Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.15", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בִּנְקָמָ֑ה וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ נָקָם֙ בִּשְׁאָ֣ט בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ לְמַשְׁחִ֖ית אֵיבַ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʿăśôt* *pəlištîm* *binqāmâ* *wayyinnāqəmû* *nāqām* *bišʾāṭ* *bənepeš* *ləmašḥît* *ʾêbat* *ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct - acting of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*binqāmâ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in/with vengeance", "*wayyinnāqəmû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they took revenge", "*nāqām*": "noun masculine singular - vengeance", "*bišʾāṭ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - with contempt", "*bənepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in soul/with inner feeling", "*ləmašḥît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*ʾêbat*": "noun feminine singular construct - enmity of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun masculine singular - everlasting/ancient" }, "variants": { "*binqāmâ*": "with vengeance/in revenge/with retaliation", "*wayyinnāqəmû* *nāqām*": "they took thorough revenge/they executed vengeance fully", "*bišʾāṭ* *bənepeš*": "with contempt in soul/with heartfelt disdain/with deep-seated scorn", "*ləmašḥît* *ʾêbat* *ʿôlām*": "to destroy with perpetual hatred/to ruin with ancient enmity" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har handlet med hevn og nære hat i et evig sinne,

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har handlet med hevn og med et hånfullt hjerte tatt hevn for fiendskap av gammel tid,

• Norsk King James

  Slik sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har hevnet seg, og har hevnet seg med et foraktfullt hjerte, for å ødelegge på grunn av deres gamle fiendskap;

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne hevnet seg i bitterhet, med ondskap i hjertet for å ødelegge med stadig fiendskap,

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne i hevn har handlet med forakt i deres hjerter og strebet etter å ødelegge i evig fiendskap,

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har tatt hevn og med foraktfullt hjerte hevnet seg for å ødelegge med gammen hat,

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Slik sier Herren, Gud: Fordi filisterne har handlet i hevn og tatt hevn med et foraktfullt hjerte, for å ødelegge det på grunn av gammel feide;

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har tatt hevn og med foraktfullt hjerte hevnet seg for å ødelegge med gammen hat,

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har gjort hevn med forakt i sjelen for å ødelegge, med fiendskap fra gammel tid,

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because the Philistines acted in vengeance and took revenge with malice in their hearts, seeking to destroy Judah with perpetual hostility,

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har handlet hevngjerrig og hevnet seg med forakt i sjelen, for å ødelegge i evig fiendskap,

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Saa sagde den Herre Herre: Fordi Philisterne. have handlet med Hevn, og have hevnet sig haardeligen med Røven efter (deres) Sjæls (Lyst), at fordærve med et evigt Fjendskab,

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with a despiteful heart, to destroy it for the old hatred;

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filisterne har handlet med hevn og utført hevn med forakt, for å ødelegge i gammel fiendskap,

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Thus says the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have acted by revenge, and have taken vengeance with a spiteful heart, to destroy it for the old hatred;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with a despiteful heart, to destroy it for the old hatred;

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Så sier Gud Herren: Fordi filisterne har hevnet seg med foraktfull sjel for å ødelegge med evig fiendskap,

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Slik sier Herren Jehova: På grunn av filistrenes handlinger av hevn, og de hevnet seg av hjertets forakt for å utslette en evig fiendskap!

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Så sier Herren Gud: Fordi filistrene har handlet i hevn og har tatt hevn med hat i sjelen for å ødelegge i fiendskap;

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Dette sier Herren: Fordi filisterne har tatt hevn med hensikt om å ydmyke og ødelegge med endeløst hat;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus saieth ye LORDE God: For so moch as the Philistynes haue done this: namely, taken vengeaunce with despitefull stomackes, and off an olde euell will set them selues to destroye:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayth the Lord God, Because the Philistims haue executed vengeance, and reuenged themselues with a despitefull heart, to destroy it for the olde hatred,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus sayth the Lorde God: For that the Philistines dyd in vengeaunce, namely in auenging reuengement, with a dispyteful heart to destroy it for the old enmitie:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with a despiteful heart, to destroy [it] for the old hatred;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with despite of soul to destroy with perpetual enmity;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of the doings of the Philistines in vengeance, And they take vengeance with despite in soul, To destroy -- the enmity age-during!

