Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.14", "source": "יֶשׁ־הֶבֶל֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֣ה עַל־הָאָרֶץ֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ יֵ֣שׁ צַדִּיקִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַגִּ֤יעַ אֲלֵהֶם֙ כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים וְיֵ֣שׁ רְשָׁעִ֔ים שֶׁמַּגִּ֥יעַ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הַצַדִּיקִ֑ים אָמַ֕רְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "There-is-*hebel* *ʾăšer* *naʿăśāh* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾăšer* there-are *ṣaddîqîm* *ʾăšer* *maggîaʿ* to-them like-*maʿăśēh* the-*rĕšāʿîm* and-there-are *rĕšāʿîm* that-*maggîaʿ* to-them like-*maʿăśēh* the-*ṣaddîqîm* *ʾāmartî* that-also-*zeh* *hābel*", "grammar": { "*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*naʿăśāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is done", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones", "*maggîaʿ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - happens/befalls", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - deed/work of", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hābel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor" }, "variants": { "*hebel*": "vanity/meaninglessness/absurdity/breath/vapor", "*naʿăśāh*": "is done/is performed/happens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just people", "*maggîaʿ*": "happens/befalls/comes to", "*maʿăśēh*": "deed/work/action", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people", "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/I declared/I thought", "*hābel*": "vanity/meaninglessness/absurdity/breath/vapor" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Det finnes en uvisshet i verden: de rettferdige møter meningsløse skjebner, og de onde får det som likner på de rettferdiges gjerninger. Jeg sa at dette også er meningsløst.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Det er en tomhet som blir gjort på jorden: at det finnes rettferdige mennesker til hvem det skjer som etter de ugudeliges gjerninger; igjen er det urettferdige mennesker til hvem det skjer som etter de rettferdiges gjerninger: Jeg sa at dette også er meningsløst.

• Norsk King James

  Det er en meningsløshet på jorden; det finnes rettferdige menn som opplever det onde, og onde menn som opplever det gode; jeg sa at dette også er meningsløst.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Det finnes også en meningsløshet på jorden: at rettferdige rammes som om de var ugudelige, og ugudelige rammes som om de var rettferdige. Jeg sier at dette også er forgjeves.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Det er en meningsløshet som skjer på jorden: Det er rettferdige som blir behandlet som om de hadde utført de urettferdiges gjerninger, og det er urettferdige som blir behandlet som om de hadde utført de rettferdiges gjerninger. Jeg sa: Også dette er meningsløst.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Det er en fåfengthet som skjer på jorden: at rettferdige mennesker opplever det som skulle bli de onde til del, og onde mennesker opplever det som skulle bli de rettferdige til del: jeg sier at også dette er fåfengt.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Det finnes en tomhet på jorden; rettferdige menn kan lide på grunn av de onde handlingene, mens onde menn kan nyte godt av de rettferdiges gjerninger. Jeg sa at også dette er tomhet.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Det er en fåfengthet som skjer på jorden: at rettferdige mennesker opplever det som skulle bli de onde til del, og onde mennesker opplever det som skulle bli de rettferdige til del: jeg sier at også dette er fåfengt.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Det er en meningsløshet som skjer på jorden: rettferdige som får det slik de onde fortjener, og onde som får det slik de rettferdige fortjener. Jeg sa: Også dette er meningsløst.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  There is a futility that takes place on the earth: righteous people receive what the wicked deserve, and wicked people receive what the righteous deserve. I said, 'This too is vanity.'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Det er en tomhet som skjer på jorden, at det er rettferdige mennesker som rammes av det som tilkommer de ugudelige, og det er ugudelige mennesker som får det som tilkommer de rettferdige. Jeg sa at dette også er tomhet.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Der er (endnu) en Forfængelighed, som skeer paa Jorden: at der ere Retfærdige, hvilke det rammer efter de Ugudeliges Gjerning, og der ere Ugudelige, hvilke det rammer efter de Retfærdiges Gjerning; jeg sagde, at dette er ogsaa Forfængelighed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Det er en tomhet som skjer på jorden; at det finnes rettferdige mennesker som får det som de ugudelige fortjener, igjen, det finnes ugudelige mennesker som får det som de rettferdige fortjener: Jeg sa at dette også er meningsløst.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  There is a vanity which is done upon the earth: there are just men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked; again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Det er en forfengelighet som skjer på jorden, at det finnes rettferdige mennesker som opplever det som om de var onde. Igjen finnes det onde mennesker til hvem det skjer som om de var rettferdige. Jeg sa at dette også er forfengelighet.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Det er en tomhet som er gjort på jorden: rettferdige som får samme skjebne som de ondes gjerninger, og onde som får samme skjebne som de rettferdiges gjerninger. Jeg sa at dette også er tomhet.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Det er en tomhet som skjer på jorden, at det er rettferdige menn som får det etter de ondes gjerninger; igjen, det er onde menn som får det etter de rettferdiges gjerninger: Jeg sier at dette også er tomhet.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Det er noe som er uten mening på jorden: at gode menn får samme straff som onde, og onde menn får belønningen til de gode. Jeg sier at dette igjen er uten mening.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Yet is there a vanite vpon earth: There be iust men, vnto whom it happeneth, as though they had the workes of the vngodly: Agayne, there be vngodly, with whom it goeth as though they had the workes of ye rightuous. This me thinke also a vaine thinge.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  There is a vanitie, which is done vpon the earth, that there be righteous men to whom it commeth according to the worke of the wicked: and there be wicked men to whom it commeth according to the worke of the iust: I thought also that this is vanitie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Yet is there a vanitie vpon earth: There be iust men vnto whom it happeneth as though they had the workes of the vngodly: Againe, there be vngodly, with whom it goeth as though they had the workes of the righteous: This haue I called also a vayne thing.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just [men], unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked [men], to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also [is] vanity.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  There is a vanity which is done on the earth, that there are righteous men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked. Again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  There is a vanity that hath been done upon the earth, that there are righteous ones unto whom it is coming according to the work of the wicked, and there are wicked ones unto whom it is coming according to the work of the righteous. I have said that this also `is' vanity.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  There is a vanity which is done upon the earth, that there are righteous men unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there are wicked men to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  There is a thing which is to no purpose done on the earth: that there are good men to whom is given the same punishment as those who are evil, and there are evil men who get the reward of the good. I say that this again is to no purpose.

