Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Amos.1.13", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־בִּקְעָם֙ הָר֣וֹת הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמַ֖עַן הַרְחִ֥יב אֶת־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* for-*šəlōšāh* *pišʿê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-for-*ʾarbāʿāh* not *ʾăšîbenû* for-*biqʿām* *hārôt* *haggilʿād* for-purpose *harḥîb* *ʾet*-*gəbûlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it", "*biqʿām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ripping up", "*hārôt*": "feminine plural adjective - pregnant women", "*haggilʿād*": "definite article + proper name - the Gilead", "*harḥîb*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to enlarge", "*gəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment", "*biqʿām*": "their ripping open/splitting/cutting open", "*hārôt*": "pregnant women/women with child", "*harḥîb* *gəbûlām*": "to enlarge their territory/expand their border" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av ammonittene, ja for fire, vil jeg ikke holde det tilbake. For de har skåret opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt område.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av ammonittenes barn, og for fire, vil jeg ikke ta bort dens straff; fordi de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.

• Norsk King James

  Slik sier Herren: For tre synder fra ammonittene, og for fire, vil jeg ikke tilgi; fordi de har revet opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt område.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av Ammons barn, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke holde tilbake min dom, fordi de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide sitt land.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av Ammonittene, ja fire, vil jeg ikke holde det tilbake. Fordi de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide deres grense.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av Ammons barn, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke ta bort straffen for dem, fordi de skar opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Slik sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av ammonittene, og for fire, vil jeg ikke la straffen holdes tilbake, for de har revet opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av Ammons barn, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke ta bort straffen for dem, fordi de skar opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Så sier Herren: «For tre overtredelser av Ammon, ja for fire, vil jeg ikke ta det tilbake, fordi de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.»

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Thus says the LORD: 'For three transgressions of the Ammonites, and for four, I will not revoke punishment, because they ripped open pregnant women in Gilead in order to enlarge their territory.'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av ammonittene, ja for fire, vil jeg ikke holde det tilbake. For de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide sitt eget land.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Saa sagde Herren: For tre Ammons Børns Overtrædelser og for fire vil jeg ikke afvende det, fordi de sønderreve de Fruktsommelige i Gilead for at udvide deres Landemærke.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of mon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av ammonittene, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke vende bort straffen, fordi de rev opp gravide kvinner i Gilead for å utvide sitt territorium.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Thus says the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they ripped up the pregnant women of Gilead to enlarge their border:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Så sier Herren: "For tre overtredelser av Ammons barn, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke avvende straffen; fordi de flerret opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide grensene sine.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Så sier Herren: For Ammons barns tre overtredelser, ja for fire, vil jeg ikke snu tilbake mitt ord, fordi de har skåret opp de gravide i Gilead for å utvide sitt land.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Så sier Herren: For tre overtredelser av Ammonittene, ja, for fire, vil jeg ikke vende bort straffen; fordi de skar opp de gravide kvinnene i Gilead for å utvide sitt grenseland.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Dette er ordene fra Herren: For de tre overtredelsene til Ammon, ja for de fire, vil jeg ikke endre deres skjebne, fordi de i Gilead skar opp gravide kvinner for å utvide sine grenser.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus sayeth the LORDE: For thre ad foure wickednesses of the children off Ammon, I will not spare them: because they rypte vp the wome greate with childe in Galaad, to make the borders of their londes the wyder.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayth ye Lord, For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for foure, I will not turne to it, because they haue ript vp the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus saith the Lord, For three wickednesses of the children of Ammon, and for foure I will not spare them: because they haue ript vp the women with childe of Gilead, that they might enlarge their borders.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away [the punishment] thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they have ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead, That they may enlarge their border.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of the sons of Ammon, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their ripping up the pregnant ones of Gilead, To enlarge their border,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they may enlarge their border.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because in Gilead they had women with child cut open, so that they might make wider the limits of their land.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they have ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead, that they may enlarge their border.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is what the LORD says:“Because the Ammonites have committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They ripped open Gilead’s pregnant women so they could expand their territory.

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 25:2-7 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *śîm* *pānêkā* *ʾel*-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *wə-hinnābēʾ* *ʿălêhem*", "grammar": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "construct phrase, vocative - son of man", "*śîm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - set/place", "*pānêkā*": "noun common masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your face", "*ʾel*-*bənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - toward sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wə-hinnābēʾ*": "waw conjunctive + niphal imperative, masculine singular - and prophesy", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them" }, "variants": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/mortal human/prophet (as divine address)", "*śîm* *pānêkā*": "set your face/turn toward/direct your attention", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon/Ammonites/people of Ammon" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.3", "source": "וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה יַעַן֩ אָמְרֵ֨ךְ הֶאָ֜ח אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י כִֽי־נִחָ֗ל וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּ֣י נָשַׁ֔מָּה וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּ֥י הָלְכ֖וּ בַּגּוֹלָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾāmartā* *libnê* *ʿammôn* *šimʿû* *dəbar*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʾomrēk* *heʾāḥ* *ʾel*-*miqdāšî* *kî*-*niḥāl* *wə-ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *nāšammâ* *wə-ʾel*-*bêt* *yəhûdâ* *kî* *hālkû* *baggôlâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmartā*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*libnê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to the sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*-*ʾădōnāy*": "construct - word of Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*kōh*-*ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾomrēk*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your saying", "*heʾāḥ*": "interjection - Aha!/Ha!", "*ʾel*-*miqdāšî*": "preposition + noun + 1st singular suffix - against my sanctuary", "*kî*-*niḥāl*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - because it was profaned", "*wə-ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun feminine construct - and against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*nāšammâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was desolate", "*wə-ʾel*-*bêt*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun masculine construct - and against the house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*hālkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went", "*baggôlâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - into the exile" }, "variants": { "*heʾāḥ*": "expression of joy/gloating/triumph", "*miqdāšî*": "my sanctuary/my holy place/my temple", "*niḥāl*": "was profaned/was defiled/was desecrated", "*nāšammâ*": "was desolate/was laid waste/was ruined", "*baggôlâ*": "into exile/into captivity" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.4", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נֹתְנָ֨ךְ לִבְנֵי־קֶ֜דֶם לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֗ה וְיִשְּׁב֤וּ טִירֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְנָ֥תְנוּ בָ֖ךְ מִשְׁכְּנֵיהֶ֑ם הֵ֚מָּה יֹאכְל֣וּ פִרְיֵ֔ךְ וְהֵ֖מָּה יִשְׁתּ֥וּ חֲלָבֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *nōtənāk* *libnê*-*qedem* *ləmôrāšâ* *wə-yiššəbû* *ṭîrôtêhem* *bāk* *wə-nātnû* *bāk* *miškənêhem* *hēmmâ* *yōʾklû* *piryēk* *wə-hēmmâ* *yištû* *ḥălābēk*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nōtənāk*": "qal participle masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - giving you", "*libnê*-*qedem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + noun - to the sons of the east", "*ləmôrāšâ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for a possession", "*wə-yiššəbû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will establish", "*ṭîrôtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their encampments", "*bāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you", "*wə-nātnû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will set", "*bāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you", "*miškənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dwellings", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yōʾklû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will eat", "*piryēk*": "noun masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fruit", "*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - and they", "*yištû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will drink", "*ḥălābēk*": "noun masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your milk" }, "variants": { "*bnê-qedem*": "sons of the east/people of the east/eastern tribes", "*ṭîrôtêhem*": "their encampments/their settlements/their fortified camps", "*miškənêhem*": "their dwellings/their tents/their habitations", "*piryēk*": "your fruit/your produce/your crops", "*ḥălābēk*": "your milk/your dairy products/your richness" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.5", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־רַבָּה֙ לִנְוֵ֣ה גְמַלִּ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְמִרְבַּץ־צֹ֑אן וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-nātattî* *ʾet*-*rabbâ* *linwēh* *gəmallîm* *wə-ʾet*-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *ləmirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn* *wîdaʿtem* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-nātattî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will