Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.9.14", "source": "זָקֵ֥ן וּנְשׂוּא־פָנִ֖ים ה֣וּא הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְנָבִ֥יא מֽוֹרֶה־שֶּׁ֖קֶר ה֥וּא הַזָּנָֽב׃", "text": "*Zāqēn* and *nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm* he the *rōʾš* and *nāḇîʾ* *môreh*-*šeqer* he the *zānāḇ*.", "grammar": { "*Zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - elder/old", "*nəśûʾ*": "participle, Qal, passive, masculine, singular, construct - honored of/exalted of", "*p̄ānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - face", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the head", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - prophet", "*môreh*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular, construct - teacher of", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - falsehood", "*zānāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the tail" }, "variants": { "*Zāqēn*": "elder/old person/aged man", "*nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm*": "honored of face/dignitary/person of rank", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*môreh*": "teacher/instructor", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*zānāḇ*": "tail/end" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  De eldste og de høyt ærede er hodet, og profeten som lærer løgn er halen.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Derfor vil Herren kutte av Israels hode og hale, palmegren og siv, på en dag.

• Norsk King James

  Derfor skal Herren kutte av fra Israel hode og hale, greiner og rush, på en dag.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Derfor skal Herren hogge både hode og hale av Israel, palmegren og siv på én dag.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Den gamle og ærverdige er hodet, og profeten som lærer løgn er halen.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Derfor vil Herren kutte av både hode og hale fra Israel, både palmegren og siv, på én dag.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Derfor vil Herren på én dag fjerne fra Israel både hode og hale, gren og kvist.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Derfor vil Herren kutte av både hode og hale fra Israel, både palmegren og siv, på én dag.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Eldre og ansiktets aktede, han er hodet, og profet som lærer løgn, han er halen.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The elders and dignitaries are the head; the prophets who teach lies are the tail.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De eldste og de høyt aktede er hodet, og profetene som lærer løgn er halen.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Derfor haver Herren afhugget af Israel Hoved og Hale, Green og Siv paa een Dag.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Derfor skal Herren kappe hodet og halen, grenen og vassen, fra Israel på én dag.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Derfor vil Herren på én dag skjære av hodet og halen fra Israel, palmetoppen og sivet.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Derfor skal Herren skjære av både hode og hale fra Israel, palmegren og siv samme dag.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Derfor skal Herren ta bort fra Israel både hode og hale, palmegren og siv, på én dag.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Derfor tok Herren bort fra Israel både hode og hale, høy og lav, på én dag.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Therfore the LORDE shal rote out of Israel both heade and tale, braunch and twygge in one daye.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Therefore will the Lord cut off from Israel head and taile, branche and rush in one day.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Therefore hath the Lorde rooted out of Israel both head and tayle, bough and reede in one day.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Therefore Yahweh will cut off from Israel head and tail, palm-branch and rush, in one day.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Jehovah cutteth off from Israel head and tail, Branch and reed -- the same day,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Therefore Jehovah will cut off from Israel head and tail, palm-branch and rush, in one day.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For this cause the Lord took away from Israel head and tail, high and low, in one day.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Therefore Yahweh will cut off from Israel head and tail, palm branch and reed, in one day.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So the LORD cut off Israel’s head and tail, both the shoots and stalk in one day.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 19:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.15", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְמִצְרַ֖יִם מַֽעֲשֶׂ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲשֶׂ֛ה רֹ֥אשׁ וְזָנָ֖ב כִּפָּ֥ה וְאַגְמֽוֹן׃ ס", "text": "And-not-*yihyeh* for-*Miṣrayim* *maʿăśeh* which *yaʿăśeh* *rōʾš* and-*zānāḇ* *kippāh* and-*ʾaḡmôn*", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun, masculine dual/plural - Egypt", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will do", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*zānāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - tail", "*kippāh*": "noun, feminine singular - palm branch", "*ʾaḡmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - reed/rush" }, "variants": { "*yihyeh*": "will be/shall be/exist", "*maʿăśeh*": "work/deed/action/occupation", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/make/perform/accomplish", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/top/beginning", "*zānāḇ*": "tail/end/rear", "*kippāh*": "palm branch/frond/top branch", "*ʾaḡmôn*": "reed/rush/bulrush/marsh plant" } }
• Rev 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.8", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς, θάνατος, καὶ πένθος, καὶ λιμός· καὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται: ὅτι ἰσχυρὸς Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ κρίνων αὐτήν.", "text": "Because of this in one *hēmera* *hēxousin* the *plēgai* of her, *thanatos*, and *penthos*, and *limos*; and in *pyri* she *katakauthēsetai*: because *ischyros* *Kyrios* the *Theos* the one *krinōn* her.", "grammar": { "*dia touto*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - because of this/therefore", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*mia hēmera*": "adjective + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one day", "*hēxousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will come", "*hai plēgai*": "noun, nominative, feminine, plural - plagues/calamities", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*thanatos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - death", "*penthos*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - grief/mourning", "*limos*": "noun, nominative, masculine/feminine, singular - famine/hunger", "*pyri*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - fire", "*katakauthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be burned up/consumed", "*ischyros*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - mighty/strong", "*Kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*ho Theos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ho krinōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - judging/who judges", "*autēn*": "personal pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - her" }, "variants": { "*hēmera*": "day/daytime", "*hēxousin*": "will come/will arrive", "*plēgai*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*thanatos*": "death/mortality", "*penthos*": "grief/mourning/sorrow", "*limos*": "famine/hunger/scarcity of food", "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*katakauthēsetai*": "will be burned up/consumed by fire/incinerated", "*ischyros*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*krinōn*": "judging/who judges/condemning" } }
• Rev 18:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.10", "source": "Ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἑστηκότες διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς, λέγοντες, Οὐαὶ, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη Βαβυλὼν, ἡ πόλις ἡ ἰσχυρά! ὅτι ἐν μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις σου.", "text": "From *makrothen* *hestēkotes* because of the *phobon* of the *basanismou* of her, *legontes*, *Ouai*, *ouai*, the *polis* the *megalē* *Babylōn*, the *polis* the *ischyra*! because in one *hōra* *ēlthen* the *krisis* of you.", "grammar": { "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/from a distance", "*hestēkotes*": "perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - standing/having stood", "*dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/on account of", "*ton phobon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - fear", "*tou basanismou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - torment/torture", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*ouai*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hē polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*hē ischyra*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - strong/mighty", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*mia hōra*": "adjective + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour", "*ēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - came/has come", "*hē krisis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you" }, "variants": { "*makrothen*": "from afar/from a distance/far off", "*hestēkotes*": "standing/having stood", "*phobon*": "fear/terror/dread", "*basanismou*": "torment/torture/punishment", "*legontes*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*ouai*": "woe/alas (expression of grief/distress)", "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*ischyra*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment", "*ēlthen*": "came/has come/arrived", "*krisis*": "judgment/decision/condemnation" } }