• World English Bible (2000)

  There is a vanity which is done on the earth, that there are righteous men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked. Again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Here is another enigma that occurs on earth: Sometimes there are righteous people who get what the wicked deserve, and sometimes there are wicked people who get what the righteous deserve. I said,“This also is an enigma.”

Referenced Verses

• Eccl 7:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.7.15", "source": "אֶת־הַכֹּל רָאִיתִי בִּימֵי הֶבְלִי יֵשׁ צַדִּיק אֹבֵד בְּצִדְקוֹ וְיֵשׁ רָשָׁע מַאֲרִיךְ בְּרָעָתוֹ", "text": "*ʾEṯ*-the-all *rāʾîṯî* in-*yəmê* *heḇlî* there-is *ṣaddîq* *ʾōḇēḏ* in-*ṣiḏqô* and-there-is *rāšāʿ* *maʾărîḵ* in-*rāʿāṯô*", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*rāʾîṯî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have seen", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*heḇlî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my vanity", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*ʾōḇēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - perishing", "*ṣiḏqô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*maʾărîḵ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - prolonging", "*rāʿāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his evil" }, "variants": { "*yəmê* *heḇlî*": "days of my vanity/my fleeting lifetime", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just individual", "*ʾōḇēḏ*": "perishing/being destroyed/dying", "*ṣiḏqô*": "his righteousness/his just behavior", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil individual", "*maʾărîḵ*": "prolonging/extending/lengthening", "*rāʿāṯô*": "his evil/his wickedness" } }
• Eccl 2:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.14", "source": "הֶֽחָכָם֙ עֵינָ֣יו בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהַכְּסִ֖יל בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ הוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "The-*ḥākām* *ʿênāyw* in *rōʾshô* and the-*kĕsîl* in the-*ḥōshek* *hôlēk* and *yādaʿtî* also-I *shemmiqreh* *ʾeḥād* *yiqreh* *ʾet*-all of them.", "grammar": { "*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the wise person", "*ʿênāyw*": "dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*rōʾshô*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his head", "*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool", "*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article + preposition - in the darkness", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I knew", "*shemmiqreh*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun - that the fate/event", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*yiqreh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will happen/befall", "*ʾet-kullām*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them" }, "variants": { "*ḥākām*": "wise person/sage", "*ʿênāyw bĕrōʾshô*": "his eyes are in his head (idiom: he sees clearly/pays attention)", "*kĕsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*baḥōshek hôlēk*": "walks in darkness/goes about in darkness", "*miqreh*": "happening/event/fate/destiny", "*miqreh ʾeḥād yiqreh ʾet-kullām*": "one event/fate will happen to all of them" } }
• Mal 3:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Malachi.3.15", "source": "וְעַתָּ֕ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים גַּם־נִבְנוּ֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י רִשְׁעָ֔ה גַּ֧ם בָּחֲנ֛וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיִּמָּלֵֽטוּ׃", "text": "*We-ʿattah* *ʾanaḥnu* *meʾashsherim* *zedim* *gam*-*nivnu* *ʿose* *rishʿah* *gam* *baḥanu* *ʾElohim* *wa-yimmaletu*.", "grammar": { "*We-ʿattah*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾanaḥnu*": "1st person common plural pronoun - we", "*meʾashsherim*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - calling blessed/pronouncing happy", "*zedim*": "adjective, masculine plural - proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*nivnu*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are built up", "*ʿose*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - doers of", "*rishʿah*": "noun, feminine singular - wickedness", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*baḥanu*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have tested", "*ʾElohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*wa-yimmaletu*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they escape" }, "variants": { "*meʾashsherim*": "calling blessed/pronouncing happy/considering fortunate", "*zedim*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones", "*nivnu*": "built up/established/prospered", "*ʿose rishʿah*": "doers of wickedness/evildoers/practitioners of evil", "*baḥanu*": "tested/tried/challenged", "*ʾElohim*": "God/gods/divine being", "*yimmaletu*": "escape/are delivered/are rescued" } }
• Eccl 9:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.1", "source": "כִּ֣י אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֞ה נָתַ֤תִּי אֶל־לִבִּי֙ וְלָב֣וּר אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַצַּדִּיקִ֧ים וְהַחֲכָמִ֛ים וַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖ם בְּיַ֣ד הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים גַּֽם־אַהֲבָ֣ה גַם־שִׂנְאָ֗ה אֵ֤ין יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם הַכֹּ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "For *ʾet*-all-*zeh* *nātattî* to-*lēb*-mine and-to-*lābûr* *ʾet*-all-*zeh*, that the-*ṣaddîqîm* and-the-*ḥăkāmîm* and-*ʿăbādê*-theirs in-*yad* the-*ʾělōhîm*; also-*ʾahăbâ* also-*śinʾâ* not *yôdēaʿ* the-*ʾādām*, the-all before-them.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave/placed/set", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart/mind", "*lābûr*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with preposition - to examine/clarify", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*ʿăbādê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - works/deeds", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʾahăbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - love", "*śinʾâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hatred", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*yôdēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*hakkōl*": "noun with article, masculine singular - the all/everything" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I gave/I placed/I set/I devoted", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*lābûr*": "to examine/to clarify/to investigate/to make clear", "*ʿăbādê*": "works/deeds/services/labors", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*ʾělōhîm*": "God/divine being", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*lîpnêhem*": "before them/in their presence/for them" } } 2 