make", "*ʾet*-*rabbâ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Rabbah", "*linwēh*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for a pasture of", "*gəmallîm*": "noun masculine plural - camels", "*wə-ʾet*-*bənê*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - and the sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ləmirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - for a resting place of flocks", "*wîdaʿtem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*rabbâ*": "Rabbah (capital city of Ammon)", "*nwēh* *gəmallîm*": "pasture of camels/dwelling place for camels", "*mirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn*": "resting place for flocks/fold for sheep" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.6", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן מַחְאֲךָ֣ יָ֔ד וְרַקְעֲךָ֖ בְּרָ֑גֶל וַתִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ֙ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ אֶל־אַדְמַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *maḥʾăkā* *yād* *wə-raqʿăkā* *bərāgel* *wa-tiśmaḥ* *bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš* *ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*maḥʾăkā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your clapping", "*yād*": "noun feminine singular - hand", "*wə-raqʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your stamping", "*bərāgel*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with foot", "*wa-tiśmaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you rejoiced", "*bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā*": "preposition + noun + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with all your contempt", "*bənepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in soul/with inner feeling", "*ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*maḥʾăkā* *yād*": "your clapping of hand/your applauding/your gesture of joy", "*raqʿăkā* *bərāgel*": "your stamping with foot/your gestures of scorn", "*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš*": "your contempt in soul/your deep-seated disdain/your heartfelt scorn" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.7", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֤יךָֽ־לְבַז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךָ מִן־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת אַשְׁמִ֣ידְךָ֔ וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* *ʿālêkā* *ûnətattîkā*-*ləbaz* *laggôyim* *wəhikrattîkā* *min*-*hāʿammîm* *wəhaʾăbadtîkā* *min*-*hāʾărāṣôt* *ʾašmîdəkā* *wəyādaʿtā* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nāṭîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I will stretch out", "*ʾet*-*yādî*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ûnətattîkā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will give you", "*ləbaz*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - as spoil/plunder", "*laggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - to the nations", "*wəhikrattîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will cut you off", "*min*-*hāʿammîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - from the peoples", "*wəhaʾăbadtîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will destroy you", "*min*-*hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the lands", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will annihilate you", "*wəyādaʿtā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî*": "I stretch out my hand/I extend my power/I take action", "*ləbaz*": "plunder/spoil/prey", "*hikrattîkā*": "cut you off/eliminate you/remove you", "*haʾăbadtîkā*": "destroy you/cause you to perish/exterminate you", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "annihilate you/exterminate you/wipe you out" } }
• Jer 49:1-6 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.1", "source": "לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲבָנִ֥ים אֵין֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־יוֹרֵ֖שׁ אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ מַדּ֗וּעַ יָרַ֤שׁ מַלְכָּם֙ אֶת־גָּ֔ד וְעַמּ֖וֹ בְּעָרָ֥יו יָשָֽׁב׃", "text": "Concerning *bənê* *ʿammôn* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, are there *bānîm* not to *yiśrāʾēl*, if *yôrēš* not to him? *Maddûaʿ* *yāraš* *malkām* *ʾet*-*gād* *wə*-*ʿammô* in *ʿārāyw* *yāšāb*?", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine, plural - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun, refers to the Ammonites, descendants of Lot", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children/descendants", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yôrēš*": "active participle, masculine singular - heir/inheritor", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why/for what reason", "*yāraš*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - inherited/possessed/dispossessed", "*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gād*": "proper noun - Gad (Israelite tribe)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his people", "*ʿārāyw*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his/its cities", "*yāšāb*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - dwelt/settled/inhabited" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*yāraš*": "inherited/possessed/dispossessed/took possession of", "*yôrēš*": "heir/inheritor/one who takes possession" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.2", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּה֩ יָמִ֨ים בָּאִ֜ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְ֠הִשְׁמַעְתִּי אֶל־רַבַּ֨ת בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן תְּרוּעַ֣ת מִלְחָמָ֗ה וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְתֵ֣ל שְׁמָמָ֔ה וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּצַּ֑תְנָה וְיָרַ֧שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־יֹרְשָׁ֖יו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore *hinnēh* *yāmîm* *bāʾîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *wə*-*hišmaʿtî* to-*rabbat* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *tərûʿat* *milḥāmāh*, *wə*-*hāyətāh* for-*tēl* *šəmāmāh*, *û*-*bənôtêhā* in-*ʾēš* *tiṣṣatnāh*, *wə*-*yāraš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*yōrəšāyw* *ʾāmar* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*bāʾîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - coming", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hišmaʿtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will cause to hear/sound", "*rabbat*": "construct state - capital city of", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*tərûʿat*": "construct state - alarm/shout/battle cry of", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become", "*tēl*": "masculine singular noun - mound/ruin", "*šəmāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bənôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her daughters/surrounding villages", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*tiṣṣatnāh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be set on fire", "*yāraš*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will possess/inherit", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yōrəšāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his dispossessors/those who took possession of him", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yāraš*": "possess/inherit/dispossess", "*bənôtêhā*": "her daughters/surrounding villages/dependent towns", "*tēl*": "mound/heap/ruin" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.3", "source": "הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃", "text": "*hêlîlî* *ḥešbôn* because *šuddədāh*-*ʿay*, *ṣəʿaqnāh* *bənôt* *rabbāh*, *ḥăgōrnāh* *śaqqîm*, *səp̱ōdnāh* *wə*-*hitšôṭaṭnāh* in-*gədērôt*; because *malkām* into-*gôlāh* *yēlēk*, *kōhănāyw* *wə*-*śārāyw* *yaḥdāw*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - wail/howl", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*šuddədāh*": "pual perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has been devastated", "*ʿay*": "proper noun - Ai (city)", "*ṣəʿaqnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - cry out", "*bənôt*": "feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*rabbāh*": "proper noun - Rabbah (capital city of Ammon)", "*ḥăgōrnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*səp̱ōdnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - lament/mourn", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "hithpael imperative, feminine plural - roam about/run to and fro", "*gədērôt*": "feminine plural noun + definite article - sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)", "*gôlāh*": "feminine singular noun with prefix - exile/captivity", "*yēlēk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will go", "*kōhănāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his priests", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his princes/officials", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*gədērôt*": "sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "roam about/run to and fro/wander aimlessly" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.4", "source": "מַה־תִּתְהַֽלְלִי֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים זָ֣ב עִמְקֵ֔ךְ הַבַּ֖ת הַשּֽׁוֹבֵבָ֑ה הַבֹּֽטְחָה֙ בְּאֹ֣צְרֹתֶ֔יהָ מִ֖י יָב֥וֹא אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "Why *tithallî* in-*ʿămāqîm*? *zāb* *ʿimqēk*, *ha*-*bat* *ha*-*šôbēbāh*, *ha*-*bōṭḥāh* in-*ʾôṣrôtêhā*, who *yābôʾ* to me?", "grammar": { "*tithallî*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you boast/glory", "*ʿămāqîm*": "masculine plural noun + prefix - valleys", "*zāb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - flowing/abundant", "*ʿimqēk*": "masculine singular noun + 2fs suffix - your valley", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun - daughter", "*šôbēbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - backsliding/rebellious", "*bōṭḥāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - trusting", "*ʾôṣrôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her treasures", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will come" }, "variants": { "*zāb*": "flowing/abundant/gushing", "*šôbēbāh*": "backsliding/rebellious/wayward", "*ʿămāqîm*": "valleys/low places" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.5", "source": "הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא עָלַ֜יִךְ פַּ֗חַד נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ וְנִדַּחְתֶּם֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מְקַבֵּ֖ץ לַנֹּדֵֽד׃", "text": "*Hinənî* *mēbîʾ* upon you *paḥad*, *nəʾum*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*, from all-*səbîbāyik*; *wə*-*niddaḥtem* *ʾîš* to-*pānāyw*, *wə*-*ʾên* *məqabbēṣ* for-*nōdēd*.", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "particle + 1cs suffix - behold me/here I am", "*mēbîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular noun - terror/dread", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*səbîbāyik*": "masculine plural noun + 2fs suffix - your surroundings", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niddaḥtem*": "niphal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be driven away", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun (with singular meaning) + 3ms suffix - his face/before him", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*məqabbēṣ*": "piel participle, masculine singular - one gathering/assembler", "*nōdēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - wanderer/fugitive" }, "variants": { "*paḥad*": "terror/dread/fear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*nōdēd*": "wanderer/fugitive/one who flees" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.6", "source": "וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʾaḥărê*-*kēn* *ʾāšîb* *ʾet*-*šəbût* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāšîb*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will restore/return", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šəbût*": "feminine singular noun - captivity/fortune", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*šəbût*": "captivity/fortune/former state" } }