• Rev 18:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.17", "source": "Ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος. Καὶ πᾶς κυβερνήτης, καὶ πᾶς ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων ὁ ὅμιλος, καὶ ναῦται, καὶ ὅσοι τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν,", "text": "Because in one *hōra* *ērēmōthē* the such great *ploutos*. And every *kybernētēs*, and every *epi* the *ploiōn* the *homilos*, and *nautai*, and as many as the *thalassan* *ergazontai*, from *makrothen* *estēsan*,", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mia hōra*": "numeral + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour", "*ērēmōthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was laid waste/was made desolate", "*ho tosoutos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - such great/so great", "*ploutos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - wealth/riches", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*kybernētēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - ship captain/pilot", "*epi*": "preposition + genitive - on/upon", "*tōn ploiōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - ships", "*ho homilos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - crowd/company", "*nautai*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - sailors", "*hosoi*": "correlative pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - as many as", "*tēn thalassan*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*ergazontai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd person plural - work/trade", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/from a distance", "*estēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - stood" }, "variants": { "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment", "*ērēmōthē*": "was laid waste/was made desolate/was devastated", "*ploutos*": "wealth/riches/affluence", "*kybernētēs*": "ship captain/pilot/helmsman", "*ploiōn*": "ships/vessels/boats", "*homilos*": "crowd/company/throng", "*nautai*": "sailors/seamen", "*thalassan*": "sea/ocean", "*ergazontai*": "work on/trade on/make their living from", "*makrothen*": "from afar/from a distance/far off", "*estēsan*": "stood/took their stand/positioned themselves" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.6", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְהוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לָכַ֤ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיֶּ֥גֶל אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַשּׁ֑וּרָה וַיֹּ֨שֶׁב אֹתָ֜ם בַּחְלַ֧ח וּבְחָב֛וֹר נְהַ֥ר גּוֹזָ֖ן וְעָרֵ֥י מָדָֽי׃", "text": "In-*shānāh* the-*təshîʿît* to-*hōshēaʿ* *lākad* *melek*-*ʾashshūr* *ʾet*-*shōmerōn* *wə*-*yegel* *ʾet*-*yisrāʾēl* *ʾashshūrāh* *wə*-*yōsheb* *ʾōtām* in-*ḥalaḥ* and-in-*ḥābōr* *nəhar* *gōzān* and-*ʿārê* *māday*.", "grammar": { "*bi-shnat*": "preposition with construct state - in year of", "*ha-təshîʿît*": "definite adjective, feminine singular - the ninth", "*lə-hōshēaʿ*": "preposition with proper noun - to/of Hoshea", "*lākad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he captured", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾashshūr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʾet-shōmerōn*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Samaria", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yegel*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he exiled", "*ʾet-yisrāʾēl*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Israel", "*ʾashshūrāh*": "proper noun with directional suffix - to Assyria", "*yōsheb*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he settled", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ba-ḥalaḥ*": "preposition with proper noun - in Halah", "*u-bə-ḥābōr*": "conjunction and preposition with proper noun - and in Habor", "*nəhar*": "construct state, masculine singular - river of", "*gōzān*": "proper noun - Gozan", "*wə-ʿārê*": "conjunction with construct plural - and cities of", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media" }, "variants": { "*lākad*": "captured/seized/took", "*yegel*": "exiled/deported/carried away", "*yōsheb*": "settled/placed/resettled", "*nəhar gōzān*": "river of Gozan/Gozan River", "*ʿārê māday*": "cities of Media/Median cities" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.7", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־חָטְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם הַמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִתַּ֕חַת יַ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəhî* *kî*-*ḥāṭəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, the-one-*maʿăleh* *ʾōtām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* from-under *yad* *parʿōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*yîrəʾū* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against/to YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with noun - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-taḥat*": "compound preposition - from under", "*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt", "*wə-yîrəʾū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they feared", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "sinned/offended/transgressed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/brought up/who brought up", "*mi-taḥat yad*": "from under the hand of/from the authority of", "*yîrəʾū*": "feared/revered/worshiped", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.8", "source": "וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקּ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "*wə*-*yēlkū* in-*ḥuqqōt* the-*gōyim* *ʾăsher* *hōrîsh* *YHWH* from-before *bənê* *yisrāʾēl*, and-*malkê* *yisrāʾēl* *ʾăsher* *ʿāsū*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēlkū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they walked", "*bə-ḥuqqōt*": "preposition with feminine plural construct - in statutes of", "*ha-gōyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*hōrîsh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he drove out", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*mi-pənê*": "preposition with construct plural - from before", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*u-malkê*": "conjunction with construct plural - and kings of", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*ʿāsū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made/did" }, "variants": { "*yēlkū*": "walked/followed/went", "*ḥuqqōt*": "statutes/customs/practices", "*gōyim*": "nations/gentiles/heathen", "*hōrîsh*": "drove out/dispossessed/expelled", "*mi-pənê*": "from before/from the presence of", "*ʿāsū*": "made/did/established" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.9", "source": "וַיְחַפְּא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל דְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־כֵ֔ן עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּבְנ֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם בָּמוֹת֙ בְּכָל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל נוֹצְרִ֖ים עַד־עִ֥יר מִבְצָֽר׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəḥappəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* *dəbārîm* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ*-*kēn* against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, *wə*-*yibnū* to-them *bāmōt* in-all-*ʿārêhem* from-*migdal* *nōṣərîm* until-*ʿîr* *mibṣār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḥappəʾū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they covered/concealed", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things/matters/words", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ-kēn*": "negative particle with adverb - not right/improper", "*ʿal-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wə-yibnū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they built", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*bāmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - high places", "*bə-kol-ʿārêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - in all their cities", "*mi-migdal*": "preposition with construct - from tower of", "*nōṣərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - watchmen", "*ʿad-ʿîr*": "preposition with construct - to city of", "*mibṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - fortification/fortress" }, "variants": { "*yəḥappəʾū*": "covered up/did secretly/concealed", "*dəbārîm*": "things/words/matters/practices", "*lōʾ-kēn*": "not right/improper/false", "*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines/altars", "*migdal nōṣərîm*": "watchtower/tower of watchmen", "*ʿîr mibṣār*": "fortified city/fortress city" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.10", "source": "וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ לָהֶ֛ם מַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃", "text": "*wə*-*yaṣṣîbū* to-them *maṣṣēbōt* and-*ʾăshērîm* on all-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* and-under all-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaṣṣîbū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they set up", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*maṣṣēbōt*": "noun, feminine plural - pillars/standing stones", "*wa-ʾăshērîm*": "conjunction with noun, masculine plural - and Asherah poles", "*ʿal kol-gibʿāh*": "preposition with construct and noun - on every hill", "*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-taḥat*": "conjunction with preposition - and under", "*kol-ʿēṣ*": "construct with noun - every tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy/green/luxuriant" }, "variants": { "*yaṣṣîbū*": "set up/erected/established", "*maṣṣēbōt*": "pillars/sacred stones/standing stones", "*ʾăshērîm*": "Asherah poles/sacred poles/wooden images", "*gibʿāh gəbōhāh*": "high hill/lofty hill", "*ʿēṣ raʿănān*": "leafy tree/green tree/luxuriant tree" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.11", "source": "וַיְקַטְּרוּ־שָׁם֙ בְּכָל־בָּמ֔וֹת כַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ דְּבָרִ֣ים רָעִ֔ים לְהַכְעִ֖יס אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəqaṭṭərū*-there in-all-*bāmōt* like-the-*gōyim* *ʾăsher*-*heglāh* *YHWH* from-before-them, *wə*-*yaʿăsū* *dəbārîm* *rāʿîm* to-*hakʿîs* *ʾet*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəqaṭṭərū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they burned incense", "*shām*": "adverb - there", "*bə-kol-bāmōt*": "preposition with construct and noun - in all high places", "*ka-gōyim*": "preposition with noun - like the nations", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*heglāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he exiled/removed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*mi-pənêhem*": "preposition with construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - from before them", "*wə-yaʿăsū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they did", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - things", "*rāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - evil", "*lə-hakʿîs*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke to anger", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker with divine name - YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yəqaṭṭərū*": "burned incense/offered sacrifices", "*bāmōt*": "high places/shrines", "*heglāh*": "exiled/removed/carried away", "*dəbārîm rāʿîm*": "evil things/wicked deeds", "*hakʿîs*": "provoke to anger/vex/irritate" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.12", "source": "וַיַּֽעַבְד֖וּ הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə*-*yaʿabdū* the-*gillūlîm* *ʾăsher* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-them *lōʾ* *taʿăsū* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-this.