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.2", "source": "הַכֹּ֞ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לַכֹּ֗ל מִקְרֶ֨ה אֶחָ֜ד לַצַּדִּ֤יק וְלָרָשָׁע֙ לַטּוֹב֙ וְלַטָּה֣וֹר וְלַטָּמֵ֔א וְלַזֹּבֵ֔חַ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ זֹבֵ֑חַ כַּטּוֹב֙ כַּֽחֹטֶ֔א הַנִּשְׁבָּ֕ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר שְׁבוּעָ֥ה יָרֵֽא׃", "text": "The-*kōl* as that to-the-*kōl* *miqreh* *ʾeḥād* to-the-*ṣaddîq* and-to-the-*rāšāʿ* to-the-*ṭôb* and-to-the-*ṭāhôr* and-to-the-*ṭāmēʾ* and-to-the-*zōbēaḥ* and-to-that not-he *zōbēaḥ*; as-the-*ṭôb* as-the-*ḥōṭēʾ* the-*nišbāʿ* as-that *šĕbûʿâ* *yārēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - everything/all", "*miqreh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - event/happening/fate", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one/single", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good person", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure person", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure person", "*zōbēaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sacrificing", "*ḥōṭēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sinning", "*nišbāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - swearing/taking oath", "*šĕbûʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - oath", "*yārēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - fearing" }, "variants": { "*miqreh*": "event/happening/fate/occurrence", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked one/evil person", "*ṭôb*": "good one/good person", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean one/pure person", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean one/impure person", "*zōbēaḥ*": "one who sacrifices/offerer of sacrifices", "*ḥōṭēʾ*": "sinner/one who sins", "*nišbāʿ*": "one who swears/oath-taker", "*yārēʾ*": "fears/is afraid of" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.3", "source": "זֶ֣ה ׀ רָ֗ע בְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲשָׂה֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כִּֽי־מִקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וְגַ֣ם לֵ֣ב בְּֽנֵי־הָ֠אָדָם מָלֵא־רָ֨ע וְהוֹלֵל֤וֹת בִּלְבָבָם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וְאַחֲרָ֖יו אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃", "text": "*Zeh* *raʿ* in-*kōl* that-*naʿăśâ* *taḥat* the-*šemeš* for-*miqreh* *ʾeḥād* to-the-*kōl*; and-also *lēb* *bĕnê*-the-*ʾādām* *mālēʾ*-*raʿ* and-*hôlēlôt* in-*lĕbāb*-theirs in-*ḥayyê*-theirs, and-after-him to-the-*mētîm*.", "grammar": { "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular - all/everything", "*naʿăśâ*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is done/has been done", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the sun", "*miqreh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - event/happening/fate", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one/single", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart/mind", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular with article - mankind/humanity", "*mālēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - full of", "*hôlēlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - madness/folly", "*lĕbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind", "*ḥayyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lives of", "*mētîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with article - the dead" }, "variants": { "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/calamity/distress", "*naʿăśâ*": "is done/has been done/is performed", "*taḥat ha-šemeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*miqreh*": "event/happening/fate/occurrence", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*mālēʾ-raʿ*": "full of evil/filled with wickedness", "*hôlēlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness", "*lĕbāb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*ḥayyê*": "lives/lifetime", "*mētîm*": "dead ones/those who have died" } }
• Job 21:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.21.7", "source": "מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ גַּם־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל׃", "text": "*maddûaʿ rəšāʿîm yiḥyû ʿātəqû gam-gābrû ḥāyil*", "grammar": { "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yiḥyû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they live", "*ʿātəqû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they grow old", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*gābrû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they grow mighty", "*ḥāyil*": "noun masculine singular - power/wealth/strength" }, "variants": { "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty person", "*ḥāyâ*": "to live/exist", "*ʿāteq*": "to move/advance/grow old", "*gābar*": "to be strong/mighty/prevail", "*ḥāyil*": "strength/wealth/army/valor" } }
• Ps 73:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.3", "source": "כִּֽי־קִ֭נֵּאתִי בַּֽהוֹלְלִ֑ים שְׁל֖וֹם רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֶרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "*Ki-kineti ba-holelim*; *shalom resha'im* *er'eh*.", "grammar": { "*Ki-kineti*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - for I was envious", "*ba-holelim*": "preposition + article + participle, poel masculine plural - at/against the boastful/arrogant ones", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular construct - prosperity/peace of", "*resha'im*": "noun, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*er'eh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I would see/I saw" }, "variants": { "*kineti*": "I was envious/jealous", "*holelim*": "boastful/arrogant/foolish ones", "*shalom*": "peace/prosperity/well-being", "*resha'im*": "wicked ones/evil-doers" } }
• Ps 73:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.12", "source": "הִנֵּה־אֵ֥לֶּה רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְשַׁלְוֵ֥י ע֝וֹלָ֗ם הִשְׂגּוּ־חָֽיִל׃", "text": "*Hinneh-elleh resha'im*, *weshalwei 'olam hisgu-chayil*.", "grammar": { "*Hinneh-elleh*": "interjection + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - behold these", "*resha'im*": "noun, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*weshalwei*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine plural construct - and at ease of", "*'olam*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*hisgu-chayil*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural + noun, masculine singular - they increase wealth" }, "variants": { "*hinneh*": "behold/look/see", "*elleh*": "these", "*resha'im*": "wicked ones/evil-doers", "*shalev*": "at ease/prosperous/tranquil", "*'olam*": "eternity/forever/antiquity", "*hisgu*": "they increase/grow great/multiply", "*chayil*": "wealth/strength/might/power" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.13", "source": "אַךְ־רִ֭יק