• Isa 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.8", "source": "ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maggîʿê* *bayit* to *bəbayit*, *śādeh* to *bəśādeh* *yaqrîbû*; until *ʿad* *ʾepes* *māqôm* and *wə*-you are *hûšabttem* *ləbaddəkem* in the *bəqereb* of the *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maggîʿê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - joining/touching", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*bəbayit*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to house", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*bəśādeh*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to field", "*yaqrîbû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they bring near/join", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾepes*": "masculine singular construct - end of/no more", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - place/space", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hûšabttem*": "hophal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you are made to dwell", "*ləbaddəkem*": "preposition with noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - by yourselves", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the land" }, "variants": { "*maggîʿê*": "joining/causing to touch/bringing together", "*ʾepes*": "end/extremity/ceasing", "*māqôm*": "place/space/room", "*bəqereb*": "midst/middle/interior" } }
• Zeph 2:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.8", "source": "שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*šāmaʿtî ḥerppath môʾāḇ wəḡiddûp̄ê bənê ʿammôn ʾăšer ḥērp̄û ʾeth-ʿammî wayyaḡdîlû ʿal-gəḇûlām*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have heard", "*ḥerppath*": "noun, feminine singular construct - reproach of/taunt of", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wəḡiddûp̄ê*": "noun, masculine plural construct with waw conjunction - and revilings of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who/that", "*ḥērp̄û*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have reproached/taunted", "*ʾeth-ʿammî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*wayyaḡdîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they magnified themselves", "*ʿal-gəḇûlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against their border" }, "variants": { "*ḥerppath*": "reproach/taunt/insult", "*ḡiddûp̄ê*": "revilings/insults/taunts", "*ḥērp̄û*": "reproached/taunted/insulted", "*wayyaḡdîlû*": "they magnified themselves/they boasted/they made themselves great", "*gəḇûlām*": "their border/their territory/their boundary" } } 9 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃", "text": "Therefore *ḥay-ʾānî nəʾum YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl kî-môʾāḇ kisdōm tihyeh ûḇənê ʿammôn kaʿămōrâ mimšaq ḥārûl ûmiḵrē-melaḥ ûšəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām šəʾērîth ʿammî yəḇāzzûm wəyeter gôyî yinḥālûm*", "grammar": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "adjective + 1st person singular independent pronoun - as I live", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî-môʾāḇ*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Moab", "*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah", "*mimšaq*": "noun, masculine singular - possession of", "*ḥārûl*": "noun, masculine singular - nettles", "*ûmiḵrē-melaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - and pit of salt", "*ûšəmāmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*šəʾērîth*": "noun, feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will plunder them", "*wəyeter*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of", "*gôyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my nation", "*yinḥālûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will inherit them" }, "variants": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "of hosts/of armies", "*mimšaq*": "possession/breeding place", "*ḥārûl*": "nettles/weeds/thorns", "*miḵrē-melaḥ*": "pit of salt/salt mine", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "plunder them/spoil them/take as prey", "*yinḥālûm*": "inherit them/possess them/take as possession" } }
• Ezek 35:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.35.10", "source": "יַ֣עַן אֲ֠מָרְךָ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֨י הַגּוֹיִ֜ם וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֧י הָאֲרָצ֛וֹת לִ֥י תִהְיֶ֖ינָה וִֽירַשְׁנ֑וּהָ וַֽיהוָ֖ה שָׁ֥ם הָיָֽה׃", "text": "*Yaʿan* your *ʾāmārḵā* *ʾet*-*šənê* the *haggôyim* and *ʾet*-*šəttê* the *hāʾărāṣôt* to me *tihyênâ* and *wîrašnûhā*; and *YHWH* there *hāyâ*.", "grammar": { "*Yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾāmārḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your saying", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šənê*": "number dual construct - two of", "*haggôyim*": "article + noun masculine plural - the nations", "*šəttê*": "number feminine dual construct - two of", "*hāʾărāṣôt*": "article + noun feminine plural - the lands", "*tihyênâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they will be", "*wîrašnûhā*": "qal perfect 1st common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - we will possess it", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was" }, "variants": { "*Yaʿan*": "because/since", "*ʾāmārḵā*": "your saying/your thinking", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/peoples", "*hāʾărāṣôt*": "the lands/countries", "*tihyênâ*": "they will be/they shall become", "*wîrašnûhā*": "we will possess it/we will inherit it/we will take possession of it", "*hāyâ*": "he was/he existed/he was present" } }
• Amos 1:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Amos.1.3", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י דַמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־דּוּשָׁ֛ם בַּחֲרֻצ֥וֹת הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל אֶת־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* for-*šəlōšāh* *pišʿê* *dammeśeq* and-for-*ʾarbāʿāh* not *ʾăšîbenû* for-*dûšām* with-*ḥăruṣôt* *habbarzel* *ʾet*-*haggilʿād*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of", "*dammeśeq*": "proper name - Damascus", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it", "*dûšām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their threshing", "*ḥăruṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - threshing sledges/implements", "*habbarzel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the iron", "*haggilʿād*": "definite article + proper name - the Gilead" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment", "*dûšām*": "their threshing/their trampling", "*ḥăruṣôt*": "threshing instruments/sharp implements" } }
• Hab 2:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.5", "source": "וְאַף֙ כִּֽי־הַיַּ֣יִן בּוֹגֵ֔ד גֶּ֥בֶר יָהִ֖יר וְלֹ֣א יִנְוֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֩ הִרְחִ֨יב כִּשְׁא֜וֹל נַפְשׁ֗וֹ וְה֤וּא כַמָּ֙וֶת֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔ע וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֵלָיו֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ץ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃", "text": "And moreover because *hayyayin bôgēd*, *geber yāhîr* and not *yinweh*, who *hirḥîb* like *šĕʾôl napšô*, and he like *mawet* and not *yiśbāʿ*, and *yeʾĕsōp* unto him all *haggôyim* and *yiqbōṣ* unto him all *hāʿammîm*.", "grammar": { "*hayyayin*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the wine", "*bôgēd*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - betraying/treacherous", "*geber*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/strong man", "*yāhîr*": "adjective, masculine, singular - proud/arrogant", "*yinweh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he dwells/rests/succeeds", "*hirḥîb*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he enlarges/expands", "*šĕʾôl*": "noun, feminine, singular - sheol/grave/underworld", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/appetite", "*mawet*": "noun, masculine, singular - death", "*yiśbāʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is satisfied", "*yeʾĕsōp*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he gathers", "*haggôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the nations", "*yiqbōṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he collects", "*hāʿammîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the peoples" }, "variants": { "*bôgēd*": "treacherous/betraying/dealing treacherously", "*yāhîr*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous", "*yinweh*": "dwells/rests/is satisfied/succeeds", "*šĕʾôl*": "sheol/grave/underworld/place of the dead", "*napšô*": "his appetite/desire/soul" } } 6 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.6", "source": "הֲלוֹא־אֵ֣לֶּה כֻלָּ֗ם עָלָיו֙ מָשָׁ֣ל יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּמְלִיצָ֖ה חִיד֣וֹת ל֑וֹ וְיֹאמַ֗ר ה֚וֹי הַמַּרְבֶּ֣ה לֹּא־ל֔וֹ עַד־מָתַ֕י וּמַכְבִּ֥יד עָלָ֖יו עַבְטִֽיט׃", "text": "Will not these all of them against him *māšāl yiśśāʾû* and *mĕlîṣâ ḥîdôt* for him? And it will say, '*hôy hammarbe* not to him! Until when? And *makbîd* upon him *ʿabṭîṭ*.'", "grammar": { "*māšāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - proverb/taunt/parable", "*yiśśāʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lift up/take up", "*mĕlîṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - mocking poem/satire", "*ḥîdôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - riddles of", "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hammarbe*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one increasing", "*makbîd*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - loading/making heavy", "*ʿabṭîṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular - pledge/debt/thick clay" }, "variants": { "*māšāl*": "taunt/proverb/parable/riddle", "*mĕlîṣâ*": "mocking poem/satire/taunting riddle", "*ḥîdôt*": "riddles/enigmas/dark sayings", "*makbîd*": "making heavy/loading/burdening", "*ʿabṭîṭ*": "pledges/thick clay/debt" } }
• Ezek 21:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.21.28", "source": "וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם *כקסום־**כִּקְסָם־שָׁוְא֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁבֻעֵ֥י שְׁבֻע֖וֹת לָהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־מַזְכִּ֥יר עָוֺ֖ן לְהִתָּפֵֽשׂ", "text": "*wə*-*hāyâ* *lāhem* *kiqsām*-*šāwəʾ* *bəʿênêhem* *šəbuʿê* *šəbuʿôt* *lāhem* *wə*-*hûʾ*-*mazkîr* *ʿāwōn* *ləhittāpēś*", "grammar": { "*wə*-*hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kiqsām*-*šāwəʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - like divination of falsehood", "*bəʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their eyes", "*šəbuʿê*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural construct - sworn of", "*šəbuʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - oaths", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə*-*hûʾ*": "conjunction + pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - and he", "*mazkîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing to remember", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity", "*ləhittāpēś*": "niphal infinitive construct + preposition - to be seized" }, "variants": { "*kiqsām*-*šāwəʾ*": "like divination of falsehood/like false oracle/like empty prediction", "*bəʿênêhem*": "in their eyes/in their sight/in their opinion", "*šəbuʿê* *šəbuʿôt*": "sworn oaths/vows under oath/sacred pledges", "*mazkîr*": "causing to remember/bringing to mind/reminding", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*ləhittāpēś*": "to be seized/to be caught/to be captured" } }