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿabdū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they served", "*ha-gillūlîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the idols/dung idols", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - about which", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿăsū*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ʾet-ha-dābār*": "direct object marker with definite noun - the thing", "*ha-zeh*": "definite demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*yaʿabdū*": "served/worshiped", "*gillūlîm*": "idols/dung idols/abominations", "*taʿăsū*": "do/practice/perform" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.13", "source": "וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֜֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yāʿad* *YHWH* in-*yisrāʾēl* and-in-*yəhūdāh* by-*yad* all-*nəbîʾê* all-*ḥōzeh* *lēmōr*: *shūbū* from-*darkêkem* the-*rāʿîm* and-*shimrū* *miṣwōtay* *ḥuqqōtay* like-all-the-*tōrāh* *ʾăsher* *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*, and-*ʾăsher* *shālaḥtî* to-you by-*yad* *ʿăbāday* the-*nəbîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāʿad*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he testified/warned", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*bə-yisrāʾēl*": "preposition with proper noun - in Israel", "*u-bî-yəhūdāh*": "conjunction, preposition with proper noun - and in Judah", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*kol-nəbîʾê*": "construct with noun - all prophets of", "*kol-ḥōzeh*": "construct with noun - every seer", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*shūbū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - turn back", "*mi-darkêkem*": "preposition with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your ways", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the evil", "*wə-shimrū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - keep", "*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my commandments", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my statutes", "*kə-kol-ha-tōrāh*": "preposition with construct and definite noun - according to all the law", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect, 1st common singular - I commanded", "*ʾet-ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wa-ʾăsher*": "conjunction with relative pronoun - and which", "*shālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*ʿăbāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my servants", "*ha-nəbîʾîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*yāʿad*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*nəbîʾê*": "prophets of", "*ḥōzeh*": "seer/visionary", "*shūbū*": "turn back/return/repent", "*darkêkem hā-rāʿîm*": "your evil ways/your wicked paths", "*shimrū*": "keep/observe/guard", "*tōrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.14", "source": "וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə*-*lōʾ* *shāmēʿū* *wə*-*yaqshū* *ʾet*-*ʿorpām* like-*ʿōref* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînū* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*shāmēʿū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they listened", "*wə-yaqshū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - their neck", "*kə-ʿōref*": "preposition with construct - like neck of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heʾĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they believed", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - in YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*shāmēʿū*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*yaqshū*": "hardened/stiffened", "*ʿōref*": "neck/stubbornness", "*heʾĕmînū*": "believed/trusted/had faith" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.15", "source": "וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And they *māʾas* *ʾēt*-*ḥuqqāh* his, and *ʾēt*-*bᵊrît* his which he *kārat* *ʾēt*-fathers their, and *ʾēt*-*ʿēdût* his which he *ʿûd* against them; and they *hālak* after the *hebel* and they *hābal*, and after the *gôy* which around them, which *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* to not *ʿāśâ* like them.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected/despised", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqāh*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes/decrees", "*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made [covenant]", "*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his testimonies/witnesses", "*ʿûd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he testified/witnessed", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked/went", "*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vanity/emptiness", "*hābal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they became vain/worthless", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations/gentiles", "*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*ḥuqqāh*": "statutes/decrees/laws", "*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*kārat*": "cut/make [covenant]/establish", "*ʿēdût*": "testimonies/witnesses/warnings", "*ʿûd*": "testify/witness/warn", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/idols", "*hābal*": "become vain/worthless/act foolishly", "*gôy*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.16", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves", "*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree", "*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down", "*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped", "*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue", "*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess", "*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship", "*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for", "*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.18", "source": "וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף יְהוָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְסִרֵ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʾānap* *YHWH* *mᵊʾōd* in *yiśrāʾēl*, and he *sûr* them from upon *pānîm* his; not *šāʾar*, only *šēbeṭ* *yᵊhûdâ* to alone it.", "grammar": { "*ʾānap*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he became very angry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mᵊʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*sûr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he removed them", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*šāʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - remained/was left", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tribe of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ʾānap*": "become angry/be furious/rage", "*mᵊʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight", "*šāʾar*": "remain/be left/stay behind", "*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/staff" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.19", "source": "גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "Also *yᵊhûdâ* not *šāmar* *ʾēt*-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *hālak* in *ḥuqqâ* of *yiśrāʾēl* which they *ʿāśâ*.", "grammar": { "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kept/observed", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked", "*ḥuqqâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes/customs of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made/did" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*ḥuqqâ*": "statutes/customs/practices", "*ʿāśâ*": "make/do/practice" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.20", "source": "וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *māʾas* *YHWH* in all-*zeraʿ* of *yiśrāʾēl* and he *ʿānâ* them and he *nātan* them in hand-of *šāsâ* until which he *šālak* them from *pānîm* his.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rejected", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿānâ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he afflicted them", "*nātan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them", "*šāsâ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - plunderers/spoilers", "*šālak*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he cast them away", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble", "*nātan*": "give/deliver/place", "*šāsâ*": "plunderers/spoilers/robbers", "*šālak*": "cast away/throw off/drive out", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight" } }
• Isa 3:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.2", "source": "גִּבּ֖וֹר וְאִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה שׁוֹפֵ֥ט וְנָבִ֖יא וְקֹסֵ֥ם וְזָקֵֽן", "text": "*gibbôr* and-*ʾîš* *milḥāmāh*; *šôpēṭ* and-*nābîʾ* and-*qōsēm* and-*zāqēn*", "grammar": { "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior/hero", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*šôpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judge", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*qōsēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - diviner/soothsayer", "*zāqēn*": "noun, masculine singular - elder/old man" }, "variants": { "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero/champion", "*ʾîš*": "man/male/husband", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*šôpēṭ*": "judge/one who judges", "*nābîʾ*": "prophet/seer/spokesperson", "*qōsēm*": "diviner/soothsayer/one who practices divination", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.3", "source": "שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ וַחֲכַ֥ם חֲרָשִׁ֖ים וּנְב֥וֹן לָֽחַשׁ", "text": "*śar*-*ḥămišîm* and-*nəśûʾ* *pānîm* and-*yôʿēṣ* and-*ḥăkam* *ḥărāšîm* and-*nəbôn* *lāḥaš*", "grammar": { "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - captain/chief of", "*ḥămišîm*": "number - fifty", "*nəśûʾ*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face/countenance", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - counselor/adviser", "*ḥăkam*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - wise/skilled", "*ḥărāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - craftsmen/artisans/engravers", "*nəbôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - understanding/discerning", "*lāḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - whisper/charm/spell" }, "variants": { "*śar*": "captain/chief/prince/leader", "*ḥămišîm*": "fifty (as a military unit)", "*nəśûʾ pānîm*": "one of dignity/respected person/honored one", "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/adviser/consultant", "*ḥăkam ḥărāšîm*": "skilled craftsman/expert artisan/master of crafts", "*nəbôn lāḥaš*": "skilled in enchantment/eloquent speaker/expert in incantation" } }
• Isa 10:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.17", "source": "וְהָיָה אוֹר־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֵשׁ וּקְדוֹשׁוֹ לְלֶהָבָה וּבָעֲרָה וְאָכְלָה שִׁיתוֹ וּשְׁמִירוֹ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד", "text": "*wehāyāh* *ʾôr*-*yiśrāʾēl* *leʾēš* *ûqedôšô* *lelehābāh* *ûbāʿărāh* *weʾāḵelāh* *šîtô* *ûšemîrô* *beyôm* *ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - light of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*leʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a fire", "*ûqedôšô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his Holy One", "*lelehābāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a flame", "*ûbāʿărāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will burn", "*weʾāḵelāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will devour", "*šîtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thorns", "*ûšemîrô*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his briers", "*beyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in day", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/luminary/flame", "*qādôš*": "holy one/sacred one", "*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze", "*bāʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle", "*ʾāḵal*": "eat/devour/consume", "*šît*": "thorns/thistles/briars", "*šāmîr*": "briers/thorns/brambles" } }
