Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.50.1", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣י זֶ֠ה סֵ֣פֶר כְּרִית֤וּת אִמְּכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁלַּחְתִּ֔יהָ א֚וֹ מִ֣י מִנּוֹשַׁ֔י אֲשֶׁר־מָכַ֥רְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם ל֑וֹ הֵ֤ן בַּעֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֔ם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖ם שֻׁלְּחָ֥ה אִמְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, Where [is] this *sēper* *kərîtût* [of] *ʾimməkem* which *šillaḥtîhā* or who from *nôšay* to whom *māḵartî* *ʾeṯḵem* to him? *hēn* in *ʿăwōnōṯêḵem* *nimkarttem* and in *pišʿêḵem* *šulləḥâ* *ʾimməḵem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - document/scroll/book", "*kərîtût*": "noun, feminine singular - divorce/cutting off", "*ʾimməkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person plural suffix - your mother", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "perfect, 1st singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I sent her away", "*nôšay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my creditors", "*māḵartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I sold", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold/indeed", "*ʿăwōnōṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your iniquities", "*nimkarttem*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you were sold", "*pišʿêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*šulləḥâ*": "pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was sent away", "*ʾimməḵem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your mother" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*sēper*": "document/scroll/certificate/book", "*kərîtût*": "divorce/cutting off/separation", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/I divorced her", "*nôšay*": "my creditors/my lenders", "*māḵartî*": "I sold/I handed over", "*hēn*": "behold/look/indeed", "*ʿăwōnōṯêḵem*": "your iniquities/your sins/your wrongdoings", "*nimkarttem*": "you were sold/you have been sold", "*pišʿêḵem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your offenses", "*šulləḥâ*": "she was sent away/she was dismissed/she was divorced" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er dokumentet om skilsmisse til deres mor, som jeg har sendt bort? Hvem har jeg solgt dere til blant mine kreditorer? Se, på grunn av deres synder ble dere solgt, og på grunn av deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til deres mor som jeg har sendt bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, for deres synder har dere solgt dere selv, og for deres overtredelser er deres mor sendt bort.

• Norsk King James

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet for din mor, som jeg har sendt bort? Hvem av mine kreditorer er det som jeg har solgt dere til? Se, for deres misgjerninger har dere solgt dere selv, og for deres overtredelser er moren deres sendt bort.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til deres mor, som jeg sendte henne bort med? Eller hvem av mine långivere solgte jeg dere til? Se, dere ble solgt på grunn av deres synder, og deres mor ble sendt bort på grunn av deres overtredelser.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til din mor, som jeg sendte bort, eller hvem er min kreditor som jeg har solgt dere til? Se, dere ble solgt på grunn av deres misgjerninger, og deres mor ble sendt bort på grunn av deres overtredelser.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til din mor, som jeg har sendt bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, for deres synder har dere solgt dere selv, og for deres overtredelser er deres mor sendt bort.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Slik sier Herren: Hvor er beviset på din mors skilsmisse, den hun ble forkastet med, som jeg slet henne bort? Eller til hvilken av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt deg? Se, av deres overtredelser har dere solgt dere selv, og på grunn av deres synder har din mor blitt forkastet.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til din mor, som jeg har sendt bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, for deres synder har dere solgt dere selv, og for deres overtredelser er deres mor sendt bort.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet på din mor, som jeg sendte bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, for deres misgjerninger ble dere solgt, og på grunn av deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This is what the LORD says: Where is the certificate of divorce for your mother, whom I sent away? Or to which of my creditors did I sell you? Behold, because of your sins, you were sold, and because of your transgressions, your mother was sent away.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er det skilsmissebrevet til deres mor, som jeg sendte bort, eller hvem av mine långivere er det som jeg har solgt dere til? Se, på grunn av deres ugjerninger ble dere solgt, og på grunn av deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  (Saa) sagde Herren: Hvor er eders Moders Skilsmissebrev, med hvilket jeg forskjød hende? eller hvo er den af mine Aagerkarle, til hvem jeg solgte eder? see, I ere solgte for eders Misgjerninger, og eders Moder er førskudt for eders Overtrædelser.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD, Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til din mor, som jeg har sendt bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, på grunn av deres synd har dere solgt dere selv, og deres mor er sendt bort for deres overtredelser.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Thus says the LORD, Where is the certificate of your mother's divorce, whom I have put away? Or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities you have sold yourselves, and for your transgressions your mother is put away.