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with despite of soul to destroy with perpetual enmity;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  This is what the Lord has said: Because the Philistines have taken payment, with the purpose of causing shame and destruction with unending hate;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with despite of soul to destroy with perpetual enmity;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  A Prophecy Against Philistia“This is what the Sovereign LORD says:‘The Philistines have exacted merciless revenge, showing intense scorn in their effort to destroy Judah with unrelenting hostility.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 14:29-31 : 29 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.29", "source": "אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י פְלֶ֙שֶׁת֙ כֻּלֵּ֔ךְ כִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖ר שֵׁ֣בֶט מַכֵּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־מִשֹּׁ֤רֶשׁ נָחָשׁ֙ יֵ֣צֵא צֶ֔פַע וּפִרְי֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ף מְעוֹפֵֽף׃", "text": "Not-*tiśmǝḥî* *pǝlešet* all-of-you, for *nišbar* *šēḇeṭ* *makkēḵ*; for-from-*šōreš* *nāḥāš* *yēṣēʾ* *ṣep̄aʿ*, and-*p̄iryô* *śārāp̄* *mǝʿôp̄ēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*tiśmǝḥî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you rejoice", "*pǝlešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*nišbar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is broken", "*šēḇeṭ*": "masculine singular construct - rod/staff of", "*makkēḵ*": "hiphil active participle with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your smiter", "*šōreš*": "masculine singular construct - root of", "*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/snake", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will come forth", "*ṣep̄aʿ*": "masculine singular noun - viper/adder", "*p̄iryô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its fruit", "*śārāp̄*": "masculine singular noun - fiery serpent", "*mǝʿôp̄ēp̄*": "polel participle, masculine singular - flying" }, "variants": { "*tiśmǝḥî*": "rejoice/be glad/delight", "*nišbar*": "is broken/is shattered", "*šēḇeṭ*": "rod/staff/scepter", "*makkēḵ*": "your smiter/one striking you", "*šōreš*": "root/stock", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*yēṣēʾ*": "will come forth/will emerge/will go out", "*ṣep̄aʿ*": "viper/adder/poisonous snake", "*śārāp̄*": "fiery serpent/burning one/seraph", "*mǝʿôp̄ēp̄*": "flying/darting/swooping" } } 30 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.30", "source": "וְרָעוּ֙ בְּכוֹרֵ֣י דַלִּ֔ים וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים לָבֶ֣טַח יִרְבָּ֑צוּ וְהֵמַתִּ֤י בָֽרָעָב֙ שָׁרְשֵׁ֔ךְ וּשְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְ יַהֲרֹֽג׃", "text": "And-*rāʿû* *bǝḵôrê* *dallîm*, and-*ʾeḇyônîm* to-*lāḇeṭaḥ* *yirbāṣû*; and-*hēmattî* in-*rāʿāḇ* *šāršēḵ*, and-*šǝʾērîtēḵ* *yahărōg*.", "grammar": { "*rāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will feed/pasture", "*bǝḵôrê*": "masculine plural construct - firstborn of", "*dallîm*": "masculine plural adjective - poor/needy", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "masculine plural adjective - needy/poor", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - in security", "*yirbāṣû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will lie down", "*hēmattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kill", "*rāʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - famine/hunger", "*šāršēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your root", "*šǝʾērîtēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your remnant", "*yahărōg*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will kill/slay" }, "variants": { "*rāʿû*": "will feed/will pasture/will graze", "*bǝḵôrê*": "firstborn of/first ones of", "*dallîm*": "poor/needy/weak/thin", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "in security/in safety/confidently", "*yirbāṣû*": "will lie down/will rest/will recline", "*hēmattî*": "I will kill/I will put to death", "*rāʿāḇ*": "famine/hunger/starvation", "*šāršēḵ*": "your root/your stock", "*yahărōg*": "he will kill/he will slay/he will murder" } } 31 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.31", "source": "הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*hêlîlî* *šaʿar*, *zaʿăqî*-*ʿîr*, *nāmôg* *pǝlešet* all-of-you; for from-*ṣāp̄ôn* *ʿāšān* *bāʾ*, and-none *bôdēd* in-*môʿādāyw*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - wail", "*šaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - gate", "*zaʿăqî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cry out", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*nāmôg*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - melted/dissolved", "*pǝlešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north", "*ʿāšān*": "masculine singular noun - smoke", "*bāʾ*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - coming", "*bôdēd*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - being alone/straggling", "*môʿādāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ranks/appointed places" }, "variants": { "*hêlîlî*": "wail/howl/lament", "*zaʿăqî*": "cry out/scream/call out", "*nāmôg*": "melted/dissolved/disintegrated", "*ʿāšān*": "smoke/cloud", "*bôdēd*": "being alone/straggling/separated", "*môʿādāyw*": "his ranks/his appointed places/his assemblies/his troops" } }
• Ezek 25:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.6", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן מַחְאֲךָ֣ יָ֔ד וְרַקְעֲךָ֖ בְּרָ֑גֶל וַתִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ֙ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ אֶל־אַדְמַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *maḥʾăkā* *yād* *wə-raqʿăkā* *bərāgel* *wa-tiśmaḥ* *bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš* *ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*maḥʾăkā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your clapping", "*yād*": "noun feminine singular - hand", "*wə-raqʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your stamping", "*bərāgel*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with foot", "*wa-tiśmaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you rejoiced", "*bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā*": "preposition + noun + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with all your contempt", "*bənepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in soul/with inner feeling", "*ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*maḥʾăkā* *yād*": "your clapping of hand/your applauding/your gesture of joy", "*raqʿăkā* *bərāgel*": "your stamping with foot/your gestures of scorn", "*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš*": "your contempt in soul/your deep-seated disdain/your heartfelt scorn" } }
• Ezek 25:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.12", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʿăśôt* *ʾĕdôm* *binqōm* *nāqām* *ləbêt* *yəhûdâ* *wayyeʾšəmû* *ʾāšôm* *wəniqqəmû* *bāhem*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct - acting of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*binqōm*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in taking", "*nāqām*": "noun masculine singular - vengeance", "*ləbêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - against the house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wayyeʾšəmû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they became guilty", "*ʾāšôm*": "qal infinitive absolute - greatly guilty", "*wəniqqəmû*": "waw conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they took revenge", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on them" }, "variants": { "*binqōm* *nāqām*": "in taking vengeance/by exacting revenge/through retribution", "*wayyeʾšəmû* *ʾāšôm*": "and they became greatly guilty/and they incurred serious guilt/they bore heavy culpability", "*wəniqqəmû* *bāhem*": "and they took revenge on them/and they avenged themselves on them" } }
• Jer 25:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.20", "source": "וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָעֶ֔רֶב וְאֵ֕ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הָע֑וּץ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־מַלְכֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְאֶת־אַשְׁקְל֤וֹן וְאֶת־עַזָּה֙ וְאֶת־עֶקְר֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית אַשְׁדּֽוֹד׃", "text": "And *ʾēt* all-the-*ʿereb* and *ʾēt* all-kings of land of the *ʿûṣ* and *ʾēt* all-kings of land of *Pəlištîm* and *ʾet*-*ʾAšqəlôn* and *ʾet*-*ʿAzzâ* and *ʾet*-*ʿEqrôn* and *ʾēt* *šəʾērît* of *ʾAšdôd*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*ʿûṣ*": "proper noun with definite article - Uz", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*ʾAšqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*ʿAzzâ*": "proper noun - Gaza", "*ʿEqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*šəʾērît*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʾAšdôd*": "proper noun - Ashdod" }, "variants": { "*ʿereb*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture of people", "*šəʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/rest" } }
• 2 Chr 28:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.18", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פָּשְׁט֗וּ בְּעָרֵ֨י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ לִֽיהוּדָה֒ וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֜וֹן וְאֶת־הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֤וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־תִּמְנָ֣ה וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גִּמְז֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*ûPəlishtîm* *pāshəṭû* *bəʿārê* *hashshəpêlāh* *wəhannegeḇ* *lîhûdāh* *wayyilkədû* *ʾet*-*Bêt*-*shemesh* *wəʾet*-*ʾAyyālôn* *wəʾet*-*haGgədêrôt* *wəʾet*-*Śôḵô* *ûḇənôtehā* *wəʾet*-*Timnāh* *ûḇənôtehā* *wəʾet*-*Gimzô* *wəʾet*-*bənōtehā* *wayyêshəḇû* *shām*", "grammar": { "*ûPəlishtîm*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Philistines", "*pāshəṭû*": "3rd masculine plural qal perfect - they raided", "*bəʿārê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*hashshəpêlāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the lowland", "*wəhannegeḇ*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Negev", "*lîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - of/belonging to Judah", "*wayyilkədû*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and they captured", "*ʾet*-*Bêt*-*shemesh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Beth-shemesh", "*wəʾet*-*ʾAyyālôn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Aijalon", "*wəʾet*-*haGgədêrôt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - and Gederoth", "*wəʾet*-*Śôḵô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Soco", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wəʾet*-*Timnāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Timnah", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wəʾet*-*Gimzô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gimzo", "*wəʾet*-*bənōtehā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its daughters/surrounding villages", "*wayyêshəḇû*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and they dwelt/settled", "*shām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*pāshəṭû*": "raided/spread out/made a raid", "*hashshəpêlāh*": "the lowland/foothills region", "*bənôtehā*": "its daughters/surrounding villages/settlements (metaphor for satellite towns)" } }
• Ps 83:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.7", "source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃", "text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)", "*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)", "*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)", "*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)" } }
• Isa 9:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.12", "source": "וְהָעָ֥ם לֹא־שָׁ֖ב עַד־הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ ס", "text": "And the *ʿām* not-*šāḇ* to-the one *makkēhû* and *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* not they *ḏārāšû*.", "grammar": { "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - people", "*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned", "*makkēhû*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - one striking him", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - hosts/armies", "*ḏārāšû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they have sought" }, "variants": { "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*šāḇ*": "turned/returned/repented", "*makkēhû*": "one striking him/one smiting him/one who struck him", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/military forces", "*ḏārāšû*": "sought/inquired/investigated" } }
• Jer 47:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.1", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֧ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא אֶל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכֶּ֥ה פַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־עַזָּֽה׃", "text": "That which *hāyāh* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* unto-*Yirməyāhū* the-*nāḇî* unto-*Pəlištîm* in-*ṭerem* *yakkeh* *Parʿōh* *ʾēṯ*-*ʿAzzāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/happened", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*Yirməyāhū*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*ha-nāḇî*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the prophet", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*bə-ṭerem*": "preposition + adverb - before", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would strike/attack", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿAzzāh*": "proper noun - Gaza" }, "variants": { "*dəḇar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message from YHWH", "*hāyāh*": "was/came/happened", "*yakkeh*": "struck/attacked/defeated" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.2", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנֵּה־מַ֜יִם עֹלִ֤ים מִצָּפוֹן֙ וְהָיוּ֙ לְנַ֣חַל שׁוֹטֵ֔ף וְיִשְׁטְפוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְזָֽעֲקוּ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְהֵילִ֕ל כֹּ֖ל יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *hinnēh*-*mayim* *ʿōlîm* from-*ṣāp̄ôn* *wə*-*hāyû* to-*naḥal* *šôṭēp̄* *wə*-*yišṭəp̄û* *ʾereṣ* *û*-*məlôʾāh* *ʿîr* *wə*-*yōšḇê* in-her *wə*-*zāʿăqû* the-*ʾāḏām* *wə*-*hêlîl* all *yōšēḇ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ʿōlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - rising/coming up", "*mi-ṣāp̄ôn*": "preposition + noun - from north", "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be", "*lə-naḥal*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to stream/torrent", "*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - overflowing/flooding", "*wə-yišṭəp̄û*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will flood", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth", "*û-məlôʾāh*": "conjunction + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its fullness", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*wə-yōšḇê*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it/her", "*wə-zāʿăqû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will cry out", "*hā-ʾāḏām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man/humanity", "*wə-hêlîl*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will wail", "*kōl*": "construct state - all/every", "*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern region", "*naḥal šôṭēp̄*": "overflowing stream/flooding torrent", "*yišṭəp̄û*": "they will flood/overflow/wash away", "*məlôʾāh*": "its fullness/everything in it", "*zāʿăqû*": "cry out/shriek/call for help", "*hêlîl*": "wail/howl/lament" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.3", "source": "מִקּ֗וֹל שַֽׁעֲטַת֙ פַּרְס֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו מֵרַ֣עַשׁ לְרִכְבּ֔וֹ הֲמ֖וֹן גַּלְגִּלָּ֑יו לֹֽא־הִפְנ֤וּ אָבוֹת֙ אֶל־בָּנִ֔ים מֵֽרִפְי֖וֹן יָדָֽיִם׃", "text": "From-*qôl* *šaʿăṭaṯ* *parsôṯ* *ʾabbîrāyw* from-*raʿaš* to-*riḵbô* *hămôn* *galgillāyw* not-*hip̄nû* *ʾāḇôṯ* unto-*bānîm* from-*rip̄yôn* *yāḏāyim*.", "grammar": { "*mi-qôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from sound of", "*šaʿăṭaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - stamping/galloping of", "*parsôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - hooves of", "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mighty ones/stallions", "*mē-raʿaš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from rumbling of", "*lə-riḵbô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his chariot", "*hămôn*": "masculine singular construct - tumult/noise of", "*galgillāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wheels", "*lōʾ-hip̄nû*": "negative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - not they turned", "*ʾāḇôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - fathers", "*ʾel-bānîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - unto sons", "*mē-rip̄yôn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from feebleness of", "*yāḏāyim*": "feminine dual noun - hands" }, "variants": { "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "his stallions/his strong ones/his mighty steeds", "*raʿaš*": "rumbling/earthquake/shaking", "*hămôn*": "tumult/noise/roaring", "*hip̄nû*": "turned/looked back/paid attention", "*rip̄yôn yāḏāyim*": "feebleness of hands/weakness/helplessness" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.4", "source": "עַל־הַיּ֗וֹם הַבָּא֙ לִשְׁד֣וֹד אֶת־כָּל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהַכְרִ֤ית לְצֹר֙ וּלְצִיד֔וֹן כֹּ֖ל שָׂרִ֣יד עֹזֵ֑ר כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שְׁאֵרִ֖ית אִ֥י כַפְתּֽוֹר׃", "text": "Upon-the-*yôm* the-*bā* to-*šəḏôḏ* *ʾēṯ*-all-*Pəlištîm* to-*haḵrîṯ* to-*Ṣōr* *û*-to-*Ṣîḏôn* all *śārîḏ* *ʿōzēr* *kî*-*šōḏēḏ* *YHWH* *ʾēṯ*-*Pəlištîm* *šəʾērîṯ* *ʾî* *Kap̄tôr*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal-ha-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - upon the day", "*ha-bā*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the coming", "*li-šəḏôḏ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to destroy/plunder", "*ʾēṯ-kāl-Pəlištîm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct + proper noun - all Philistines", "*lə-haḵrîṯ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*lə-Ṣōr*": "preposition + proper noun - to Tyre", "*û-lə-Ṣîḏôn*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and to Sidon", "*kōl*": "masculine singular construct - every/all", "*śārîḏ*": "masculine singular construct - survivor of", "*ʿōzēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - helper", "*kî-šōḏēḏ*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - for is destroying", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēṯ-Pəlištîm*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Philistines", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʾî*": "masculine singular construct - island/coast of", "*Kap̄tôr*": "proper noun - Caphtor" }, "variants": { "*šəḏôḏ*": "destroy/plunder/devastate", "*haḵrîṯ*": "cut off/destroy/exterminate", "*śārîḏ ʿōzēr*": "surviving helper/remaining ally", "*šōḏēḏ*": "is destroying/is plundering", "*šəʾērîṯ ʾî Kap̄tôr*": "remnant of the island/coast of Caphtor", "*Kap̄tôr*": "Caphtor/Crete/Cyprus" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.5", "source": "בָּ֤אָה קָרְחָה֙ אֶל־עַזָּ֔ה נִדְמְתָ֥ה אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית עִמְקָ֑ם עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃", "text": "*Bāʾāh* *qārəḥāh* unto-*ʿAzzāh* *niḏməṯāh* *ʾAšqəlôn* *šəʾērîṯ* *ʿimqām* until-when *tiṯgôḏāḏî*.", "grammar": { "*bāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has come", "*qārəḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - baldness", "*ʾel-ʿAzzāh*": "preposition + proper noun - unto Gaza", "*niḏməṯāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is silenced/destroyed", "*ʾAšqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*šəʾērîṯ*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿimqām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their valley", "*ʿaḏ-māṯay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when", "*tiṯgôḏāḏî*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you cut yourself" }, "variants": { "*qārəḥāh*": "baldness/mourning sign", "*niḏməṯāh*": "is silenced/is destroyed/is ruined", "*šəʾērîṯ ʿimqām*": "remnant of their valley/remaining lowland", "*tiṯgôḏāḏî*": "you cut yourself/you gash yourself (as mourning ritual)" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.6", "source": "ה֗וֹי חֶ֚רֶב לַֽיהוָ֔ה עַד־אָ֖נָה לֹ֣א תִשְׁקֹ֑טִי הֵאָֽסְפִי֙ אַל־תַּעְרֵ֔ךְ הֵרָגְעִ֖י וָדֹֽמִּי׃", "text": "*Hôy* *ḥereḇ* to-*YHWH* until-where not *tišqōṭî* *hēʾāsəp̄î* not-*taʿrēḵ* *hērāḡəʿî* *wā-ḏōmmî*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - alas/woe", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/of YHWH", "*ʿaḏ-ʾānāh*": "preposition + interrogative - until where/how long", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tišqōṭî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be quiet", "*hēʾāsəp̄î*": "niphal imperative, feminine singular - be gathered", "*ʾal-taʿrēḵ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - do not unsheathe", "*hērāḡəʿî*": "niphal imperative, feminine singular - be still", "*wā-ḏōmmî*": "conjunction + qal imperative, feminine singular - and be silent" }, "variants": { "*ḥereḇ la-YHWH*": "sword of YHWH/YHWH's sword", "*tišqōṭî*": "be quiet/be still/rest", "*hēʾāsəp̄î*": "be gathered/withdraw yourself/return to sheath", "*taʿrēḵ*": "unsheathe/array/prepare", "*hērāḡəʿî*": "be still/be at rest/calm yourself", "*ḏōmmî*": "be silent/be still/cease" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.7", "source": "אֵ֣יךְ תִּשְׁקֹ֔טִי וַֽיהוָ֖ה צִוָּה־לָ֑הּ אֶֽל־אַשְׁקְל֛וֹן וְאֶל־ח֥וֹף הַיָּ֖ם שָׁ֥ם יְעָדָֽהּ׃", "text": "How *tišqōṭî* *wa-YHWH* *ṣiwwāh*-to-her unto-*ʾAšqəlôn* *wə*-unto-*ḥôp̄* the-*yām* there *yəʿāḏāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative - how", "*tišqōṭî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be quiet", "*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and YHWH", "*ṣiwwāh-lāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has commanded to her", "*ʾel-ʾAšqəlôn*": "preposition + proper noun - unto Ashkelon", "*wə-ʾel-ḥôp̄*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct - and unto coast of", "*ha-yām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*yəʿāḏāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has appointed her" }, "variants": { "*tišqōṭî*": "be quiet/be still/rest", "*ṣiwwāh-lāh*": "has commanded her/has ordained for it", "*ḥôp̄ ha-yām*": "seashore/coast of the sea", "*yəʿāḏāh*": "has appointed her/has destined it/has assigned it" } }
• Judg 14:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.14.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yērêd šimšôn timnātâ wə-yārĕʾ ʾiššâ bə-timnātâ mi-bənôt pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yērêd*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Timnah", "*wə-yārĕʾ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*bə-timnātâ*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Timnah", "*mi-bənôt*": "preposition min + noun, feminine plural construct - from daughters of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*yērêd*": "went down/descended", "*yārĕʾ*": "saw/noticed/observed", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*bənôt*": "daughters/young women" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.14.2", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ־אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal wə-yaggēd lə-ʾābîw ūlə-ʾimmô wə-yōʾmer ʾiššâ rāʾîtî bə-timnātâ mi-bənôt pəlištîm wə-ʿattâ qəḥū-ʾôtāh lî lə-ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*wə-yaggēd*": "conjunction wə- + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he told", "*lə-ʾābîw*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ūlə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have seen", "*bə-timnātâ*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Timnah", "*mi-bənôt*": "preposition min + noun feminine plural construct - from daughters of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and now", "*qəḥū-ʾôtāh*": "Qal imperative masculine plural + direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - take her", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - for me", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition lə- + noun feminine singular - as wife" }, "variants": { "*yaʿal*": "went up/ascended", "*yaggēd*": "told/reported/declared", "*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/I have seen", "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*qəḥū*": "take/get/obtain" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.14.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל־עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל־אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח־לִ֔י כִּֽי־הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lô ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô ha-ʾên bi-bənôt ʾaḥêkā ū-bə-kol-ʿammî ʾiššâ kî-ʾattâ hôlēk lāqaḥat ʾiššâ mi-pəlištîm hā-ʿărēlîm wə-yōʾmer šimšôn ʾel-ʾābîw ʾôtāh qaḥ-lî kî-hîʾ yāšərâ bə-ʿênāy*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾābîw*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*ha-ʾên*": "interrogative particle ha- + adverb of negation - is there not?", "*bi-bənôt*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine plural construct - among daughters of", "*ʾaḥêkā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brothers", "*ū-bə-kol*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bə- + noun masculine singular construct - and among all", "*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun feminine singular - woman/wife", "*kî-ʾattâ*": "conjunction kî + pronoun 2nd masculine singular - that you", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going", "*lāqaḥat*": "Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*mi-pəlištîm*": "preposition min + proper noun masculine plural - from Philistines", "*hā-ʿărēlîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the uncircumcised", "*ʾel-ʾābîw*": "preposition ʾel + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*qaḥ-lî*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + preposition lə- with 1st singular suffix - take for me", "*kî-hîʾ*": "conjunction kî + pronoun 3rd feminine singular - for she", "*yāšərâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - is right/pleasing", "*bə-ʿênāy*": "preposition bə- + noun dual construct with 1st singular suffix - in my eyes" }, "variants": { "*ʾên*": "there is not/none", "*hôlēk*": "going/walking", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/to get/to marry", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised/foreign", "*yāšərâ*": "right/pleasing/straight/proper" } } 4 { "verseID": "Judges.14.4", "source": "וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô lōʾ yādəʿû kî mê-YHWH hîʾ kî-tōʾănâ hûʾ-məbaqqēš mi-pəlištîm ū-bā-ʿēt ha-hîʾ pəlištîm mōšəlîm bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādəʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*mê-YHWH*": "preposition min + proper noun - from YHWH", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun 3rd feminine singular - it [was]", "*kî-tōʾănâ*": "conjunction kî + noun feminine singular - for an occasion", "*hûʾ-məbaqqēš*": "pronoun 3rd masculine singular + Piel participle masculine singular - he [was] seeking", "*mi-pəlištîm*": "preposition min + proper noun masculine plural - from Philistines", "*ū-bā-ʿēt*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - and at the time", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3rd feminine singular - that", "*mōšəlîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - ruling", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "they knew/understood", "*tōʾănâ*": "occasion/opportunity/pretext", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/looking for", "*mōšəlîm*": "ruling/governing/dominating" } } 5 { "verseID": "Judges.14.5", "source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yēred šimšôn wə-ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô timnātâ wə-yābōʾû ʿad-karmê timnātâ wə-hinnēh kəp̄îr ʾărāyôt šōʾēg liqrātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went down", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Timnah", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they came", "*ʿad-karmê*": "preposition ʿad + noun masculine plural construct - as far as vineyards of", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun - Timnah", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction wə- + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*kəp̄îr*": "noun masculine singular construct - young lion of", "*ʾărāyôt*": "noun masculine plural - lions", "*šōʾēg*": "Qal participle masculine singular - roaring", "*liqrātô*": "preposition lə- + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yābōʾû*": "they came/arrived/entered", "*karmê*": "vineyards/orchards", "*kəp̄îr ʾărāyôt*": "young lion/lion cub", "*šōʾēg*": "roaring/growling", "*liqrātô*": "to meet him/against him" } } 6 { "verseID": "Judges.14.6", "source": "וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "*wə-tiṣlaḥ ʿālāyw rûaḥ YHWH wə-yəšassəʿēhû kə-šassaʿ ha-gədî ū-məʾûmâ ʾên bə-yādô wə-lōʾ higgîd lə-ʾābîw ūlə-ʾimmô ʾēt ʾăšer ʿāśâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiṣlaḥ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and came mightily/rushed", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition ʿal + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH", "*wə-yəšassəʿēhû*": "conjunction wə- + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he tore him apart", "*kə-šassaʿ*": "preposition kə- + Piel infinitive construct - as tearing", "*ha-gədî*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the young goat", "*ū-məʾûmâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular - and nothing", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - [was] not", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*higgîd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he told", "*lə-ʾābîw*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ūlə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/what", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had done" }, "variants": { "*tiṣlaḥ*": "came mightily/rushed/seized", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*yəšassəʿēhû*": "tore him apart/ripped him", "*gədî*": "young goat/kid", "*məʾûmâ*": "anything/nothing", "*higgîd*": "told/reported/declared" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.14.7", "source": "וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "*wə-yēred wə-yədabbēr lā-ʾiššâ wə-tîšar bə-ʿênê šimšôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*wə-yədabbēr*": "conjunction wə- + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*lā-ʾiššâ*": "preposition lə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the woman", "*wə-tîšar*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she was pleasing", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine dual construct - in eyes of", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yədabbēr*": "spoke/talked/conversed", "*tîšar*": "was pleasing/was right" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.14.8", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšāb mî-yāmîm lə-qaḥtāh wə-yāsar li-rʾôt ʾēt mappelet hā-ʾaryēh wə-hinnēh ʿădat dəbôrîm bi-gəwîyat hā-ʾaryēh ū-dəbāš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāb*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*mî-yāmîm*": "preposition min + noun masculine plural - after days", "*lə-qaḥtāh*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her", "*wə-yāsar*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*li-rʾôt*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct - to see", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*mappelet*": "noun feminine singular construct - carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction wə- + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʿădat*": "noun feminine singular construct - swarm of", "*dəbôrîm*": "noun feminine plural - bees", "*bi-gəwîyat*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine singular construct - in carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*ū-dəbāš*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular - and honey" }, "variants": { "*yāšāb*": "returned/came back", "*mî-yāmîm*": "after days/after some time", "*qaḥtāh*": "to take her/to marry her", "*yāsar*": "turned aside/deviated", "*mappelet*": "carcass/remains/corpse", "*ʿădat*": "swarm/community/congregation", "*gəwîyat*": "carcass/body/corpse" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.14.9", "source": "וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yirdēhû ʾel-kappāyw wə-yēlek hālôk wə-ʾākōl wə-yēlek ʾel-ʾābîw wə-ʾel-ʾimmô wə-yittēn lāhem wə-yōʾkēlû wə-lōʾ-higgîd lāhem kî mi-gəwîyat hā-ʾaryēh rādâ ha-dəbāš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirdēhû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he scraped it out", "*ʾel-kappāyw*": "preposition ʾel + noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - into his palms", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*wə-ʾākōl*": "conjunction wə- + Qal infinitive absolute - and eating", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾel-ʾābîw*": "preposition ʾel + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*wə-ʾel-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition ʾel + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*wə-yittēn*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə-yōʾkēlû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they ate", "*wə-lōʾ-higgîd*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle + Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he did not tell", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*mi-gəwîyat*": "preposition min + noun feminine singular construct - from carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*rādâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he extracted", "*ha-dəbāš*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the honey" }, "variants": { "*yirdēhû*": "he scraped it out/he gathered it/he extracted it", "*kappāyw*": "his palms/his hands", "*hālôk wə-ʾākōl*": "going and eating/as he went along eating", "*higgîd*": "told/informed/reported", "*rādâ*": "extracted/scraped/removed", "*gəwîyat*": "carcass/body/corpse" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.14.