• Isa 30:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.13", "source": "לָכֵן יִהְיֶה לָכֶם הֶעָוֺן הַזֶּה כְּפֶרֶץ נֹפֵל נִבְעֶה בְּחוֹמָה נִשְׂגָּבָה אֲשֶׁר־פִּתְאֹם לְפֶתַע יָבוֹא שִׁבְרָהּ׃", "text": "Therefore, this *heʿāwōn* shall *yihyeh* to you like a *pereṣ* *nōpēl*, *nibʿeh* in a *ḥômâ* *niśgābâ*, which suddenly, in an instant, *yābôʾ* its *šibrāh*.", "grammar": { "*heʿāwōn*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the iniquity", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*pereṣ*": "masculine singular noun - breach/gap/break", "*nōpēl*": "qal participle masculine singular - falling", "*nibʿeh*": "niphal participle masculine singular - bulging out", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun - wall", "*niśgābâ*": "niphal participle feminine singular - high/lofty", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will come", "*šibrāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its breaking/collapse" }, "variants": { "*heʿāwōn*": "the iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yihyeh*": "will be/become/happen", "*pereṣ*": "breach/gap/break/rupture", "*nōpēl*": "falling/collapsing", "*nibʿeh*": "bulging out/swelling/ready to fall", "*ḥômâ*": "wall/fortification", "*niśgābâ*": "high/lofty/inaccessible", "*yābôʾ*": "will come/arrive/happen", "*šibrāh*": "its breaking/collapse/destruction" } }
• Hos 1:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו קְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יִזְרְעֶ֑אל כִּי־ע֣וֹד מְעַ֗ט וּפָ֨קַדְתִּ֜י אֶת־דְּמֵ֤י יִזְרְעֶאל֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יֵה֔וּא וְהִ֨שְׁבַּתִּ֔י מַמְלְכ֖וּת בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-him *qərāʾ* *šəmô* *Yizrəʿeʾl* for-*ʿôd* *məʿaṭ* and-*pāqadtî* *ʾet*-*dəmê* *Yizrəʿeʾl* upon-*bêt* *Yēhûʾ* and-*hišbattî* *mamlekût* *bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - call", "*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his name", "*Yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still", "*məʿaṭ*": "masculine singular adjective - little/short time", "*pāqadtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will visit/punish", "*dəmê*": "construct state, masculine plural - bloods of", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*Yēhûʾ*": "proper noun - Jehu", "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will cause to cease", "*mamlekût*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Yizrəʿeʾl*": "God sows/scatters", "*pāqadtî*": "visit/attend to/punish/avenge", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*hišbattî*": "cause to cease/end/terminate" } }
• Hos 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.6", "source": "וַתַּ֤הַר עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בַּ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ קְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ לֹ֣א רֻחָ֑מָה כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אוֹסִ֜יף ע֗וֹד אֲרַחֵם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נָשֹׂ֥א אֶשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*tahar* *ʿôd* and-*tēled* *bat* and-*yōʾmer* to-him *qərāʾ* *šəmāh* *Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh* for not *ʾôsîp* *ʿôd* *ʾăraḥēm* *ʾet*-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* for-*nāśōʾ* *ʾeśśāʾ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*tahar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she conceived", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet", "*tēled*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she bore", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun - daughter", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - call", "*šəmāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3fs suffix - her name", "*Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh*": "proper noun - Lo-Ruhamah (Not Pitied)", "*ʾôsîp*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will add", "*ʾăraḥēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will have mercy/compassion", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nāśōʾ*": "qal infinitive absolute - lifting/forgiving", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will lift/forgive" }, "variants": { "*Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh*": "Not Pitied/Not Having Obtained Mercy", "*nāśōʾ ʾeśśāʾ*": "I will surely forgive/I will completely take away/I will utterly pardon" } }
• Hos 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר קְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֑י כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹֽא־אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *qərāʾ* *šəmô* *Lōʾ ʿAmmî* for you not *ʿammî* and-*ʾānōkî* not-*ʾehyeh* to-you. [section mark]", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - call", "*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his name", "*Lōʾ ʿAmmî*": "proper noun - Lo-Ammi (Not My People)", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1cs suffix - my people", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be" }, "variants": { "*Lōʾ ʿAmmî*": "Not My People", "*ʾānōkî*": "emphatic 'I'" } }
• Hos 4:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.5", "source": "וְכָשַׁלְתָּ֣ הַיּ֔וֹם וְכָשַׁ֧ל גַּם־נָבִ֛יא עִמְּךָ֖ לָ֑יְלָה וְדָמִ֖יתִי אִמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-kāšaltā* *hayyôm* *wə-kāšal* *gam-nābîʾ* *ʿimmĕkā* *lāylâ* *wə-dāmîtî* *ʾimmekā*", "grammar": { "*wə-kāšaltā*": "conjunction + perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you stumble/have stumbled", "*hayyôm*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the day", "*wə-kāšal*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and stumbles/has stumbled", "*gam*": "particle - also", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*ʿimmĕkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*lāylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*wə-dāmîtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st person singular - and I will destroy/cut off", "*ʾimmekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mother" }, "variants": { "*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/fall/fail", "*dāmîtî*": "destroy/silence/cut off/compare" } }
• Hos 5:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.12", "source": "וַאֲנִ֥י כָעָ֖שׁ לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְכָרָקָ֖ב לְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*Wa*-*ʾănî* like-the-*ʿāš* to-*ʾEp̄rayim*, *wə*-like-the-*rāqāḇ* to-house of-*Yəhûḏâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʿāš*": "noun, masculine singular - moth", "*ʾEp̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rāqāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - rottenness/decay", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ʿāš*": "moth/clothes moth/consuming insect", "*rāqāḇ*": "rottenness/decay/dry rot" } } 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.13", "source": "וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת־חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת־מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Wayyarə* *ʾEp̄rayim* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥālyô* *wî*-*Yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ*-*məzōrô*, *wayyēleḵ* *ʾEp̄rayim* to-*ʾAššûr* *wayyišlaḥ* to-*meleḵ* *yārēḇ*; *wə*-he not *yûḵal* to-heal to-you, *wə*-not-*yiḡhê* from-you *māzôr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarə*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾEp̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥālyô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sickness", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məzōrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wound", "*wayyēleḵ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yārēḇ*": "proper noun or participle - Jareb/contentious one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yûḵal*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able", "*yiḡhê*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remove/cure", "*māzôr*": "noun, masculine singular - wound/infection" }, "variants": { "*ḥālyô*": "his sickness/his disease/his illness", "*məzōrô*": "his wound/his sore/his infection", "*yārēḇ*": "Jareb (proper name)/contentious/warrior/one who contends", "*yûḵal*": "he is able/he can/he has power", "*yiḡhê*": "he will remove/he will cure/he will heal", "*māzôr*": "wound/infection/sore" } } 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.14", "source": "כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֤י כַשַּׁ֙חַל֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם וְכַכְּפִ֖יר לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲנִ֨י אֲנִ֤י אֶטְרֹף֙ וְאֵלֵ֔ךְ אֶשָּׂ֖א וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "For *ʾānōḵî* like-the-*šaḥal* to-*ʾEp̄rayim*, *wə*-like-the-*kəp̄îr* to-house of-*Yəhûḏâ*; *ʾănî* *ʾănî* *ʾeṭrōp̄* *wə*-*ʾēlēḵ*, *ʾeśśā* *wə*-none *maṣṣîl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*šaḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - lion/young lion", "*ʾEp̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kəp̄îr*": "noun, masculine singular - young lion", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾeṭrōp̄*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will tear/rend", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will go/depart", "*ʾeśśā*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will carry away/take away", "*maṣṣîl*": "participle, hiphil, masculine singular - one who delivers/rescues" }, "variants": { "*šaḥal*": "lion/young lion/fierce lion", "*kəp̄îr*": "young lion/strong lion", "*ʾeṭrōp̄*": "I will tear/I will rend/I will ravage", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "I will go/I will depart/I will walk away", "*ʾeśśā*": "I will carry away/I will take away/I will bear off", "*maṣṣîl*": "one who delivers/one who rescues/one who saves" } }
• Hos 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.8", "source": "נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*niḇlaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*; now *hāyû* among the *gôyim* like *kəlî* *ʾên*-*ḥēp̄eṣ* in him.", "grammar": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they were/have become", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - vessel/object of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - delight/pleasure/desire" }, "variants": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "swallowed up/devoured/consumed", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/have been", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*kəlî*": "vessel/object/utensil", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire/value" } }