• Deut 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.19", "source": "וְקָרַבְתָּ֗ מ֚וּל בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-qāraḇtā* *mûl* *bənê* *ʿammôn* *ʾal*-*təṣurêm* *wə-ʾal*-*titgār* *bām* *kî* not-*ʾettên* from-*ʾereṣ* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* to-you *yəruššāh* *kî* to-*bənê*-*lôṭ* *nətattîhā* *yəruššāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-qāraḇtā*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you will come near/approach", "*mûl*": "preposition - opposite/facing/in front of", "*bənê*": "noun, construct state, masculine plural - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*təṣurêm*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - harass/distress/besiege them", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*titgār*": "verb, Hithpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - engage in strife/provoke/contend", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them/against them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾettên*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*yəruššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - possession/inheritance", "*nətattîhā*": "verb, Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - I have given it", "*lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot" }, "variants": { "*mûl*": "opposite/facing/in front of/against", "*təṣurêm*": "harass them/besiege them/show hostility to them", "*titgār*": "engage in strife/provoke/contend/incite conflict", "*yəruššāh*": "possession/inheritance/property" } }
• Deut 23:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.3", "source": "לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *mamzēr* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-him in-*qəhal* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*mamzēr*": "masculine singular noun - illegitimate child/person of mixed ancestry", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*mamzēr*": "illegitimate child/bastard/person of mixed ancestry/offspring of prohibited union", "*dôr*": "generation/period/dwelling/circle", "*ʿăśîrî*": "tenth (generation)" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.4", "source": "לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *ʿammônî* and-*môʾābî* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-them in-*qəhal* *YHWH* until-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*môʾābî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Moabite", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/to/as far as", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity/perpetuity" }, "variants": { "*ʿammônî*": "Ammonite (person from Ammon)", "*môʾābî*": "Moabite (person from Moab)", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration/antiquity" } }
• Judg 10:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Judges.10.7", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן", "text": "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* in-*yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yimkərēm* in-*yad*-*pəlištîm* and-in-*yad* *bənê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + noun, masculine singular - and burned the nose/anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə-yimkərēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he sold them", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄*": "his anger burned/he became very angry", "*wə-yimkərēm*": "he sold them/he gave them over/he delivered them" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.10.8", "source": "וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד", "text": "*wə-yirʿăṣû* *wə-yərōṣəṣû* *ʾeṯ*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* in-*ha-šānāh* *ha-hîʾ* eighteen *šānāh* *ʾeṯ*-all-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* which in-*ʿēḇer* *ha-yardēn* in-*ʾereṣ* *hā-ʾĕmōrî* which in-*ha-gilʿāḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirʿăṣû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they crushed", "*wə-yərōṣəṣû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3mp - and they shattered", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-šānāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the year", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*ʿēḇer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - side of", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ha-gilʿāḏ*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilead" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirʿăṣû*": "they crushed/they oppressed", "*wə-yərōṣəṣû*": "they shattered/they broke to pieces/they oppressed severely", "*ʿēḇer*": "side/region/beyond" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.10.9", "source": "וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְהִלָּחֵ֛ם גַּם־בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖ין וּבְבֵ֣ית אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֥צֶר לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְאֹֽד", "text": "*wə-yaʿaḇrû* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yardēn* *lə-hillāḥēm* also-in-*yəhûḏāh* and-in-*binyāmîn* and-in-*bêṯ* *ʾep̄rāyim* *wə-tēṣer* to-*yiśrāʾēl* very", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿaḇrû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they crossed over", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*binyāmîn*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*bêṯ* *ʾep̄rāyim*": "house of Ephraim", "*wə-tēṣer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it became distressed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿaḇrû*": "they crossed over/they passed through", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "to fight/to wage war", "*wə-tēṣer*": "it became distressed/it was in straits/it was pressed hard" } }
• Judg 11:15-28 : 15 { "verseID": "Judges.11.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יִפְתָּ֑ח לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* to-him thus *'āmar* *Yiptach* not-*lāqaḥ* *Yiśrā'ēl* 'et-*'ereş* *Mô'āḇ* and-'et-*'ereş* *bənê* *'Ammôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*'āmar*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*lāqaḥ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*'ereş*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Mô'āḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*'ereş*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/seized/captured" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.11.16", "source": "כִּ֖י בַּעֲלוֹתָ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ עַד־יַם־ס֔וּף וַיָּבֹ֖א קָדֵֽשָׁה׃", "text": "*Kî* in *ʿălôtām* from *miṣrayim* *wayyēlek* *yiśrāʾēl* in *midbar* unto *yam-sûp* *wayyābōʾ* *qādēšâ*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*ʿălôtām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person plural suffix - in their going up", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*midbar*": "noun masculine singular with preposition bet - in wilderness", "*yam-sûp*": "construct noun phrase - Sea of Reeds/Red Sea", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he came", "*qādēšâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Kadesh" }, "variants": { "*Kî*": "for/because/when/that", "*ʿălôtām*": "their going up/ascent/departure", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert", "*yam-sûp*": "Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.11.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱד֨וֹם ׀ לֵאמֹ֜ר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֔וֹם וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מוֹאָ֛ב שָׁלַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wayyišlaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *malʾākîm* unto *melek* *ʾĕdôm* *lēʾmōr* *ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ* in *ʾarṣĕkā* *wĕlōʾ* *šāmaʿ* *melek* *ʾĕdôm* *wĕgam* unto *melek* *môʾāb* *šālaḥ* *wĕlōʾ* *ʾābâ* *wayyēšeb* *yiśrāʾēl* in *qādēš*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he sent", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malʾākîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers/angels", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed with qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st singular cohortative with particle of entreaty - let me pass, please", "*ʾarṣĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he listened/heeded", "*wĕgam*": "conjunction with particle - and also", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he sent", "*ʾābâ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he was willing/consented", "*wayyēšeb*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he dwelled/remained", "*qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh" }, "variants": { "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/angels/ambassadors", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ*": "let me pass, please/I will pass through, please", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*ʾābâ*": "was willing/consented/agreed" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.11.18", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיָּ֜סָב אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ אֱדוֹם֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֤א מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּן בְּעֵ֣בֶר אַרְנ֑וֹן וְלֹא־בָ֙אוּ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י אַרְנ֖וֹן גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wayyēlek* in *midbar* *wayyāsāb* *ʾet-ʾereṣ* *ʾĕdôm* *wĕʾet-ʾereṣ* *môʾāb* *wayyābōʾ* from *mizraḥ-šemeš* to *ʾereṣ* *môʾāb* *wayyaḥănûn* in *ʿēber* *ʾarnôn* *wĕlōʾ-bāʾû* in *gĕbûl* *môʾāb* *kî* *ʾarnôn* *gĕbûl* *môʾāb*", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went", "*midbar*": "noun masculine singular with preposition bet - in wilderness", "*wayyāsāb*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went around", "*ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "direct object marker with noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*wĕʾet-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction with direct object marker with noun feminine singular construct - and land of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he came", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "construct chain - east (rising of sun)", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*wayyaḥănûn*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped", "*ʿēber*": "noun masculine singular construct with preposition bet - at side of", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon", "*wĕlōʾ-bāʾû*": "conjunction with negative particle and qal perfect 3rd plural - and they did not enter", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct with preposition bet - in border/territory of", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - border/territory of" }, "variants": { "*wayyāsāb*": "went around/circled/surrounded", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "east/sunrise", "*ʿēber*": "side/region/beyond", "*gĕbûl*": "border/territory/boundary" } } 19 { "verseID": "Judges.11.19", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּ֥א בְאַרְצְךָ֖ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃", "text": "*wayyišlaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *malʾākîm* unto *sîḥôn* *melek-hāʾĕmōrî* *melek* *ḥešbôn* *wayyōʾmer* to him *yiśrāʾēl* *naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ* in *ʾarṣĕkā* unto *mĕqômî*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he sent", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malʾākîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers/angels", "*sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*melek-hāʾĕmōrî*": "noun masculine singular construct with definite article and proper noun - king of the Amorite", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he said", "*naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative with particle of entreaty - let us pass, please", "*ʾarṣĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*mĕqômî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my place" }, "variants": { "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/angels/ambassadors", "*naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ*": "let us pass, please/we will pass through, please", "*mĕqômî*": "my place/my location/my destination" } } 20 { "verseID": "Judges.11.20", "source": "וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִ֨ין סִיח֤וֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻל֔וֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף סִיחוֹן֙ אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָ֑הְצָה וַיִלָּ֖חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wĕlōʾ-heʾĕmîn* *sîḥôn* *ʾet-yiśrāʾēl* *ʿăbōr* in *gĕbulô* *wayyeʾĕsōp* *sîḥôn* *ʾet-kol-ʿammô* *wayyaḥănû* in *yāhṣâ* *wayyillāḥem* with *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wĕlōʾ-heʾĕmîn*": "conjunction