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yēred ʾābîhû ʾel-hā-ʾiššâ wə-yaʿaś šām šimšôn mišteh kî kēn yaʿăśû ha-baḥûrîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went down", "*ʾābîhû*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʾel-hā-ʾiššâ*": "preposition ʾel + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the woman", "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*mišteh*": "noun masculine singular - feast", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus", "*yaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would do", "*ha-baḥûrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the young men" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yaʿaś*": "made/prepared/arranged", "*mišteh*": "feast/drinking party/banquet", "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/bachelors" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.14.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî kirʾôtām ʾôtô wə-yiqḥû šəlōšîm mērēʿîm wə-yihyû ʾittô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*kirʾôtām*": "preposition kə- + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they saw", "*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wə-yiqḥû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*mērēʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - companions", "*wə-yihyû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were", "*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass", "*kirʾôtām*": "when they saw/as they saw", "*yiqḥû*": "they took/they selected", "*mērēʿîm*": "companions/friends" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.14.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה־נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם־הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lāhem šimšôn ʾāḥûdâ-nāʾ lākem ḥîdâ ʾim-haggēd taggîdû ʾôtāh lî šibʿat yəmê ha-mišteh ū-məṣāʾtem wə-nātattî lākem šəlōšîm sədînîm ū-šəlōšîm ḥălip̄ôt bəgādîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*ʾāḥûdâ-nāʾ*": "Qal cohortative 1st singular + particle of entreaty - let me pose, please", "*lākem*": "preposition lə- + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ḥîdâ*": "noun feminine singular - riddle", "*ʾim-haggēd*": "conjunction ʾim + Hiphil infinitive absolute - if indeed", "*taggîdû*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you tell", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*šibʿat*": "numeral construct - seven of", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of", "*ha-mišteh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the feast", "*ū-məṣāʾtem*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you find", "*wə-nātattî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 1st singular - then I will give", "*lākem*": "preposition lə- + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*sədînîm*": "noun masculine plural - linen garments", "*ū-šəlōšîm*": "conjunction wə- + numeral - and thirty", "*ḥălip̄ôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - changes of", "*bəgādîm*": "noun masculine plural - clothes" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḥûdâ*": "let me pose/let me tell", "*ḥîdâ*": "riddle/puzzle/enigma", "*haggēd taggîdû*": "indeed tell/surely explain", "*məṣāʾtem*": "you find/you solve", "*sədînîm*": "linen garments/sheets", "*ḥălip̄ôt bəgādîm*": "changes of clothes/sets of garments" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.14.13", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim-lōʾ tûkəlû lə-haggîd lî ū-nətattem ʾattem lî šəlōšîm sədînîm ū-šəlōšîm ḥălîp̄ôt bəgādîm wə-yōʾmərû lô ḥûdâ ḥîdātəkā wə-nišmāʿennâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + conjunction ʾim + negative particle - but if not", "*tûkəlû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you are able", "*lə-haggîd*": "preposition lə- + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*ū-nətattem*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - then you shall give", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun 2nd masculine plural - you", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*sədînîm*": "noun masculine plural - linen garments", "*ū-šəlōšîm*": "conjunction wə- + numeral - and thirty", "*ḥălîp̄ôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - changes of", "*bəgādîm*": "noun masculine plural - clothes", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lô*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ḥûdâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - pose", "*ḥîdātəkā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your riddle", "*wə-nišmāʿennâ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 1st common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and we will hear it" }, "variants": { "*tûkəlû*": "you are able/you can", "*haggîd*": "to tell/to explain", "*nətattem*": "you shall give/you must give", "*sədînîm*": "linen garments/sheets", "*ḥălîp̄ôt bəgādîm*": "changes of clothes/sets of garments", "*ḥûdâ*": "pose/tell", "*nišmāʿennâ*": "we will hear it/we will listen to it" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.14.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lāhem mē-hā-ʾōkēl yāṣāʾ maʾăkāl ū-mē-ʿaz yāṣāʾ mātôq wə-lōʾ yākəlû lə-haggîd ha-ḥîdâ šəlōšet yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*mē-hā-ʾōkēl*": "preposition min + definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - from the eater", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*maʾăkāl*": "noun masculine singular - food", "*ū-mē-ʿaz*": "conjunction wə- + preposition min + adjective masculine singular - and from strong", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*mātôq*": "adjective masculine singular - sweet", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*yākəlû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able", "*lə-haggîd*": "preposition lə- + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell", "*ha-ḥîdâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the riddle", "*šəlōšet*": "numeral construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*ʾōkēl*": "eater/devourer", "*yāṣāʾ*": "came out/emerged", "*maʾăkāl*": "food/something eaten", "*ʿaz*": "strong/fierce/mighty", "*mātôq*": "sweet/pleasant", "*yākəlû*": "they were able/they could", "*haggîd*": "to tell/to solve" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.14.15", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת־אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן־נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî ba-yôm ha-šəbîʿî wə-yōʾmərû lə-ʾēšet-šimšôn pattî ʾet-ʾîšēk wə-yagged-lānû ʾet-ha-ḥîdâ pen-niśrōp̄ ʾôtāk wə-ʾet-bêt ʾābîk bā-ʾēš ha-lə-yārəšēnû qərāʾtem lānû hă-lōʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition bə- + definite article + noun masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-šəbîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal adjective masculine singular - the seventh", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lə-ʾēšet*": "preposition lə- + noun feminine singular construct - to wife of", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*pattî*": "Piel imperative feminine singular - entice", "*ʾet-ʾîšēk*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your husband", "*wə-yagged*": "conjunction wə- + Hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - that he may tell", "*lānû*": "preposition lə- + 1st common plural suffix - to us", "*ʾet-ha-ḥîdâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine singular - the riddle", "*pen-niśrōp̄*": "conjunction pen + Qal imperfect 1st common plural - lest we burn", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*wə-ʾet-bêt*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - and house of", "*ʾābîk*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father", "*bā-ʾēš*": "preposition bə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - with the fire", "*ha-lə-yārəšēnû*": "interrogative particle + preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct with 1st common plural suffix - to impoverish us", "*qərāʾtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have invited", "*lānû*": "preposition lə- + 1st common plural suffix - to us", "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not?" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass", "*pattî*": "entice/persuade/seduce", "*yagged*": "may tell/should explain", "*niśrōp̄*": "we burn/we consume with fire", "*yārəšēnû*": "to impoverish us/to dispossess us", "*qərāʾtem*": "you have invited/you have called" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.14.16", "source": "וַתֵּבְךְּ֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן עָלָ֗יו וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ רַק־שְׂנֵאתַ֙נִי֙ וְלֹ֣א אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִי הֽ͏ַחִידָ֥ה חַ֙דְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וְלִ֖י לֹ֣א הִגַּ֑דְתָּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הִנֵּ֨ה לְאָבִ֧י וּלְאִמִּ֛י לֹ֥א הִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְלָ֥ךְ אַגִּֽיד׃", "text": "*wə-tēbək ʾēšet šimšôn ʿālāyw wə-tōʾmer raq-śənēʾtanî wə-lōʾ ʾăhabtānî ha-ḥîdâ ḥadtā li-bənê ʿammî wə-lî lōʾ higgadtâ wə-yōʾmer lāh hinnēh lə-ʾābî ū-lə-ʾimmî lōʾ higgadtî wə-lāk ʾaggîd*", "grammar": { "*wə-tēbək*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she wept", "*ʾēšet*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition ʿal + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*wə-tōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*raq-śənēʾtanî*": "adverb + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - only you hate me", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*ʾăhabtānî*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - you love me", "*ha-ḥîdâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the riddle", "*ḥadtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have posed", "*li-bənê*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine plural construct - to sons of", "*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*wə-lî*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - and to me", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*higgadtâ*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have told", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāh*": "preposition lə- + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*lə-ʾābî*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - to my father", "*ū-lə-ʾimmî*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + noun feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - and to my mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*higgadtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st singular - I have told", "*wə-lāk*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and to you", "*ʾaggîd*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I should tell" }, "variants": { "*tēbək*": "she wept/she cried", "*śənēʾtanî*": "you hate me/you dislike me", "*ʾăhabtānî*": "you love me/you care for me", "*ḥadtā*": "you have posed/you have put forth", "*higgadtâ*": "you have told/you have explained", "*higgadtî*": "I have told/I have explained", "*ʾaggîd*": "I should tell/shall I tell" } }
• 1 Sam 4:1-6 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃", "text": "And *wə* *yəhî* *dəvar*-*šəmû'ēl* to-all-*yiśrā'ēl* and *wə* *yēṣē'* *yiśrā'ēl* to-*liqra't* *pəlištîm* to-the-*milḥāmāh* and *wə* *yaḥănû* at-the-*'even* the-*'ēzer* and-*pəlištîm* *ḥānû* in-*'ăpēq*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - was, became", "*dəvar*": "construct state - word of", "*šəmû'ēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yēṣē'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - went out", "*liqra't*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle, war", "*yaḥănû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they camped, encamped", "*'even*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*'ēzer*": "proper noun - Ezer", "*ḥānû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they camped, encamped", "*'ăpēq*": "proper noun - Aphek" }, "variants": { "*dəvar*": "word, command, matter, thing", "*yēṣē'*": "went out, came forth, departed", "*liqra't*": "to meet, against, in opposition to", "*yaḥănû*": "they encamped, they pitched [tents]", "*'even*": "stone, rock" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.2", "source": "וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *wə* *ya'arkû* *pəlištîm* to-*liqra't* *yiśrā'ēl* and *wə* *tiṭṭōš* the-*milḥāmāh* and *wə* *yinnāgep* *yiśrā'ēl* before *pənê* *pəlištîm* and *wə* *yakkû* in-the-*ma'ărākāh* in-the-*śādeh* about-four *'ălāpîm* *'îš*.", "grammar": { "*ya'arkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they arranged, set in order, drew up", "*liqra't*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet, against", "*tiṭṭōš*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - spread out, extended, joined", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle, war", "*yinnāgep*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - was defeated, smitten", "*pənê*": "plural construct - face, presence of", "*yakkû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they struck, killed", "*ma'ărākāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle line, arrangement", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*'ălāpîm*": "masculine plural noun - thousands", "*'îš*": "masculine singular noun - man, men (collective)" }, "variants": { "*ya'arkû*": "they arranged, set in order, positioned [themselves]", "*tiṭṭōš*": "joined, spread out, was deployed, engaged", "*yinnāgep*": "was smitten, was defeated, was struck down", "*yakkû*": "they smote, struck down, killed", "*ma'ărākāh*": "battle line, battle array, battlefield" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.3", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֮ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *wə* *yāvō'* the-*'ām* to-the-*maḥăneh* and *wə* *yō'mərû* *ziqnê* *yiśrā'ēl* why *lāmmāh* *nəgāpānû* *YHWH* the-*yôm* before *pənê* *pəlištîm* let-us-take *niqḥāh* to-us from-*šilōh* *'et*-*'ărôn* *bərît* *YHWH* and *wə* *yāvō'* in-midst-of-us and *wə* *yōši'ēnû* from-*kap* our-enemies.", "grammar": { "*yāvō'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he came, entered", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp", "*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they said", "*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct - elders of", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*nəgāpānû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - he has smitten us", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*pənê*": "plural construct - face, presence of", "*niqḥāh*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us take", "*šilōh*": "proper noun - Shiloh", "*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*yāvō'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may it come", "*yōši'ēnû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive + 1st common plural suffix - may it save us", "*kap*": "feminine singular construct - hand, palm of" }, "variants": { "*'ām*": "people, nation, troops", "*ziqnê*": "elders, old men, leaders", "*nəgāpānû*": "struck us, defeated us, afflicted us", "*niqḥāh*": "let us take, let us fetch", "*bərît*": "covenant, treaty, agreement", "*yōši'ēnû*": "may it save us, may it deliver us, may it rescue us", "*kap*": "hand, palm, power" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.4", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח הָעָם֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֞ם שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִ֗י עִם־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס׃", "text": "And *wə* *yišlaḥ* the-*'ām* *šilōh* and *wə* *yiś'û* from-there *'ēt* *'ărôn* *bərît*-*YHWH* *ṣəvā'ôt* dwelling-*yōšēv* the-*kərūvîm* and-there the-two *šənê* *bənê*-*'ēlî* with-*'ărôn* *bərît* the-*'ĕlōhîm* *ḥopnî* and-*pînəḥās*.", "grammar": { "*yišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he sent", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*yiś'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they carried, lifted", "*'ēt*": "direct object marker", "*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ṣəvā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts, armies", "*yōšēv*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - dwelling [between], sitting [on]", "*kərūvîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the cherubim", "*šənê*": "masculine dual construct - two of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'ēlî*": "proper noun - Eli", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - God", "*ḥopnî*": "proper noun - Hophni", "*pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas" }, "variants": { "*yiś'û*": "they carried, they bore, they lifted up", "*ṣəvā'ôt*": "hosts, armies, multitudes", "*yōšēv*": "dwelling [between], sitting [on], enthroned [upon]", "*kərūvîm*": "cherubim, angelic beings" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.5", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּב֨וֹא אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּרִ֥עוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *wə* *yəhî* when-entering *kəvô'* *'ărôn* *bərît*-*YHWH* to-the-*maḥăneh* and *wə* *yārî'û* all-*yiśrā'ēl* *tərû'āh* *gədôlāh* and *wə* *tēhōm* the-*'āreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive jussive - it happened", "*kəvô'*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when entering/coming", "*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp", "*yārî'û*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they shouted", "*tərû'āh*": "feminine singular noun - shout, blast", "*gədôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective - great, loud", "*tēhōm*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - it resounded, roared", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth, land" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it came to pass, it happened", "*kəvô'*": "when entering, at the coming of", "*yārî'û*": "they shouted, they made a loud noise", "*tərû'āh*": "shout, battle cry, trumpet blast", "*tēhōm*": "resounded, roared, quaked, echoed" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.6", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֶ֠ה ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֧ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה הָעִבְרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה בָּ֖א אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wə* *yišmə'û* *pəlištîm* *'et*-sound *qôl* the-*tərû'āh* and *wə* *yō'mərû* what *meh* sound *qôl* the-*tərû'āh* the-*gədôlāh* the-*zō't* in-camp *maḥănēh* the-*'ivrîm* and *wə* *yēdə'û* that *kî* *'ărôn* *YHWH* had-come *bā'* to-the-*maḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*yišmə'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they heard", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*tərû'āh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the shout", "*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they said", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*gədôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*zō't*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun with definite article - this", "*maḥănēh*": "masculine singular construct - camp of", "*'ivrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews", "*yēdə'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that, because", "*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*bā'*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had come" }, "variants": { "*yišmə'û*": "they heard, they listened to", "*qôl*": "sound, voice, noise", "*tərû'āh*": "shout, battle cry, acclaim", "*'ivrîm*": "Hebrews, those from across [the river]", "*yēdə'û*": "they knew, they understood, they realized" } }
• 1 Sam 13:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.1", "source": "בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁא֣וּל בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ben-šānâ* *šāʾûl* in *mālĕkô* and *šĕtê šānîm* *mālak* over-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ben-šānâ*": "construct state - son of year/one year old", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, subject - Saul", "*bĕmālĕkô*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign", "*šĕtê*": "construct state, feminine dual - two", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural - years", "*mālak*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he reigned/ruled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ben-šānâ*": "son of a year/one year old/[textual difficulty exists in this verse]", "*mālĕkô*": "his becoming king/his kingship/his reign", "*mālak*": "reigned/ruled/was king" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.2", "source": "וַיִּבְחַר־ל֨וֹ שָׁא֜וּל שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֮ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיִּהְי֨וּ עִם־שָׁא֜וּל אַלְפַּ֗יִם בְּמִכְמָשׂ֙ וּבְהַ֣ר בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְאֶ֗לֶף הָיוּ֙ עִם־י֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בְּגִבְעַ֖ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ין וְיֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם שִׁלַּ֖ח אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyiḇḥar-lô* *šāʾûl* *šĕlōšet* *ʾălāp̄îm* from-*yiśrāʾēl* *wayyihyû* with-*šāʾûl* *ʾalpayim* in-*mikmāś* and-in-*har bêt-ʾēl* and-*ʾelep̄* *hāyû* with-*yônātān* in-*giḇʿat* *binyāmîn* and-*yeter* *hāʿām* *šillaḥ* *ʾîš* to-*ʾōhālāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḇḥar-lô*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms with dative suffix - and he chose for himself", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, subject - Saul", "*šĕlōšet*": "construct state - three", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "masculine plural - thousands", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they were", "*ʾalpayim*": "masculine dual - two thousand", "*ʾelep̄*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they were", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3ms - he sent away", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - each man" }, "variants": { "*šillaḥ*": "sent away/dismissed/let go", "*ʾîš*": "each man/each one/individually" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.3", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ יוֹנָתָ֗ן אֵ֣ת נְצִ֤יב פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגֶ֔בַע וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְשָׁאוּל֩ תָּקַ֨ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֤ר בְּכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׁמְע֖וּ הָעִבְרִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyak* *yônātān* *ʾēt* *nĕṣîḇ* *pĕlištîm* which in-*geḇaʿ* *wayyišmĕʿû* *pĕlištîm* and-*šāʾûl* *tāqaʿ* in-*šôp̄ār* in-all-*hāʾāreṣ* *lēmōr* *yišmĕʿû* *hāʿiḇrîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyak*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he struck/attacked", "*yônātān*": "proper noun, subject - Jonathan", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*nĕṣîḇ*": "masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost", "*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wayyišmĕʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they heard", "*tāqaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he blew", "*šôp̄ār*": "masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yišmĕʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - let them hear/they shall hear" }, "variants": { "*nĕṣîḇ*": "garrison/outpost/pillar/officer", "*tāqaʿ*": "blew/sounded/trumpeted", "*hāʿiḇrîm*": "the Hebrews/the Israelites" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.4", "source": "וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃", "text": "And-all-*yiśrāʾēl* *šāmĕʿû* *lēmōr* *hikkâ* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*nĕṣîḇ* *pĕlištîm* and-also-*niḇʾaš* *yiśrāʾēl* in-*pĕlištîm* *wayyiṣṣāʿăqû* *hāʿām* after *šāʾûl* *haggilgāl*", "grammar": { "*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they heard", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he struck/attacked", "*niḇʾaš*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - became odious/was abhorred", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3mp - and they were called together/gathered" }, "variants": { "*niḇʾaš*": "became odious/was abhorred/had become hated/stank in the nostrils of", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "were called together/were summoned/gathered themselves" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.5", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף רֶ֙כֶב֙ וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעָ֕ם כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַֽת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְמִכְמָ֔שׂ קִדְמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "And-*pĕlištîm* *neʾesp̄û* to-*hillāḥēm* with-*yiśrāʾēl* *šĕlōšîm* *ʾelep̄* *rekeḇ* and-*šēšet* *ʾălāp̄îm* *pārāšîm* and-*ʿām* like-*ḥôl* which on-*śĕp̄at*-*hayyām* for-*rōḇ* *wayyaʿălû* *wayyaḥănû* in-*mikmās* *qidmat* *bêt* *ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*neʾesp̄û*": "niphal perfect, 3cp - they gathered themselves/were assembled", "*hillāḥēm*": "niphal infinitive construct - to fight/to wage war", "*šĕlōšîm*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*ʾelep̄*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*rekeḇ*": "collective noun - chariots", "*šēšet*": "construct state - six", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "masculine plural - thousands", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural - horsemen/cavalry", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular - people/troops", "*ḥôl*": "masculine singular - sand", "*śĕp̄at*": "construct state - shore/lip", "*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular - the sea", "*rōḇ*": "masculine singular - abundance/multitude", "*wayyaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went up", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they encamped" }, "variants": { "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/charioteers", "*qidmat*": "east of/in front of/before" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.6", "source": "וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר־ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָעָ֗ם בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *rāʾû* that *ṣar*-to-him for *niggaś* *hāʿām* *wayyitḥabbĕʾû* *hāʿām* in-*hammĕʿārôt* and-in-*ḥăwāḥîm* and-in-*sĕlāʿîm* and-in-*ṣĕriḥîm* and-in-*bōrôt*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "collective singular - men/people of", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they saw", "*ṣar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - was distressed/in distress", "*niggaś*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - was hard pressed/oppressed", "*wayyitḥabbĕʾû*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3mp - and they hid themselves", "*hammĕʿārôt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the caves", "*ḥăwāḥîm*": "masculine plural - thickets/thornbushes", "*sĕlāʿîm*": "masculine plural - rocks/cliffs", "*ṣĕriḥîm*": "masculine plural - fissures/high places", "*bōrôt*": "masculine plural - pits/cisterns" }, "variants": { "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/narrow place", "*niggaś*": "hard pressed/oppressed/driven", "*ṣĕriḥîm*": "fissures/towers/high places", "*ḥăwāḥîm*": "thickets/thornbushes/hiding places" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.7", "source": "וְעִבְרִ֗ים עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶ֥רֶץ גָּ֖ד וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְשָׁאוּל֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם חָרְד֥וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*ʿiḇrîm* *ʿāḇrû* *ʾet*-*hayyardēn* *ʾereṣ* *gād* and-*gilʿād* and-*šāʾûl* *ʿôdennû* in-*gilgāl* and-all-*hāʿām* *ḥārdû* after-him", "grammar": { "*ʿiḇrîm*": "masculine plural - Hebrews", "*ʿāḇrû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they crossed", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct state - land of", "*ʿôdennû*": "adverb + 3ms suffix - still he/he was still", "*ḥārdû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they trembled/were afraid" }, "variants": { "*ʿiḇrîm*": "Hebrews/some Israelites", "*ḥārdû*": "trembled/were afraid/followed with fear" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.8", "source": "*וייחל **וַיּ֣וֹחֶל ׀ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים לַמּוֹעֵד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וְלֹא־בָ֥א שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyôḥel* *šiḇʿat* *yāmîm* to-*hammôʿēd* which *šĕmûʾēl* and-not-*bāʾ* *šĕmûʾēl* *haggilgāl* *wayyāp̄eṣ* *hāʿām* from-upon-him", "grammar": { "*wayyôḥel*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he waited", "*šiḇʿat*": "construct state - seven", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural - days", "*hammôʿēd*": "definite article + masculine singular - the appointed time", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he came", "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he scattered/dispersed" }, "variants": { "*wayyôḥel*": "waited/tarried/delayed", "*môʿēd*": "appointed time/set time/place of meeting", "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "scattered/dispersed/began to disperse" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּ֣שׁוּ אֵלַ֔י הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וַיַּ֖עַל הָעֹלָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* *haggišû* to-me *hāʿōlâ* and-*haššĕlāmîm* *wayyaʿal* *hāʿōlâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*haggišû*": "hiphil imperative, 2mp - bring", "*hāʿōlâ*": "definite article + feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*haššĕlāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the peace offerings", "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he offered up" }, "variants": { "*haggišû*": "bring/bring near/present", "*hāʿōlâ*": "burnt offering/whole offering", "*haššĕlāmîm*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְהַעֲל֣וֹת הָעֹלָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בָּ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א שָׁא֛וּל לִקְרָאת֖וֹ לְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayĕhî* when-*kallōtô* to-*haʿălôt* *hāʿōlâ* and-behold *šĕmûʾēl* *bāʾ* *wayyēṣēʾ* *šāʾûl* to-*qirʾātô* to-*bārăkô*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*kallōtô*": "piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - his finishing", "*haʿălôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to offer up", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - came/was coming", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out", "*qirʾātô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to meet him", "*bārăkô*": "piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to bless him" }, "variants": { "*kallōtô*": "his finishing/completing/ending", "*qirʾātô*": "to meet him/to greet him" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֡וּל כִּֽי־רָאִיתִי֩ כִֽי־נָפַ֨ץ הָעָ֜ם מֵעָלַ֗י וְאַתָּה֙ לֹא־בָ֙אתָ֙ לְמוֹעֵ֣ד הַיָּמִ֔ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נֶאֱסָפִ֥ים מִכְמָֽשׂ׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šĕmûʾēl* what *ʿāśîtā* *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* for-*rāʾîtî* that-*nāp̄aṣ* *hāʿām* from-upon-me and-you not-*bāʾtā* to-*môʿēd* *hayyāmîm* and-*pĕlištîm* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *mikmās*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you have done", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1cs - I saw", "*nāp̄aṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - scattered/dispersed", "*bāʾtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you came", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular construct - appointed time of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the days", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - gathering themselves" }, "variants": { "*nāp̄aṣ*": "scattered/dispersed/was dispersing", "*môʿēd hayyāmîm*": "appointed time of the days/set time/appointed days" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.12", "source": "וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֠תָּה יֵרְד֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֵלַי֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א חִלִּ֑יתִי וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔ק וָאַעֲלֶ֖ה הָעֹלָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*wāʾōmar* now *yērdû* *pĕlištîm* to-me *haggilgāl* and-face-of *YHWH* not *ḥillîtî* *wāʾetʾappaq* *wāʾaʿălê* *hāʿōlâ*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1cs - and I said", "*yērdû*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they will come down", "*ḥillîtî*": "piel perfect, 1cs - I have entreated/appeased", "*wāʾetʾappaq*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 1cs - and I forced myself", "*wāʾaʿălê*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 1cs - and I offered up" }, "variants": { "*ḥillîtî*": "entreated/appeased/sought favor of", "*wāʾetʾappaq*": "forced myself/restrained myself/compelled myself" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ אֶת־מִצְוַ֞ת יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šĕmûʾēl* to-*šāʾûl* *niskāltā* not *šāmartā* *ʾet*-command-of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* which *ṣiwwākā* for now *hēkîn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-kingdom-your to-*yiśrāʾēl* until-forever", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*niskāltā*": "niphal perfect, 2ms - you have acted foolishly", "*šāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you kept/observed", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*ṣiwwākā*": "piel perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you", "*hēkîn*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he would have established" }, "variants": { "*niskāltā*": "acted foolishly/been foolish", "*hēkîn*": "established/confirmed/made firm" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.14", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה מַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣ לֹא־תָק֑וּם בִּקֵּשׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֜וֹ אִ֣ישׁ כִּלְבָב֗וֹ וַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּ יְהוָ֤ה לְנָגִיד֙ עַל־עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶֽׁר־צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-now kingdom-your not-*tāqûm* *biqqēš* *YHWH* for-him *ʾîš* according-to-heart-his *wayṣawwēhû* *YHWH* for-*nāg̱îd* over-people-his for not *šāmartā* *ʾēt* which-*ṣiwwĕkā* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3fs - will stand/endure", "*biqqēš*": "piel perfect, 3ms - he has sought", "*wayṣawwēhû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he has commanded him", "*nāg̱îd*": "masculine singular - leader/ruler", "*šāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you kept/observed", "*ṣiwwĕkā*": "piel perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you" }, "variants": { "*tāqûm*": "stand/endure/continue", "*nāg̱îd*": "leader/ruler/prince/commander", "*ʾîš* *kilḇāḇô*": "man after his heart/man according to his heart" } }
• 1 Sam 17:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.1", "source": "וַיַּאַסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ שֹׂכֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִיהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בֵּין־שׂוֹכֹ֥ה וּבֵין־עֲזֵקָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥פֶס דַּמִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wə-* *ʾāsap̄* *Pəlištîm* *ʾēt*-*maḥănēhem* for the *milḥāmâ*, and they *ʾāsap̄* to *Śōḵōh* which belonged to *Yəhûdâ*; and they *ḥānâ* between-*Śōḵōh* and between-*ʿĂzēqâ* in *ʾep̄es dammîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāsap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - gathered/assembled", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănēhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their camps/armies", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*Śōḵōh*": "proper noun - Socoh", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped/pitched camp", "*ʿĂzēqâ*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "proper noun - Ephes-dammim ('boundary of blood')" }, "variants": { "*ʾāsap̄*": "gathered/assembled/collected", "*maḥănēhem*": "their camps/their armies", "*ḥānâ*": "encamped/pitched camp/settled", "*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "end of blood/boundary of blood/ceasing of blood" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.2", "source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נֶאֶסְפ֔וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֑ה וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *Šāʾûl* and *ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl* were *ʾāsap̄*, and they *ḥānâ* in *ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*; and they *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ* to *qirʾat* *Pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - men of Israel", "*ʾāsap̄*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - were gathered/assembled", "*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped", "*ʿēmeq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of", "*ʾēlâ*": "noun with definite article - the terebinth/oak", "*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*qirʾat*": "preposition with infinitive construct - to meet/against", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites", "*ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Valley of the Terebinth", "*ʿāraḵ*": "arranged/set in order/prepared", "*qirʾat*": "to meet/against/in opposition to" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.3", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים עֹמְדִ֤ים אֶל־הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹמְדִ֥ים אֶל־הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וְהַגַּ֖יְא בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *Pəlištîm* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from this [side], and *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from that [side]; and the-*gayʾ* [was] between them.", "grammar": { "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿāmad*": "Qal participle masculine plural - standing", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain/hill", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the valley/ravine" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "standing/positioned/taking their stand", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine/gorge" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.4", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֤א אִֽישׁ־הַבֵּנַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּחֲנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים גָּלְיָ֥ת שְׁמ֖וֹ מִגַּ֑ת גָּבְה֕וֹ שֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת וָזָֽרֶת׃", "text": "And there *yāṣāʾ* *ʾîš*-the-*bênayim* from *maḥănôt* *Pəlištîm*, *Golyāt* [was] his *šēm*, from *Gat*; his *gābōah* [was] six *ʾammôt* and a *zeret*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - came out/went forth", "*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "construct phrase with definite article - champion/man of the between (literally: man of the midst)", "*maḥănôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - camps of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*Golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*Gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*gābōah*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his height", "*ʾammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - cubits", "*zeret*": "noun, masculine singular - span" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "champion/man of the midst/man between the two armies", "*maḥănôt*": "camps/armies", "*gābōah*": "height/stature/tallness", "*ʾammôt*": "cubits (approximately 18 inches each)", "*zeret*": "span (approximately 9 inches)" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.5", "source": "וְכ֤וֹבַע נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשִׁרְי֥וֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂ֖ים ה֣וּא לָב֑וּשׁ וּמִשְׁקַל֙ הַשִּׁרְי֔וֹן חֲמֵשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים שְׁקָלִ֖ים נְחֹֽשֶֽׁת׃", "text": "And [a] *kôḇaʿ* of *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *rōʾš*, and [a] *širyôn* of *qaśqaśîm* he was *lāḇûš*; and [the] *mišqal* of the-*širyôn* [was] five-*ʾălāp̄îm* *šəqālîm* [of] *nəḥōšet*.", "grammar": { "*kôḇaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet of", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head", "*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - coat of mail/armor", "*qaśqaśîm*": "noun, masculine plural - scales/plates", "*lāḇûš*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - clothed/wearing", "*mišqal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - weight of", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels" }, "variants": { "*kôḇaʿ*": "helmet/headpiece", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate", "*qaśqaśîm*": "scales/plates/links", "*lāḇûš*": "clothed/dressed/wearing", "*šəqālîm*": "shekels (unit of weight, approximately 11.5 grams each)" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.6", "source": "וּמִצְחַ֥ת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רַגְלָ֑יו וְכִיד֥וֹן נְחֹ֖שֶׁת בֵּ֥ין כְּתֵפָֽיו׃", "text": "And [a] *miṣḥat* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *raḡlayim*, and [a] *kîḏôn* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] between his *kətēp̄āyw*.", "grammar": { "*miṣḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - greaves/leg armor", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*raḡlayim*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his legs/feet", "*kîḏôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - javelin/spear", "*kətēp̄āyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his shoulders" }, "variants": { "*miṣḥat*": "greaves/leg armor/shin guards", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*raḡlayim*": "legs/feet", "*kîḏôn*": "javelin/short spear/scimitar", "*kətēp̄āyw*": "shoulders/shoulder blades" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.7", "source": "וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֗וֹ כִּמְנוֹר֙ אֹֽרְגִ֔ים וְלַהֶ֣בֶת חֲנִית֔וֹ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת שְׁקָלִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְנֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And [the] *ʿēṣ* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] like [a] *mənôr* [of] *ʾōrəḡîm*, and [the] *laheḇet* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] six-hundred *šəqālîm* [of] *barzel*; and [the] *nōśēʾ* [of] the-*ṣinnâ* was *hālaḵ* before him.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaft/wood/staff of", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spear", "*mənôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beam of", "*ʾōrəḡîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - weavers", "*laheḇet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - head/blade of", "*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the shield", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣ*": "shaft/wood/staff", "*ḥănît*": "spear/lance", "*mənôr*": "beam/rod/weaver's beam", "*ʾōrəḡîm*": "weavers/those who weave", "*laheḇet*": "head/blade/point", "*barzel*": "iron/metal", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearer/carrier", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/buckler" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.8", "source": "וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And he *ʿāmad* and *qārāʾ* to-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾāmar* to them, 'Why *yāṣāʾ* you to *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ*? [Am] not *ʾānōḵî* the-*Pəlištî*, and you [are] *ʿăḇāḏîm* to *Šāʾûl*? *bārā*-for yourselves [an] *ʾîš* and let him *yārad* to me.'", "grammar": { "*ʿāmad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he stood", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he called", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you come out", "*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to arrange/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bārā*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - choose", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yārad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him come down" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "stood/took a stand/positioned himself", "*qārāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*yāṣāʾ*": "come out/go forth", "*ʿāraḵ*": "arrange/draw up/set in order", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves", "*bārā*": "choose/select", "*yārad*": "come down/descend" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.9", "source": "אִם־יוּכַ֞ל לְהִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתִּי֙ וְהִכָּ֔נִי וְהָיִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם לַעֲבָדִ֑ים וְאִם־אֲנִ֤י אֽוּכַל־לוֹ֙ וְהִכִּיתִ֔יו וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לָ֙נוּ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃", "text": "If he *yāḵōl* to *lāḥam* with me and *nāḵâ* me, then we will *hāyâ* to you as *ʿăḇāḏîm*; but if *ʾănî* *yāḵōl*-him and *nāḵâ* him, then you will *hāyâ* to us as *ʿăḇāḏîm* and you will *ʿāḇad* us.", "grammar": { "*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he is able/can", "*lāḥam*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he strikes/kills me", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - we will be", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I am able/can", "*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I strike/kill him", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be", "*ʿāḇad*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will serve" }, "variants": { "*yāḵōl*": "is able/can/prevail", "*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle", "*nāḵâ*": "strike/kill/defeat", "*hāyâ*": "be/become", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves", "*ʿāḇad*": "serve/work for/be slaves to" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* the-*Pəlištî*, '*ʾănî* *ḥārap̄* *ʾēt*-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* this-*yôm*. *nātan*-to me [an] *ʾîš*, and let us *lāḥam* *yaḥad*.'", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*ḥārap̄*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular - I defy/taunt", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*nātan*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - give", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*lāḥam*": "Niphal imperfect 1st person plural cohortative - let us fight", "*yaḥad*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*ḥārap̄*": "defy/taunt/reproach/challenge", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*nātan*": "give/provide/appoint", "*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle", "*yaḥad*": "together/at the same time" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *šāmaʿ* *Šāʾûl* and all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt*-*dəḇārîm* [of] the-*Pəlištî* these; and they were *ḥātat* and *yārēʾ* exceedingly.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he heard", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ḥātat*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they were dismayed", "*yārēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they feared" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*ḥātat*": "were dismayed/terrified/shattered", "*yārēʾ*": "feared/were afraid" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.12", "source": "וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* [was the] *bēn*-*ʾîš* *ʾep̄rātî* this from *Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdâ*, and his *šēm* [was] *Yišay*, and to him [were] eight *bānîm*; and the-*ʾîš* in [the] *yōm* of *Šāʾûl* [was] *zāqēn*, *bôʾ* among men.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾep̄rātî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ephrathite", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*yōm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old/aged", "*bôʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - coming/going" }, "variants": { "*ʾep̄rātî*": "Ephrathite (from Ephrath, an ancient name for Bethlehem)", "*šēm*": "name/title", "*zāqēn*": "old/aged/elderly", "*bôʾ* among men": "advanced in years/elderly among men/well along in years" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.13", "source": "וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃", "text": "And *hālaḵ* three *bənê*-*Yišay* the-*gādôl*, they *hālaḵ* after-*Šāʾûl* to the-*milḥāmâ*; and [the] *šēm* [of] his three *bānîm* who *hālaḵ* to the-*milḥāmâ* [were] *ʾĔlîʾāḇ* the-*bəḵôr*, and his *mišneh* *ʾĂḇînādāḇ*, and the-*šəlîšî* *Šammâ*.", "grammar": { "*hālaḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they went", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*ʾĔlîʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the firstborn", "*mišneh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his second", "*ʾĂḇînādāḇ*": "proper noun - Abinadab", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the third", "*Šammâ*": "proper noun - Shammah" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest", "*mišneh*": "second/next in order", "*šəlîšî*": "third/third in order" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.14", "source": "וְדָוִ֖ד ה֣וּא הַקָּטָ֑ן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* *hûʾ* the-*qāṭān*; and [the] three the-*gādôl* *hālaḵ* after *Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*qāṭān*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the youngest", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul" }, "variants": { "*hûʾ*": "he/himself/that one", "*qāṭān*": "small/young/youngest", "*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.15", "source": "וְדָוִ֛ד הֹלֵ֥ךְ וָשָׁ֖ב מֵעַ֣ל שָׁא֑וּל לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־צֹ֥אן אָבִ֖יו בֵּֽית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* [was] *hālaḵ* and *šûḇ* from *ʿal* *Šāʾûl* to *rāʿâ* *ʾēt*-*ṣōʾn* [of] his *ʾāḇ* [in] *Bêt-leḥem*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going", "*šûḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - returning", "*ʿal*": "preposition - from upon/from", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rāʿâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to tend/shepherd", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular construct - flock of", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵ* and *šûḇ*": "going back and forth/coming and going", "*ʿal*": "from/from being with", "*rāʿâ*": "to tend/to shepherd/to pasture", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.16", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *nāḡaš* the-*Pəlištî* *šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*; and he *yāṣaḇ* forty *yôm*.", "grammar": { "*nāḡaš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he came near/approached", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*šāḵam*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*ʿāraḇ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - setting late/in the evening", "*yāṣaḇ*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he presented himself/took his stand", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*nāḡaš*": "came near/approached/drew near", "*šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*": "morning and evening/early and late", "*yāṣaḇ*": "presented himself/took his stand/positioned himself" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשַׁ֜י לְדָוִ֣ד בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א לְאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵיפַ֤ת הַקָּלִיא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָרֵ֥ץ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לְאַחֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *yišay* *lə-dāwid* *bənō* *qaḥ-nāʾ* *lə-ʾaḥeykā* *ʾêpat* *ha-qālîʾ* *ha-zeh* *wa-ʿăśārâ* *leḥem* *ha-zeh* *wə-hārêṣ* *ha-maḥăneh* *lə-ʾaḥeykā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*yišay*": "proper noun, nominative - Jesse", "*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*bənō*": "noun ms + 3ms possessive suffix - his son", "*qaḥ-nāʾ*": "qal imperative ms + particle of entreaty - take, please", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - for your brothers", "*ʾêpat*": "construct state - ephah of", "*ha-qālîʾ*": "definite article + noun ms - the parched grain", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wa-ʿăśārâ*": "waw conjunction + cardinal number - and ten", "*leḥem*": "noun mp - loaves of bread", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hārêṣ*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative ms - and run", "*ha-maḥăneh*": "definite article + noun ms - the camp", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - to your brothers" }, "variants": { "*qālîʾ*": "parched grain/roasted corn", "*ʾêpat*": "ephah (measure of volume, approx. 