• Hos 9:11-17 : 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.11", "source": "אֶפְרַ֕יִם כָּע֖וֹף יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ף כְּבוֹדָ֑ם מִלֵּדָ֥ה וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾEprayim* like-the-*ʿôp* *yitʿôpēp* *kebôdām* from-*lēdāh* and-from-*beṭen* and-from-*hērāyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun - 'bird/fowl'", "*yitʿôpēp*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will fly away'", "*kebôdām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their glory'", "*lēdāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'birth/childbirth'", "*beṭen*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb/belly'", "*hērāyôn*": "masculine singular noun - 'conception/pregnancy'" }, "variants": { "*ʿôp*": "bird/fowl/flying creature", "*yitʿôpēp*": "will fly away/will flutter away/will vanish", "*kebôdām*": "their glory/their honor/their abundance", "*lēdāh*": "birth/childbirth/delivery", "*beṭen*": "womb/belly/pregnancy", "*hērāyôn*": "conception/pregnancy" } } 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.12", "source": "כִּ֤י אִם־יְגַדְּלוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖ים מֵֽאָדָ֑ם כִּֽי־גַם־א֥וֹי לָהֶ֖ם בְּשׂוּרִ֥י מֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "Because if-*yegaddelû* *ʾet*-*benêhem* and-*wešikkaltîm* from-*ʾādām*; because-also-*ʾôy* to-them when-*sûrî* from-them.", "grammar": { "*yegaddelû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they bring up/rear'", "*benêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sons'", "*wešikkaltîm*": "piel perfect 1st singular with vav consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will bereave them'", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/mankind'", "*ʾôy*": "interjection - 'woe!'", "*sûrî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - 'my turning away'" }, "variants": { "*yegaddelû*": "they bring up/they rear/they raise", "*wešikkaltîm*": "I will bereave them/I will make them childless", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/disaster", "*sûrî*": "my turning away/my departing/when I depart" } } 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.13", "source": "אֶפְרַ֛יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֥יתִי לְצ֖וֹר שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בְנָוֶ֑ה וְאֶפְרַ֕יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶל־הֹרֵ֖ג בָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʾEprayim* as-that-*rāʾîtî* to-*ṣôr* *šetûlāh* in-*nāweh*; and-*ʾeprayim* to-*hôṣîʾ* to-*hōrēg* *bānāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw/have seen'", "*ṣôr*": "proper noun - 'Tyre'", "*šetûlāh*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - 'planted'", "*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - 'pasture/meadow/habitation'", "*hôṣîʾ*": "hifil infinitive construct - 'to bring out'", "*hōrēg*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'killer/slayer'", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sons'" }, "variants": { "*ṣôr*": "Tyre (or possibly 'a rock/rocky place')", "*šetûlāh*": "planted/established/set", "*nāweh*": "pasture/meadow/habitation/pleasant place", "*hôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/to lead out", "*hōrēg*": "killer/slayer/murderer" } } 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.14", "source": "תֵּן־לָהֶ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מַה־תִּתֵּ֑ן תֵּן־לָהֶם֙ רֶ֣חֶם מַשְׁכִּ֔יל וְשָׁדַ֖יִם צֹמְקִֽים׃", "text": "Give-to-them *YHWH* what-*tittēn*; give-to-them *reḥem* *maškîl* and-*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will give'", "*reḥem*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb'", "*maškîl*": "hifil participle masculine singular - 'causing miscarriage'", "*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - 'breasts'", "*ṣōmeqîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'dried up/shriveled'" }, "variants": { "*tittēn*": "you will give/you should give", "*reḥem* *maškîl*": "miscarrying womb/barren womb", "*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*": "dried up breasts/shriveled breasts" } } 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.15", "source": "כָּל־רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל־שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים׃", "text": "All-*rāʿātām* in-the-*gilgāl* because-there *śenēʾtîm* because-of *rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem* from-*bêtî* *ʾăgārešēm*; not *ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*, all-*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*.", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their evil/wickedness'", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gilgal'", "*śenēʾtîm*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I hated them'", "*rōaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - 'evil of'", "*maʿalělêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their deeds'", "*bêtî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my house'", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will drive them out'", "*ʾôsēp*": "hifil imperfect 1st singular - 'I will continue'", "*ʾahăbātām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to love them'", "*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their princes'", "*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'rebellious/stubborn'" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their calamity", "*gilgāl*": "place of idolatrous worship", "*śenēʾtîm*": "I hated them/I rejected them", "*rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem*": "evil of their deeds/wickedness of their actions", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "I will drive them out/I will expel them", "*ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*": "I will continue to love them/I will love them again", "*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*": "their princes are rebellious/their leaders are defiant" } } 16 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.16", "source": "הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י *בלי־**בַֽל־יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם׃", "text": "*Hukkāh* *ʾeprayim*, *šoršām* *yābēš*, *perî* not-*yaʿăśûn*; even if *yēlēdûn*, and-*hēmattî* *maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*.", "grammar": { "*Hukkāh*": "hofal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'was smitten/struck'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*šoršām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their root'", "*yābēš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is dried up'", "*perî*": "masculine singular noun - 'fruit'", "*yaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they will yield/produce'", "*yēlēdûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they give birth'", "*hēmattî*": "hifil perfect 1st singular - 'I will kill'", "*maḥămaddê*": "masculine plural construct - 'desired ones of'", "*biṭnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their womb/body'" }, "variants": { "*Hukkāh*": "was smitten/was struck/is blighted", "*šoršām* *yābēš*": "their root is dried up/their root is withered", "*perî* *yaʿăśûn*": "they will yield fruit/they will produce fruit", "*yēlēdûn*": "they give birth/they bear children", "*hēmattî*": "I will kill/I will slay/I will put to death", "*maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*": "desired ones of their womb/beloved offspring/precious children" } } 17 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.17", "source": "יִמְאָסֵ֣ם אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ל֑וֹ וְיִהְי֥וּ נֹדְדִ֖ים בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*Yimʾāsēm* *ʾĕlōhay* because not *šāmeʿû* to-him, and-*yihyû* *nōdedîm* among-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'he will reject them'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my God'", "*šāmeʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they listened/obeyed'", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*nōdedîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'wanderers'", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - 'the nations'" }, "variants": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "he will reject them/he will cast them away/he will despise them", "*šāmeʿû*": "they listened/they obeyed/they hearkened", "*nōdedîm*": "wanderers/fugitives/homeless ones", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } }
• Hos 10:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.15", "source": "כָּ֗כָה עָשָׂ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֖י רָעַ֣ת רָֽעַתְכֶ֑ם בַּשַּׁ֕חַר נִדְמֹ֥ה נִדְמָ֖ה מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "Thus *ʿāśāh* to you *bêt*-*ʾēl* because of *rāʿat rāʿatkem*; in the *šaḥar nidmōh nidmāh melek Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he has done", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - house of", "*ʾēl*": "proper noun - El/God", "*rāʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - evil of", "*rāʿatkem*": "noun, feminine, singular with 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your evil", "*šaḥar*": "noun, masculine, singular - dawn", "*nidmōh*": "verb, Niphal, infinitive absolute - utterly cut off", "*nidmāh*": "verb, Niphal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - is cut off", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*nidmōh nidmāh*": "emphatic construction: is utterly cut off/is completely destroyed/is certainly silenced" } }
• Hos 13:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.3", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃", "text": "*lākēn* they *hāyâ* like-*ʿānān*-of-*bōqer* *wə-* like-the-*ṭal* *maškîm* *hālak* like-*mōṣ* *sāʿar* from-*gōren* *û-* like-*ʿāšān* from-*ʾărubbâ*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - 'therefore'", "*hāyâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'will be/become'", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'cloud of'", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - 'morning'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - 'dew'", "*maškîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - 'rising early'", "*hālak*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - 'going/passing away'", "*mōṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'chaff'", "*sāʿar*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - 'driven/swept away'", "*gōren*": "noun, masculine singular - 'threshing floor'", "*û-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿāšān*": "noun, masculine singular - 'smoke'", "*ʾărubbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'window/chimney'" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "will be/become/exist", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass", "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak", "*ṭal*": "dew/light moisture", "*maškîm*": "rising early/appearing early", "*hālak*": "going/passing away/departing", "*mōṣ*": "chaff/husks", "*sāʿar*": "driven away/swept away/storm-tossed", "*gōren*": "threshing floor/place for winnowing", "*ʿāšān*": "smoke/vapor", "*ʾărubbâ*": "window/chimney/lattice" } }