with negative particle and hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - and he did not trust", "*sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Israel", "*ʿăbōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to pass through", "*gĕbulô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition bet - in his territory", "*wayyeʾĕsōp*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he gathered", "*ʾet-kol-ʿammô*": "direct object marker with noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all his people", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped", "*yāhṣâ*": "proper noun - Jahaz", "*wayyillāḥem*": "waw consecutive with niphal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he fought", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*heʾĕmîn*": "trusted/believed/had confidence in", "*ʿăbōr*": "to pass through/cross over", "*gĕbulô*": "his territory/border/land", "*wayyeʾĕsōp*": "gathered/assembled/collected" } } 21 { "verseID": "Judges.11.21", "source": "וַ֠יִּתֵּן יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־סִיח֧וֹן וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֛וֹ בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּכּ֑וּם וַיִּירַשׁ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִֽיא׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê-yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet-sîḥôn* *wĕʾet-kol-ʿammô* in *yad* *yiśrāʾēl* *wayyakkûm* *wayyîraš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt* all *ʾereṣ* *hāʾĕmōrî* *yôšēb* *hāʾāreṣ* *hahîʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê-yiśrāʾēl*": "noun masculine plural construct with proper noun - God of Israel", "*ʾet-sîḥôn*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Sihon", "*wĕʾet-kol-ʿammô*": "conjunction with direct object marker and noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and all his people", "*yad*": "noun feminine singular construct with preposition bet - into hand of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyakkûm*": "waw consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd plural suffix - and they struck them", "*wayyîraš*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he possessed/conquered", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*wayyakkûm*": "struck them/defeated them/smote them", "*wayyîraš*": "possessed/inherited/conquered/dispossessed", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } } 22 { "verseID": "Judges.11.22", "source": "וַיִּ֣ירְשׁ֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־גְּב֣וּל הָאֱמֹרִ֑י מֵֽאַרְנוֹן֙ וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֔ק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃", "text": "*wayyîrĕšû* *ʾēt* all *gĕbûl* *hāʾĕmōrî* from *ʾarnôn* and unto *hayyabbōq* and from *hammidbar* and unto *hayyardēn*", "grammar": { "*wayyîrĕšû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they possessed/conquered", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory/border of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun with preposition min - from Arnon", "*hayyabbōq*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition ad - to the Jabbok", "*hammidbar*": "noun masculine singular with definite article and preposition min - from the wilderness", "*hayyardēn*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition ad - to the Jordan" }, "variants": { "*wayyîrĕšû*": "possessed/inherited/conquered/dispossessed", "*gĕbûl*": "territory/border/boundary" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.11.23", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י עַמּ֣וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃", "text": "*wĕʿattâ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hôrîš* *ʾet-hāʾĕmōrî* from *pĕnê* *ʿammô* *yiśrāʾēl* *wĕʾattâ* *tîrāšennû*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction with adverb - and now", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hôrîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - he dispossessed", "*ʾet-hāʾĕmōrî*": "direct object marker with proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*pĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct with preposition min - from before/from presence of", "*ʿammô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wĕʾattâ*": "conjunction with personal pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - and you", "*tîrāšennû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will possess it" }, "variants": { "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out/disinherited", "*pĕnê*": "face/presence/before", "*tîrāšennû*": "you will possess it/you will inherit it/you will take possession of it" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.11.24", "source": "הֲלֹ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ֛ כְּמ֥וֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אוֹת֥וֹ תִירָ֑שׁ וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹרִ֜ישׁ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ אוֹת֥וֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*hălōʾ* *ʾēt* which *yôrîšĕkā* *kĕmôš* *ʾĕlōhêkā* it *tîrāš* and *ʾēt* all which *hôrîš* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* from *pānênû* it *nîrāš*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative particle - is it not", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yôrîšĕkā*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he causes you to possess", "*kĕmôš*": "proper noun - Chemosh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your god", "*tîrāš*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will possess", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hôrîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - he dispossessed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*pānênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix with preposition min - from before us", "*nîrāš*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will possess" }, "variants": { "*yôrîšĕkā*": "causes you to possess/gives you to inherit/lets you take", "*tîrāš*": "you will possess/you will inherit/you will take possession of", "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out/disinherited", "*pānênû*": "our presence/before us/our face", "*nîrāš*": "we will possess/we will inherit/we will take possession of" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.11.25", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲט֥וֹב טוֹב֙ אַתָּ֔ה מִבָּלָ֥ק בֶּן־צִפּ֖וֹר מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב הֲר֥וֹב רָב֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־נִלְחֹ֥ם נִלְחַ֖ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wĕʿattâ* *hăṭôb ṭôb* you from *bālāq* *ben-ṣippôr* *melek* *môʾāb* *hărôb rāb* with *yiśrāʾēl* if *nilḥōm nilḥam* with them", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction with adverb - and now", "*hăṭôb ṭôb*": "interrogative particle with infinitive absolute and adjective masculine singular - are you indeed better", "*bālāq*": "proper noun with preposition min - than Balak", "*ben-ṣippôr*": "noun masculine singular construct with proper noun - son of Zippor", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hărôb rāb*": "interrogative particle with infinitive absolute and qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did he indeed contend", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition im - with Israel", "*nilḥōm nilḥam*": "niphal infinitive absolute and niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did he ever fight", "*bām*": "preposition bet with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*hăṭôb ṭôb*": "are you indeed better/are you really better", "*hărôb rāb*": "did he indeed contend/did he really strive/did he ever quarrel", "*nilḥōm nilḥam*": "did he ever fight/did he actually battle/did he truly wage war" } } 26 { "verseID": "Judges.11.26", "source": "בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וּבְעַרְע֣וֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אַרְנ֔וֹן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃", "text": "In *šebet* *yiśrāʾēl* in *ḥešbôn* and in *bĕnôtêhā* and in *ʿarʿôr* and in *bĕnôtêhā* and in all *heʿārîm* which upon *yĕdê* *ʾarnôn* *šĕlōš mēʾôt šānâ* and *maddûaʿ* *lōʾ-hiṣṣaltem* in *hāʿēt* *hahîʾ*", "grammar": { "*šebet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition bet - in dwelling of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun with preposition bet - in Heshbon", "*bĕnôtêhā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition bet - and in her daughter-towns", "*ʿarʿôr*": "proper noun with preposition bet - in Aroer", "*heʿārîm*": "noun feminine plural with definite article - the cities", "*yĕdê*": "noun feminine dual construct - banks of", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon", "*šĕlōš mēʾôt šānâ*": "numeral feminine construct and numeral and noun feminine singular - three hundred years", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*lōʾ-hiṣṣaltem*": "negative particle and hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you did not recover", "*hāʿēt*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the time", "*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*šebet*": "dwelling of/sitting of/residing of", "*bĕnôtêhā*": "her daughters/her dependent towns", "*yĕdê*": "banks of/sides of/hands of", "*hiṣṣaltem*": "recovered/rescued/delivered" } } 27 { "verseID": "Judges.11.27", "source": "וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ לֹֽא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֞ה עֹשֶׂ֥ה אִתִּ֛י רָעָ֖ה לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בִּ֑י יִשְׁפֹּ֨ט יְהוָ֤ה הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *ʾānōkî* *lōʾ-ḥāṭāʾtî* to you, and you *ʿōśê* with me *rāʿâ* *lĕhillāḥēm* in me. *yišpōṭ* *YHWH* *haššōpēṭ* *hayyôm* between *bĕnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and between *bĕnê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*lōʾ-ḥāṭāʾtî*": "negative particle and qal perfect 1st person singular - I have not sinned", "*ʿōśê*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - doing", "*rāʿâ*": "adjective feminine singular - evil/wrong", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition lamed with niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*yišpōṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he judge", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*haššōpēṭ*": "qal participle masculine singular with definite article - the judge", "*hayyôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - today", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "sinned/offended/done wrong", "*ʿōśê*": "doing/committing/performing", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/wrong/harm", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to battle/to wage war", "*yišpōṭ*": "may judge/will judge/let judge", "*haššōpēṭ*": "the judge/the one who judges" } } 28 { "verseID": "Judges.11.28", "source": "וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ע מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֔ח אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלַ֖ח אֵלָֽיו׃ פ", "text": "And *lōʾ šāmaʿ* *melek* *bĕnê* *ʿammôn* unto *dibrê* *yiptāḥ* which *šālaḥ* unto him", "grammar": { "*lōʾ šāmaʿ*": "negative particle and qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did not listen", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*yiptāḥ*": "proper noun - Jephthah", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʾēlāw*": "preposition el with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "listened/heeded/obeyed", "*dibrê*": "words/speeches/matters", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched" } }
