "*mi-zarʿô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his seed", "*la-mōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*lᵊ-biltî*": "preposition + negative particle - so as not to", "*hāmît*": "infinitive construct, Hiphil - kill/put to death", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him" }, "variants": { "*haʿlēm* *yaʿlîmû*": "deliberately ignore/willfully disregard/surely hide", "*ʿam* *hā-ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/community", "*ʿênêhem*": "their eyes/their attention", "*tittô*": "when he gives/when he offers", "*lᵊ-biltî*": "so as not to/without/failing to" } } 5 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.5", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י אֲנִ֧י אֶת־פָּנַ֛י בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא וּבְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹ וְהִכְרַתִּ֨י אֹת֜וֹ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־הַזֹּנִ֣ים אַחֲרָ֗יו לִזְנ֛וֹת אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמֹּ֖לֶךְ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-śamtî* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-*pānay* in-*hā-ʾîš* *ha-hûʾ* and-in-*mišpaḥtô* *wᵊ-hikrattî* *ʾōtô* and-*ʾēt* all-*ha-zōnîm* after-him to-*liznôt* after *ha-mōlek* from-midst *ʿammām*", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-śamtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will set", "*ʾănî*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾet*-*pānay*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my face", "*bā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - against the man", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*û-bᵊ-mišpaḥtô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and against his family", "*wᵊ-hikrattî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wᵊ-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*-*ha-zōnîm*": "construct + definite article + participle, masculine plural - all those committing harlotry", "*ʾaḥărâw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after him", "*li-znôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to commit harlotry", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha-mōlek*": "definite article + proper noun - Molech", "*mi-qereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʿammām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their people" }, "variants": { "*śamtî* *ʾet*-*pānay*": "set my face against/direct my attention against", "*mišpaḥtô*": "his family/his clan/his relatives", "*hikrattî*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*ha-zōnîm*": "those who prostitute themselves/those who are unfaithful/those who commit harlotry", "*li-znôt*": "to commit harlotry/to be unfaithful/to prostitute themselves", "*ʿammām*": "their people/their community" } }