• Amos 2:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "Amos.2.14", "source": "וְאָבַ֤ד מָנוֹס֙ מִקָּ֔ל וְחָזָ֖ק לֹא־יְאַמֵּ֣ץ כֹּח֑וֹ וְגִבּ֖וֹר לֹא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾābad mānôs miqqāl wə-ḥāzāq lōʾ-yəʾammēṣ kōḥô wə-gibbôr lōʾ-yəmallēṭ napšô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾābad*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and shall perish", "*mānôs*": "masculine singular - flight/refuge", "*miqqāl*": "preposition + definite article + adjective masculine singular - from the swift", "*wə-ḥāzāq*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and strong", "*lōʾ-yəʾammēṣ*": "negative particle + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall not strengthen", "*kōḥô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strength", "*wə-gibbôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and mighty man", "*lōʾ-yəmallēṭ*": "negative particle + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall not deliver", "*napšô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life" }, "variants": { "*ʾābad*": "shall perish/shall be lost/shall vanish", "*mānôs*": "flight/refuge/escape", "*qāl*": "swift/quick/fleet", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yəʾammēṣ*": "shall strengthen/shall make firm", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*yəmallēṭ*": "shall deliver/shall rescue/shall save", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self" } } 15 { "verseID": "Amos.2.15", "source": "וְתֹפֵ֤שׂ הַקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔ד וְקַ֥ל בְּרַגְלָ֖יו לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּ֑ט וְרֹכֵ֣ב הַסּ֔וּס לֹ֥א יְמַלֵּ֖ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-tōpēś haqqešet lōʾ yaʿămōd wə-qal bəraglāyw lōʾ yəmallēṭ wə-rōkēb hassûs lōʾ yəmallēṭ napšô*", "grammar": { "*wə-tōpēś*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and handler/grasper of", "*haqqešet*": "definite article + feminine singular - the bow", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall stand", "*wə-qal*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and swift", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his feet", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall deliver", "*wə-rōkēb*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and rider of", "*hassûs*": "definite article + masculine singular - the horse", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall deliver", "*napšô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life" }, "variants": { "*tōpēś*": "handler/grasper/holder", "*qešet*": "bow/archer's weapon", "*yaʿămōd*": "he shall stand/he shall withstand/he shall resist", "*qal*": "swift/quick/fleet", "*bəraglāyw*": "with his feet/in his feet/by his feet", "*yəmallēṭ*": "he shall deliver/he shall rescue/he shall save", "*rōkēb*": "rider/one who rides", "*sûs*": "horse/steed", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self" } } 16 { "verseID": "Amos.2.16", "source": "וְאַמִּ֥יץ לִבּ֖וֹ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים עָר֛וֹם יָנ֥וּס בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ʾammîṣ libbô baggibôrîm ʿārôm yānûs bayyôm-hahûʾ nəʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾammîṣ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular construct - and strong of", "*libbô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*baggibôrîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - among the mighty", "*ʿārôm*": "adjective masculine singular - naked", "*yānûs*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall flee", "*bayyôm-hahûʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that day", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "masculine singular construct + divine name - declaration of Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾammîṣ*": "strong/brave/courageous", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*gibôrîm*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes", "*ʿārôm*": "naked/stripped/bare", "*yānûs*": "he shall flee/he shall run away/he shall escape", "*yôm-hahûʾ*": "that day/that time", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/oracle of the LORD/says YHWH" } }
• Amos 3:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Amos.3.12", "source": "כֹּה֮ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יַצִּ֨יל הָרֹעֶ֜ה מִפִּ֧י הָאֲרִ֛י שְׁתֵּ֥י כְרָעַ֖יִם א֣וֹ בְדַל־אֹ֑זֶן כֵּ֣ן יִנָּצְל֞וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּפְאַ֥ת מִטָּ֖ה וּבִדְמֶ֥שֶׁק עָֽרֶשׂ׃", "text": "*Kōh* *ʾāmar* *YHWH*: *Kaʾăšer* *yaṣṣîl* *hā-rōʿeh* *mippî* *hā-ʾărî* *šəttê* *kərāʿayim* *ʾô* *bədal*-*ʾōzen*; *kēn* *yinnāṣəlû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ha-yōšəbîm* *bə-Šōmərôn* *bi-pəʾat* *miṭṭâ* *û-bi-dmeśeq* *ʿāreś*", "grammar": { "*Kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Kaʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - just as", "*yaṣṣîl*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will rescue/deliver", "*hā-rōʿeh*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the shepherd", "*mippî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from mouth of", "*hā-ʾărî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lion", "*šəttê*": "numeral, feminine construct - two of", "*kərāʿayim*": "noun, feminine dual - legs", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*bədal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - piece of", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*yinnāṣəlû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be rescued", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-yōšəbîm*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones dwelling", "*bə-Šōmərôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Samaria", "*bi-pəʾat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in corner of", "*miṭṭâ*": "noun, feminine singular - bed", "*û-bi-dmeśeq*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Damascus", "*ʿāreś*": "noun, masculine singular - couch" }, "variants": { "*kōh*": "thus/so/in this manner", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*yaṣṣîl*": "rescue/deliver/save/recover", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman/pastor", "*peh*": "mouth/opening", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*kərāʿayim*": "legs/lower limbs", "*bədal*": "piece/part/fragment", "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*yinnāṣəlû*": "be rescued/be delivered/be saved", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/sitting/residing", "*pēʾâ*": "corner/edge/side", "*miṭṭâ*": "bed/couch", "*ʿāreś*": "couch/divan/bed" } }
• Amos 5:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Amos.5.2", "source": "נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Nāphlāh* not-*tôsîph* *qûm* *bətûlat* *yiśrāʾēl*; *niṭṭəshāh* upon-*ʾadmātāh* *ʾên* *məqîmāh*", "grammar": { "*Nāphlāh*": "perfect, qal, 3rd feminine singular - she has fallen", "*tôsîph*": "imperfect, hiphil, 3rd feminine singular - she will add/continue", "*qûm*": "infinitive construct, qal - to rise/stand up", "*bətûlat*": "construct form, feminine singular - virgin of", "*niṭṭəshāh*": "perfect, niphal, 3rd feminine singular - she is abandoned/forsaken", "*ʾadmātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ground/land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*məqîmāh*": "participle, hiphil, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - one raising her up" }, "variants": { "*Nāphlāh*": "fallen/collapsed/defeated", "*tôsîph*": "continue/add/do again", "*niṭṭəshāh*": "abandoned/forsaken/cast down", "*ʾadmātāh*": "her ground/her land/her soil" } } 3 { "verseID": "Amos.5.3", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָעִ֛יר הַיֹּצֵ֥את אֶ֖לֶף תַּשְׁאִ֣יר מֵאָ֑ה וְהַיּוֹצֵ֥את מֵאָ֛ה תַּשְׁאִ֥יר עֲשָׂרָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*: *hā-ʿîr* *ha-yōṣēʾt* thousand *tashʾîr* hundred, and-*ha-yōṣēʾt* hundred *tashʾîr* ten *lə-bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*ha-yōṣēʾt*": "definite article + participle, qal, feminine singular - the one going out", "*tashʾîr*": "imperfect, hiphil, 3rd feminine singular - it will leave/remain", "*lə-bêt*": "preposition + construct form, masculine - to/for house of" }, "variants": { "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*yōṣēʾt*": "going out/marching out/sending out", "*tashʾîr*": "will leave/will have remaining" } }
• Amos 6:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Amos.6.11", "source": "כִּי־הִנֵּה יְהוָה מְצַוֶּה וְהִכָּה הַבַּיִת הַגָּדוֹל רְסִיסִים וְהַבַּיִת הַקָּטֹן בְּקִעִים", "text": "For- behold *YHWH* *məṣawweh* *wə-* *hikkâ* the *bayit* the *gādôl* *rəsîsîm* *wə-* the *bayit* the *qāṭōn* *bəqîʿîm*", "grammar": { "*məṣawweh*": "piel participle, masculine singular - commanding", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hikkâ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil - he will strike", "*bayit*": "masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the great", "*rəsîsîm*": "masculine plural - fragments", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*bayit*": "masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the small", "*bəqîʿîm*": "masculine plural - cracks/fissures/splinters" }, "variants": { "*məṣawweh*": "commanding/ordering/instructing", "*hikkâ*": "strike/smite/hit", "*rəsîsîm*": "fragments/pieces/rubble", "*bəqîʿîm*": "cracks/fissures/splits/splinters" } }
• Amos 7:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Amos.7.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י מָֽה־אַתָּ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ עָמ֔וֹס וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲנָ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹנָ֗י הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֤ם אֲנָךְ֙ בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד עֲב֥וֹר לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlay* what-*ʾattāh* *rōʾeh* *ʿāmôs* and-*ʾōmar* *ʾănāk* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾădōnāy* *hinenî* *śām* *ʾănāk* in-*qereb* *ʿammî* *yiśrāʾēl* *lōʾ*-*ʾôsîp* *ʿôd* *ʿăbôr* for-him.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular with consecutive waw - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masc. singular pronoun - you", "*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masc. singular - seeing", "*ʿāmôs*": "proper noun - Amos", "*ʾōmar*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular with consecutive waw - and I said", "*ʾănāk*": "noun, masc. singular - plumb line/tin", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masc. singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my Lord", "*hinenî*": "demonstrative particle with 1st singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*śām*": "qal participle, masc. singular - setting/placing", "*qereb*": "noun, masc. singular construct with prefixed preposition - in midst of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masc. singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾôsîp*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will add/continue", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/again", "*ʿăbôr*": "qal infinitive construct - to pass over/by" }, "variants": { "*rōʾeh*": "seeing/perceiving/observing", "*ʾănāk*": "plumb line/tin/lead", "*śām*": "setting/placing/putting", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within", "*ʿăbôr*": "pass over/pass by/overlook" } } 9 { "verseID": "Amos.7.9", "source": "וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת יִשְׂחָ֔ק וּמִקְדְּשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ וְקַמְתִּ֛י עַל־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ פ", "text": "And-*nāšammû* *bāmôt* *yiśḥāq* and-*miqdešê* *yiśrāʾēl* *yeḥĕrābû* and-*qamtî* *ʿal*-*bêt* *yārābeʿām* with-the-*ḥāreb*.", "grammar": { "*nāšammû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd plural with consecutive waw - and they will be desolate", "*bāmôt*": "noun, fem. plural construct - high places of", "*yiśḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*miqdešê*": "noun, masc. plural construct - sanctuaries of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yeḥĕrābû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. plural - they will be laid waste", "*qamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with consecutive waw - and I will rise", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*bêt*": "noun, masc. singular construct - house of", "*yārābeʿām*": "proper noun - Jeroboam", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, fem. singular with definite article and prefixed preposition - with the sword" }, "variants": { "*nāšammû*": "be desolate/be waste/be destroyed", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/altars", "*miqdešê*": "sanctuaries/holy places/temples", "*yeḥĕrābû*": "be laid waste/be destroyed/be ruined", "*qamtî*": "rise/arise/stand" } }