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the LORD, Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til din mor, som viser at jeg har sendt henne bort? Eller hvem av mine kreditører har jeg solgt dere til? Se, det var for deres synder at dere ble solgt, og for deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til deres mor, som jeg sendte bort? Eller til hvilken av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere? Se, for deres synder ble dere solgt, og for deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Så sier Herren: Hvor er skilsmissebrevet til deres mor, som jeg sendte henne bort med? Eller hvem av mine kreditorer har jeg solgt dere til? Se, på grunn av deres misgjerninger ble dere solgt, og på grunn av deres overtredelser ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Dette er Herrens ord: Hvor er dokumentet jeg ga din mor da jeg sendte henne bort? Til hvilken av mine kreditorer ga jeg deg som betaling? Det var på grunn av deres synder at dere ble gitt i andres hender, og for deres ondskap ble deres mor sendt bort.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus saieth the LORDE: Where is the bill of yor mothers deuorcemet, that I sent vnto her? or who is the vsurer, to who I solde you? Beholde, for youre owne offeces are ye solde: & because of youre transgression, is youre mother forsake.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayeth the Lorde, Where is that bill of your mothers diuorcement, whome I haue cast off? or who is the creditour to whome I solde you? Beholde, for your iniquities are yee solde, and because of your transgressions is your mother forsaken.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus saith the Lorde: Where is the byll of your mothers deuorcement whom I sent away? or who is the vsurer to whom I solde you? Beholde, for your offences are ye solde, and because of your transgression is your mother forsaken.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Thus saith the LORD, Where [is] the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors [is it] to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh, Where is the bill of your mother's divorce, with which I have put her away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities were you sold, and for your transgressions was your mother put away.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said Jehovah: `Where `is' this -- the bill of your mother's divorce, Whom I sent away? Or to which of My creditors have I sold you? Lo, for your iniquities ye have been sold, And for your transgressions Hath your mother been sent away.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah, Where is the bill of your mother's divorcement, wherewith I have put her away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities were ye sold, and for your transgressions was your mother put away.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  This is the word of the Lord: Where is the statement which I gave your mother when I put her away? or to which of my creditors have I given you for money? It was for your sins that you were given into the hands of others, and for your evil-doing was your mother put away.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh, "Where is the bill of your mother's divorce, with which I have put her away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities were you sold, and for your transgressions was your mother put away.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is what the LORD says:“Where is your mother’s divorce certificate by which I divorced her? Or to which of my creditors did I sell you? Look, you were sold because of your sins; because of your rebellious acts I divorced your mother.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 32:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.30", "source": "אֵיכָ֞ה יִרְדֹּ֤ף אֶחָד֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יָנִ֣יסוּ רְבָבָ֑ה אִם־לֹא֙ כִּי־צוּרָ֣ם מְכָרָ֔ם וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִסְגִּירָֽם׃", "text": "How *yirdōp̄* *ʾeḥāḏ* *ʾelep̄*, and-*šənayim* *yānîsû* *rəḇāḇāh*? If-not that-*ṣûrām* *məḵārām*, and-*YHWH* *hisgîrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yirdōp̄*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would chase/pursue", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one", "*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - thousand", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine, dual - two", "*yānîsû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would put to flight", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative - if not/unless", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*məḵārām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sold them", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hisgîrām*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - delivered them up" }, "variants": { "*yirdōp̄*": "would chase/pursue/hunt", "*ʾelep̄*": "thousand/clan", "*yānîsû*": "would put to flight/chase away/cause to flee", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "ten thousand/myriad/multitude", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/stronghold/refuge", "*məḵārām*": "sold them/handed them over/delivered them", "*hisgîrām*": "delivered them up/surrendered them/handed them over" } }
• Jer 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.8", "source": "וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃", "text": "*wāʾēreʾ* that for-all-*ʾōdôt* which *niʾăp̄â* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*, *šillaḥtîhā* *wāʾettēn* *ʾet*-*sēp̄er* *kᵉrîtutehā* to-her; and-not *yārᵉʾâ* *bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh*, *wattēleḵ* *wattizen* also-she.", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I saw'", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'causes/reasons'", "*niʾăp̄â*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she committed adultery'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'I sent her away'", "*wāʾettēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I gave'", "*sēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'document/scroll'", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her divorce'", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she feared/was afraid'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*wattēleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she went'", "*wattizen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "and I saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōdôt*": "causes/reasons/occasions", "*niʾăp̄â*": "she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/dismissed her/divorced her", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/provided/handed over", "*sēp̄er*": "document/scroll/certificate", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "her divorce/separation/cutting off", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "she feared/was afraid/was in awe", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/proceeded", "*wattizen*": "and she played the harlot/prostituted herself" } }