זִכִּ֣יתִי לְבָבִ֑י וָאֶרְחַ֖ץ בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן כַּפָּֽי׃", "text": "*Akh-riq zikkiti levavi*, *wa'erchatz beniqqayon kappai*.", "grammar": { "*Akh-riq*": "adverb + adverb - surely in vain", "*zikkiti*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have cleansed", "*levavi*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*wa'erchatz*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I washed", "*beniqqayon*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in innocence/cleanness", "*kappai*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 1st person singular suffix - my palms/hands" }, "variants": { "*akh*": "surely/only/nevertheless", "*riq*": "in vain/emptiness/worthlessness", "*zikkiti*": "I cleansed/purified", "*levav*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*rachatz*": "wash/bathe/cleanse", "*niqqayon*": "innocence/cleanness/purity", "*kappayim*": "palms/hands" } } 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.14", "source": "וָאֱהִ֣י נָ֭גוּעַ כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לַבְּקָרִֽים׃", "text": "*Wa'ehi nagua' kol-hayyom*, *wetokhachti labbeqarim*.", "grammar": { "*Wa'ehi*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I was", "*nagua'*": "verb, passive participle, masculine singular - struck/afflicted", "*kol-hayyom*": "noun, masculine singular construct + article + noun, masculine singular - all the day", "*wetokhachti*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - and my chastisement", "*labbeqarim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - at the mornings" }, "variants": { "*hayah*": "was/became/existed", "*nagua'*": "struck/afflicted/plagued", "*kol-hayyom*": "all the day/every day", "*tokhachah*": "chastisement/reproof/rebuke", "*beqarim*": "mornings/every morning" } }
• Job 21:17-34 : 17 { "verseID": "Job.21.17", "source": "כַּמָּ֤ה ׀ נֵר־רְשָׁ֘עִ֤ים יִדְעָ֗ךְ וְיָבֹ֣א עָלֵ֣ימוֹ אֵידָ֑ם חֲ֝בָלִ֗ים יְחַלֵּ֥ק בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kammâ nēr-rəšāʿîm yidʿāk wə-yābōʾ ʿālêmô ʾêdām ḥăbālîm yəḥallēq bə-ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*kammâ*": "interrogative adverb - how often", "*nēr*": "noun masculine singular construct - lamp of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yidʿāk*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is extinguished", "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and comes", "*ʿālêmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (poetic form) - upon them", "*ʾêdām*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*ḥăbālîm*": "noun masculine plural - pains/pangs/destructions", "*yəḥallēq*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he distributes/apportions", "*bə-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his anger" }, "variants": { "*nēr*": "lamp/light", "*dāʿak*": "to be extinguished/go out", "*bôʾ*": "to come/go/enter", "*ʾêd*": "calamity/distress/destruction", "*ḥebel*": "pain/pang/destruction/cord", "*ḥālaq*": "to divide/apportion/distribute", "*ʾap*": "nose/anger/wrath" } } 18 { "verseID": "Job.21.18", "source": "יִהְי֗וּ כְּתֶ֥בֶן לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ וּ֝כְמֹ֗ץ גְּנָבַ֥תּוּ סוּפָֽה׃", "text": "*yihyû kəteben lipnê-rûaḥ û-kəmōṣ gənābattû sûpâ*", "grammar": { "*yihyû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are", "*kəteben*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like straw/chaff", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun plural construct - before", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular - wind", "*û-kəmōṣ*": "conjunctive waw + preposition + noun masculine singular - and like chaff", "*gənābattû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - steals it", "*sûpâ*": "noun feminine singular - storm/whirlwind" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "to be/become/exist", "*teben*": "straw/chaff/stubble", "*pānîm*": "face/presence", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*mōṣ*": "chaff", "*gānab*": "to steal/carry away", "*sûpâ*": "storm/whirlwind/tempest" } } 19 { "verseID": "Job.21.19", "source": "אֱל֗וֹהַּ יִצְפֹּן־לְבָנָ֥יו אוֹנ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם אֵלָ֣יו וְיֵדָֽע׃", "text": "*ʾĕlôah yiṣpōn-lə-bānāyw ʾônô yəšallēm ʾēlāyw wə-yēdāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*yiṣpōn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he stores up", "*lə-bānāyw*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his sons/children", "*ʾônô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his iniquity", "*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he repays", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wə-yēdāʿ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he knows" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity", "*ṣāpan*": "to hide/store up/treasure", "*bēn*": "son/child", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/trouble/sorrow", "*šālam*": "to be complete/repay/reward", "*yādaʿ*": "to know/understand" } } 20 { "verseID": "Job.21.20", "source": "יִרְא֣וּ *עינו **עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑וֹ וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃", "text": "*yirʾû ʿênāyw kîdô û-mēḥămat šadday yišteh*", "grammar": { "*yirʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they see", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (Qere; Ketiv: *ʿênô*) - his eyes", "*kîdô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his destruction", "*û-mēḥămat*": "conjunctive waw + preposition + noun feminine singular construct - and from wrath of", "*šadday*": "noun masculine singular - Almighty", "*yišteh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he drinks" }, "variants": { "*rāʾâ*": "to see/observe/perceive", "*ʿayin*": "eye", "*kîd*": "destruction/calamity/ruin", "*ḥēmâ*": "heat/rage/wrath", "*šadday*": "Almighty/All-sufficient (divine name)", "*šātâ*": "to drink" } } 21 { "verseID": "Job.21.21", "source": "כִּ֤י מַה־חֶפְצ֣וֹ בְּבֵית֣וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו וּמִסְפַּ֖ר חֳדָשָׁ֣יו חֻצָּֽצוּ׃", "text": "*kî mah-ḥepṣô bə-bêtô ʾaḥărāyw û-mispar ḥŏdāšāyw ḥuṣṣāṣû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ḥepṣô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pleasure/delight", "*bə-bêtô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his house", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him", "*û-mispar*": "conjunctive waw + noun masculine singular construct - and number of", "*ḥŏdāšāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his months", "*ḥuṣṣāṣû*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are cut off/determined" }, "variants": { "*ḥēpeṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire", "*bayit*": "house/home/family", "*mispar*": "number/count", "*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon", "*ḥāṣaṣ*": "to