22 liters)", "*hārêṣ*": "run/hurry/rush" } } 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.18", "source": "וְ֠אֵת עֲשֶׂ֜רֶת חֲרִצֵ֤י הֶֽחָלָב֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה תָּבִ֖יא לְשַׂר־הָאָ֑לֶף וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְקֹ֣ד לְשָׁל֔וֹם וְאֶת־עֲרֻבָּתָ֖ם תִּקָּֽח׃", "text": "*wə-ʾēt* *ʿăśeret* *ḥăriṣê* *he-ḥālāb* *hā-ʾēlleh* *tābîʾ* *lə-śar* *hā-ʾālep* *wə-ʾet* *ʾaḥeykā* *tipqōd* *lə-šālôm* *wə-ʾet* *ʿărubātām* *tiqqāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number fs construct - ten of", "*ḥăriṣê*": "noun mp construct - cuts/slices of", "*he-ḥālāb*": "definite article + noun ms - the milk/cheese", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*tābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2ms - you shall bring", "*lə-śar*": "preposition + noun ms construct - to commander of", "*hā-ʾālep*": "definite article + noun ms - the thousand", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʾaḥeykā*": "noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - your brothers", "*tipqōd*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall visit/inquire after", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿărubātām*": "noun fs + 3mp possessive suffix - their pledge/token", "*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall take" }, "variants": { "*ḥăriṣê he-ḥālāb*": "cuts of cheese/slices of milk-product", "*śar-hā-ʾālep*": "commander of thousand/captain", "*tipqōd*": "inquire after/check on/visit", "*lə-šālôm*": "regarding welfare/concerning well-being/about peace", "*ʿărubātām*": "their pledge/token/evidence of well-being/proof of visit" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.19", "source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק הָֽאֵלָ֑ה נִלְחָמִ֖ים עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-šāʾûl* *wə-hēmmâ* *wə-kāl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ʿēmeq* *hā-ʾēlâ* *nilḥāmîm* *ʿim* *pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāʾûl*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Saul", "*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*wə-kāl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all/every", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + noun ms construct - in valley of", "*hā-ʾēlâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the terebinth/oak", "*nilḥāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - fighting", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʿēmeq hā-ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Terebinth Valley", "*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/warring/battling" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.20", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yaškēm* *dāwid* *ba-bōqer* *wa-yiṭṭōš* *ʾet* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *ʿal* *šōmēr* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *wa-yēlek* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *yišāy* *wa-yābōʾ* *ha-maʿgālâ* *wə-ha-ḥayil* *ha-yōṣēʾ* *ʾel* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wə-hērēʿû* *ba-milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaškēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he rose early", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ba-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the morning", "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the flock", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*šōmēr*": "qal participle ms - keeper", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took up/carried", "*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "piel perfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he commanded him", "*yišāy*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*ha-maʿgālâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the encampment/circle of wagons", "*wə-ha-ḥayil*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun ms - and the army", "*ha-yōṣēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one going out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wə-hērēʿû*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3cp - and they shouted", "*ba-milḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun fs - in the battle" }, "variants": { "*yaškēm*": "rose early/got up early", "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/entrusted/abandoned", "*šōmēr*": "keeper/guardian/watchman", "*yiśśāʾ*": "took up/carried/loaded", "*maʿgālâ*": "encampment/circle of wagons/barricade", "*ḥayil*": "army/force/troops", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/battle line/ranks", "*hērēʿû*": "shouted/raised battle cry/made noise" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.21", "source": "וַתַּעֲרֹ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מַעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את מַעֲרָכָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-taʿărōk* *yiśrāʾēl* *û-pəlištîm* *maʿărākâ* *liqraʾt* *maʿărākâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-taʿărōk*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it set in order/arranged", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û-pəlištîm*": "waw conjunction + proper noun mp - and Philistines", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet/opposite", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array" }, "variants": { "*taʿărōk*": "arranged/set in order/drew up", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/line of battle/ranks", "*liqraʾt*": "opposite/facing/against" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.22", "source": "וַיִּטֹשׁ֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים מֵעָלָ֗יו עַל־יַד֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַכֵּלִ֔ים וַיָּ֖רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְאֶחָ֖יו לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yiṭṭōš* *dāwid* *ʾet* *ha-kēlîm* *mē-ʿālāyw* *ʿal* *yad* *šômēr* *ha-kēlîm* *wa-yārāṣ* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wa-yābōʾ* *wa-yišʾal* *lə-ʾeḥāyw* *lə-šālôm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*mē-ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from upon him", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*yad*": "noun fs construct - hand of", "*šômēr*": "qal participle ms construct - keeper of", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*wa-yārāṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he ran", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*wa-yišʾal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he asked", "*lə-ʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - to his brothers", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare" }, "variants": { "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/put off/set down", "*kēlîm*": "vessels/equipment/baggage/supplies", "*šômēr ha-kēlîm*": "keeper of the supplies/baggage attendant", "*yārāṣ*": "ran/hurried", "*lə-šālôm*": "concerning welfare/about well-being" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.23", "source": "וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ *ממערות **מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-hûʾ* *mədabbēr* *ʿimmām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *ha-bênayim* *ʿôleh* *golyāt* *ha-pəlištî* *šəmô* *mi-gat* *mi-maʿarkôt* *pəlištîm* *wa-yədabbēr* *ka-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yišmaʿ* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3ms pronoun - and he", "*mədabbēr*": "piel participle ms - speaking", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wə-hinnēh*": "waw conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*ha-bênayim*": "definite article + noun mdual - the between/in-between", "*ʿôleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*šəmô*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his name", "*mi-gat*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath", "*mi-maʿarkôt*": "preposition + noun fp construct - from ranks of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines", "*wa-yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he spoke", "*ka-dəbārîm*": "preposition + noun mp - like the words", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ha-bênayim*": "champion/man of the in-between/duelist/man who stands between two armies", "*ʿôleh*": "coming up/ascending/appearing", "*maʿarkôt*": "battle ranks/battle lines/army ranks", "*ka-dəbārîm hā-ʾēlleh*": "like these words/the same words/according to these terms" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.24", "source": "וְכֹל֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּרְאוֹתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wə-kōl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bi-rəʾôtām* *ʾet* *hā-ʾîš* *wa-yānusû* *mi-ppānāyw* *wa-yîrəʾû* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wə-kōl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their seeing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*wa-yānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - from his face/presence", "*wa-yîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they feared", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - greatly" }, "variants": { "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "when they saw/upon seeing", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "from his presence/from before him", "*məʾōd*": "greatly/exceedingly/very much" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ha-rəʾîtem* *hā-ʾîš* *hā-ʿōleh* *ha-zeh* *kî* *lə-ḥārēp* *ʾet* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿōleh* *wə-hāyâ* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû* *yaʿšərennû* *ha-melek* *ʿōšer* *gādôl* *wə-ʾet* *bittô* *yitten* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *bêt* *ʾābîw* *yaʿăśeh* *ḥopšî* *bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-rəʾîtem*": "interrogative particle + qal perfect 2mp - have you seen", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*hā-ʿōleh*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one coming up", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lə-ḥārēp*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to reproach", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿōleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will strike him", "*yaʿšərennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will enrich him", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun ms - the king", "*ʿōšer*": "noun ms - riches", "*gādôl*": "adjective ms - great", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bittô*": "noun fs + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will give", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun ms construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his father", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will make", "*ḥopšî*": "adjective ms - free", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lə-ḥārēp*": "to taunt/reproach/defy", "*yaʿšərennû*": "will enrich him/will make him wealthy", "*ʿōšer gādôl*": "great wealth/riches", "*yaʿăśeh ḥopšî*": "will make free/will exempt from taxes and service" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʿōmədîm* *ʿimmô* *lēʾmōr* *mah* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkeh* *ʾet* *ha-pəlištî* *ha-llāz* *wə-hēsîr* *ḥerpâ* *mēʿal* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mî* *ha-pəlištî* *he-ʿārēl* *ha-zeh* *kî* *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*hā-ʿōmədîm*": "definite article + qal participle mp - the ones standing", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - will strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*ha-llāz*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hēsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3ms - and removes", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun fs - reproach", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*he-ʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the uncircumcised", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that", "*ḥērēp*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has reproached", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun fp construct - ranks of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun mp - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective mp - living" }, "variants": { "*ha-llāz*": "this/that one/yonder one", "*hēsîr ḥerpâ*": "remove reproach/take away disgrace", "*he-ʿārēl*": "the uncircumcised/the unclean", "*ḥērēp*": "reproached/taunted/defied", "*maʿarkôt ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm*": "ranks of the living God/battle lines of the living God/armies of the living God" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יֵעָשֶׂ֔ה לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *lô* *hā-ʿām* *ka-ddābār* *ha-zeh* *lēʾmōr* *kōh* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun ms - the people", "*ka-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - according to the word", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - strikes him" }, "variants": { "*ka-ddābār ha-zeh*": "according to this word/in this manner", "*kōh*": "thus/in this way/so" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *ʾāḥîw* *ha-ggādôl* *bə-dabbərô* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *wa-yiḥar* *ʾap* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *bə-dāwid* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāmmâ* *zeh* *yārādtā* *wə-ʿal* *mî* *nāṭaštā* *məʿaṭ* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *hā-hēnnâ* *ba-mmidbār* *ʾănî* *yādaʿtî* *ʾet* *zədōnəkā* *wə-ʾēt* *rōaʿ* *ləbābekā* *kî* *ləmaʿan* *rəʾôt* *ha-mmilḥāmâ* *yārādtā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his brother", "*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the oldest", "*bə-dabbərô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - in his speaking", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*wa-yiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned", "*ʾap*": "noun ms construct - nose/anger of", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - against David", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lāmmâ*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom", "*nāṭaštā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you left", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective ms - few", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the sheep", "*hā-hēnnâ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun fp - those", "*ba-mmidbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the wilderness", "*ʾănî*": "1cs pronoun - I", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zədōnəkā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your presumptuousness", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun ms construct - evil of", "*ləbābekā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your heart", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - in order to", "*rəʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - see", "*ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry", "*lāmmâ zeh*": "why this/for what reason", "*nāṭaštā*": "left/abandoned/entrusted", "*məʿaṭ*": "few/little", "*zədōnəkā*": "your presumptuousness/your pride/your insolence", "*rōaʿ ləbābekā*": "evil of your heart/wickedness of your heart/bad intent" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָ֑תָּה הֲל֖וֹא דָּבָ֥ר הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *meh* *ʿāśîtî* *ʿāttâ* *hălôʾ* *dābār* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have done", "*ʿāttâ*": "adverb - now", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not", "*dābār*": "noun ms - word/matter", "*hûʾ*": "3ms pronoun - it" }, "variants": { "*meh ʿāśîtî*": "what have I done/what did I do", "*hălôʾ dābār hûʾ*": "was it not just a word/isn't it only a question/is it not a matter (of importance)" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.30", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֤ב מֵֽאֶצְלוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְשִׁבֻ֤הוּ הָעָם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּדָּבָ֖ר הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyissōb* from *mēʾeṣlô* to-*mûl* *ʾaḥēr* and *wayyōʾmer* like-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*; and *wayšibuhû* the-*ʿām* *dābār* like-the-*dābār* the-*rīʾšôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyissōb*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *sbb* - and he turned", "*mēʾeṣlô*": "preposition *min* + preposition *ʾēṣel* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from beside him", "*mûl*": "preposition - direction/opposite/facing", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another/different", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*wayšibuhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *šwb* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they returned/answered him", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular collective - people", "*rīʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - first/former" }, "variants": { "*wayyissōb*": "turned/turned away/turned around", "*mûl*": "facing/opposite/in front of", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/speech" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.31", "source": "וַיְּ‪[t]‬שָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyiššāmʿû* the-*dəbārîm* which *dibbēr* *dāwid*; and *wayyaggidû* before-*šāʾûl* and *wayyiqqāḥēhû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Niphal imperfect of *šmʿ* - and they were heard", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words/things/matters", "*dibbēr*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *dbr* - spoke/said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyaggidû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *ngd* - and they reported/told", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him" }, "variants": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "were heard/became known", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/uttered", "*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/declared", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/summoned him/fetched him" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.32", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not-*yippōl* *lēb*-*ʾādām* upon-him; *ʿabdəkā* *yēlēk* and *nilḥam* with-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yippōl*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *npl* - he will fall", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*yēlēk*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - he will go", "*nilḥam*": "3rd masculine singular Niphal perfect of *lḥm* - he will fight", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall/fail/falter", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/courage", "*ʾādām*": "man/person/anyone", "*nilḥam*": "fight/do battle with", "*pəlištî*": "Philistine (member of the sea peoples)" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.33", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"Not *tûkal* to-*lāleket* to-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh* to-*hīllāḥēm* with-him, for-*naʿar* *ʾattāh*, and-he *ʾîš* *milḥāmâ* from-*nəʿurāyw*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*tûkal*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - you are able", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to go", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hīllāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct of *lḥm* - to fight", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*nəʿurāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his youth", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*tûkal*": "be able/prevail/succeed", "*naʿar*": "boy/youth/servant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/warrior", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/warfare", "*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/his young age/his adolescence" } } 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep", "*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took", "*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35", "source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out", "*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth", "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped", "*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard", "*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased", "*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved", "*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws", "*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of", "*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane", "*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } } 37 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.37", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid*, \"*Yhwh* who *hiṣṣilanî* from-*yad* the-*ʾărî* and-from-*yad* the-*dōb*, he *yaṣṣīlēnî* from-*yad* the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*. *s*\" And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"*lēk* and-*Yhwh* *yihyeh* with-you.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*hiṣṣilanî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he rescued me", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he will rescue me", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lēk*": "masculine singular Qal imperative of *hlk* - go", "*yihyeh*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hyh* - he will be", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣilanî*": "rescued me/delivered me/saved me", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "will rescue me/will deliver me/will save me", "*lēk*": "go/proceed/depart" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.38", "source": "וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyalbēš* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *maddāyw* and-*nātan* *kôbaʿ* *nəḥōšet* upon-*rōʾšô*; and *wayyalbēš* *ʾōtô* *širyôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyalbēš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *lbš* - and he clothed", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*nātan*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *ntn* - he gave/put", "*kôbaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - coat of mail/armor" }, "variants": { "*wayyalbēš*": "clothed/dressed/attired", "*maddāyw*": "his garments/his clothes/his military attire", "*kôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper", "*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.39", "source": "וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyaḥgōr* *dāwid* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* over to-*maddāyw* and *wayyōʾel* to-*lāleket* for not-*nissâ*. And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not *ʾûkal* to-*lāleket* in-these for not *nissîtî*.\" And *waycirēm* *dāwid* from-upon-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ḥgr* - and he girded", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wayyōʾel*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *yʾl* - and he tried/attempted", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to walk/go", "*nissâ*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - he had tested/tried", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾûkal*": "1st singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - I am able", "*nissîtî*": "1st singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - I have tested/tried", "*waycirēm*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *swr* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he removed them" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "girded/strapped/fastened", "*ḥarbô*": "his sword/his weapon", "*wayyōʾel*": "tried/attempted/consented", "*nissâ*": "tried/tested/experienced", "*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/capable", "*nissîtî*": "tried/tested/have experience with", "*waycirēm*": "removed them/took them off" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.40", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חֲ‪[c]‬לֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *maqlô* in-*yādô* and *wayyibḥar*-to-him five *ḥalluqê*-*ʾăbānîm* from-the-*naḥal* and *wayyāśem* *ʾōtām* in-*kəlî* the-*rōʿîm* which-to-him and-in-the-*yalqûṭ* and-*qallʿô* in-*yādô*; and *wayyigaš* to-the-*pəlištî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* - and he took", "*maqlô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyibḥar*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bḥr* - and he chose", "*ḥalluqê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - smooth", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - brook/stream/wadi", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *śym* - and he put", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/tool", "*rōʿîm*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine plural - shepherds", "*yalqûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - pouch/bag", "*qallʿô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sling", "*wayyigaš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ngš* - and he approached", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maqlô*": "his staff/his rod/his stick", "*wayyibḥar*": "chose/selected/picked out", "*ḥalluqê*": "smooth/flat/rounded", "*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/riverbed", "*kəlî*": "vessel/implement/container", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who tend sheep", "*yalqûṭ*": "pouch/bag/shepherd's bag", "*qallʿô*": "his sling/his slingshot", "*wayyigaš*": "approached/drew near/stepped forward" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.41", "source": "וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyēlek* the-*pəlištî* *hōlēk* and-*qārēb* to-*dāwid*, and-the-*ʾîš* *nōśēʾ* the-*ṣinnâ* before-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - and he went", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*hōlēk*": "Qal active participle of *hlk*, masculine singular - going/walking", "*qārēb*": "Qal active participle of *qrb*, masculine singular - approaching/drawing near", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal active participle of *nśʾ*, masculine singular - carrying/bearing", "*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield" }, "variants": { "*hōlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*qārēb*": "approaching/drawing near/advancing", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/soldier", "*nōśēʾ*": "carrying/bearing/holding", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/body shield" } } 42 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.42", "source": "וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyabbēṭ* the-*pəlištî* and *wayyirʾeh* *ʾet*-*dāwid* and *wayyibzēhû*, for-*hāyâ* *naʿar* and-*ʾadmōnî* with-*yəpēh* *marʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nbṭ* - and he looked", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*wayyirʾeh*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *rʾh* - and he saw", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyibzēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bzh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he despised him", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - he was", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾadmōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish", "*yəpēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - beautiful/handsome", "*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance" }, "variants": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "looked/gazed/observed", "*wayyirʾeh*": "saw/noticed/perceived", "*wayyibzēhû*": "despised him/disdained him/looked down on him", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/young man", "*ʾadmōnî*": "ruddy/reddish/of fair complexion", "*yəpēh*": "handsome/beautiful/fair", "*marʾeh*": "appearance/look/countenance" } } 43 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching", "*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks", "*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods" }, "variants": { "*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person", "*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking", "*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods", "*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings" } } 44 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come", "*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give", "*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go", "*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer", "*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass", "*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness" } } 45 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached" }, "variants": { "*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces", "*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted" } } 46 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46", "source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand", "*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you", "*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give", "*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you", "*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } } 47 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47", "source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our", "grammar": { "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand" }, "variants": { "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight" } } 48 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.48", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "and-*hāyāh* when-*qām* the-*pəlištî* *wə-yēlek* and-*yiqrab* to-*qirʾat* *Dāwid* and-*yəmahēr* *Dāwid* and-*yāroṣ* the-*maʿărākāh* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it happened/was", "*qām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went/walked", "*yiqrab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached/drew near", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened/hurried", "*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - ran", "*maʿărākāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle line/array", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maʿărākāh*": "battle line/formation/ranks/array" } } 49 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.49", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*yād*-his to-the-*kelî* *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-there *ʾeben* and-*yəqallaʿ* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* to-*mēṣaḥ*-his *wa-tiṭbaʿ* the-*ʾeben* in-*mēṣaḥ*-his and-*yippōl* on-*pānîm*-his *ʾarṣāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent/put out", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vessel/bag/pouch", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*yəqallaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - slung/hurled", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*wa-tiṭbaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and sank/penetrated", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground" }, "variants": { "*kelî*": "vessel/bag/pouch/equipment", "*yəqallaʿ*": "slung/hurled/shot", "*tiṭbaʿ*": "sank/penetrated/embedded" } } 50 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot" } } 51 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.51", "source": "וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāroṣ* *Dāwid* and-*yaʿămōd* to-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* and-*yišləpāhh* from-*taʿrāh* and-*yəmōtətēhû* and-*yiḵrōt*-with-it *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-his and-*yirʾû* the-*pəlištîm* that-*mēt* *gibbôrām* and-*yānusû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāroṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and ran", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*yišləpāhh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - drew it", "*taʿrāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*yiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - saw", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*gibbôrām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their champion/mighty man", "*yānusû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fled" }, "variants": { "*yišləpāhh*": "drew it/pulled it out", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "killed him/put him to death", "*gibbôrām*": "champion/mighty man/warrior" } } 52 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.52", "source": "וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן", "text": "*wə-yāqumû* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yəhûdāh* and-*yārîʿû* and-*yirdəpû* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištîm* until-*bôʾăḵā* *gayʾ* and-until *šaʿărê* *ʿeqrôn* and-*yippəlû* *ḥalələê* *pəlištîm* in-*dereḵ* *šaʿărayim* and-until-*gat* and-until-*ʿeqrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāqumû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and arose/stood up", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - shouted", "*yirdəpû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - pursued", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/entrance to", "*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - valley", "*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gates of", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fell", "*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - wounded/slain of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper noun - Shaaraim", "*gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron" }, "variants": { "*yārîʿû*": "shouted/raised war cry", "*ḥalələê*": "wounded/slain/fallen", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper name Shaaraim/possibly 'two gates'" } } 53 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.53", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדְּלֹ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֶת־מַחֲנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yāšuḇû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* from-*dəlōq* after *pəlištîm* and-*yāšossû* *ʾet*-*maḥănêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and returned", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dəlōq*": "qal infinitive construct - pursuing hotly", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*yāšossû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - plundered", "*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camps" }, "variants": { "*dəlōq*": "pursuing hotly/chasing", "*yāšossû*": "plundered/looted/spoiled" } } 54 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.54", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֖יו שָׂ֥ם בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* *Yərûšālā͏im* and-*ʾet*-*kēlāyw* *śām* in-*ʾohŏlô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought it", "*Yərûšālā͏im*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - put/placed", "*ʾohŏlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tent" }, "variants": { "*kēlāyw*": "weapons/equipment/armor/tools" } } 55 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.55", "source": "וְכִרְא֨וֹת שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֗ד יֹצֵא֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אָמַ֗ר אֶל־אַבְנֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃", "text": "and-when-*kirʾôt* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* *yōṣēʾ* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî* *ʾāmar* to-*ʾaḇnēr* *śar* the-*ṣāḇāʾ* son-of-who-*zeh* the-*naʿar* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾaḇnēr* by-*ḥê*-*nepšəḵā* the-*meleḵ* if-*yādāʿtî*", "grammar": { "*kirʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the army", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*ḥê*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - life of", "*nepšəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*yādāʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know" }, "variants": { "*kirʾôt*": "seeing/watching/observing", "*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy", "*ḥê-nepšəḵā*": "as your soul lives/by your life (oath formula)" } } 56 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.56", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׁאַ֣ל אַתָּ֔ה בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*meleḵ* *šəʾal* you son-of-who-*zeh* the-*ʿālem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*šəʾal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - ask/inquire", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʿālem*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth" }, "variants": { "*ʿālem*": "young man/youth/lad (slightly different word than *naʿar* in previous verse)" } } 57 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.57", "source": "וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-when-*šûḇ* *Dāwid* from-*hakkôt* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾōtô* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* before *Šāʾûl* and-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* in-*yādô*", "grammar": { "*šûḇ*": "qal infinitive construct - returning", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - striking/killing", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hakkôt*": "striking/killing/slaying" } } 58 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.58", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד בֶּֽן־עַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשַׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית הַלַּחְמִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾēlāyw* *Šāʾûl* *ben*-*mî* *ʾattâ* the-*naʿar* *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* *ben*-*ʿabdĕkā* *Yišay* *bêt* the-*laḥmî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ha-naʿar*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the young man/youth", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʿabdĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*Yišay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jesse", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of/from", "*ha-laḥmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Bethlehemite" }, "variants": { "*ben-mî*": "whose son/son of whom", "*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy", "*ben-ʿabdĕkā*": "son of your servant", "*bêt ha-laḥmî*": "house of the Bethlehemite/Bethlehemite/from Bethlehem" } }