• Matt 18:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Matthew.18.25", "source": "Μὴ ἔχοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποδοῦναι, ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ πραθῆναι, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ τέκνα, καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ ἀποδοθῆναι.", "text": "Not *echontos* but he *apodounai*, *ekeleusen* him the *kyrios* of him *prathēnai*, and the *gynaika* of him, and the *tekna*, and all as much as *eichen*, and *apodothēnai*.", "grammar": { "*echontos*": "participle, present, active, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*apodounai*": "verb, aorist, active, infinitive - to repay", "*ekeleusen*": "verb, aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - commanded", "*kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - lord/master", "*prathēnai*": "verb, aorist, passive, infinitive - to be sold", "*gynaika*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*tekna*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*eichen*": "verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - was having/possessing", "*apodothēnai*": "verb, aorist, passive, infinitive - to be repaid" }, "variants": { "*echontos*": "having/possessing/owning", "*apodounai*": "to repay/to pay back/to return", "*ekeleusen*": "commanded/ordered/directed", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*prathēnai*": "to be sold/to be auctioned", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*tekna*": "children/offspring", "*eichen*": "was having/possessing/owning", "*apodothēnai*": "to be repaid/to be paid back/to be returned" } }
• 2 Kgs 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Kings.4.1", "source": "וְאִשָּׁ֣ה אַחַ֣ת מִנְּשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַ֠נְּבִיאִים צָעֲקָ֨ה אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע לֵאמֹ֗ר עַבְדְּךָ֤ אִישִׁי֙ מֵ֔ת וְאַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֣י עַבְדְּךָ֔ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֖א אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַ֨נֹּשֶׁ֔ה בָּ֗א לָקַ֜חַת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֧י יְלָדַ֛י ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִֽים", "text": "And *ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat* from *nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm* *ṣāʿăqâ* to-*ʾĕlîšāʿ* *lēʾmōr*, *ʿabdəkā* *ʾîšî* *mēt*, and you *yādaʿtâ* that *ʿabdəkā* *hāyâ* *yārēʾ* *ʾet*-*YHWH*; and *hannōšê* *bāʾ* to-*lāqaḥat* *ʾet*-two *yəlāday* to-him to-*ʿăbādîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ʾaḥat*": "adjective, feminine, singular - one", "*nəšê*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct state - wives of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct state - sons of", "*hannəbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - cried out", "*ʾĕlîšāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Elisha", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾîšî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my husband", "*mēt*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - died/is dead", "*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you knew/know", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was/has been", "*yārēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - fearing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, the divine name", "*hannōšê*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the creditor", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came/has come", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to take", "*yəlāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my children", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves" }, "variants": { "*ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat*": "one woman/a certain woman", "*nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm*": "wives of the sons of the prophets/wives from the prophetic community", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "cried out/called out in distress", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hannōšê*": "the creditor/the one who lends", "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves" } }
• Neh 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּבְשַׂ֤ר אַחֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּשָׂרֵ֔נוּ כִּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם בָּנֵ֑ינוּ וְהִנֵּ֣ה אֲנַ֣חְנוּ כֹ֠בְשִׁים אֶת־בָּנֵ֨ינוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֜ינוּ לַעֲבָדִ֗ים וְיֵ֨שׁ מִבְּנֹתֵ֤ינוּ נִכְבָּשׁוֹת֙ וְאֵ֣ין לְאֵ֣ל יָדֵ֔נוּ וּשְׂדֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ לַאֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wĕʿattâ* like *kiḇśar* *ʾaḥênû* [is] *bĕśārēnû*, like *kiḇnêhem* [are] *bānênû*; and *wĕhinnēh* *ʾănaḥnû* *ḵōḇĕšîm* *ʾet*-*bānênû* and *wĕʾet*-*bĕnōtênû* to *laʿăḇādîm*, and *wĕyēš* from *mibbĕnōtênû* *niḵbāšôt* and *wĕʾên* to *lĕʾēl* *yādēnû*, and *ûśĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû* belong to *laʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*kiḇśar*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine singular - like the flesh of", "*ʾaḥênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our brothers", "*bĕśārēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our flesh", "*kiḇnêhem*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - like their children", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our children", "*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - forcing/subjecting", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our sons", "*bĕnōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our daughters", "*laʿăḇādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - as slaves", "*wĕyēš*": "conjunction + existential particle - and there are", "*mibbĕnōtênû*": "preposition + noun with 1st plural suffix - from our daughters", "*niḵbāšôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - are being forced/subdued", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + existential particle (negative) - and there is not", "*lĕʾēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the power of", "*yādēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our hand", "*ûśĕdōtênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards", "*laʾăḥērîm*": "preposition + adjective, masculine plural - to/for others" }, "variants": { "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "forcing/subjecting/bringing into bondage", "*niḵbāšôt*": "being forced/brought into bondage/subjugated", "*lĕʾēl*": "to the power of/within the ability of" } }