• Amos 7:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Amos.7.17", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֞ בָּעִ֤יר תִּזְנֶה֙ וּבָנֶ֤יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ וְאַדְמָתְךָ֖ בַּחֶ֣בֶל תְּחֻלָּ֑ק וְאַתָּ֗ה עַל־אֲדָמָ֤ה טְמֵאָה֙ תָּמ֔וּת וְיִ֨שְׂרָאֵ֔ל גָּלֹ֥ה יִגְלֶ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "Therefore thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾištekā* in-the-*ʿîr* *tizneh* and-*bāneykā* and-*benōteykā* by-the-*ḥereb* *yippōlû* and-*ʾadmātekā* by-the-*ḥebel* *teḥullāq* and-*ʾattāh* upon-*ʾădāmāh* *ṭemēʾāh* *tāmût* and-*yiśrāʾēl* *gālōh* *yigleh* from-upon *ʾadmātô*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, in this manner", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masc. singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾištekā*": "noun, fem. singular with 2nd masc. singular suffix - your wife", "*ʿîr*": "noun, fem. singular with definite article and prefixed preposition - in the city", "*tizneh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd fem. singular - she will be a harlot", "*bāneykā*": "noun, masc. plural with 2nd masc. singular suffix - your sons", "*benōteykā*": "noun, fem. plural with 2nd masc. singular suffix - your daughters", "*ḥereb*": "noun, fem. singular with definite article and prefixed preposition - by the sword", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. plural - they will fall", "*ʾadmātekā*": "noun, fem. singular with 2nd masc. singular suffix - your land", "*ḥebel*": "noun, masc. singular with definite article and prefixed preposition - by the measuring line", "*teḥullāq*": "pual imperfect, 3rd fem. singular - it will be divided", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masc. singular pronoun - you", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, fem. singular with prefixed preposition - upon land", "*ṭemēʾāh*": "adjective, fem. singular - unclean", "*tāmût*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masc. singular - you will die", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gālōh*": "qal infinitive absolute - being exiled", "*yigleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masc. singular - he will be exiled", "*mēʿal*": "compound preposition - from upon", "*ʾadmātô*": "noun, fem. singular with 3rd masc. singular suffix - his land" }, "variants": { "*tizneh*": "be a harlot/play the prostitute/be unfaithful", "*ḥebel*": "measuring line/cord/territory", "*teḥullāq*": "be divided/be apportioned/be measured", "*ṭemēʾāh*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*gālōh* *yigleh*": "will surely be exiled/will certainly be taken captive" } }
• Amos 9:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.9.1", "source": "רָאִ֨יתִי אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֜י נִצָּ֣ב עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַ֨ךְ הַכַּפְתּ֜וֹר וְיִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ הַסִּפִּ֗ים וּבְצַ֙עַם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖ם בַּחֶ֣רֶב אֶהֱרֹ֑ג לֹֽא־יָנ֤וּס לָהֶם֙ נָ֔ס וְלֹֽא־יִמָּלֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם פָּלִֽיט׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* ʾēt-*ʾădōnāy* *niṣṣāb* *ʿal*-*hammizbēaḥ* *wayyōʾmer* *hak* *hakkaphtôr* *wəyirʿăšû* *hassippîm* *ûbəṣaʿam* *bərōʾš* *kullām* *wəʾaḥărîtām* *baḥereb* *ʾehĕrōg* *lōʾ*-*yānûs* *lāhem* *nās* *wəlōʾ*-*yimmālēṭ* *lāhem* *pālîṭ*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "1st person singular perfect - I saw", "*ʾădōnāy*": "masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my Lord", "*niṣṣāb*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - standing/positioned", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*hammizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the altar", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hak*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - strike/smite", "*hakkaphtôr*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the capital/knob", "*wəyirʿăšû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they will shake/tremble", "*hassippîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the thresholds/doorposts", "*ûbəṣaʿam*": "waw conjunction + preposition + verb infinitive + 3rd plural suffix - and cut them off", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + noun masculine construct - in/on head of", "*kullām*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*wəʾaḥărîtām*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their remainder/remnant", "*baḥereb*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - with the sword", "*ʾehĕrōg*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will kill", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yānûs*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will flee", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*nās*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one fleeing", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yimmālēṭ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will escape/be delivered", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*pālîṭ*": "noun masculine singular - escapee/fugitive" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "I saw/perceived/beheld", "*ʾădōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign", "*niṣṣāb*": "standing/positioned/stationed", "*hammizbēaḥ*": "the altar/place of sacrifice", "*hak*": "strike/smite/hit", "*hakkaphtôr*": "the capital/pillar crown/knob", "*wəyirʿăšû*": "and they will tremble/shake/quake", "*hassippîm*": "the thresholds/doorposts/lintels", "*ûbəṣaʿam*": "and cut them off/break them/shatter them", "*bərōʾš*": "on the head/top of", "*wəʾaḥărîtām*": "and their remnant/remainder/posterity", "*ʾehĕrōg*": "I will kill/slay/destroy", "*yānûs*": "he will flee/escape", "*yimmālēṭ*": "will escape/slip away/be delivered", "*pālîṭ*": "fugitive/escapee/survivor" } } 2 { "verseID": "Amos.9.2", "source": "אִם־יַחְתְּר֣וּ בִשְׁא֔וֹל מִשָּׁ֖ם יָדִ֣י תִקָּחֵ֑ם וְאִֽם־יַעֲלוּ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם מִשָּׁ֖ם אוֹרִידֵֽם׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*yaḥtərû* *bišʾôl* *miššām* *yādî* *tiqqāḥēm* *wəʾim*-*yaʿălû* *haššāmayim* *miššām* *ʾôrîdēm*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yaḥtərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they dig/bore/break through", "*bišʾôl*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in Sheol/underworld", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*yādî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*tiqqāḥēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it will take them", "*wəʾim*": "waw conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yaʿălû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they go up/ascend", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ʾôrîdēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will bring them down" }, "variants": { "*yaḥtərû*": "they dig through/burrow/break into", "*bišʾôl*": "in Sheol/the grave/the underworld", "*yādî*": "my hand/power/strength", "*tiqqāḥēm*": "it will take/seize/grasp them", "*yaʿălû*": "they ascend/climb/go up", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*ʾôrîdēm*": "I will bring them down/cause them to descend" } } 3 { "verseID": "Amos.9.3", "source": "וְאִם־יֵחָֽבְאוּ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל מִשָּׁ֥ם אֲחַפֵּ֖שׂ וּלְקַחְתִּ֑ים וְאִם־יִסָּ֨תְר֜וּ מִנֶּ֤גֶד עֵינַי֙ בְּקַרְקַ֣ע הַיָּ֔ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַנָּחָ֖שׁ וּנְשָׁכָֽם׃", "text": "*wəʾim*-*yēḥābəʾû* *bərōʾš* *hakkarmel* *miššām* *ʾăḥappēś* *ûləqaḥtîm* *wəʾim*-*yissātərû* *minneged* *ʿênay* *bəqarqaʿ* *hayyām* *miššām* *ʾăṣawweh* ʾēt-*hannāḥāš* *ûnəšākām*", "grammar": { "*wəʾim*": "waw conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yēḥābəʾû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they hide themselves", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + noun masculine construct - on top of", "*hakkarmel*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the Carmel (mountain)", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ʾăḥappēś*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will search", "*ûləqaḥtîm*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I will take them", "*wəʾim*": "waw conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yissātərû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they hide themselves", "*minneged*": "preposition - from before/from in front of", "*ʿênay*": "noun feminine dual construct + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*bəqarqaʿ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the bottom/floor of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the sea", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*hannāḥāš*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the serpent", "*ûnəšākām*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and it will bite them" }, "variants": { "*yēḥābəʾû*": "they hide themselves/conceal themselves", "*bərōʾš*": "on the top of/summit of", "*hakkarmel*": "the Carmel/the fruitful land", "*ʾăḥappēś*": "I will search/seek thoroughly", "*ûləqaḥtîm*": "and I will take/seize them", "*yissātərû*": "they hide themselves/conceal themselves", "*minneged*": "from before/from the sight of", "*bəqarqaʿ*": "in the bottom/floor/depths of", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "I will command/order", "*hannāḥāš*": "the serpent/snake/sea monster", "*ûnəšākām*": "and it will bite/sting them" } } 4 { "verseID": "Amos.9.4", "source": "וְאִם־יֵלְכ֤וּ בַשְּׁבִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיבֵיהֶ֔ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב וַהֲרָגָ֑תַם וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י עֵינִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָעָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א