• 1 Sam 21:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.1", "source": "וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן בָּ֥א הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *wayyāqom* and *wayyēlak* and *wiyehônātān* *bāʾ* the *hāʿîr*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose/stood up", "*wayyēlak*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went/departed", "*wiyehônātān*": "waw conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Jonathan", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came/entered", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular, absolute - the city" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqom*": "arose/stood up/got up", "*wayyēlak*": "went/walked/departed", "*bāʾ*": "came/entered/went into" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.2", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד אֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מַדּ֤וּעַ אַתָּה֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְאִ֖ישׁ אֵ֥ין אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾ* *Dāwid* *nōbeh* to *ʾĂḥîmelek* the *hakkōhēn* and *wayyeḥĕrad* *ʾĂḥîmelek* to *liqrāʾt* *Dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* to him *maddûaʿ* you *lebaddekā* and *ʾîš* *ʾên* with you", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came/entered", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*nōbeh*": "proper noun, place name - Nob", "*ʾĂḥîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahimelech", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*wayyeḥĕrad*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he trembled/was afraid", "*liqrāʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct of qrʾ - to meet", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*lebaddekā*": "preposition + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - by yourself/alone", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - man/person", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/no" }, "variants": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "came/entered/arrived at", "*wayyeḥĕrad*": "trembled/was afraid/was startled/was agitated", "*liqrāʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*lebaddekā*": "alone/by yourself/on your own" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַאֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ צִוַּ֣נִי דָבָר֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יֵ֧דַע מְא֛וּמָה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵֽחֲךָ֖ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָ וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֣ים יוֹדַ֔עְתִּי אֶל־מְק֥וֹם פְּלֹנִ֖י אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *laʾĂḥîmelek* the *hakkōhēn* the *hammelek* *ṣiwwanî* *dābār* and *wayyōʾmer* to me *ʾîš* not *yēdaʿ* *meʾûmâ* *ʾet*-the *haddābār* which-*ʾānōkî* *šōlēaḥăkā* and which *ṣiwwîtîkā* and *ʾet*-the *hanneʿārîm* *yôdaʿtî* to *meqôm* *pelōnî* *ʾalmônî*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*laʾĂḥîmelek*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Ahimelech", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the king", "*ṣiwwanî*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - he commanded me", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - word/matter/thing", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - man/anyone", "*yēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let know/know", "*meʾûmâ*": "noun, masculine singular - anything", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the word/matter/thing", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*šōlēaḥăkā*": "qal active participle, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - sending you", "*ṣiwwîtîkā*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I commanded you", "*hanneʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural, absolute - the young men/servants", "*yôdaʿtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I made known/informed/directed", "*meqôm*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - place of", "*pelōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - certain/specific", "*ʾalmônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - such and such/unnamed" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/command", "*yēdaʿ*": "know/be aware of/learn about", "*šōlēaḥăkā*": "sending you/dispatching you", "*yôdaʿtî*": "I made known/I informed/I directed/I appointed", "*pelōnî ʾalmônî*": "such and such a place/certain unnamed place/specific undisclosed location" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.4", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־יֵּ֧שׁ תַּֽחַת־יָדְךָ֛ חֲמִשָּׁה־לֶ֖חֶם תְּנָ֣ה בְיָדִ֑י א֖וֹ הַנִּמְצָֽא׃", "text": "And *weʿattâ* what-*yēš* under-your *yādekā* five-*leḥem* *tenâ* in my *beyādî* or the *hannimṣāʾ*", "grammar": { "*weʿattâ*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is/are", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - bread", "*tenâ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - give", "*beyādî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - in my hand", "*hannimṣāʾ*": "definite article + niphal participle, masculine singular, absolute - the found/available" }, "variants": { "*yēš*": "there is/exists/is available", "*leḥem*": "bread/food", "*tenâ*": "give/place/put", "*hannimṣāʾ*": "the [thing] found/whatever is available/what can be found" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.5", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* the *hakkōhēn* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* there is not-*leḥem* *ḥōl* to-under my *yādî* for-if-*leḥem* *qōdeš* *yēš* if-*nišmerû* the *hanneʿārîm* only from *ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - bread", "*ḥōl*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - common/profane/ordinary", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - holy/sacred", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is/are", "*nišmerû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they kept themselves/were kept", "*hanneʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural, absolute - the young men/servants", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular, absolute - woman" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿan*": "answered/responded/replied", "*leḥem ḥōl*": "common bread/ordinary bread/unconsecrated bread", "*leḥem qōdeš*": "holy bread/consecrated bread/sacred bread", "*nišmerû*": "kept themselves/abstained/stayed away from/were kept" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.6", "source": "וַיַּעַן֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־אִשָּׁ֤ה עֲצֻֽרָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם בְּצֵאתִ֕י וַיִּהְי֥וּ כְלֵֽי־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהוּא֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ חֹ֔ל וְאַ֕ף כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם יִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *hakkōhēn* and *wayyōʾmer* to him but if-*ʾiššâ* *ʿăṣûrâ*-to us as *kitmôl* *šilšōm* in my *beṣēʾtî* and *wayyihyû* *kelê*-the *hanneʿārîm* *qōdeš* and he *derekh* *ḥōl* and also because the *hayyôm* *yiqdaš* in the *bakkelî*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular, absolute - woman", "*ʿăṣûrâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - withheld/kept away", "*kitmôl*": "preposition + noun - as yesterday", "*šilšōm*": "adverb - three days ago/day before yesterday", "*beṣēʾtî*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - in my going out", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were/became", "*kelê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - vessels/articles of", "*hanneʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural, absolute - the young men/servants", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - holy/sacred", "*derekh*": "noun, feminine singular, absolute - way/journey", "*ḥōl*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - common/profane/ordinary", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the day/today", "*yiqdaš*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will sanctify/be sanctified", "*bakkelî*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the vessel" }, "variants": { "*ʿăṣûrâ*": "withheld/kept away/forbidden/restricted", "*kitmôl šilšōm*": "recently/for the past few days/as before/as in previous times", "*kelê*": "vessels/articles/equipment/bodies", "*derekh ḥōl*": "common journey/ordinary mission/secular matter", "*yiqdaš*": "will be sanctified/will become holy/will be consecrated" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.7", "source": "וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן קֹ֑דֶשׁ כִּי֩ לֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֜ם לֶ֗חֶם כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם הַפָּנִים֙ הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂוּם֙ לֶ֣חֶם חֹ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם הִלָּקְחֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyittēn*-to him the *hakkōhēn* *qōdeš* for not-*hāyâ* there *leḥem* for-if-*leḥem* the *happānîm* the *hammûsārîm* from before *YHWH* to *lāśûm* *leḥem* *ḥōm* in *beyôm* taking it away", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - holy/sacred [bread]", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/there was", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - bread", "*happānîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the presence/face", "*hammûsārîm*": "definite article + hophal participle, masculine plural - the removed ones", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lāśûm*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to place/put", "*ḥōm*": "adjective, masculine singular - hot/warm", "*beyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*hillāqeḥô*": "niphal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its being taken away" }, "variants": { "*qōdeš*": "holy bread/sacred bread/consecrated bread", "*leḥem happānîm*": "showbread/bread of presence/bread of the face", "*hammûsārîm*": "the removed ones/those taken away", "*lāśûm*": "to place/to put/to set out", "*ḥōm*": "hot/warm/fresh" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.8", "source": "וְשָׁ֡ם אִישׁ֩ מֵעַבְדֵ֨י שָׁא֜וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נֶעְצָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֖וֹ דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֑י אַבִּ֥יר הָרֹעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And there *ʾîš* from *mēʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* in the *bayyôm* the *hahûʾ* *neʿṣār* before *lipnê* *YHWH* and his *ûšemô* *Dōʾēg* the *hāʾĂdōmî* *ʾabbîr* the *hārōʿîm* who to *lešāʾûl*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular, absolute - man", "*mēʿabdê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from servants of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*neʿṣār*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - detained/restrained", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before/in front of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ûšemô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his name", "*Dōʾēg*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Doeg", "*hāʾĂdōmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Edomite", "*ʾabbîr*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular construct - chief/mightiest of", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the shepherds/herdsmen", "*lešāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - belonging to Saul" }, "variants": { "*neʿṣār*": "detained/restrained/confined/held back", "*lipnê YHWH*": "before the LORD/in the presence of the LORD/at the sanctuary", "*ʾabbîr hārōʿîm*": "chief of the shepherds/mightiest of the herdsmen/chief herdsman" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאִ֛ין יֶשׁ־פֹּ֥ה תַֽחַת־יָדְךָ֖ חֲנִ֣ית אוֹ־חָ֑רֶב כִּ֣י גַם־חַרְבִּ֤י וְגַם־כֵּלַי֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֣חְתִּי בְיָדִ֔י כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נָחֽוּץ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *laʾĂḥîmelek* and is there not *yeš*-here under-your *yādekā* *ḥănît* or-*ḥāreb* for also-my *ḥarbî* and also-my *kēlay* not-*lāqaḥtî* in my *beyādî* for-*hāyâ* *debar*-the *hammelek* *nāḥûṣ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*laʾĂḥîmelek*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Ahimelech", "*yeš*": "particle of existence - there is/are", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular, absolute - spear", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular, absolute - sword", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*kēlay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my weapons/vessels", "*lāqaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I took", "*beyādî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - in my hand", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/it was", "*debar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter/business of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the king", "*nāḥûṣ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - urgent/pressing" }, "variants": { "*ḥănît*": "spear/lance", "*ḥāreb*": "sword/dagger/knife", "*kēlay*": "weapons/equipment/vessels/utensils", "*debar-hammelek nāḥûṣ*": "king's matter was urgent/king's business was pressing/king's command was hasty" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן חֶרֶב֩ גָּלְיָ֨ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י אֲשֶׁר־הִכִּ֣יתָ ׀ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֗ה הִנֵּה־הִ֞יא לוּטָ֣ה בַשִּׂמְלָה֮ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאֵפוֹד֒ אִם־אֹתָ֤הּ תִּֽקַּח־לְךָ֙ קָ֔ח כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין אַחֶ֛רֶת זוּלָתָ֖הּ בָּזֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֵ֥ין כָּמ֖וֹהָ תְּנֶ֥נָּה לִּֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hakkōhēn* *ḥereb* *Golyāt* the *happlištî* whom-*hikkîtā* in *beʿēmeq* the *hāʾēlâ* behold-she *lûṭâ* in the *baśśimlâ* behind the *hāʾēpôd* if-her *tiqqaḥ*-for yourself *qāḥ* for there is not *ʾaḥeret* besides her in *bāzeh* and *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* there is nothing like her *tenennâ* to me", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular, absolute - the priest", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sword of", "*Golyāt*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Goliath", "*happlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Philistine", "*hikkîtā*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you struck/killed", "*beʿēmeq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*hāʾēlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the terebinth/Elah", "*lûṭâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - wrapped", "*baśśimlâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the garment/cloth", "*hāʾēpôd*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the ephod", "*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will take", "*qāḥ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - take", "*ʾaḥeret*": "adjective, feminine singular - another/other", "*bāzeh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - in this [place]", "*tenennâ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - give her/it" }, "variants": { "*lûṭâ*": "wrapped/covered/concealed", "*baśśimlâ*": "in the garment/in the cloth/in the cloak", "*hāʾēpôd*": "the ephod/the priestly garment", "*ʾaḥeret*": "another/other/different", "*tenennâ*": "give it/hand it over" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.11", "source": "וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּבְרַ֥ח בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיָּבֹ֕א אֶל־אָכִ֖ישׁ מֶ֥לֶךְ גַּֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* and *wayyibraḥ* in the *bayyôm*-the *hahûʾ* from face of *šāʾûl* and *wayyābōʾ* to *ʾākîš* *melek* *gat*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wayyibraḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he fled", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*ʾākîš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Achish", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*gat*": "proper noun - Gath" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqom*": "arose/got up/left", "*wayyibraḥ*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*mippnê*": "from the face of/away from/because of" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ עַבְדֵ֤י אָכִישׁ֙ אֵלָ֔יו הֲלוֹא־זֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאָ֑רֶץ הֲל֣וֹא לָזֶ֗ה יַעֲנ֤וּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד *ברבבתו **בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmerû* *ʿabdê* *ʾākîš* to him is not-this *Dāwid* *melek* the *hāʾāreṣ* did not to this they *yaʿănû* in the *bammeḥōlôt* *lēʾmōr* *hikkâ* *Šāʾûl* in his *baʾălāpāyw* and *Dāwid* in his *beribebōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmerû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾākîš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Achish", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land/country", "*yaʿănû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - they answered/sang", "*bammeḥōlôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - in the dances", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he struck/killed", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*baʾălāpāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his thousands", "*beribebōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his ten thousands" }, "variants": { "*melek hāʾāreṣ*": "king of the land/king of the country/their king", "*yaʿănû*": "answered/sang/chanted", "*bammeḥōlôt*": "in the dances/during the celebrations/with dancing", "*baʾălāpāyw*": "in his thousands/by thousands", "*beribebōtāyw*": "in his ten thousands/by tens of thousands" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.13", "source": "וַיָּ֧שֶׂם דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּלְבָב֑וֹ וַיִּרָ֣א מְאֹ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֖י אָכִ֥ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־גַּֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyāśem* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *haddeḇārîm* the *hāʾēlleh* in his *bileḇāḇô* and *wayyîrāʾ* exceedingly from face of *ʾākîš* *melek*-*gat*", "grammar": { "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed/put", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haddeḇārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural, absolute - the words/matters", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, common plural - these", "*bileḇāḇô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his heart", "*wayyîrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he feared", "*ʾākîš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Achish", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*gat*": "proper noun - Gath" }, "variants": { "*wayyāśem*": "put/placed/took note of/considered", "*haddeḇārîm*": "the words/the matters/the things/the statements", "*bileḇāḇô*": "in his heart/in his mind", "*wayyîrāʾ*": "feared/was afraid/was terrified" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.14", "source": "וַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל בְּיָדָ֑ם *ויתו **וַיְתָיו֙ עַל־דַּלְת֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיּֽ‪[m]‬וֹרֶד רִיר֖וֹ אֶל־זְקָנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayšannô* *ʾet*-his *ṭaʿmô* in their *beʿênêhem* and *wayyitehōlēl* in their *beyādām* and *wayetāw* on-*daltôt* the *haššaʿar* and *wayyôred* his *rîrô* to-his *zeqānô*", "grammar": { "*wayšannô*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he changed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṭaʿmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his behavior/sense/reason", "*beʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their eyes", "*wayyitehōlēl*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he acted insane", "*beyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their hand/power", "*wayetāw*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made marks", "*daltôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of", "*haššaʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gate", "*wayyôred*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he let down/caused to run down", "*rîrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his saliva/spittle", "*zeqānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard" }, "variants": { "*ṭaʿmô*": "his behavior/his sense/his reason/his sanity", "*wayyitehōlēl*": "acted insane/pretended madness/feigned insanity", "*wayetāw*": "made marks/scribbled/scratched", "*daltôt*": "doors/gates", "*rîrô*": "his saliva/his spittle/his drool" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.21.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָכִ֖ישׁ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הִנֵּ֤ה תִרְאוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ לָ֛מָּה תָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾākîš* to-his *ʿăḇādāyw* behold you *tirʾû* *ʾîš* *mištaggēaʿ* why *tāḇîʾû* him to me", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾākîš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Achish", "*ʿăḇādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*tirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you see", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*mištaggēaʿ*": "hithpael participle, masculine singular - acting insane/madman", "*tāḇîʾû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you bring" }, "variants": { "*tirʾû*": "you see/look at/observe", "*mištaggēaʿ*": "madman/insane person/acting crazy", "*tāḇîʾû*": "bring/brought/have brought" } }
• 2 Sam 8:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵ‪[c]‬יכֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיַּכְנִיעֵ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־מֶ֥תֶג הָאַמָּ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* after *ken* and *wayyak* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*Pəlištîm* and *wayaknîʿēm* and *wayyiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*meteg* *hāʾammâ* from hand of *Pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened", "*ken*": "adverb - thus/so/afterwards", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wayaknîʿēm*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd plural suffix - and he subdued them", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *lāqaḥ* - and he took", "*meteg*": "noun, masculine singular construct - bridle/control", "*hāʾammâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the mother-city/metropolis", "*miyyad*": "preposition *min* + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of" }, "variants": { "*meteg hāʾammâ*": "bridle of the mother-city/capital city/metropolis/authority/cubit", "*wayyaknîʿēm*": "subdued them/humbled them/brought them into subjection" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.2", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב וַֽיְמַדְּדֵ֤ם בַּחֶ֙בֶל֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ב אוֹתָ֣ם אַ֔רְצָה וַיְמַדֵּ֤ד שְׁנֵֽי־חֲבָלִים֙ לְהָמִ֔ית וּמְלֹ֥א הַחֶ֖בֶל לְהַחֲי֑וֹת וַתְּהִ֤י מוֹאָב֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נֹשְׂאֵ֥י מִנְחָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyak* *ʾet*-*Môʾāb* and *wayəmaddədēm* with *ḥebel* the *haškēb* *ʾôtām* to ground and *wayəmaddēd* two-*ḥăbālîm* to *hāmît* and fullness of the *ḥebel* to *haḥăyôt* and *wattəhî* *Môʾāb* to *Dāwid* for *ʿăbādîm* *nōśəʾê* *minḥâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab", "*wayəmaddədēm*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he measured them", "*baḥebel*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the cord/rope/measuring line", "*haškēb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - causing to lie down", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional hê - to the ground", "*wayəmaddēd*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he measured", "*šənê*": "cardinal number, masculine construct - two", "*ḥăbālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cords/lines/portions", "*ləhāmît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to kill/put to death", "*məlōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*haḥebel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cord/line/portion", "*ləhaḥăyôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to let live/preserve alive", "*wattəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and became", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab", "*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to David", "*laʿăbādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for servants", "*nōśəʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - bearers of", "*minḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering/gift" }, "variants": { "*ḥebel*": "measuring cord/line/rope/territory/portion/lot", "*məlōʾ haḥebel*": "full measure/full length of the line/one complete portion", "*haškēb ʾôtām ʾarṣâ*": "making them lie down on the ground/arranging them on the ground", "*ləhāmît*": "to kill/to put to death", "*ləhaḥăyôt*": "to let live/to spare alive", "*nōśəʾê minḥâ*": "bearers of tribute/bringers of gifts/offering bearers" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.3", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה בְּלֶכְתּ֕וֹ לְהָשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ בִּֽנְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃", "text": "And *wayyak* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*Hădadʿezer* son-of-*Rəḥōb* king of *Ṣôbâ* in *belektô* to *hāšîb* his hand in *nəhar*-*Pərāt*.", "grammar": { "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Hădadʿezer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Rəḥōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Rehob", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ṣôbâ*": "proper noun - Zobah", "*belektô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his going/when he went", "*ləhāšîb*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to restore/to recover", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand/power/control", "*binhar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at/by the river", "*Pərāt*": "proper noun - Euphrates" }, "variants": { "*ləhāšîb yādô*": "to restore his control/to recover his power/to establish his dominion", "*yād*": "hand/power/control/monument/memorial" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.4", "source": "וַיִּלְכֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֜ד מִמֶּ֗נּוּ אֶ֤לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וַיְעַקֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיּוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מֵ֥אָה רָֽכֶב׃", "text": "And *wayyilkōd* *Dāwid* from him *ʾelef* and seven-hundred *pārāšîm* and twenty thousand *ʾîš* *raglî* and *wayəʿaqqēr* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-all-the *rekeb* and *wayyôtēr* from him hundred *rākeb*.", "grammar": { "*wayyilkōd*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *lākad* - and he captured", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him", "*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand", "*ušəbaʿ*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine singular construct - and seven", "*mēʾôt*": "cardinal number, feminine plural - hundreds", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen/cavalry", "*wəʿeśrîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine plural - and twenty", "*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - men", "*raglî*": "adjective, masculine singular - foot (soldiers)", "*wayəʿaqqēr*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hamstrung", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*hārekeb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chariot(s)", "*wayyôtēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *yātar* - and he left/reserved", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from them", "*mēʾâ*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - hundred", "*rākeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot" }, "variants": { "*rekeb*": "chariot(s)/chariotry/chariot corps", "*raglî*": "foot-soldier/infantry", "*wayəʿaqqēr*": "hamstrung/disabled/crippled/cut the hamstrings of", "*wayyôtēr*": "left over/spared/reserved" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.5", "source": "וַתָּבֹא֙ אֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק לַעְזֹ֕ר לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ בַּֽאֲרָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *wattābōʾ* *ʾĂram* *Dammeśeq* to *laʿzōr* to *Hădadʿezer* king of *Ṣôbâ* and *wayyak* *Dāwid* in *ʾĂrām* twenty-and-two thousand *ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*wattābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular of *bôʾ* - and she/it came", "*ʾĂram*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Aram/Syria", "*Dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*laʿzōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to help", "*laHădadʿezer*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Hadadezer", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ṣôbâ*": "proper noun - Zobah", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*baʾĂrām*": "preposition + proper noun - in Aram/against Arameans", "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number, masculine plural - twenty", "*ušənayim*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine dual - and two", "*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - men" }, "variants": { "*ʾĂram Dammeśeq*": "Aram of Damascus/Arameans of Damascus/Syrian Damascus", "*wayyak*": "struck down/defeated/killed" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.6", "source": "וַיָּ֨שֶׂם דָּוִ֤ד נְצִבִים֙ בַּאֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וַתְּהִ֤י אֲרָם֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נוֹשְׂאֵ֣י מִנְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤שַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyāśem* *Dāwid* *nəṣibîm* in *ʾĂram* *Dammeśeq* and *wattəhî* *ʾĂrām* to *Dāwid* for *ʿăbādîm* *nôśəʾê* *minḥâ* and *wayyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* in all that he *hālāk*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *śîm* - and he placed/set", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*nəṣibîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garrisons/officials", "*baʾĂram*": "preposition + proper noun - in Aram", "*Dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*wattəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular of *hāyâ* - and she/it became", "*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Aram/Syria", "*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to David", "*laʿăbādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for servants", "*nôśəʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - bearers of", "*minḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering", "*wayyôšaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *yāšaʿ* - and he saved/delivered", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*bəkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*hālāk*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went" }, "variants": { "*nəṣibîm*": "garrisons/officials/governors/prefects", "*wayyôšaʿ*": "saved/delivered/gave victory to", "*nôśəʾê minḥâ*": "bearers of tribute/bringers of gifts/offering bearers" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.7", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת שִׁלְטֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֔וּ אֶ֖ל עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾēt* *šilṭê* *hazzāhāb* that *hāyû* *ʾel* *ʿabdê* *Hădadʿāzer* and *wayəbîʾēm* *Yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *lāqaḥ* - and he took", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*šilṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - shields of", "*hazzāhāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/on/belonging to", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer", "*wayəbîʾēm*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he brought them" }, "variants": { "*šilṭê*": "shields/quivers/armor/weapons", "*hāyû ʾel*": "were on/belonged to/were with" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.8", "source": "וּמִבֶּ֥טַח וּמִבֵּֽרֹתַ֖י עָרֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר לָקַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד נְחֹ֖שֶׁת הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ ס", "text": "And from *Beṭaḥ* and from *Bērōtay* cities of *Hădadʿāzer* *lāqaḥ* the king *Dāwid* *nəḥōšet* *harbēh* *məʾōd*.", "grammar": { "*ûmibbeṭaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Betah", "*ûmibbērōtay*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Berothai", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer", "*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - took", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*harbēh*": "adverb - much/many/abundantly", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*harbēh məʾōd*": "very much/exceedingly great amount/in great abundance" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.9", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עִי מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־חֵ֥יל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Tōʿî* king of *Ḥămāt* that *hikkâ* *dāvid* *ʾēt* all-*ḥêl* *Hădadʿāzer*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *šāmaʿ* - and he heard", "*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - he had defeated", "*dāvid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - force/army", "*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer" }, "variants": { "*ḥêl*": "force/army/strength/wealth/power" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Tōʿî* *ʾet*-*Yôrām*-his son to-the king-*Dāwid* to *lišʾāl*-to him to *šālôm* and to *bārak* him on that *nilḥam* with *Hădadʿezer* and *wayyakkēhû* for-*ʾîš* *milḥămôt* *Tōʿî* *hāyâ* *Hădadʿāzer* and in his hand *hāyû* *kəlê*-*kesef* and *kəlê*-*zāhāb* and *kəlê* *nəḥōšet*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *šālaḥ* - and he sent", "*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yôrām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joram", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*lišʾāl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ask", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ləšālôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for peace/welfare", "*ûləbārăkô*": "conjunction + preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to bless him", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/concerning/because", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*nilḥam*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he fought", "*baHădadʿezer*": "preposition + proper noun - against Hadadezer", "*wayyakkēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he defeated him", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥămôt*": "noun, feminine plural - wars", "*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was", "*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer", "*ûbəyādô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and in his hand", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - vessels/articles of", "*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*ûkəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and vessels/articles of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ûkəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and vessels/articles of", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*lišʾāl lô ləšālôm*": "to inquire of his welfare/to greet him in peace/to ask after his well-being", "*ʾîš milḥămôt*": "man of wars/warrior/adversary in war", "*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/utensils/implements/weapons" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.11", "source": "גַּם־אֹתָ֕ם הִקְדִּ֛ישׁ הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד לַֽיהוָ֑ה עִם־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְהַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדִּ֔ישׁ מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כִּבֵּֽשׁ׃", "text": "Also-them *hiqdîš* the king *Dāwid* to *YHWH* with-the *kesef* and the *zāhāb* that he *hiqdîš* from all-the *gôyim* that he *kibbēš*.", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*hiqdîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he dedicated/consecrated", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*laYHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*hakkesef*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the silver", "*wəhazzāhāb*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*hiqdîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had dedicated/consecrated", "*mikkol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from all", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*kibbēš*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he subdued/conquered" }, "variants": { "*hiqdîš*": "dedicated/consecrated/sanctified/set apart", "*kibbēš*": "subdued/conquered/subjugated/brought into submission" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.12", "source": "מֵאֲרָ֤ם וּמִמּוֹאָב֙ וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמִשְּׁלַ֛ל הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ צוֹבָֽה׃", "text": "From *ʾĂrām* and from *Môʾāb* and from *bənê* *ʿAmmôn* and from *Pəlištîm* and from *ʿĂmālēq* and from *šəlal* *Hădadʿezer* son-of-*Rəḥōb* king of *Ṣôbâ*.", "grammar": { "*mēʾĂrām*": "preposition + proper noun - from Aram/Syria", "*ûmimMôʾāb*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Moab", "*ûmibbənê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and from sons of", "*ʿAmmôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ûmipPəlištîm*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun, masculine plural - and from Philistines", "*ûmēʿĂmālēq*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Amalek", "*ûmiššəlal*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from spoil of", "*Hădadʿezer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Rəḥōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Rehob", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ṣôbâ*": "proper noun - Zobah" }, "variants": { "*šəlal*": "spoil/plunder/booty" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.13", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַשׂ דָּוִד֙ שֵׁ֔ם בְּשֻׁב֕וֹ מֵהַכּוֹת֥וֹ אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaś* *Dāwid* *šēm* in *bəšubô* from *hakkôtô* *ʾet*-*ʾĂrām* in *gêʾ*-*melaḥ* eighteen *ʾālef*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *ʿāśâ* - and he made", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name/reputation", "*bəšubô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his returning/when he returned", "*mēhakkôtô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his defeating", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*bəgêʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*melaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - salt", "*šəmônâ ʿāśār*": "cardinal number, masculine - eighteen", "*ʾālef*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿaś šēm*": "made a name/gained renown/established reputation", "*gêʾ-melaḥ*": "Valley of Salt" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.14", "source": "וַיָּ֨שֶׂם בֶּאֱד֜וֹם נְצִבִ֗ים בְּכָל־אֱדוֹם֙ שָׂ֣ם נְצִבִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י כָל־אֱד֖וֹם עֲבָדִ֣ים לְדָוִ֑ד וַיּ֤וֹשַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyāśem* in *ʾĔdôm* *nəṣibîm* in all-*ʾĔdôm* *śām* *nəṣibîm* and *wayəhî* all-*ʾĔdôm* *ʿăbādîm* to *Dāwid* and *wayyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* in all that he *hālāk*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *śîm* - and he placed/set", "*beʾĔdôm*": "preposition + proper noun - in Edom", "*nəṣibîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garrisons/officials", "*bəkol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all", "*ʾĔdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*śām*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set", "*nəṣibîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garrisons/officials", "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and became", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*ʾĔdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants", "*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for David", "*wayyôšaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *yāšaʿ* - and he saved/delivered", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*bəkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*hālāk*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went" }, "variants": { "*nəṣibîm*": "garrisons/officials/governors/prefects", "*wayyôšaʿ*": "saved/delivered/gave victory to", "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves/subjects" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.15", "source": "וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִ֖ד עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י דָוִ֗ד עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְכָל־עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyimlōk* *Dāwid* over-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayəhî* *dāvid* *ʿōśeh* *mišpāṭ* and *ṣədāqâ* to all-his *ʿam*.", "grammar": { "*wayyimlōk*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *mālak* - and he reigned", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he was", "*dāvid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - doing/executing", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*ûṣədāqâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and righteousness", "*ləkol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to all", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision/ordinance", "*ṣədāqâ*": "righteousness/justice/rightness" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.16", "source": "וְיוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֖ה עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד מַזְכִּֽיר׃", "text": "And *Yôʾāb* son-of-*Ṣərûyâ* over-the *ṣābāʾ* and *Yəhôšāpāṭ* son-of-*ʾĂḥîlûd* *mazkîr*.", "grammar": { "*wəYôʾāb*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Joab", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*haṣṣābāʾ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the army", "*wîhôšāpāṭ*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Jehoshaphat", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾĂḥîlûd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahilud", "*mazkîr*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - recorder/chronicler" }, "variants": { "*ṣābāʾ*": "army/host/warfare", "*mazkîr*": "recorder/remembrancer/chronicler/secretary of state" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.17", "source": "וְצָד֧וֹק בֶּן־אֲחִיט֛וּב וַאֲחִימֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִ֑ים וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה סוֹפֵֽר׃", "text": "And *Ṣādôq* son-of-*ʾĂḥîṭûb* and *ʾĂḥîmelek* son-of-*ʾEbyātār* *kōhănîm* and *Śərāyâ* *sôpēr*.", "grammar": { "*wəṢādôq*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Zadok", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾĂḥîṭûb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahitub", "*waʾĂḥîmelek*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Ahimelech", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾEbyātār*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abiathar", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*ûśərāyâ*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Seraiah", "*sôpēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - scribe/secretary" }, "variants": { "*kōhănîm*": "priests/chief ministers", "*sôpēr*": "scribe/secretary/writer" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.8.18", "source": "וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וּבְנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד כֹּהֲנִ֥ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ", "text": "And *Bənāyāhû* son-of-*Yəhôyādāʿ* and the *Kərētî* and the *Pəlētî* and *bənê* *dāvid* *kōhănîm* *hāyû*.", "grammar": { "*ûBənāyāhû*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Benaiah", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yəhôyādāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jehoiada", "*wəhaKKərētî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Cherethites", "*wəhaPPəlētî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun - and the Pelethites", "*ûbənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*dāvid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests/chief ministers", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were" }, "variants": { "*haKKərētî wəhaPPəlētî*": "Cherethites and Pelethites/royal bodyguard/executioners and couriers", "*kōhănîm*": "priests/chief ministers/principal officers/royal advisers" } }
• 1 Chr 7:21 : 21 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.7.21", "source": "וְזָבָ֥ד בְּנ֛וֹ וְשׁוּתֶ֥לַח בְּנ֖וֹ וְעֵ֣זֶר וְאֶלְעָ֑ד וַהֲרָג֗וּם אַנְשֵׁי־גַת֙ הַנּוֹלָדִ֣ים בָּאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י יָרְד֔וּ לָקַ֖חַת אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *Zābād* his *bənô* [son], and *Šûtelaḥ* his *bənô* [son], and *ʿĒzer* and *ʾElʿād*; and *waharāgûm* [killed them] *ʾanšê-Gat* [men of Gath] *hannôlādîm* [the ones born] in the *bāʾāreṣ* [land], for they *yārədû* [went down] to *lāqaḥat* [take] *ʾet-miqnêhem* [their cattle].", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*Zābād*": "proper name, masculine", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*Šûtelaḥ*": "proper name, masculine", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿĒzer*": "proper name, masculine", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾElʿād*": "proper name, masculine", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*harāgûm*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they killed them", "*ʾanšê*": "construct state, masculine plural - men of", "*Gat*": "proper name, feminine (city name)", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*nôlādîm*": "verb, Niphal participle masculine plural - the ones born", "*bā-*": "preposition - in", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land, earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*yārədû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they went down", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*miqnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cattle" }, "variants": { "*bənô*": "his son, his descendant", "*waharāgûm*": "they killed them, they slew them", "*ʾanšê-Gat*": "men of Gath, people of Gath", "*hannôlādîm*": "the ones born, the natives", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "in the land, in the country, in the territory", "*yārədû*": "they went down, they descended", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take, to seize, to capture", "*miqnêhem*": "their cattle, their livestock, their property" } }
• Joel 3:4-9 : 4 { "verseID": "Joel.3.4", "source": "וְ֠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ צֹ֣ר וְצִיד֔וֹן וְכֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת הַגְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔י וְאִם־גֹּמְלִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ עָלַ֔י קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם", "text": "And-*gam* what-you to-me *ṣōr* and-*ṣîḏôn* and-all *gəlîlôṯ* *pəlāšeṯ* the-*gəmûl* you *məšalləmîm* upon-me and-if-*gōməlîm* you upon-me *qal* *məhērāh* *ʾāšîḇ* *gəmulḵem* upon-*rōʾšḵem*", "grammar": { "*wəḡam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also/moreover", "*māh-ʾattem*": "interrogative + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - what are you", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*wəṣîḏôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Sidon", "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun construct - and all", "*gəlîlôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - regions/districts of", "*pəlāšeṯ*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*hagəmûl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the recompense", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*məšalləmîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - repaying/rendering", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - upon/against me", "*wəʾim-gōməlîm*": "conjunction + conditional particle + qal participle masculine plural - and if dealing/repaying", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - upon/against me", "*qal*": "adjective - swift", "*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will return", "*gəmulḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your recompense", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon your head" }, "variants": { "*gam*": "also/moreover/even", "*gəlîlôṯ*": "regions/districts/territories", "*gəmûl*": "recompense/dealing/retribution", "*məšalləmîm*": "repaying/rendering/returning", "*gōməlîm*": "dealing/repaying/retributing", "*qal məhērāh*": "swift(ly) quickly/very soon", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "return/bring back/repay", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "upon your head/on yourselves" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joel.3.5", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־כַּסְפִּ֥י וּזְהָבִ֖י לְקַחְתֶּ֑ם וּמַֽחֲמַדַּי֙ הַטֹּבִ֔ים הֲבֵאתֶ֖ם לְהֵיכְלֵיכֶֽם", "text": "Which-*kaspî* and-*zəhāḇî* *ləqaḥtem* and-*maḥămadday* the-*ṭôḇîm* *hăḇēʾṯem* to-*hêḵəlêḵem*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*kaspî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my silver", "*ûzəhāḇî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my gold", "*ləqaḥtem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you took", "*ûmaḥămadday*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my precious things", "*haṭṭôḇîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the good/fine", "*hăḇēʾṯem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you brought", "*ləhêḵəlêḵem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to your temples/palaces" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*zāhāḇ*": "gold", "*ləqaḥtem*": "took/carried away", "*maḥămaddîm*": "precious things/desirable objects/treasures", "*ṭôḇîm*": "good/fine/pleasant", "*hêḵāl*": "temple/palace/sanctuary" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.3.6", "source": "וּבְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם מְכַרְתֶּ֖ם לִבְנֵ֣י הַיְּוָנִ֑ים לְמַ֥עַן הַרְחִיקָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל גְּבוּלָֽם", "text": "And-*bənê* *yəhûḏāh* and-*bənê* *yərûšālaim* *məḵartem* to-*bənê* the-*yəwānîm* in-order *harḥîqām* from-*ʿal* *gəḇûlām*", "grammar": { "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and the sons/children of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and the sons/children of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*məḵartem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you sold", "*liḇnê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to the sons/children of", "*hayəwānîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Greeks/Ionians", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*harḥîqām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to remove them far", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*gəḇûlām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their border/territory" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*məḵartem*": "sold/traded", "*yəwānîm*": "Greeks/Ionians/Javan's descendants", "*harḥîqām*": "remove far/distance/separate", "*gəḇûl*": "border/territory/boundary" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joel.3.7", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י מְעִירָ֔ם מִן־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑מָּה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם", "text": "*Hinənî* *məʿîrām* from-the-*māqôm* which-*məḵartem* them *šāmmāh* and-*hăšiḇōṯî* *gəmulḵem* on-*rōʾšḵem*", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*məʿîrām*": "hiphil participle masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - arousing/stirring them", "*min-hammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*məḵartem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you sold", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb + directional he - there/thither", "*wahăšiḇōṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will return", "*gəmulḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your recompense", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - on your head" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am/look, I", "*məʿîrām*": "arousing/stirring/awakening them", "*māqôm*": "place/location", "*məḵartem*": "sold/traded", "*hăšiḇōṯî*": "return/bring back/repay", "*gəmul*": "recompense/dealing/retribution", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "on your head/on yourselves" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joel.3.8", "source": "וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְכָר֥וּם לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם אֶל־גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר", "text": "And-*māḵartî* *ʾeṯ*-*bənêḵem* and-*ʾeṯ*-*bənôṯêḵem* in-*yaḏ* *bənê* *yəhûḏāh* and-*məḵārûm* to-*šəḇāʾîm* to-*gôy* *rāḥôq* for *YHWH* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*ûmāḵartî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will sell", "*ʾeṯ-bənêḵem*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*wəʾeṯ-bənôṯêḵem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your daughters", "*bəyaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - into the hand of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûməḵārûm*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they will sell them", "*lišəḇāʾîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - to the Sabeans", "*ʾel-gôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to a nation", "*rāḥôq*": "adjective masculine singular - distant/far", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*māḵartî*": "sell/trade", "*bənêḵem*": "your sons/your children", "*bənôṯêḵem*": "your daughters", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/control", "*məḵārûm*": "sell them/trade them", "*šəḇāʾîm*": "Sabeans/people of Sheba", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*rāḥôq*": "distant/far/remote", "*dibbēr*": "spoken/declared/said" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joel.3.9", "source": "קִרְאוּ־זֹאת֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הָעִ֙ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים יִגְּשׁ֣וּ יַֽעֲל֔וּ כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה", "text": "*Qirʾû*-this in-the-*gôyim* *qaddəšû* *milḥāmāh* *hāʿîrû* the-*gibbôrîm* *yiggəšû* *yaʿălû* all *ʾanšê* the-*milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qirʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - proclaim/call out", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative feminine singular - this", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*qaddəšû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - sanctify/prepare", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*hāʿîrû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - arouse/stir up", "*haggibbôrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mighty men/warriors", "*yiggəšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them approach", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them go up", "*kōl*": "noun construct - all of", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the war/battle" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû*": "proclaim/call out/announce", "*qaddəšû*": "sanctify/prepare/consecrate", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/conflict", "*hāʿîrû*": "arouse/stir up/awaken", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yiggəšû*": "approach/draw near/come close", "*yaʿălû*": "go up/ascend/advance", "*ʾanšê hammilḥāmāh*": "men of war/soldiers/warriors" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.3.10", "source": "כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי", "text": "*Kōttû* *ʾittêḵem* to-*ḥărāḇôṯ* and-*mazməroṯêḵem* to-*rəmāḥîm* the-*ḥallāš* *yōʾmar* *gibbôr* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*kōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - beat/hammer", "*ʾittêḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your plowshares", "*laḥărāḇôṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - into swords", "*ûmazməroṯêḵem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your pruning