• Isa 52:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.52.3", "source": "כִּֽי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה חִנָּ֖ם נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֑ם וְלֹ֥א בְכֶ֖סֶף תִּגָּאֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "*kî-kōh* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ḥinnām* *nimkarttem* *wəlōʾ* *bəkesep* *tiggāʾēlû*", "grammar": { "*kî-kōh*": "conjunction + adverb - for thus", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - for nothing/without cause", "*nimkarttem*": "verb, niphal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you were sold", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*bəkesep*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for money/silver", "*tiggāʾēlû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be redeemed" }, "variants": { "*ḥinnām*": "for nothing/without payment/without cause", "*nimkarttem*": "you were sold/you were handed over", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*tiggāʾēlû*": "you will be redeemed/ransomed/freed" } }
• Deut 24:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.1", "source": "כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֛ישׁ אִשָּׁ֖ה וּבְעָלָ֑הּ וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־לֹ֧א תִמְצָא־חֵ֣ן בְּעֵינָ֗יו כִּי־מָ֤צָא בָהּ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "When *yiqqaḥ* *ʾîš* *ʾiššâ* and *bəʿālāh*, and *hāyâ* if not *timṣāʾ*-*ḥēn* in *ʿênāyw*, because *māṣāʾ* in her *ʿerwat dābār*, and *kātab* to her *sēper kərîtut* and *nātan* in her hand, and *šilləḥāh* from his house.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - takes/marries", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/husband", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife", "*bəʿālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - possesses/marries her", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it happens/becomes", "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she finds/obtains", "*ḥēn*": "masculine singular noun - favor/grace", "*ʿênāyw*": "common plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*māṣāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he found", "*ʿerwat dābār*": "construct phrase - nakedness/indecency of thing/matter", "*kātab*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he writes", "*sēper kərîtut*": "construct phrase - document of cutting off/divorce", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gives", "*šilləḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he sends her away" }, "variants": { "*bəʿālāh*": "marries her/becomes her master/possesses her", "*ʿerwat dābār*": "indecent matter/shameful thing/nakedness of something", "*sēper kərîtut*": "document of cutting off/certificate of divorce/bill of separation", "*šilləḥāh*": "sends her away/dismisses her/divorces her" } } 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.2", "source": "וְיָצְאָ֖ה מִבֵּית֑וֹ וְהָלְכָ֖ה וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵֽר׃", "text": "And *yāṣəʾâ* from his house and *hālkâ* and *hāyətâ* to *ʾîš*-*ʾaḥēr*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yāṣəʾâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she goes out/exits", "*hālkâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she goes/walks", "*hāyətâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she becomes", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/husband", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective masculine singular - other/another" }, "variants": { "*hāyətâ* to *ʾîš*-*ʾaḥēr*": "becomes another man's wife/belongs to another man" } } 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.3", "source": "וּשְׂנֵאָהּ֮ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲרוֹן֒ וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּית֑וֹ א֣וֹ כִ֤י יָמוּת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־לְקָחָ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *śənēʾāh* *hāʾîš* *hāʾaḥărôn* and *kātab* to her *sēper kərîtut* and *nātan* in her hand and *šilləḥāh* from his house, or when *yāmût* *hāʾîš* *hāʾaḥărôn* who *ləqāḥāh* to him to *ʾiššâ*.", "grammar": { "*śənēʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he hates her", "*hāʾîš*": "definite masculine singular noun - the man", "*hāʾaḥărôn*": "definite adjective masculine singular - the latter/last/next", "*kātab*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he writes", "*sēper kərîtut*": "construct phrase - document of cutting off/divorce", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gives", "*šilləḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he sends her away", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he dies", "*ləqāḥāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he took her" }, "variants": { "*śənēʾāh*": "hates her/rejects her/dislikes her", "*hāʾaḥărôn*": "the latter/the second/the next", "*šilləḥāh*": "sends her away/dismisses her/divorces her" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.4", "source": "לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן אֲשֶֽׁר־שִׁ֠לְּחָהּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְי֧וֹת ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃", "text": "Not *yûkal* *baʿlāh* *hārīʾšôn* who *šilləḥāh* to return *ləqaḥtāh* to *lihyôt* to him to *ʾiššâ* after which she *huṭṭammāʾâ*, for *tôʿēbâ* *hîʾ* before *YHWH*, and not *taḥăṭîʾ* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to you *naḥălâ*.", "grammar": { "*yûkal*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he