divide/cut/determine" } } 22 { "verseID": "Job.21.22", "source": "הַלְאֵ֥ל יְלַמֶּד־דָּ֑עַת וְ֝ה֗וּא רָמִ֥ים יִשְׁפּֽוֹט׃", "text": "*ha-lə-ʾēl yəlammed-dāʿat wə-hûʾ rāmîm yišpôṭ*", "grammar": { "*ha-lə-ʾēl*": "interrogative particle + preposition + noun masculine singular - to God", "*yəlammed*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - one teaches", "*dāʿat*": "noun feminine singular - knowledge", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunctive waw + 3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - and he", "*rāmîm*": "adjective masculine plural - exalted ones/high places", "*yišpôṭ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he judges" }, "variants": { "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*lāmad*": "to learn/teach", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/wisdom", "*rām*": "high/exalted/lofty", "*šāpaṭ*": "to judge/govern/vindicate" } } 23 { "verseID": "Job.21.23", "source": "זֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּעֶ֣צֶם תֻּמּ֑וֹ כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹ שַׁלְאֲנַ֥ן וְשָׁלֵֽיו׃", "text": "*zeh yāmût bə-ʿeṣem tummô kullô šalʾănān wə-šālêw*", "grammar": { "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this one", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - dies", "*bə-ʿeṣem*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the full strength of", "*tummô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his completeness/integrity", "*kullô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of him", "*šalʾănān*": "adjective masculine singular - at ease/secure", "*wə-šālêw*": "conjunctive waw + adjective masculine singular - and peaceful/quiet" }, "variants": { "*mût*": "to die", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone/essence/full strength", "*tōm*": "completeness/integrity/perfection", "*kōl*": "all/whole/every", "*šalʾănān*": "secure/at ease/tranquil", "*šālêw*": "quiet/peaceful/prosperous" } } 24 { "verseID": "Job.21.24", "source": "עֲ֭טִינָיו מָלְא֣וּ חָלָ֑ב וּמֹ֖חַ עַצְמוֹתָ֣יו יְשֻׁקֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʿăṭînāyw mālʾû ḥālāb û-mōaḥ ʿaṣmôtāyw yəšuqqeh*", "grammar": { "*ʿăṭînāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pails/sides", "*mālʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - are full", "*ḥālāb*": "noun masculine singular - milk", "*û-mōaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + noun masculine singular construct - and marrow of", "*ʿaṣmôtāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his bones", "*yəšuqqeh*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is moistened/watered" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṭîn*": "pail/vessel/side/body (rare word, meaning uncertain)", "*mālēʾ*": "to be full/filled", "*ḥālāb*": "milk/cream", "*mōaḥ*": "marrow", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone", "*šāqâ*": "to water/irrigate/give to drink" } } 25 { "verseID": "Job.21.25", "source": "וְזֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ מָרָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־אָ֝כַ֗ל בַּטּוֹבָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-zeh yāmût bə-nepeš mārâ wə-lōʾ-ʾākal baṭṭôbâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-zeh*": "conjunctive waw + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - and this one", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - dies", "*bə-nepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - with a soul of", "*mārâ*": "adjective feminine singular - bitter", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*ʾākal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ate", "*baṭṭôbâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the good/prosperity" }, "variants": { "*mût*": "to die", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person", "*mar*": "bitter/bitterness", "*ʾākal*": "to eat/consume", "*ṭôbâ*": "good thing/prosperity/happiness" } } 26 { "verseID": "Job.21.26", "source": "יַ֭חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר יִשְׁכָּ֑בוּ וְ֝רִמָּ֗ה תְּכַסֶּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*yaḥad ʿal-ʿāpār yiškābû wə-rimmâ təkasseh ʿălêhem*", "grammar": { "*yaḥad*": "adverb - together", "*ʿal-ʿāpār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - on dust", "*yiškābû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they lie down", "*wə-rimmâ*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine singular - and worm/maggot", "*təkasseh*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - covers", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*yaḥad*": "together/alike/unitedly", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/earth", "*šākab*": "to lie down/rest", "*rimmâ*": "worm/maggot", "*kāsâ*": "to cover/conceal" } } 27 { "verseID": "Job.21.27", "source": "הֵ֣ן יָ֭דַעְתִּי מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וּ֝מְזִמּ֗וֹת עָלַ֥י תַּחְמֹֽסוּ׃", "text": "*hēn yādaʿtî maḥšəbôtêkem û-məzimmôt ʿālay taḥmōsû*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/indeed", "*yādaʿtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*maḥšəbôtêkem*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your thoughts", "*û-məzimmôt*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine plural - and devices/plots", "*ʿālay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*taḥmōsû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you devise wrongfully" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "to know/perceive/understand", "*maḥăšābâ*": "thought/plan/intention", "*məzimmâ*": "plan/device/plot/wickedness", "*ḥāmas*": "to treat violently/wrong/devise wrongfully" } } 28 { "verseID": "Job.21.28", "source": "כִּ֤י תֹֽאמְר֗וּ אַיֵּ֥ה בֵית־נָדִ֑יב וְ֝אַיֵּ֗ה אֹ֤הֶל ׀ מִשְׁכְּנ֬וֹת רְשָׁעִֽים׃", "text": "*kî tōʾmərû ʾayyēh bêt-nādîb wə-ʾayyēh ʾōhel miškənôt rəšāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*tōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you say", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*nādîb*": "adjective masculine singular - noble/prince", "*wə-ʾayyēh*": "conjunctive waw + interrogative adverb - and where", "*ʾōhel*": "noun masculine singular construct - tent of", "*miškənôt*": "noun masculine plural construct - dwelling places of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "to say/speak/tell", "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*nādîb*": "noble/generous/prince", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling", "*miškān*": "dwelling place/tabernacle", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty person" } } 29 { "verseID": "Job.21.29", "source": "הֲלֹ֣א שְׁ֭אֶלְתֶּם ע֣וֹבְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ וְ֝אֹתֹתָ֗ם לֹ֣א תְנַכֵּֽרוּ׃", "text": "*hă-lōʾ šəʾeltem ʿôbərê dārek wə-ʾōtōtām lōʾ tənakkērû*", "grammar": { "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - have not", "*šəʾeltem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you asked", "*ʿôbərê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by", "*dārek*": "noun masculine singular - way/road", "*wə-ʾōtōtām*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their signs/evidences", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tənakkērû*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you recognize/acknowledge" }, "variants": { "*šāʾal*": "to ask/inquire", "*ʿābar*": "to pass over/through/by", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/manner", "*ʾôt*": "sign/token/mark/evidence", "*nākar*": "to recognize/acknowledge/regard" } } 30 { "verseID": "Job.21.30", "source": "כִּ֤י לְי֣וֹם אֵ֭יד יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ רָ֑ע לְי֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת יוּבָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*kî lə-yôm ʾêd yēḥāśek rāʿ lə-yôm ʿăbārôt yûbālû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - that/for/because", "*lə-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for day of", "*ʾêd*": "noun masculine singular - calamity/destruction", "*yēḥāśek*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is spared/withheld", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil/wicked one", "*lə-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for day of", "*ʿăbārôt*": "noun feminine plural - wrath/overflow", "*yûbālû*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are led/brought" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*ʾêd*": "calamity/distress/destruction", "*ḥāśak*": "to withhold/spare/hold back", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/disagreeable/wicked person", "*ʿebrâ*": "wrath/overflow/arrogance", "*yābal*": "to carry/bring/lead" } } 31 { "verseID": "Job.21.31", "source": "מִֽי־יַגִּ֣יד עַל־פָּנָ֣יו דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וְהֽוּא־עָ֝שָׂ֗ה מִ֣י יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mî-yaggîd ʿal-pānāyw darkô wə-hûʾ-ʿāśâ mî yəšallem-lô*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yaggîd*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will declare/tell", "*ʿal-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun common plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his face", "*darkô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunctive waw + 3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - and he", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has done", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yəšallem*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will repay", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*nāgad*": "to tell/declare/report", "*pānîm*": "face/presence", "*derek*": "way/road/path/conduct", "*ʿāśâ*": "to do/make/accomplish", "*šālam*": "to be complete/repay/reward" } } 32 { "verseID": "Job.21.32", "source": "וְ֭הוּא לִקְבָר֣וֹת יוּבָ֑ל וְֽעַל־גָּדִ֥ישׁ יִשְׁקֽוֹד׃", "text": "*wə-hûʾ liqbārôt yûbāl wə-ʿal-gādîš yišqôd*", "grammar": { "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunctive waw + 3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - and he", "*liqbārôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - to graves", "*yûbāl*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is carried/brought", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunctive waw + preposition - and over", "*gādîš*": "noun masculine singular - tomb-mound/heap", "*yišqôd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he watches/keeps vigil" }, "variants": { "*qeber*": "grave/tomb/burial place", "*yābal*": "to carry/bring/lead", "*gādîš*": "stack/heap/tomb-mound", "*šāqad*": "to watch/wake/be vigilant" } } 33 { "verseID": "Job.21.33", "source": "מָֽתְקוּ־ל֗וֹ רִגְבֵ֫י נָ֥חַל וְ֭אַחֲרָיו כָּל־אָדָ֣ם יִמְשׁ֑וֹךְ וּ֝לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*mātəqû-lô rigbê nāḥal wə-ʾaḥărāyw kol-ʾādām yimšôk û-ləpānāyw ʾên mispār*", "grammar": { "*mātəqû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are sweet", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*rigbê*": "noun masculine plural construct - clods of", "*nāḥal*": "noun masculine singular - valley/wadi", "*wə-ʾaḥărāyw*": "conjunctive waw + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and after him", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - every", "*ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular - man/mankind", "*yimšôk*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he draws/drags", "*û-ləpānāyw*": "conjunctive waw + preposition + noun common plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and before him", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation construct - there is no", "*mispār*": "noun masculine singular - number/count" }, "variants": { "*māṯaq*": "to be sweet/pleasant", "*regeb*": "clod/lump of earth", "*nāḥal*": "stream/wadi/valley", "*ʾaḥărê*": "after/behind", "*kōl*": "all/every/whole", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/human", "*māšak*": "to draw/drag/prolong", "*pānîm*": "face/presence", "*mispār*": "number/count" } } 34 { "verseID": "Job.21.34", "source": "וְ֭אֵיךְ תְּנַחֲמ֣וּנִי הָ֑בֶל וּ֝תְשׁ֥וּבֹתֵיכֶ֗ם נִשְׁאַר־מָֽעַל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾêk tənaḥămûnî hābel û-təšûbōtêkem nišʾar-māʿal*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾêk*": "conjunctive waw + interrogative adverb - and how", "*tənaḥămûnî*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - you comfort me", "*hābel*": "noun masculine singular - vanity/emptiness", "*û-təšûbōtêkem*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your answers", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - remains/is left", "*māʿal*": "noun masculine singular - unfaithfulness/transgression" }, "variants": { "*ʾêk*": "how/in what way", "*nāḥam*": "to comfort/console/be sorry", "*hebel*": "breath/vapor/vanity/emptiness", "*təšûbâ*": "answer/reply/response", "*šāʾar*": "to remain/be left over", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/treachery/transgression" } }