hooks", "*lirəmāḥîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - into spears", "*haḥallāš*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the weak", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - let him say", "*gibbôr*": "adjective masculine singular - mighty", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*kōttû*": "beat/hammer/forge", "*ʾittêḵem*": "your plowshares/your plow blades", "*ḥărāḇôṯ*": "swords/knives", "*mazməroṯêḵem*": "your pruning hooks/your pruning knives", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*ḥallāš*": "weak/feeble", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.3.11", "source": "ע֣וּשׁוּ וָבֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּה הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ", "text": "*ʿûšû* and-*bōʾû* all-the-*gôyim* from-*sāḇîḇ* and-*niqbāṣû* *šāmmāh* *hanḥaṯ* *YHWH* *gibbôrêḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿûšû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - hasten/make haste", "*wāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and come", "*ḵāl-haggôyim*": "construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from around/from every side", "*wəniqbāṣû*": "conjunction + niphal imperative masculine plural - and be gathered", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb + directional he - there/thither", "*hanḥaṯ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*gibbôrêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mighty ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿûšû*": "hasten/hurry/make haste", "*bōʾû*": "come/enter/arrive", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*missāḇîḇ*": "from around/from all sides/surrounding", "*niqbāṣû*": "be gathered/assemble/come together", "*hanḥaṯ*": "bring down/lead down", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joel.3.12", "source": "יֵע֙וֹרוּ֙ וְיַעֲל֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם אֵשֵׁ֛ב לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב", "text": "*Yēʿôrû* and-*yaʿălû* the-*gôyim* to-*ʿēmeq* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* for there *ʾēšēḇ* to-*šəpōṭ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*gôyim* from-*sāḇîḇ*", "grammar": { "*yēʿôrû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them be aroused", "*wəyaʿălû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and let them come up", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*ʾel-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to the valley of", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will sit", "*lišpōṭ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ʾeṯ-kāl-haggôyim*": "direct object marker + construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from around/from every side" }, "variants": { "*yēʿôrû*": "be aroused/be stirred up/be awakened", "*yaʿălû*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*ʿēmeq yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "Valley of Jehoshaphat/Valley of YHWH's judgment", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*šəpōṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate", "*missāḇîḇ*": "from around/from all sides/surrounding" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joel.3.13", "source": "שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת הֵשִׁ֙יקוּ֙ הַיְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽם", "text": "*Šilḥû* *maggāl* for *bāšal* *qāṣîr* *bōʾû* *rəḏû* for-*mālʾāh* *gaṯ* *hēšîqû* the-*yəqāḇîm* for *rabbāh* *rāʿāṯām*", "grammar": { "*šilḥû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - send in/put in", "*maggāl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sickle", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bāšal*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is ripe", "*qāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - harvest", "*bōʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - come", "*rəḏû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - tread/go down", "*kî-mālʾāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - for it is full", "*gaṯ*": "feminine singular noun - winepress", "*hēšîqû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - overflow", "*hayəqāḇîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the wine vats", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rabbāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great/abundant", "*rāʿāṯām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their wickedness" }, "variants": { "*šilḥû*": "send in/put in/thrust in", "*maggāl*": "sickle/reaping hook", "*bāšal*": "is ripe/is mature/is ready", "*qāṣîr*": "harvest/reaping", "*rəḏû*": "tread/go down/descend", "*mālʾāh*": "is full/is filled", "*gaṯ*": "winepress/wine vat", "*hēšîqû*": "overflow/run over", "*yəqāḇîm*": "wine vats/wine troughs", "*rabbāh*": "great/abundant/much", "*rāʿāh*": "wickedness/evil/calamity" } } 14 { "verseID": "Joel.3.14", "source": "הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶֽחָר֑וּץ כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶחָרֽוּץ", "text": "*Hămônîm* *hămônîm* in-*ʿēmeq* the-*ḥārûṣ* for *qārôḇ* *yôm* *YHWH* in-*ʿēmeq* the-*ḥārûṣ*", "grammar": { "*hămônîm*": "masculine plural noun (repeated) - multitudes/crowds", "*bəʿēmeq*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the valley of", "*heḥārûṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the decision/threshing", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective masculine singular - near", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*bəʿēmeq*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the valley of", "*heḥārûṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the decision/threshing" }, "variants": { "*hămônîm*": "multitudes/crowds/throngs", "*ʿēmeq*": "valley/vale", "*ḥārûṣ*": "decision/threshing/judgment/determination", "*qārôḇ*": "near/at hand/imminent", "*yôm YHWH*": "day of the LORD/day of YHWH" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joel.3.15", "source": "שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֖חַ קָדָ֑רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם", "text": "*Šemeš* and-*yārēaḥ* *qāḏārû* and-*kôḵāḇîm* *ʾāsəp̄û* *nāḡəhām*", "grammar": { "*šemeš*": "masculine/feminine singular noun - sun", "*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and moon", "*qāḏārû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - darken/grow dark", "*wəḵôḵāḇîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and stars", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāḡəhām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*qāḏārû*": "grow dark/be darkened/be black", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "withdraw/gather in/collect", "*nāḡəhām*": "their brightness/their shining/their light" } } 16 { "verseID": "Joel.3.16", "source": "וַיהוָ֞ה מִצִּ‪[c]‬יּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔וֹ וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְעַמּ֔וֹ וּמָע֖וֹז לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And-*YHWH* from-*ṣiyyôn* *yišʾāḡ* and-from-*yərûšālaim* *yittēn* *qôlô* and-*rāʿăšû* *šāmayim* and-*ʾāreṣ* and-*YHWH* *maḥăseh* to-*ʿammô* and-*māʿôz* to-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*waYHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and the LORD", "*miṣṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - from Zion", "*yišʾāḡ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will roar", "*ûmîrûšālaim*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Jerusalem", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will give/utter", "*qôlô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*wərāʿăšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and will quake", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*wāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and earth", "*waYHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and the LORD", "*maḥăseh*": "masculine singular noun - refuge", "*ləʿammô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his people", "*ûmāʿôz*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and stronghold", "*liḇnê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - for the children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yišʾāḡ*": "roar/thunder", "*yittēn qôlô*": "utter his voice/speak aloud", "*rāʿăšû*": "quake/shake/tremble", "*maḥăseh*": "refuge/shelter/protection", "*māʿôz*": "stronghold/fortress/strength" } } 17 { "verseID": "Joel.3.17", "source": "וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם שֹׁכֵ֖ן בְּצִיּ֣וֹן הַר־קָדְשִׁ֑י וְהָיְתָ֤ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ קֹ֔דֶשׁ וְזָרִ֥ים לֹא־יַֽעַבְרוּ־בָ֖הּ עֽוֹד", "text": "And-*wîḏaʿtem* that *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* *šōḵēn* in-*ṣiyyôn* *har*-*qāḏšî* and-*hāyəṯāh* *yərûšālaim* *qōḏeš* and-*zārîm* not-*yaʿaḇərû*-in-her *ʿôḏ*", "grammar": { "*wîḏaʿtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will know", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*šōḵēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - dwelling", "*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*har-qāḏšî*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my holy mountain", "*wəhāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and will be", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*qōḏeš*": "masculine singular noun - holy/holiness", "*wəzārîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural adjective - and strangers", "*lōʾ-yaʿaḇərû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - will not pass through", "*ḇāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - again/anymore" }, "variants": { "*yāḏaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*šōḵēn*": "dwelling/inhabiting/residing", "*har-qāḏšî*": "my holy mountain/my holy hill", "*qōḏeš*": "holy/holiness/sacred", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*yaʿaḇərû*": "pass through/cross over/traverse", "*ʿôḏ*": "again/anymore/still" } } 18 { "verseID": "Joel.3.18", "source": "וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים", "text": "And-*hāyāh* in-the-*yôm* the-that *yiṭṭəp̄û* the-*hārîm* *ʿāsîs* and-the-*gəḇāʿôṯ* *tēlaḵnāh* *ḥālāḇ* and-all-*ʾăp̄îqê* *yəhûḏāh* *yēləḵû* *māyim* and-*maʿyān* from-*bêṯ* *YHWH* *yēṣē* and-*hišqāh* *ʾeṯ*-*naḥal* the-*šiṭṭîm*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "*yiṭṭəp̄û*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - will drip", "*hehārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mountains", "*ʿāsîs*": "masculine singular noun - sweet wine/new wine", "*wəhaggəḇāʿôṯ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the hills", "*tēlaḵnāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - will flow", "*ḥālāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - milk", "*wəḵāl-ʾăp̄îqê*": "conjunction + construct + masculine plural construct - and all the channels of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - will flow with", "*māyim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*ûmaʿyān*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a fountain", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yēṣē*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will go out/flow", "*wəhišqāh*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and will water", "*ʾeṯ-naḥal*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the valley/wadi of", "*haššiṭṭîm*": "definite article + proper noun - the Shittim/Acacias" }, "variants": { "*yiṭṭəp̄û*": "drip/drop/distill", "*ʿāsîs*": "sweet wine/new wine/fresh juice", "*tēlaḵnāh*": "flow/go/run", "*ḥālāḇ*": "milk", "*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels/streams/wadis", "*yēləḵû*": "flow/go/run", "*maʿyān*": "fountain/spring/source", "*yēṣē*": "go out/flow/come forth", "*hišqāh*": "water/irrigate", "*naḥal haššiṭṭîm*": "Valley of Shittim/Valley of Acacias" } } 19 { "verseID": "Joel.3.19", "source": "מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם", "text": "*Miṣrayim* to-*šəmāmāh* *ṯihyeh* and-*ʾĕḏôm* to-*miḏbar* *šəmāmāh* *tihyeh* from-*ḥămas* *bənê* *yəhûḏāh* which-*šāp̄əḵû* *dām*-*nāqî* in-*ʾarṣām*", "grammar": { "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lišəmāmāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to a desolation", "*ṯihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be", "*weʾĕḏôm*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Edom", "*ləmiḏbar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to a wilderness of", "*šəmāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - desolation", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be", "*mēḥămas*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - because of the violence of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*šāp̄əḵû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they shed", "*dām-nāqî*": "masculine singular noun + adjective masculine singular - innocent blood", "*bəʾarṣām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their land" }, "variants": { "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*miḏbar šəmāmāh*": "desolate wilderness/desert wasteland", "*ḥămas*": "violence/wrong", "*šāp̄əḵû*": "shed/poured out", "*dām-nāqî*": "innocent blood/blood of the innocent" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joel.3.20", "source": "וִיהוּדָ֖ה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם לְד֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר", "text": "And-*yəhûḏāh* to-*ʿôlām* *tēšēḇ* and-*yərûšālaim* to-*dôr* and-*dôr*", "grammar": { "*wîhûḏāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*ləʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever", "*tēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be inhabited", "*wîrûšālaim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Jerusalem", "*ləḏôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for generation", "*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*tēšēḇ*": "be inhabited/be settled/dwell", "*ləḏôr wāḏôr*": "for generation and generation/for all generations" } } 21 { "verseID": "Joel.3.21", "source": "וְנִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי וַֽיהוָ֖ה שֹׁכֵ֥ן בְּצִיּֽוֹן", "text": "And-*niqqêṯî* *dāmām* not-*niqqêṯî* and-*YHWH* *šōḵēn* in-*ṣiyyôn*", "grammar": { "*wəniqqêṯî*": "conjunction + piel perfect 1st person singular - and I will avenge/clear", "*dāmām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*lōʾ-niqqêṯî*": "negative particle + piel perfect 1st person singular - I had not avenged/cleared", "*waYHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and the LORD", "*šōḵēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - dwelling", "*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion" }, "variants": { "*niqqêṯî*": "avenge/clear/hold innocent", "*dāmām*": "their blood/their bloodshed", "*šōḵēn*": "dwelling/inhabiting/residing" } }
• Amos 1:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Amos.1.6", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י עַזָּ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־הַגְלוֹתָ֛ם גָּל֥וּת שְׁלֵמָ֖ה לְהַסְגִּ֥יר לֶאֱדֽוֹם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* for-*šəlōšāh* *pišʿê* *ʿazzāh* and-for-*ʾarbāʿāh* not *ʾăšîbenû* for-*haglôtām* *gālût* *šəlēmāh* to-*hasgîr* to-*ʾĕdôm*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of", "*ʿazzāh*": "proper name - Gaza", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it", "*haglôtām*": "infinitive construct, hiphil with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deporting", "*gālût*": "feminine singular construct - exile/captivity", "*šəlēmāh*": "feminine singular adjective - complete/entire", "*hasgîr*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to deliver/hand over", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper name - Edom" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment", "*haglôtām*": "their exiling/deporting/taking captive", "*gālût* *šəlēmāh*": "entire population/whole community/complete exile", "*hasgîr*": "to deliver up/hand over/surrender" } } 7 { "verseID": "Amos.1.7", "source": "וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת עַזָּ֑ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And-*šillaḥtî* *ʾēš* in-*ḥômat* *ʿazzāh* and-*ʾāklāh* *ʾarmənôtêhā*", "grammar": { "*šillaḥtî*": "perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will send", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ḥômat*": "construct state, feminine singular - wall of", "*ʿazzāh*": "proper name - Gaza", "*ʾāklāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it will consume", "*ʾarmənôtêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/judgment", "*ḥômat*": "wall/fortification", "*ʾāklāh*": "it will consume/devour", "*ʾarmənôtêhā*": "her palaces/fortresses/citadels" } } 8 { "verseID": "Amos.1.8", "source": "וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י יוֹשֵׁב֙ מֵֽאַשְׁדּ֔וֹד וְתוֹמֵ֥ךְ שֵׁ֖בֶט מֵֽאַשְׁקְל֑וֹן וַהֲשִׁיב֨וֹתִי יָדִ֜י עַל־עֶקְר֗וֹן וְאָֽבְדוּ֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "And-*hikrattî* *yôšēb* from-*ʾašdôd* and-*tômēk* *šēbeṭ* from-*ʾašqəlôn* and-*hăšîbôtî* *yādî* against-*ʿeqrôn* and-*ʾābdû* *šəʾērît* *pəlištîm* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hikrattî*": "perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will cut off", "*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*ʾašdôd*": "proper name - Ashdod", "*tômēk*": "participle, masculine singular construct - holder of", "*šēbeṭ*": "masculine singular noun - scepter/rod/tribe", "*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper name - Ashkelon", "*hăšîbôtî*": "perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will turn", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper name - Ekron", "*ʾābdû*": "perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will perish", "*šəʾērît*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper name, plural - Philistines", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "proper name with 1st plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*tômēk*": "holder/wielder/one who holds", "*šēbeṭ*": "scepter/staff/rod/tribe", "*hăšîbôtî* *yādî*": "I will turn my hand against/direct my power against", "*ʾābdû*": "they will perish/be destroyed/disappear", "*šəʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/survivors" } }
• Zeph 2:4-7 : 4 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.4", "source": "כִּ֤י עַזָּה֙ עֲזוּבָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה אַשְׁדּ֗וֹד בַּֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּהָ וְעֶקְר֖וֹן תֵּעָקֵֽר׃", "text": "For *ʿazzâ ʿăzûḇâ tihyeh* and-*ʾašqəlôn lišəmāmâ ʾašdôd baṣṣŏhŏrayim yəḡārəšûhā* and-*ʿeqrôn tēʿāqēr*", "grammar": { "*ʿazzâ*": "proper noun - Gaza", "*ʿăzûḇâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - forsaken/abandoned", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*lišəmāmâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/waste", "*ʾašdôd*": "proper noun - Ashdod", "*baṣṣŏhŏrayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine dual with definite article - at noon/midday", "*yəḡārəšûhā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - they will drive her out", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*tēʿāqēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be uprooted" }, "variants": { "*ʿăzûḇâ*": "forsaken/abandoned/desolate", "*lišəmāmâ*": "for desolation/for waste/for horror", "*yəḡārəšûhā*": "drive out/expel/cast out", "*tēʿāqēr*": "be uprooted/be rooted out/be plucked up" } } 5 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.5", "source": "ה֗וֹי יֹֽשְׁבֵ֛י חֶ֥בֶל הַיָּ֖ם גּ֣וֹי כְּרֵתִ֑ים דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם כְּנַ֙עַן֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךְ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*hôy yōšəḇê ḥeḇel hayyām gôy kərētîm dəḇar-YHWH* upon-you *kənaʿan ʾereṣ pəlištîm wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ mēʾên yôšēḇ*", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region/district/territory", "*hayyām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*kərētîm*": "proper noun - Cherethites", "*dəḇar-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + divine name - word of YHWH", "*kənaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive - and I will destroy you", "*mēʾên*": "preposition + particle of negation - from there being no", "*yôšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*ḥeḇel*": "region/district/territory/coast", "*kərētîm*": "Cherethites/Cretans/destroyers", "*wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ*": "and I will destroy you/and I will cause you to perish", "*mēʾên yôšēḇ*": "without inhabitant/so that none remains" } } 6 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.6", "source": "וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה חֶ֣בֶל הַיָּ֗ם נְוֺ֛ת כְּרֹ֥ת רֹעִ֖ים וְגִדְר֥וֹת צֹֽאן׃", "text": "And-*hāyəthâ ḥeḇel hayyām nəwōth kərōth rōʿîm wəḡidrôth ṣōʾn*", "grammar": { "*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and will be", "*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region/district of", "*hayyām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea", "*nəwōth*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*kərōth*": "noun, feminine plural construct - excavations of/diggings of", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*wəḡidrôth*": "noun, feminine plural construct with waw conjunction - and folds of", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, both gender collective - flock/sheep" }, "variants": { "*ḥeḇel hayyām*": "seacoast/region of the sea", "*nəwōth*": "pastures/dwellings/habitations", "*kərōth*": "diggings/excavations/caves", "*ḡidrôth*": "folds/enclosures/pens" } } 7 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.7", "source": "וְהָ֣יָה חֶ֗בֶל לִשְׁאֵרִ֛ית בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יִרְע֑וּן בְּבָתֵּ֣י אַשְׁקְל֗וֹן בָּעֶ֙רֶב֙ יִרְבָּצ֔וּן כִּ֧י יִפְקְדֵ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וְשָׁ֥ב שְׁבִיתָֽם׃", "text": "And-*hāyâ ḥeḇel lišəʾērîth bêth yəhûdâ ʿălêhem yirʿûn bəḇāttê ʾašqəlôn bāʿereḇ yirbāṣûn kî yip̄qədēm YHWH ʾĕlōhêhem wəšāḇ šəḇîthām*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and will be", "*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - region/district", "*lišəʾērîth*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for the remnant of", "*bêth*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*yirʿûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they will feed/they will pasture", "*bəḇāttê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in houses of", "*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon", "*bāʿereḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the evening", "*yirbāṣûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they will lie down", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*yip̄qədēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will visit them", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wəšāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will return", "*šəḇîthām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their captivity" }, "variants": { "*lišəʾērîth*": "for the remnant/for those remaining", "*yirʿûn*": "they will feed/they will pasture/they will shepherd", "*yirbāṣûn*": "they will lie down/they will rest", "*yip̄qədēm*": "he will visit them/he will attend to them/he will care for them", "*šəḇîthām*": "their captivity/their fortunes/their restoration" } }
• Zech 9:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.5", "source": "תֵּרֶ֨א אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וְתִירָ֗א וְעַזָּה֙ וְתָחִ֣יל מְאֹ֔ד וְעֶקְר֖וֹן כִּֽי־הֹבִ֣ישׁ מֶבָּטָ֑הּ וְאָ֤בַד מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֵֽעַזָּ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לֹ֥א תֵשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*tēreʾ* *ʾašqəlôn* *wə*-*ṯîrāʾ* *wə*-*ʿazzāh* *wə*-*ṯāḥîl* very *wə*-*ʿeqrôn* for-*hôḇîš* *mebbāṭāh* *wə*-*ʾāḇaḏ* *meleḵ* from-*ʿazzāh* *wə*-*ʾašqəlôn* not *ṯēšēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*tēreʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will see", "*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun, place name - Ashkelon", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯîrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will fear", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿazzāh*": "proper noun, place name - Gaza", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯāḥîl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will writhe/tremble", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun, place name - Ekron", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hôḇîš*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been put to shame", "*mebbāṭāh*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her expectation/hope", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is perished/destroyed", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular - king", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʿazzāh*": "proper noun, place name - Gaza", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun, place name - Ashkelon", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯēšēḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be inhabited/will remain" }, "variants": { "*tēreʾ*": "will see/will perceive/will witness", "*ṯîrāʾ*": "will fear/will be afraid", "*ṯāḥîl*": "will writhe/will tremble/will be in anguish", "*hôḇîš*": "has been put to shame/has been disappointed/has been confounded", "*mebbāṭāh*": "her expectation/her hope/her confidence/that in which she trusted", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "is perished/is destroyed/has ceased to exist", "*ṯēšēḇ*": "will be inhabited/will remain/will dwell" } } 6 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.6", "source": "וְיָשַׁ֥ב מַמְזֵ֖ר בְּאַשְׁדּ֑וֹד וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י גְּא֥וֹן פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yāšaḇ* *mamzēr* in-*ʾašdôḏ* *wə*-*hiḵrattî* *gəʾôn* *pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšaḇ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will dwell/settle", "*mamzēr*": "noun, masculine, singular - foreigner/mixed race/illegitimate one", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾašdôḏ*": "proper noun, place name - Ashdod", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hiḵrattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will cut off", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*mamzēr*": "foreigner/mixed race/illegitimate one/mongrel people/bastard", "*yāšaḇ*": "will dwell/will settle/will sit/will remain", "*hiḵrattî*": "I will cut off/I will destroy/I will eliminate", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty/excellence" } } 7 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.7", "source": "וַהֲסִרֹתִ֨י דָמָ֜יו מִפִּ֗יו וְשִׁקֻּצָיו֙ מִבֵּ֣ין שִׁנָּ֔יו וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר גַּם־ה֖וּא לֵֽאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְהָיָה֙ כְּאַלֻּ֣ף בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְעֶקְר֖וֹן כִּיבוּסִֽי׃", "text": "*wa*-*hăsirōṯî* *dāmāyw* from-*pîw* *wə*-*šiqqûṣāyw* from-between *šinnāyw* *wə*-*nišʾar* also-he to-*ʾelōhênû* *wə*-*hāyāh* like-*ʾallûp̄* in-*yəhûḏāh* *wə*-*ʿeqrôn* like-*yəḇûsî*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*hăsirōṯî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will remove", "*dāmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his blood/bloods", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šiqqûṣāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his abominations/detestable things", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*šinnāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his teeth", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nišʾar*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will remain/be left", "*gam*": "adverb - also/too", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*lē*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʾelōhênû*": "noun, masculine, plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*kə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾallûp̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - chief/clan leader", "*bi*": "preposition - in", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun, place name - Ekron", "*ki*": "preposition - like/as", "*yəḇûsî*": "proper noun, gentilic singular - Jebusite" }, "variants": { "*hăsirōṯî*": "I will remove/I will take away", "*dāmāyw*": "his blood/his bloodshed/his bloody food", "*šiqqûṣāyw*": "his abominations/his detestable things/his idolatrous food", "*nišʾar*": "will remain/will be left/will be spared", "*ʾallûp̄*": "chief/clan leader/friend/companion", "*yəḇûsî*": "Jebusite/like one of the original inhabitants of Jerusalem" } } 8 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.8", "source": "וְחָנִ֨יתִי לְבֵיתִ֤י מִצָּבָה֙ מֵעֹבֵ֣ר וּמִשָּׁ֔ב וְלֹֽא־יַעֲבֹ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם ע֖וֹד נֹגֵ֑שׂ כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְעֵינָֽי׃ ס", "text": "*wə*-*ḥānîṯî* to-*bêṯî* *miṣṣāḇāh* from-*ʿōḇēr* *û*-from-*šāḇ* *wə*-not-*yaʿăḇōr* upon-them again *nōḡēś* for now *rāʾîṯî* with-*ʿênāy*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥānîṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will encamp/pitch camp", "*lə*": "preposition - for/to", "*bêṯî*": "noun, masculine, singular + 1st person singular suffix - my house", "*miṣṣāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - as a guard/garrison", "*mē*": "preposition - from/against", "*ʿōḇēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - one passing through", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*šāḇ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - one returning", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaʿăḇōr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will pass over", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - again/anymore", "*nōḡēś*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - oppressor/taskmaster", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*rāʾîṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have seen", "*bə*": "preposition - with", "*ʿênāy*": "noun, feminine, dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes" }, "variants": { "*ḥānîṯî*": "I will encamp/I will pitch camp/I will protect", "*miṣṣāḇāh*": "as a guard/as a garrison/as a defense", "*ʿōḇēr*": "one passing through/one coming against/invader", "*šāḇ*": "one returning/one coming back", "*nōḡēś*": "oppressor/taskmaster/tyrant", "*rāʾîṯî*": "I have seen/I have watched/I have observed" } }