• 1 Sam 11:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.1", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַל נָחָשׁ֙ הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֔י וַיִּ֖חַן עַל־יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֤י יָבֵישׁ֙ אֶל־נָחָ֔שׁ כְּרָת־לָ֥נוּ בְרִ֖ית וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *nāḥāš* the *ʿammônî* and *wayyiḥan* against *yābēš* *gilʿād* and *wayyōʾmərû* all *ʾanšê* *yābēš* to *nāḥāš* *kərāt-lānû* *bərît* and *wənaʿabdekā*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*nāḥāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nahash", "*ʿammônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wayyiḥan*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he encamped", "*yābēš*": "proper noun - Jabesh", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*kərāt-lānû*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + preposition + 1st person plural suffix - cut for us", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*wənaʿabdekā*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and we will serve you" }, "variants": { "*nāḥāš*": "Nahash (name meaning 'serpent')", "*yābēš gilʿād*": "Jabesh-Gilead (city name)", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*naʿabdekā*": "serve you/be your subjects/be subservient to you" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם נָחָשׁ֙ הָעַמּוֹנִ֔י בְּזֹאת֙ אֶכְרֹ֣ת לָכֶ֔ם בִּנְק֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־עֵ֣ין יָמִ֑ין וְשַׂמְתִּ֥יהָ חֶרְפָּ֖ה עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *nāḥāš* the *ʿammônî* in *bəzōʾt* I will *ʾekrōt* to you in *binqôr* to you all eye *yāmîn* and *wəśamtîhā* *ḥerpâ* on all *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāḥāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nahash", "*ʿammônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*bəzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - in/with this", "*ʾekrōt*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will cut", "*binqôr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - in gouging out", "*yāmîn*": "noun, feminine singular - right", "*wəśamtîhā*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾekrōt*": "cut/make (covenant)", "*binqôr*": "in gouging out/by boring out/by piercing", "*ʿên yāmîn*": "right eye", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/insult" } }
• 2 Sam 10:1-8 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּ֕מָת מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ חָנ֥וּן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* *ʾaḥărê-kēn* and *wayyāmāt* *melek* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyimlōk* *ḥānûn* *bənô* *taḥtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*ʾaḥărê-kēn*": "preposition with demonstrative - after this/afterward", "*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he died", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wayyimlōk*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he reigned/became king", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*bənô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his son", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - in his place/instead of him" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/happened", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/people of" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed* with-*ḥānûn* *ben-nāḥāš* as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ʾābîw* with me *ḥesed* and *wayyišlaḥ* *dāwid* to-*nəḥămô* by-*yad-ʿăbādāyw* to-*ʾābîw* and *wayyābōʾû* *ʿabdê* *dāwid* *ʾereṣ* *bənê* *ʿammôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed*": "qal imperfect 1cs with direct object - I will show kindness", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ben-nāḥāš*": "construct phrase - son of Nahash", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - as, just as", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/showed", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father", "*ʿimmādî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - with me", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun - kindness/loyalty/favor", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*nəḥămô*": "piel infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - to comfort him", "*yad-ʿăbādāyw*": "construct phrase with 3ms suffix - by the hand of his servants", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came/entered", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "kindness/loyalty/favor/covenant faithfulness", "*nəḥămô*": "to comfort him/to console him" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.3", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* *śārê* *bənê-ʿammôn* to-*ḥānûn* *ʾădōnêhem* ?*haməkabbēd* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʾābîkā* in-*ʿênêkā* because-*kî-šālaḥ* to-you *mənaḥămîm* ?*hălôʾ* for-*baʿăbûr* *ḥăqôr* *ʾet-hāʿîr* and-to-*ləraggəlāh* and-to-*ləhāpkāh* *šālaḥ* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʿăbādāyw* to-you.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ʾădōnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their lord", "*haməkabbēd*": "interrogative prefix with piel participle ms - Is [David] honoring?", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*ʾet-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker with masculine singular noun with 2ms suffix - your father", "*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2ms suffix - in your eyes/opinion", "*kî-šālaḥ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3ms - because he sent", "*mənaḥămîm*": "piel participle mp - comforters", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/in order to", "*ḥăqôr*": "qal infinitive absolute - to search/investigate", "*ʾet-hāʿîr*": "direct object marker with definite article and feminine singular noun - the city", "*ləraggəlāh*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to spy it out", "*ləhāpkāh*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to overthrow it", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he sent", "*ʾet-ʿăbādāyw*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix - his servants", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*haməkabbēd*": "Is [David] honoring?/Is [David] showing respect?", "*ḥăqôr*": "to search/to investigate/to explore", "*ləraggəlāh*": "to spy it out/to scout it", "*ləhāpkāh*": "to overthrow it/to overturn it/to destroy it" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.4", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *ḥānûn* *ʾet-ʿabdê* *dāwid* and *wayəgallaḥ* *ʾet-ḥăṣî* *zəqānām* and *wayyikrōt* *ʾet-madwêhem* in-the-*baḥēṣî* until *ʿad* *šətôtêhem* and *wayšalləḥēm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he took/seized", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ʾet-ʿabdê*": "direct object marker with masculine plural construct - servants of", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayəgallaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms - and he shaved", "*ʾet-ḥăṣî*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - half of", "*zəqānām*": "masculine singular noun with 3mp suffix - their beard", "*wayyikrōt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he cut off", "*ʾet-madwêhem*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their garments", "*baḥēṣî*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular - in the middle", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*šətôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their buttocks", "*wayšalləḥēm*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms with 3mp suffix - and he sent them away" }, "variants": { "*wayəgallaḥ*": "and he shaved/and he cut off", "*madwêhem*": "their garments/their clothes", "*šətôtêhem*": "their buttocks/their sitting parts" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.5", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַד־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyaggîdû* to-*dāwid* and *wayyišlaḥ* to-*liqrāʾtām* for-*kî-hāyû* the-*hāʾănāšîm* *niklāmîm* very and *wayyōʾmer* the-*hammelek* stay *šəbû* in-*bîrēḥô* until-*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ* *zəqankkem* and *wəšabtem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaggîdû*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they told/reported", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*liqrāʾtām*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3mp suffix - to meet them", "*kî-hāyû*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3mp - because they were", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the men", "*niklāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - being humiliated/ashamed", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the king", "*šəbû*": "qal imperative mp - stay/remain", "*bîrēḥô*": "preposition with proper name - in Jericho", "*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ*": "preposition with qal imperfect 3ms - until it grows", "*zəqankkem*": "masculine singular noun with 2mp suffix - your beard", "*wəšabtem*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect 2mp - and [then] you shall return" }, "variants": { "*niklāmîm*": "humiliated/ashamed/embarrassed", "*yəṣammaḥ*": "grows/sprouts" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.6", "source": "וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ בְּדָוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֡וֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ אֶת־אֲרַ֨ם בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַ֣ם צוֹבָ֗א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה֙ אֶ֣לֶף אִ֔ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ ט֔וֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyirʾû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* that *kî* *nibʾăšû* against-*bədāwid* and *wayyišləḥû* *bənê-ʿammôn* and *wayyiśkərû* *ʾet-ʾăram* *bêt-rəḥôb* and *ʾet-ʾăram* *ṣôbāʾ* twenty *ʿeśrîm* thousand *ʾelep* *raglî* and *ʾet-melek* *maʿăkāh* one thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš* and *ʾîš* *ṭôb* twelve *šənêm-ʿāśār* thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they saw", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*nibʾăšû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they made themselves odious/offensive", "*bədāwid*": "preposition with proper name - against David", "*wayyišləḥû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they sent", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon", "*wayyiśkərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they hired", "*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram", "*bêt-rəḥôb*": "construct phrase - Beth-rehob", "*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram", "*ṣôbāʾ*": "proper name - Zobah", "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*raglî*": "masculine singular adjective - foot soldiers", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - king of", "*maʿăkāh*": "proper name - Maacah", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men of", "*ṭôb*": "proper name - Tob", "*šənêm-ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - twelve", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men" }, "variants": { "*nibʾăšû*": "they made themselves odious/they became a stench/they became offensive", "*raglî*": "foot soldiers/infantry" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.7", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *dāwid* and *wayyišlaḥ* *ʾet-yôʾāb* and *wəʾēt* all-*kol-haṣṣābāʾ* the-*haggibōrîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*ʾet-yôʾāb*": "direct object marker with proper name - Joab", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker - and", "*kol-haṣṣābāʾ*": "construct with definite article and masculine singular noun - all the army", "*haggibōrîm*": "definite article with masculine plural adjective - the mighty men" }, "variants": { "*haggibōrîm*": "the mighty men/the warriors/the valiant men" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.8", "source": "וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַאֲרַ֨ם צוֹבָ֤א וּרְחוֹב֙ וְאִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyaʿarkû* *milḥāmāh* *petaḥ* the-*haššāʿar* and *waʾăram* *ṣôbāʾ* and-*ûrəḥôb* and-*wəʾîš-ṭôb* and-*ûmaʿăkāh* *ləbaddām* in-the-*baśśādeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came out", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wayyaʿarkû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war", "*petaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - entrance of", "*haššāʿar*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the gate", "*waʾăram*": "conjunction with proper name - and Aram", "*ṣôbāʾ*": "proper name - Zobah", "*ûrəḥôb*": "conjunction with proper name - and Rehob", "*wəʾîš-ṭôb*": "conjunction with construct phrase - and men of Tob", "*ûmaʿăkāh*": "conjunction with proper name - and Maacah", "*ləbaddām*": "preposition with noun with 3mp suffix - by themselves/alone", "*baśśādeh*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular noun - in the field" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿarkû*": "they arranged/they set in order/they drew up in battle array", "*ləbaddām*": "by themselves/alone/separately" } }