is able/may", "*baʿlāh*": "masculine singular noun with suffix - her husband/master", "*hārīʾšôn*": "definite adjective masculine singular - the first/former", "*šilləḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he sent her away", "*lāšûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return", "*ləqaḥtāh*": "qal infinitive construct with suffix - to take her", "*lihyôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*huṭṭammāʾâ*": "hothpaal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she was defiled", "*tôʿēbâ*": "feminine singular noun - abomination/detestable thing", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it", "*taḥăṭîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you cause to sin", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite feminine singular noun - the land", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*naḥălâ*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance/possession" }, "variants": { "*baʿlāh*": "her husband/her master/her owner", "*huṭṭammāʾâ*": "she was defiled/she was made unclean/she was polluted", "*tôʿēbâ*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrence" } }
• Exod 21:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.7", "source": "וְכִי־יִמְכֹּר אִישׁ אֶת־בִּתּוֹ לְאָמָה לֹא תֵצֵא כְּצֵאת הָעֲבָדִים", "text": "*wə-kî-yimkōr* *ʾîsh* *ʾet-bittô* *lə-ʾāmāh* *lōʾ* *tēṣēʾ* *kə-ṣēʾt* the *ʿabādîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if/when", "*yimkōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sells", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾet-bittô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his daughter", "*lə-ʾāmāh*": "preposition *lə* + feminine singular noun - as a female servant/maidservant", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she shall go out", "*kə-ṣēʾt*": "preposition *kə* + qal infinitive construct - as the going out of", "*ʿabādîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the male servants" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmāh*": "female servant/maidservant/female slave", "*tēṣēʾ*": "she shall go out/depart/be released", "*kə-ṣēʾt ha-ʿabādîm*": "as the male servants go out/according to the release of male servants" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:25 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.25", "source": "רַ֚ק לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה כְאַחְאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְמַכֵּ֔ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵסַ֥תָּה אֹת֖וֹ אִיזֶ֥בֶל אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Surely not-*hāyâ* like-*ʾaḥʾāb* who *hitmakēr* to-do the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*, whom-*hēsattâ* him *ʾîzebel* *ʾištô*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - there was", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*hitmakēr*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hithpael - he sold himself", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine, Hiphil - she incited", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife" }, "variants": { "*hitmakēr*": "sold himself/devoted himself", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "incited/enticed/urged" } }
• Esth 7:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Esther.7.4", "source": "כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֙רְנוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמִּ֔י לְהַשְׁמִ֖יד לַהֲר֣וֹג וּלְאַבֵּ֑ד וְ֠אִלּוּ לַעֲבָדִ֨ים וְלִשְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֙רְנוּ֙ הֶחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַצָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּנֵ֥זֶק הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "For *nimkarnû* I and my *ʿammî* to *lᵊhašmîd* to *lahărôg* and to *lᵊʾabbēd*; and *wᵊʾillû* to *laʿăḇādîm* and to *lišpāḥôt* *nimkarnû* I would have *heḥĕraštî*, for *ʾên* the *ṣār* *šôweh* in *bᵊnēzeq* the *melek*.", "grammar": { "*nimkarnû*": "niphal perfect 1st common plural - we have been sold", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my people", "*lᵊhašmîd*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy/exterminate", "*lahărôg*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to kill/slay", "*lᵊʾabbēd*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to annihilate/destroy", "*wᵊʾillû*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but if", "*laʿăḇādîm*": "preposition + noun masculine plural - to slaves/servants", "*lišpāḥôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - to female slaves/servants", "*heḥĕraštî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I would have kept silent", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the adversary/enemy", "*šôweh*": "qal participle masculine singular - equaling/compensating", "*bᵊnēzeq*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in damage to", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*lᵊhašmîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/annihilate", "*lahărôg*": "to kill/slay/murder", "*lᵊʾabbēd*": "to destroy/annihilate/cause to perish", "*wᵊʾillû*": "but if/yet if/even if", "*ṣār*": "enemy/adversary/oppressor", "*šôweh*": "equal to/worth/compensating for", "*bᵊnēzeq*": "in damage/loss/injury to" } }
• Ps 44:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.44.12", "source": "תִּ֭תְּנֵנוּ כְּצֹ֣אן מַאֲכָ֑ל וּ֝בַגּוֹיִ֗ם זֵרִיתָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*tittĕnēnû* like *kĕṣōʾn* *maʾăkāl* and in *ûbaggôyim* *zērîtānû*", "grammar": { "*tittĕnēnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you give us", "*kĕṣōʾn*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like sheep of", "*maʾăkāl*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*ûbaggôyim*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - and among the nations", "*zērîtānû*": "verb, piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you have scattered us" }, "variants": { "*tittĕnēnû*": "give/hand over/deliver", "*kĕṣōʾn*": "like sheep/like a flock", "*maʾăkāl*": "food/consumption/something to be eaten", "*zērîtānû*": "scattered/dispersed/winnowed" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:17 : 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } }
• Isa 59:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.1", "source": "הֵ֛ן לֹֽא־קָצְרָ֥ה יַד־יְהוָ֖ה מֵֽהוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְלֹא־כָבְדָ֥ה אָזְנ֖וֹ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃", "text": "*Hēn* not *qāṣərāh* *yad-YHWH* from *hôšîaʿ* and-not *kābədāh* *ʾāzənô* from *šəmôaʿ*", "grammar": { "*Hēn*": "interjection - behold/look/see", "*qāṣərāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - become short/shortened", "*yad-YHWH*": "construct form, hand/arm of YHWH (divine name)", "*hôšîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to save/deliver", "*kābədāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - be/become heavy/dull", "*ʾāzənô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd singular masculine suffix - his ear", "*šəmôaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to hear" }, "variants": { "*Hēn*": "behold/indeed/look", "*qāṣərāh*": "shortened/become too short/inadequate", "*yad-YHWH*": "hand of YHWH/power of YHWH/agency of YHWH", "*hôšîaʿ*": "to save/deliver/help/rescue", "*kābədāh*": "heavy/dull/unresponsive", "*šəmôaʿ*": "to hear/listen/pay attention to" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.2", "source": "כִּ֤י אִם־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ הָי֣וּ מַבְדִּלִ֔ים בֵּינֵכֶ֕ם לְבֵ֖ין אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם וְחַטֹּֽאותֵיכֶ֗ם הִסְתִּ֧ירוּ פָנִ֛ים מִכֶּ֖ם מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃", "text": "*Kî* if *ʿăwōnōtêkem* *hāyû* *mabdilîm* between-you to-between *ʾĕlōhêkem* and-*ḥaṭṭōʾwtêkem* *histîrû* *pānîm* from-you from-*šəmôaʿ*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd plural suffix - your iniquities", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - were/have been", "*mabdilîm*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine plural - separating/causing division", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd plural suffix - your God", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd plural suffix - your sins", "*histîrû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - have hidden/concealed", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face/presence", "*šəmôaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to hear" }, "variants": { "*Kî*": "because/for/indeed", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "your iniquities/perversities/guilt", "*mabdilîm*": "making separation/dividing/causing division", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God (plural form with singular meaning)", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwtêkem*": "your sins/failings/misdeeds", "*histîrû*": "hidden/concealed/covered", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/person" } }
• Jer 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.1", "source": "לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃", "text": "*lēʾmōr* *hēn* *yᵉšallaḥ* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* *wᵉhālᵉḵâ* from-him *wᵉhāyᵉtâ* to-*ʾîš*-another, *hᵃyāšûḇ* to-her again? *hᵃlôʾ* *ḥānôp̄* *teḥĕnap̄* the-*ʾereṣ* that? And-you *zānît* *rēʿîm* many, yet-*šôḇ* to-me *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to say/saying'", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - 'behold/if'", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'sends away/dismisses'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/husband'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his wife'", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she goes/went'", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she becomes/became'", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "interrogative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will he return?'", "*hᵃlôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'will not?'", "*ḥānôp̄*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'utterly polluted'", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'be polluted'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'land/earth'", "*zānît*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you have played the harlot'", "*rēʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'companions/lovers'", "*šôḇ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'return'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state, utterance/declaration", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hēn*": "behold/look/if", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "sends away/divorces/dismisses", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/each one", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "and she goes/departs/leaves", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "and she becomes/belongs to", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "will he return/take her back", "*ḥānôp̄*": "greatly polluted/utterly defiled", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "be polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*zānît*": "played the harlot/been promiscuous/been unfaithful", "*rēʿîm*": "companions/friends/lovers", "*šôḇ*": "return/come back", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
• Mark 10:4-9 : 4 { "verseID": "Mark.10.4", "source": "Οἱ δὲ εἶπον, Μωσῆς ἐπέτρεψεν βιβλίον ἀποστασίου γράψαι, καὶ ἀπολῦσαι.", "text": "And they *eipon*, *Mōsēs* *epetrepsen* *biblion* *apostasiou* *grapsai*, and *apolysai*.", "grammar": { "*eipon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they said", "*Mōsēs*": "nominative masculine singular - Moses [proper name]", "*epetrepsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - permitted/allowed", "*biblion*": "accusative neuter singular - scroll/document/certificate", "*apostasiou*": "genitive neuter singular - of divorce/separation", "*grapsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to write", "*apolysai*": "aorist active infinitive - to divorce/send away" }, "variants": { "*eipon*": "said/spoke/answered", "*epetrepsen*": "permitted/allowed/gave permission", "*biblion*": "scroll/document/certificate/written record", "*apostasiou*": "of divorce/of separation/of dismissal", "*grapsai*": "to write/to record", "*apolysai*": "to divorce/to dismiss/to send away/to release" } } 5 { "verseID": "Mark.10.5", "source": "Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν τὴν ἐντολὴν ταύτην.", "text": "And *apokritheis* the *Iēsous* *eipen* to them, *Pros* the *sklērokardian* of you he *egrapsen* to you the *entolēn* this.", "grammar": { "*apokritheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative masculine singular - having answered", "*Iēsous*": "nominative masculine singular - Jesus [proper name]", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said/spoke", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - toward/because of", "*sklērokardian*": "accusative feminine singular - hardness of heart", "*egrapsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - wrote", "*entolēn*": "accusative feminine singular - commandment/precept" }, "variants": { "*apokritheis*": "having answered/responding", "*eipen*": "said/spoke/declared", "*pros*": "because of/due to/in view of", "*sklērokardian*": "hardness of heart/stubbornness", "*egrapsen*": "wrote/inscribed/recorded", "*entolēn*": "commandment/precept/instruction" } } 6 { "verseID": "Mark.10.6", "source": "Ἀπὸ δὲ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεός.", "text": "But from *archēs* of *ktiseōs* *arsen* and *thēly* *epoiēsen* them the *Theos*.", "grammar": { "*archēs*": "genitive feminine singular - beginning/origin", "*ktiseōs*": "genitive feminine singular - of creation", "*arsen*": "accusative neuter singular - male", "*thēly*": "accusative neuter singular - female", "*epoiēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - made/created", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*archēs*": "beginning/origin/first", "*ktiseōs*": "creation/act of creating", "*arsen*": "male", "*thēly*": "female", "*epoiēsen*": "made/created/formed", "*Theos*": "God/deity" } } 7 { "verseID": "Mark.10.7", "source": "Ἕνεκεν τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ προσκολληθήσεται πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ·", "text": "*Heneken* of this shall *kataleipsei* *anthrōpos* the *patera* of him and the *mētera*, and shall *proskollēthēsetai* *pros* the *gynaika* of him;", "grammar": { "*Heneken*": "preposition + genitive - because of/for this reason", "*kataleipsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will leave", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative masculine singular - man/person/human", "*patera*": "accusative masculine singular - father", "*mētera*": "accusative feminine singular - mother", "*proskollēthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd singular - will be joined to/cleave to", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife/woman" }, "variants": { "*Heneken*": "because of/for this reason/on account of", "*kataleipsei*": "will leave/will depart from/will abandon", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human being", "*proskollēthēsetai*": "will be joined to/will cleave to/will be glued to", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman" } } 8 { "verseID": "Mark.10.8", "source": "Καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν: ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ.", "text": "And *esontai* the two into *sarka* one: so that no longer *eisin* two, but one *sarx*.", "grammar": { "*esontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - they will be", "*sarka*": "accusative feminine singular - flesh", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are", "*sarx*": "nominative feminine singular - flesh" }, "variants": { "*esontai*": "will be/shall be", "*sarka*": "flesh/body/physical nature", "*eisin*": "they are/they exist", "*sarx*": "flesh/body/physical nature" } } 9 { "verseID": "Mark.10.9", "source": "Ὃ οὖν ὁ Θεὸς συνέζευξεν, ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω.", "text": "What therefore the *Theos* *synezeuxen*, *anthrōpos* *mē* *chōrizetō*.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*synezeuxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - joined together/yoked together", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative masculine singular - man/person/human", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*chōrizetō*": "present active imperative, 3rd singular - let [him] separate/divide" }, "variants": { "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*synezeuxen*": "joined together/yoked together/united", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human being", "*chōrizetō*": "let separate/let divide/let part" } } 10 { "verseID": "Mark.10.10", "source": "Καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτόν.", "text": "And in the *oikia* again the *mathētai* of him *peri* the same *epērōtēsan* him.", "grammar": { "*oikia*": "dative feminine singular - house/home", "*mathētai*": "nominative masculine plural - disciples", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*epērōtēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they asked/questioned" }, "variants": { "*oikia*": "house/home/dwelling", "*mathētai*": "disciples/students/followers", "*peri*": "concerning/about/regarding", "*epērōtēsan*": "asked/questioned/inquired of" } } 11 { "verseID": "Mark.10.11", "source": "Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ὃς ἐὰν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται ἐπʼ αὐτήν.", "text": "And he *legei* to them, Whoever *ean* *apolysē* the *gynaika* of him, and *gamēsē* another, *moichatai* *ep* her.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*apolysē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should divorce/send away", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - wife/woman", "*gamēsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should marry", "*moichatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular - commits adultery", "*ep*": "preposition + accusative - against" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*apolysē*": "should divorce/should send away/should dismiss", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*gamēsē*": "should marry/takes as wife", "*moichatai*": "commits adultery/is unfaithful", "*ep*": "against/toward/with respect to" } } 12 { "verseID": "Mark.10.12", "source": "Καὶ ἐὰν γυνὴ ἀπολύσῃ τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς, καὶ γαμηθῇ ἄλλῳ, μοιχᾶται.", "text": "And if *gynē* *apolysē* the *andra* of her, and *gamēthē* to another, she *moichatai*.", "grammar": { "*gynē*": "nominative feminine singular - woman/wife", "*apolysē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - should divorce/send away", "*andra*": "accusative masculine singular - husband/man", "*gamēthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - should be married", "*moichatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular - commits adultery" }, "variants": { "*gynē*": "woman/wife", "*apolysē*": "should divorce/should send away/should dismiss", "*andra*": "husband/man", "*gamēthē*": "should be married/be taken in marriage", "*moichatai*": "commits adultery/is unfaithful" } }