• Job 24:21-25 : 21 { "verseID": "Job.24.21", "source": "רֹעֵ֣ה עֲ֭קָרָה לֹ֣א תֵלֵ֑ד וְ֝אַלְמָנָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְיֵטִֽיב", "text": "*Rōʿeh ʿăqārâ lōʾ tēlēd wəʾalmānâ lōʾ yəyēṭîb*", "grammar": { "*Rōʿeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'feeds on/associates with'", "*ʿăqārâ*": "adjective feminine singular - 'barren woman'", "*lōʾ tēlēd*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'who does not bear'", "*wəʾalmānâ*": "conjunction *wə* + noun feminine singular - 'and widow'", "*lōʾ yəyēṭîb*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he does not do good'" }, "variants": { "*Rōʿeh*": "feeds on/associates with/consorts with", "*ʿăqārâ*": "barren woman/childless woman", "*tēlēd*": "bears/gives birth", "*ʾalmānâ*": "widow/bereaved woman", "*yəyēṭîb*": "does good/treats well/shows kindness" } } 22 { "verseID": "Job.24.22", "source": "וּמָשַׁ֣ךְ אַבִּירִ֣ים בְּכֹח֑וֹ יָ֝ק֗וּם וְֽלֹא־יַאֲמִ֥ין בַּֽחַיִּֽין", "text": "And *māšaḵ ʾabbîrîm bəḵōḥô yāqûm wəlōʾ-yaʾămîn baḥayyîn*", "grammar": { "*māšaḵ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he drags away/draws'", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "adjective masculine plural - 'mighty ones/strong ones'", "*bəḵōḥô*": "preposition *bə* + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'with his strength'", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he rises'", "*wəlōʾ-yaʾămîn*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he does not trust'", "*baḥayyîn*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine plural - 'in the living/life'" }, "variants": { "*māšaḵ*": "drags away/draws/pulls", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "mighty ones/strong ones/powerful people", "*bəḵōḥô*": "with his strength/by his power", "*yāqûm*": "rises/stands up/prevails", "*yaʾămîn*": "trusts/believes/has confidence", "*baḥayyîn*": "in the living/in life" } } 23 { "verseID": "Job.24.23", "source": "יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ לָ֭בֶטַח וְיִשָּׁעֵ֑ן וְ֝עֵינֵ֗יהוּ עַל־דַּרְכֵיהֶֽם", "text": "*Yitten-lô lābeṭaḥ wəyiššāʿēn wəʿênêhû ʿal-darkêhem*", "grammar": { "*Yitten-lô*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'he gives to him'", "*lābeṭaḥ*": "preposition *lə* + noun masculine singular - 'for security'", "*wəyiššāʿēn*": "conjunction *wə* + niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he relies'", "*wəʿênêhû*": "conjunction *wə* + noun feminine dual construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and his eyes'", "*ʿal-darkêhem*": "preposition *ʿal* + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'upon their ways'" }, "variants": { "*Yitten-lô*": "gives to him/grants him", "*lābeṭaḥ*": "for security/in safety", "*wəyiššāʿēn*": "and he relies/leans/depends", "*wəʿênêhû*": "and his eyes/his sight/his attention", "*ʿal-darkêhem*": "upon their ways/over their paths" } } 24 { "verseID": "Job.24.24", "source": "ר֤וֹמּוּ מְּעַ֨ט ׀ וְֽאֵינֶ֗נּוּ וְֽהֻמְּכ֗וּ כַּכֹּ֥ל יִקָּפְצ֑וּן וּכְרֹ֖אשׁ שִׁבֹּ֣לֶת יִמָּֽלוּ", "text": "They are *rômmû məʿaṭ wəʾênehnû wəhumməḵû kakkōl yiqqāpəṣûn ûḵərōʾš šibbōlet yimmālû*", "grammar": { "*rômmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they are exalted'", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'little/few'", "*wəʾênehnû*": "conjunction *wə* + particle of negation + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and he is not'", "*wəhumməḵû*": "conjunction *wə* + hophal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'and they are brought low'", "*kakkōl*": "preposition *kə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'like all/everyone'", "*yiqqāpəṣûn*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + paragogic nun - 'they are gathered'", "*ûḵərōʾš*": "conjunction *û* + preposition *kə* + noun masculine singular construct - 'and like head of'", "*šibbōlet*": "noun feminine singular - 'ear of grain'", "*yimmālû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they are cut off'" }, "variants": { "*rômmû*": "are exalted/are lifted up", "*məʿaṭ*": "little/few/a short time", "*wəʾênehnû*": "and he is not/and they are gone", "*wəhumməḵû*": "and they are brought low/humbled", "*kakkōl*": "like all/like everyone/as all others", "*yiqqāpəṣûn*": "are gathered/drawn together/contracted", "*rōʾš*": "head/top", "*šibbōlet*": "ear of grain/stalk", "*yimmālû*": "are cut off/wither/fade" } } 25 { "verseID": "Job.24.25", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֣א אֵ֭פוֹ מִ֣י יַכְזִיבֵ֑נִי וְיָשֵׂ֥ם לְ֝אַ֗ל מִלָּתִֽי", "text": "And if *lōʾ ʾēpô mî yaḵzîbēnî wəyāśēm ləʾal millātî*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*ʾēpô*": "adverb - 'now/then'", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - 'who'", "*yaḵzîbēnî*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - 'will prove me a liar'", "*wəyāśēm*": "conjunction *wə* + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and will make'", "*ləʾal*": "preposition *lə* + adverb of negation - 'as nothing'", "*millātî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - 'my speech/word'" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ*": "not/no", "*ʾēpô*": "now/then/where", "*yaḵzîbēnî*": "will prove me a liar/will refute me", "*wəyāśēm*": "and will make/and will set/and will render", "*ləʾal*": "as nothing/to nothing/worthless", "*millātî*": "my speech/my word/my discourse" } }
• Eccl 10:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.5", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט׃", "text": "There is *rāʿâ* *rāʾîtî* under *haššāmeš* like *šəgāgâ* that *yōṣēʾ* from before *haššallîṭ*", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/bad thing", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - under the sun", "*ki-šəgāgâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - like an error", "*še-yōṣēʾ*": "relative particle + qal participle masculine singular - that goes out/proceeds", "*mi-lifnê*": "preposition + preposition - from before", "*haššallîṭ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the ruler" }, "variants": { "*rāʿâ*": "evil/misfortune/bad thing", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*šəgāgâ*": "error/mistake/inadvertent sin", "*yōṣēʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/comes forth", "*haššallîṭ*": "the ruler/the governor/one in authority" } }
• Jer 12:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.12.1", "source": "צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אָרִ֖יב אֵלֶ֑יךָ אַ֤ךְ מִשְׁפָּטִים֙ אֲדַבֵּ֣ר אוֹתָ֔ךְ מַדּ֗וּעַ דֶּ֤רֶךְ רְשָׁעִים֙ צָלֵ֔חָה שָׁל֖וּ כָּל־בֹּ֥גְדֵי בָֽגֶד׃", "text": "*ṣaddîq* you *YHWH* when I *ʾārîb* to-you, *ʾak* *mišpāṭîm* I-will-*dābēr* with-you, *maddûaʿ* *derek* *rešāʿîm* *ṣālēḥāh* *šālû* all-*bōgdê* *bāged*", "grammar": { "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾārîb*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I contend/plead", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only, yet, nevertheless", "*mišpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/cases", "*dābēr*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - speak/plead", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/path", "*rešāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*ṣālēḥāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - prospers", "*šālû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are at ease/prosperous", "*bōgdê*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - those betraying", "*bāged*": "noun, masculine singular - treachery/betrayal" }, "variants": { "*ʾārîb*": "contend/plead/bring a case", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/cases/legal matters", "*derek*": "way/path/conduct", "*ṣālēḥāh*": "prospers/succeeds/is successful", "*šālû*": "are at ease/are secure/prosper", "*bōgdê bāged*": "treacherous betrayers/faithless traitors" } }