• 2 Kgs 24:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.2", "source": "וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בּ֡וֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּים֩ וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֨י אֲרָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ גְּדוּדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥ם בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲבִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayəšallaḥ* *YHWH* against-him *ʾeṯ*-*gəḏûḏê* *kaśdîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*gəḏûḏê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾēṯ* *gəḏûḏê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *gəḏûḏê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*wayəšalləḥēm* in-*yəhûḏāh* to-*haʾăḇîḏô* according-to-*ḏəḇar* *YHWH* which *dibber* by-*yaḏ* *ʿăḇāḏāyw* *hannəḇîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*gəḏûḏê*": "masculine plural construct noun - bands/troops of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wayəšalləḥēm*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he sent them", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*haʾăḇîḏô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to destroy it/him", "*ḏəḇar*": "masculine singular construct noun - word of", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct noun - hand of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*hannəḇîʾîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*gəḏûḏê*": "bands/troops/raiders/marauders", "*haʾăḇîḏô*": "to destroy it/him/to bring it to ruin", "*yaḏ*": "hand of/by means of/through" } }
• 2 Chr 20:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.20.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י אֽ͏ַחֲרֵי‪כֵ֡ן בָּ֣אוּ בְנֵי־מוֹאָב֩ וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹן וְעִמָּהֶ֧ם ׀ מֵֽהָעַמּוֹנִ֛ים עַל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* after *ʾaḥărê* this *kên*, *bāʾû* sons-of *bənê*-*môʾāb* and sons-of *bənê* *ʿammôn* and with-them *wəʿimmāhem* from *mē* the *hāʿammônîm* against *ʿal*-*yəhôšāpāṭ* for the *lammilḥāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*kên*": "adverb - thus, so, such", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they came", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*môʾāb*": "proper name - Moab", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wəʿimmāhem*": "waw-conjunction + preposition *ʿim* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and with them", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*hāʿammônîm*": "definite article + proper name + plural - the Ammonites", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*yəhôšāpāṭ*": "proper name - Jehoshaphat", "*lammilḥāmâ*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + feminine singular noun - for the battle/war" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/happened/became", "*mēhāʿammônîm*": "possibly 'from the Meunites' (different reading tradition)", "*ʿal*": "against/upon/concerning", "*lammilḥāmâ*": "for war/battle/fighting" } }
• 2 Chr 20:10 : 10 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.20.10", "source": "וְעַתָּ֡ה הִנֵּה֩ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּמוֹאָ֜ב וְהַר־שֵׂעִ֗יר אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־נָתַ֤תָּה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לָב֣וֹא בָהֶ֔ם בְּבֹאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֛י סָ֥רוּ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א הִשְׁמִידֽוּם׃", "text": "And now *wəʿattâ* behold *hinnēh* sons-of *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and Moab *ûmôʾāb* and Mount *wəhar*-*śēʿîr*, whom *ʾăšer* not *lōʾ*-*nātattâ* to Israel *ləyiśrāʾēl* to enter *lābôʾ* in them *bāhem* in their coming *bəbōʾām* from land-of *mēʾereṣ* Egypt *miṣrāyim*, for *kî* they turned aside *sārû* from them *mēʿălêhem* and not *wəlōʾ* *hišmîdûm*.", "grammar": { "*wəʿattâ*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural noun - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*ûmôʾāb*": "waw-conjunction + proper name - and Moab", "*wəhar*": "waw-conjunction + construct masculine singular noun - and mountain of", "*śēʿîr*": "proper name - Seir", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nātattâ*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you gave", "*ləyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition *lə* + proper name - to Israel", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - to enter", "*bāhem*": "preposition *bə* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in/among them", "*bəbōʾām*": "preposition *bə* + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition *min* + construct feminine singular noun - from land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*sārû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they turned aside", "*mēʿălêhem*": "preposition *min* + preposition *ʿal* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from upon them/from them", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw-conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hišmîdûm*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*sārû*": "they turned aside/departed/avoided", "*hišmîdûm*": "they destroyed them/exterminated them/annihilated them", "*har-śēʿîr*": "Mount Seir (region of Edom)" } }
• Neh 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.2.19", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *sanballaṭ* the-*ḥōrōnî* *wə-ṭōbiyyāh* the-*ʿebed* the-*ʿammônî* *wə-gešem* the-*ʿarbî* *wa-yalʿigû* to-us *wa-yibzû* upon-us *wa-yōʾmərû* what-the-*dābār* the-this *ʾăšer* you *ʿōśîm* ?-against the-*melek* you *mōrədîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*ḥōrōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Horonite", "*wə-ṭōbiyyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Tobiah", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular - servant", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wə-gešem*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Geshem", "*ʿarbî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Arabian", "*wa-yalʿigû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they mocked", "*wa-yibzû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they despised", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*dābār*": "masculine singular - thing/matter", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - doing", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*mōrədîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - rebelling" }, "variants": { "*wa-yalʿigû*": "and they mocked/derided/ridiculed", "*wa-yibzû*": "and they despised/disrespected/looked down on", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/business", "*mōrədîm*": "rebelling/revolting against" } }
• Neh 4:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.7", "source": "וָֽאַעֲמִ֞יד מִֽתַּחְתִּיּ֧וֹת לַמָּק֛וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י לַחוֹמָ֖ה *בצחחיים **בַּצְּחִיחִ֑ים וָֽאַעֲמִ֤יד אֶת־הָעָם֙ לְמִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת עִם־חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֛ם רָמְחֵיהֶ֖ם וְקַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wāʾaʿămîd* from the *mittaḥtiyyôt* to the *lammāqôm* from behind to the *laḥômâ* in the *baṣṣəḥîḥîm*; and *wāʾaʿămîd* *ʾet*-the *hāʿām* by *ləmišpāḥôt* with their *ḥarbōtêhem* their *rāmḥêhem* and their *qaššətōtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I caused to stand/stationed", "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - from lower parts/below", "*lammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the place", "*laḥômâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the wall", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the exposed places", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - by families", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their swords", "*rāmḥêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their spears", "*qaššətōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their bows" }, "variants": { "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "from lower parts/below/beneath", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "in the exposed places/bare heights/open areas", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "by families/according to clans", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "their swords/weapons" } } 8 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.8", "source": "וָאֵ֣רֶא וָאָק֗וּם וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֞י הַגָּד֤וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ זְכֹ֔רוּ וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ עַל־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "And *wāʾērex* and *wāʾāqûm* and *wāʾōmar* to the *haḥōrîm* and to the *hassəgānîm* and to the rest of the *hāʿām*, *ʾal*-*tîrəʾû* from *mippənêhem*; *ʾet*-*ʾădōnāy* the *haggādôl* and the *hannôrāʾ* *zəkōrû*, and *wəhillāḥămû* for your *ʾăḥêkem* your *bənêkem* and your *ûbənōtêkem*, your *nəšêkem* and your *ûbāttêkem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾērex*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1cs - and I saw", "*wāʾāqûm*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1cs - and I arose", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1cs - and I said", "*haḥōrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the nobles", "*hassəgānîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the rulers/officials", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tîrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 2mp - you fear", "*mippənêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - from before them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun masculine singular - Lord", "*haggādôl*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the great", "*hannôrāʾ*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine singular - the feared/awesome", "*zəkōrû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - remember", "*wəhillāḥămû*": "waw-conjunctive + niphal imperative masculine plural - and fight", "*ʾăḥêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 2mp - your brothers", "*bənêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 2mp - your sons", "*ûbənōtêkem*": "waw-conjunctive + noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 2mp - and your daughters", "*nəšêkem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 2mp - your wives", "*ûbāttêkem*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 2mp - and your houses" }, "variants": { "*haḥōrîm*": "the nobles/free men/officials", "*hassəgānîm*": "the rulers/officials/prefects", "*mippənêhem*": "from before them/because of them", "*hannôrāʾ*": "the feared/awesome/terrible" } } 9 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.9", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שָׁמְע֤וּ אוֹיְבֵ֙ינוּ֙ כִּי־נ֣וֹדַֽע לָ֔נוּ וַיָּ֥פֶר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עֲצָתָ֑ם *ונשוב **וַנָּ֤שָׁב כֻּלָּ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *šāməʿû* our *ʾôyəbênû* that *nôdaʿ* to us and *wayyāper* *hāʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-their *ʿăṣātām*; and *wannāšāb* all of us to the *haḥômâ*, *ʾîš* to his *məlaʾktô*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they heard", "*ʾôyəbênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cp - our enemies", "*nôdaʿ*": "niphal perfect 3ms - it was made known", "*wayyāper*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he frustrated", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăṣātām*": "noun feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their counsel/plan", "*wannāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1cp - and we returned", "*haḥômâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the wall", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man", "*məlaʾktô*": "noun feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - his work" }, "variants": { "*wayyāper*": "and he frustrated/thwarted/broke", "*ʿăṣātām*": "their counsel/plan/advice", "*məlaʾktô*": "his work/labor/task" } } 10 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִן־הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא חֲצִ֣י נְעָרַי֮ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָה֒ וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ וְהָרְמָחִ֣ים הַמָּגִנִּ֔ים וְהַקְּשָׁת֖וֹת וְהַשִּׁרְיֹנִ֑ים וְהַ֨שָּׂרִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* from the *hayyôm* *hahûʾ* half of my *nəʿāray* *ʿōśîm* in the *bamməlāʾkâ* and half of them *maḥăzîqîm* the *wəhārəmāḥîm* the *hammāginnîm* and the *wəhaqqəšātôt* and the *wəhašširyōnîm*; and the *wəhaśśārîm* behind all *bêt* *Yəhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3ms - that", "*nəʿāray*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cs - my servants/young men", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - doing/working", "*bamməlāʾkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the work", "*maḥăzîqîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - holding/grasping", "*wəhārəmāḥîm*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the spears", "*hammāginnîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the shields", "*wəhaqqəšātôt*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + noun feminine plural - and the bows", "*wəhašširyōnîm*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the body armor", "*wəhaśśārîm*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the officials", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*nəʿāray*": "my servants/young men/attendants", "*maḥăzîqîm*": "holding/grasping/wielding", "*hammāginnîm*": "the shields/bucklers", "*wəhašširyōnîm*": "and the body armor/coats of mail/breastplates", "*wəhaśśārîm*": "and the officials/princes/rulers" } } 11 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.11", "source": "הַבּוֹנִ֧ים בַּחוֹמָ֛ה וְהַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים בַּסֶּ֖בֶל עֹמְשִׂ֑ים בְּאַחַ֤ת יָדוֹ֙ עֹשֶׂ֣ה בַמְּלָאכָ֔ה וְאַחַ֖ת מַחֲזֶ֥קֶת הַשָּֽׁלַח׃", "text": "The *habbônîm* at the *baḥômâ* and the ones *wəhannōśəʾîm* at the *bassebel* *ʿōməśîm*; with one *yādô* *ʿōśeh* in the *bamməlāʾkâ* and one *maḥăzeqet* the *haššālaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*habbônîm*": "definite article + qal participle masculine plural - the ones building", "*baḥômâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - at the wall", "*wəhannōśəʾîm*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + qal participle masculine plural - and the ones carrying", "*bassebel*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - at the burden", "*ʿōməśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - loading/carrying", "*yādô*": "noun feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - his hand", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - doing/working", "*bamməlāʾkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the work", "*maḥăzeqet*": "hiphil participle feminine singular - holding/grasping", "*haššālaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the weapon" }, "variants": { "*wəhannōśəʾîm*": "and the ones carrying/bearing/bringing", "*bassebel*": "at the burden/load", "*ʿōməśîm*": "loading/carrying/bearing burdens", "*maḥăzeqet*": "holding/grasping/wielding", "*haššālaḥ*": "the weapon/missile/javelin" } } 12 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.12", "source": "וְהַ֨בּוֹנִ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ חַרְבּ֛וֹ אֲסוּרִ֥ים עַל־מָתְנָ֖יו וּבוֹנִ֑ים וְהַתּוֹקֵ֥עַ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר אֶצְלִֽי׃", "text": "And the *wəhabbônîm*, *ʾîš* his *ḥarbô* *ʾăsûrîm* on his *mātnāyw* and *ûbônîm*; and the one *wəhatôqēaʿ* with the *baššôpār* *ʾeṣlî*.", "grammar": { "*wəhabbônîm*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + qal participle masculine plural - and the builders", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man", "*ḥarbô*": "noun feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - his sword", "*ʾăsûrîm*": "qal passive participle masculine plural - bound/tied", "*mātnāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - his loins", "*ûbônîm*": "waw-conjunctive + qal participle masculine plural - and building", "*wəhatôqēaʿ*": "waw-conjunctive + definite article + qal participle masculine singular - and the one sounding", "*baššôpār*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - with the trumpet", "*ʾeṣlî*": "preposition + pronominal suffix 1cs - beside me" }, "variants": { "*ḥarbô*": "his sword/weapon", "*ʾăsûrîm*": "bound/tied/fastened", "*mātnāyw*": "his loins/waist/side", "*wəhatôqēaʿ*": "and the one sounding/blowing", "*baššôpār*": "with the trumpet/horn/ram's horn" } } 13 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.13", "source": "וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה וּרְחָבָ֑ה וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ נִפְרָדִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה רְחוֹקִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ מֵאָחִֽיו׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmar* to the *haḥōrîm* and to the *hassəgānîm* and to the rest of the *hāʿām*, the *hamməlāʾkâ* *harbê* and *ûrəḥābâ*; and we *niprādîm* on the *haḥômâ*, *rəḥôqîm* *ʾîš* from his brother.", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1cs - and I said", "*haḥōrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the nobles", "*hassəgānîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the rulers/officials", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hamməlāʾkâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the work", "*harbê*": "adjective feminine singular absolute - much/many", "*ûrəḥābâ*": "waw-conjunctive + adjective feminine singular - and wide/extensive", "*niprādîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - separated/dispersed", "*haḥômâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the wall", "*rəḥôqîm*": "adjective masculine plural - distant/far", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man" }, "variants": { "*haḥōrîm*": "the nobles/free men/officials", "*hassəgānîm*": "the rulers/officials/prefects", "*hamməlāʾkâ*": "the work/labor/task", "*niprādîm*": "separated/dispersed/scattered", "*rəḥôqîm*": "distant/far/remote" } } 14 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.14", "source": "בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר שָׁ֖מָּה תִּקָּבְצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יִלָּ֥חֶם לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "In the *biməqôm* that *tišməʿû* *ʾet*-voice of the *haššôpār*, *šāmmâ* *tiqqābəṣû* to us; our *ʾĕlōhênû* *yillāḥem* for us.", "grammar": { "*biməqôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in the place", "*tišməʿû*": "qal imperfect 2mp - you hear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haššôpār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the trumpet", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*tiqqābəṣû*": "niphal imperfect 2mp - you assemble", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cp - our God", "*yillāḥem*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - he will fight" }, "variants": { "*biməqôm*": "in the place/at the location", "*haššôpār*": "the trumpet/horn/ram's horn", "*tiqqābəṣû*": "you assemble/gather/come together", "*yillāḥem*": "he will fight/do battle" } } 15 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.15", "source": "וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָ֑ה וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ בָּֽרְמָחִ֔ים מֵעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר עַ֖ד צֵ֥את הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃", "text": "And we *ʿōśîm* in the *bamməlāʾkâ*; and half of them *maḥăzîqîm* in the *bārəmāḥîm* from the rising of the *haššaḥar* until the coming out of the *hakkôkābîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - doing/working", "*bamməlāʾkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the work", "*maḥăzîqîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - holding/grasping", "*bārəmāḥîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the spears", "*haššaḥar*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the dawn", "*hakkôkābîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the stars" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśîm*": "doing/working/laboring", "*maḥăzîqîm*": "holding/grasping/wielding", "*haššaḥar*": "the dawn/morning/daybreak", "*hakkôkābîm*": "the stars/constellations" } } 16 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.16", "source": "גַּ֣ם בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי לָעָ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ וְנַעֲר֔וֹ יָלִ֖ינוּ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְהָֽיוּ־לָ֧נוּ הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִשְׁמָ֖ר וְהַיּ֥וֹם מְלָאכָֽה׃", "text": "Also at the *bāʿēt* *hahîʾ* *ʾāmartî* to the *lāʿām*, *ʾîš* and his *wənaʿărô* *yālînû* in the midst of *Yərûšālāim*; and they will be to us the *hallaylâ* *mišmār* and the *hayyôm* *məlāʾkâ*.", "grammar": { "*bāʿēt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - at the time", "*hahîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun feminine singular - that", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I said", "*lāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the people", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man", "*wənaʿărô*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - and his servant", "*yālînû*": "qal imperfect 3mp - they will lodge", "*hallaylâ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the night", "*mišmār*": "noun masculine singular - guard/watch", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*məlāʾkâ*": "noun feminine singular - work" }, "variants": { "*wənaʿărô*": "and his servant/young man/attendant", "*yālînû*": "they will lodge/stay/spend the night", "*mišmār*": "guard/watch/watchman" } } 17 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.17", "source": "וְאֵ֨ין אֲנִ֜י וְאַחַ֣י וּנְעָרַ֗י וְאַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּשְׁמָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרַ֔י אֵין־אֲנַ֥חְנוּ פֹשְׁטִ֖ים בְּגָדֵ֑ינוּ אִ֖ישׁ שִׁלְח֥וֹ הַמָּֽיִם׃ ס", "text": "And neither I and my *wəʾaḥay* and my *ûnəʿāray* and the men of the *hammišmār* who *ʾaḥăray*, we were not *pōšəṭîm* our *bəgādênû*; *ʾîš* his *šilḥô* the *hammāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾaḥay*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cs - and my brothers", "*ûnəʿāray*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cs - and my servants", "*hammišmār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the guard", "*ʾaḥăray*": "preposition + pronominal suffix 1cs - after me/behind me", "*pōšəṭîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - removing/taking off", "*bəgādênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 1cp - our clothes", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man", "*šilḥô*": "noun masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix 3ms - his weapon", "*hammāyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the water" }, "variants": { "*ûnəʿāray*": "and my servants/young men/attendants", "*hammišmār*": "the guard/watch", "*pōšəṭîm*": "removing/taking off/stripping", "*šilḥô*": "his weapon/missile/javelin", "*hammāyim*": "the water/waters" } }
• Ps 83:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.7", "source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃", "text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)", "*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)", "*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)", "*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)" } }