• Hos 2:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.2", "source": "‫וְ֠נִקְבְּצוּ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה וּבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְשָׂמ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם רֹ֥אשׁ אֶחָ֖ד וְעָל֣וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י גָד֖וֹל י֥וֹם יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃‬", "text": "And *wəniqbəṣû* *bənê*-*yəhûdāh* and *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yaḥdāw*, and *wəśāmû* for-them *rōʾš* *ʾeḥād*, and *wəʿālû* from-the-*ʾāreṣ*, for *gādôl* *yôm* *yizrəʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*wəniqbəṣû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will be gathered", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*wəśāmû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will set/put", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular - head/leader", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one", "*wəʿālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will go up", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day", "*yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*wəniqbəṣû*": "and they will be gathered/assembled/joined together", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/united/as one", "*wəśāmû*": "and they will set/appoint/establish", "*rōʾš*": "head/leader/chief", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single/united", "*wəʿālû*": "and they will go up/ascend/come up", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/country", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important", "*yôm*": "day/time/moment", "*yizrəʿeʾl*": "Jezreel (meaning 'God sows/plants')" } } 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.3", "source": "‫אִמְר֥וּ לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם עַמִּ֑י וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם רֻחָֽמָה׃‬", "text": "*ʾimrû* to-*ʾaḥêkem* *ʿammî* and to-*ʾaḥôtêkem* *ruḥāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - say", "*ʾaḥêkem*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your brothers", "*ʿammî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my people", "*ʾaḥôtêkem*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your sisters", "*ruḥāmāh*": "pual passive participle, feminine, singular - having obtained mercy" }, "variants": { "*ʾimrû*": "say/speak/call", "*ʾaḥêkem*": "your brothers/kinsmen/fellow countrymen", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*ʾaḥôtêkem*": "your sisters/female relatives", "*ruḥāmāh*": "having obtained mercy/compassion/pity (literally 'she who has been shown compassion')" } } 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.4", "source": "‫רִ֤יבוּ בְאִמְּכֶם֙ רִ֔יבוּ כִּֽי־הִיא֙ לֹ֣א אִשְׁתִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֣א אִישָׁ֑הּ וְתָסֵ֤ר זְנוּנֶ֙יהָ֙ מִפָּנֶ֔יה וְנַאֲפוּפֶ֖יהָ מִבֵּ֥ין שָׁדֶֽיהָ׃‬", "text": "*rîbû* against-*ʾimmekem* *rîbû* for-*hîʾ* not *ʾištî* and *ʾānōkî* not *ʾîšāh*; and let-*tāsēr* *zənûnêhā* from-*pānêhā* and *naʾăpûpêhā* from-between *šādêhā*.", "grammar": { "*rîbû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - contend/plead", "*ʾimmekem*": "noun + preposition + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your mother", "*rîbû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - contend/plead", "*hîʾ*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd singular, feminine - she", "*ʾištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wife", "*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*ʾîšāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her husband", "*tāsēr*": "hiphil jussive, 3rd singular, feminine - let her remove", "*zənûnêhā*": "noun, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her harlotries", "*pānêhā*": "noun, plural, construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her face", "*naʾăpûpêhā*": "noun, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her adulteries", "*šādêhā*": "noun, dual + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her breasts" }, "variants": { "*rîbû*": "contend/plead/bring charges against", "*ʾimmekem*": "your mother (collective reference to the nation)", "*ʾištî*": "my wife/spouse", "*ʾîšāh*": "her husband/spouse", "*tāsēr*": "let her remove/put away/turn aside", "*zənûnêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/sexual immoralities", "*pānêhā*": "her face/presence/appearance", "*naʾăpûpêhā*": "her adulteries/acts of unfaithfulness", "*šādêhā*": "her breasts (symbolic of intimacy)" } }
• Jer 4:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.18", "source": "דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ עָשׂ֥וֹ אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ זֹ֤את רָעָתֵךְ֙ כִּ֣י מָ֔ר כִּ֥י נָגַ֖ע עַד־לִבֵּֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "Your *darəkēḵ* and your *maʿălālayiḵ* *ʿāśû* *ʾēlleh* to you; *zōʾt* your *rāʿātēḵ* for *mār*, for *nāgaʿ* to your *libbēḵ*", "grammar": { "*darəkēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your deeds", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done/made", "*ʾēlleh*": "common plural demonstrative pronoun - these things", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter", "*nāgaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has reached/touched", "*libbēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your heart" }, "variants": { "*darəkēḵ*": "your way/path/conduct", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʿāśû*": "done/made/caused", "*ʾēlleh*": "these things/these", "*zōʾt*": "this/this is", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*nāgaʿ*": "reached/touched/struck", "*libbēḵ*": "your heart/mind/inner self" } }