• Job 9:22-24 : 22 { "verseID": "Job.9.22", "source": "אַחַ֗ת הִ֥יא עַל־כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֑רְתִּי תָּ֥ם וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע ה֣וּא מְכַלֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ʾaḥat* *hîʾ* *ʿal-kēn* *ʾāmartî* *tām* *wə-rāšāʿ* *hûʾ* *məkalleh*", "grammar": { "*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular numeral - one (thing)", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular independent pronoun - it", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I say", "*tām*": "adjective masculine singular - blameless", "*wə-rāšāʿ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and wicked", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - he", "*məkalleh*": "piel participle masculine singular - destroying" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥat*": "one, single, a certain", "*ʿal-kēn*": "therefore, thus, so", "*ʾāmartî*": "to say, speak, utter", "*tām*": "blameless, perfect, complete", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked, guilty, criminal", "*məkalleh*": "to destroy, finish, consume" } } 23 { "verseID": "Job.9.23", "source": "אִם־שׁ֭וֹט יָמִ֣ית פִּתְאֹ֑ם לְמַסַּ֖ת נְקִיִּ֣ים יִלְעָֽג׃", "text": "*ʾim-šôṭ* *yāmît* *pitʾōm* *lə-massat* *nəqiyyîm* *yilʿāg*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-šôṭ*": "conditional particle + masculine singular noun - if scourge", "*yāmît*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - kills", "*pitʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly", "*lə-massat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - at the despair of", "*nəqiyyîm*": "adjective masculine plural - innocent ones", "*yilʿāg*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he mocks" }, "variants": { "*šôṭ*": "scourge, whip, plague", "*yāmît*": "to kill, cause to die, put to death", "*pitʾōm*": "suddenly, unexpectedly", "*massat*": "despair, trial, testing", "*nəqiyyîm*": "innocent, clean, free from guilt", "*yilʿāg*": "to mock, scorn, deride" } } 24 { "verseID": "Job.9.24", "source": "אֶ֤רֶץ ׀ נִתְּנָ֬ה בְֽיַד־רָשָׁ֗ע פְּנֵֽי־שֹׁפְטֶ֥יהָ יְכַסֶּ֑ה אִם־לֹ֖א אֵפ֣וֹא מִי־הֽוּא׃", "text": "*ʾereṣ* *nittənâ* *bə-yad-rāšāʿ* *pənê-šōpṭeyhā* *yəkasseh* *ʾim-lōʾ* *ʾēpôʾ* *mî-hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*nittənâ*": "niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - is given", "*bə-yad-rāšāʿ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun + adjective masculine singular - into hand of wicked", "*pənê-šōpṭeyhā*": "masculine plural construct noun + qal participle masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - faces of its judges", "*yəkasseh*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he covers", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional particle + negative particle - if not", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "adverb - then", "*mî-hûʾ*": "interrogative pronoun + 3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - who is he" }, "variants": { "*ʾereṣ*": "earth, land, ground", "*nittənâ*": "to be given, be handed over", "*yad*": "hand, power, control", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person, evil one", "*pənê*": "face, surface, presence", "*šōpṭeyhā*": "judges, those who judge", "*yəkasseh*": "to cover, conceal, hide" } }
• Eccl 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.4", "source": "וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*wə-rāʾîtî* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-all-*ʿāmāl* and-*ʾēt* all-*kišrôn* the-*maʿăśeh* that it *qinʾat*-*ʾîš* from-*rēʿēhû* also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-rāʾîtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I saw", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - labor/toil", "*kišrôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - success/skill", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed", "*qinʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - envy/jealousy of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*rəʿût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/effort", "*kišrôn*": "success/skill/achievement/advantage", "*qinʾat*": "envy/jealousy/rivalry", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his fellow", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit/herding wind" } }
• Eccl 4:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.8", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ אֶחָד֩ וְאֵ֨ין שֵׁנִ֜י גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ן וָאָ֣ח אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין קֵץ֙ לְכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ גַּם־עֵינ֖וֹ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁר וּלְמִ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י עָמֵ֗ל וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר אֶת־נַפְשִׁי֙ מִטּוֹבָ֔ה גַּם־זֶ֥‪ה הֶ֛בֶל וְעִנְיַ֥ן רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃", "text": "There is *ʾeḥād* and-*ʾên* *šēnî* also *bēn* and-*ʾāḥ* *ʾên*-to-him and-*ʾên* end to-all-*ʿămālô* also-*ʿênô* not-*tiśbaʿ* *ʿōšer* and-to-whom I *ʿāmēl* and-*məḥassēr* *ʾet*-*napšî* from-*ṭôḇāh* also-this *heḇel* and-*ʿinyan* *rāʿ* he", "grammar": { "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one (person)", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*šēnî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - second (person)", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - brother", "*ʿămālô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his labor/toil", "*ʿênô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eye", "*tiśbaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it is satisfied", "*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*ʿāmēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - laboring/toiling", "*məḥassēr*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - depriving/withholding from", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ṭôḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - good/pleasure/happiness", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*ʿinyan*": "noun, masculine singular - task/occupation/business", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥād*": "one/alone/solitary person", "*šēnî*": "second/another/companion", "*ʿămālô*": "his labor/his toil/his effort", "*ʿênô lō-tiśbaʿ ʿōšer*": "his eye is not satisfied with riches/he is never satisfied with wealth", "*məḥassēr ʾet-napšî*": "depriving my soul/denying myself", "*ṭôḇāh*": "good things/pleasure/prosperity/happiness", "*ʿinyan rāʿ*": "evil task/grievous occupation/distressing business" } }