לְטוֹבָֽה׃", "text": "*wəʾim*-*yēləkû* *baššəbî* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêhem* *miššām* *ʾăṣawweh* ʾēt-*haḥereb* *wahărāgātam* *wəśamtî* *ʿênî* *ʿălêhem* *lərāʿāh* *wəlōʾ* *ləṭôbāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾim*": "waw conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yēləkû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they go/walk", "*baššəbî*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the captivity", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*haḥereb*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the sword", "*wahărāgātam*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and it will kill them", "*wəśamtî*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will set", "*ʿênî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my eye", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*lərāʿāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for evil/harm", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ləṭôbāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for good" }, "variants": { "*yēləkû*": "they go/walk/proceed", "*baššəbî*": "in the captivity/exile", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "I will command/order", "*haḥereb*": "the sword/weapon", "*wahărāgātam*": "and it will kill/slay them", "*wəśamtî*": "and I will set/place/fix", "*ʿênî*": "my eye/attention/watch", "*lərāʿāh*": "for evil/harm/disaster", "*ləṭôbāh*": "for good/benefit/welfare" } } 5 { "verseID": "Amos.9.5", "source": "וַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה הַצְּבָא֗וֹת הַנּוֹגֵ֤עַ בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ וַתָּמ֔וֹג וְאָבְל֖וּ כָּל־י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְעָלְתָ֤ה כַיְאֹר֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְשָׁקְעָ֖ה כִּיאֹ֥ר מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "*waʾdōnāy* *YHWH* *haṣṣəbāʾôt* *hannôgēaʿ* *bāʾāreṣ* *wattāmôg* *wəʾābəlû* *kol*-*yôšəbê* *bāh* *wəʿālətāh* *kaʾōr* *kullāh* *wəšāqəʿāh* *kîʾōr* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*waʾdōnāy*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and the Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*haṣṣəbāʾôt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*hannôgēaʿ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who touches", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - the earth/land", "*wattāmôg*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it melts", "*wəʾābəlû*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they mourn", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*yôšəbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wəʿālətāh*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it rises", "*kaʾōr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like the Nile", "*kullāh*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all of it", "*wəšāqəʿāh*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it sinks", "*kîʾōr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like the Nile of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*waʾdōnāy*": "and the Lord/Master/Sovereign", "*haṣṣəbāʾôt*": "of hosts/armies/heavenly forces", "*hannôgēaʿ*": "who touches/strikes/affects", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground", "*wattāmôg*": "and it melts/dissolves/flows away", "*wəʾābəlû*": "and they mourn/lament", "*yôšəbê*": "dwellers/inhabitants/residents", "*wəʿālətāh*": "and it rises/goes up", "*kaʾōr*": "like the Nile/river", "*wəšāqəʿāh*": "and it sinks/subsides", "*kîʾōr*": "like the Nile of" } } 6 { "verseID": "Amos.9.6", "source": "הַבּוֹנֶ֤ה בַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ *מעלותו **מַעֲלוֹתָ֔יו וַאֲגֻדָּת֖וֹ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְסָדָ֑הּ הַקֹּרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*habbôneh* *baššāmayim* *maʿălôtāyw* *waʾăguddātô* *ʿal*-*ʾereṣ* *yəsādāh* *haqqōrēʾ* *ləmê*-*hayyām* *wayyišpəkēm* *ʿal*-*pənê* *hāʾāreṣ* *YHWH* *šəmô*", "grammar": { "*habbôneh*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who builds", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the heavens", "*maʿălôtāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his upper chambers", "*waʾăguddātô*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his vault/bundle", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yəsādāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has founded it", "*haqqōrēʾ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who calls", "*ləmê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to the waters of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the sea", "*wayyišpəkēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he pours them out", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face/surface of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the earth/land", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*šəmô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*habbôneh*": "the one who builds/establishes/constructs", "*baššāmayim*": "in the heavens/sky", "*maʿălôtāyw*": "his upper chambers/stairs/steps", "*waʾăguddātô*": "and his vault/bundle/arch", "*yəsādāh*": "he has founded/established it", "*haqqōrēʾ*": "the one who calls/summons", "*ləmê*": "to the waters of", "*wayyišpəkēm*": "and he pours them out/spills them", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*šəmô*": "his name/reputation/renown" } } 7 { "verseID": "Amos.9.7", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא כִבְנֵי֩ כֻשִׁיִּ֨ים אַתֶּ֥ם לִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֶעֱלֵ֙יתִי֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּפְלִשְׁתִּיִּ֥ים מִכַּפְתּ֖וֹר וַאֲרָ֥ם מִקִּֽיר׃", "text": "*hălôʾ* *kibnê* *kûšiyyîm* *ʾattem* *lî* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *hălôʾ* ʾēt-*yiśrāʾēl* *heʿĕlêtî* *mēʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *ûpəlištiyyîm* *mikkaptôr* *waʾărām* *miqqîr*", "grammar": { "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is not", "*kibnê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - like the sons of", "*kûšiyyîm*": "proper noun masculine plural - Cushites/Ethiopians", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun 2nd masculine plural - you", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nəʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is not", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heʿĕlêtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I brought up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ûpəlištiyyîm*": "waw conjunction + proper noun masculine plural - and Philistines", "*mikkaptôr*": "preposition + proper noun - from Caphtor", "*waʾărām*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Aram/Syria", "*miqqîr*": "preposition + proper noun - from Kir" }, "variants": { "*hălôʾ*": "is not/are not", "*kibnê*": "like the sons/children/descendants of", "*kûšiyyîm*": "Cushites/Ethiopians", "*lî*": "to me/for me", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants of", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle of", "*heʿĕlêtî*": "I brought up/led up/raised", "*mēʾereṣ*": "from the land of", "*ûpəlištiyyîm*": "and the Philistines", "*mikkaptôr*": "from Caphtor/Crete", "*waʾărām*": "and Aram/Syria", "*miqqîr*": "from Kir" } } 8 { "verseID": "Amos.9.8", "source": "הִנֵּ֞ה עֵינֵ֣י ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בַּמַּמְלָכָה֙ הַֽחַטָּאָ֔ה וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔הּ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה אֶ֗פֶס כִּ֠י לֹ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֥יד אַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יַעֲקֹ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*hinnēh* *ʿênê* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *bammamləkāh* *haḥaṭṭāʾāh* *wəhišmadtî* *ʾōtāh* *mēʿal* *pənê* *hāʾădāmāh* *ʾepes* *kî* *lōʾ* *hašmêd* *ʾašmîd* ʾēt-*bêt* *yaʿăqōb* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʿênê*": "noun feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*bammamləkāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the kingdom", "*haḥaṭṭāʾāh*": "definite article + Qal participle feminine singular - the sinful", "*wəhišmadtî*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will destroy", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the ground/earth", "*ʾepes*": "adverb - howbeit/nevertheless", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hašmêd*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - destroy", "*ʾašmîd*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will destroy", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*nəʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight of", "*bammamləkāh*": "in the kingdom/realm", "*haḥaṭṭāʾāh*": "the sinful/sinning", "*wəhišmadtî*": "and I will destroy/annihilate", "*mēʿal*": "from upon/from the surface of", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "the ground/earth/land", "*ʾepes*": "howbeit/nevertheless/except", "*hašmêd* *ʾašmîd*": "utterly destroy/completely exterminate", "*bêt*": "house/household/family of", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle of" } } 9 { "verseID": "Amos.9.9", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֔ה וַהֲנִע֥וֹתִי בְכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנּ֙וֹעַ֙ בַּכְּבָרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִפּ֥וֹל צְר֖וֹר אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*kî*-*hinnēh* *ʾānōkî* *məṣawweh* *wahănîʿôtî* *bəkāl*-*haggôyim* ʾēt-*bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *kaʾăšer* *yinnôaʿ* *bakkəbārāh* *wəlōʾ*-*yippôl* *ṣərôr* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*məṣawweh*": "Piel participle masculine singular - commanding", "*wahănîʿôtî*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will shake", "*bəkāl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in all of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the nations", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*yinnôaʿ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it is shaken", "*bakkəbārāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the sieve", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yippôl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will fall", "*ṣərôr*": "noun masculine singular - pebble/kernel", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - to the ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/that", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself/me", "*məṣawweh*": "commanding/ordering", "*wahănîʿôtî*": "and I will shake/sift/agitate", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/peoples/gentiles", "*bêt*": "house/household/family of", "*yinnôaʿ*": "it is shaken/sifted/agitated", "*bakkəbārāh*": "in the sieve/screen", "*yippôl*": "it will fall/drop", "*ṣərôr*": "pebble/grain/kernel", "*ʾāreṣ*": "to the ground/earth/land" } }
• Mic 1:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Micah.1.6", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י שֹׁמְר֛וֹן לְעִ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמַטָּ֣עֵי כָ֑רֶם וְהִגַּרְתִּ֤י לַגַּי֙ אֲבָנֶ֔יהָ וִיסֹדֶ֖יהָ אֲגַלֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*śamtî* *Šōmərôn* to-*ʿî* the-*śāḏeh* to-*maṭṭāʿê* *kārem* and-*higgartî* to-the-*gay* *ʾăḇāneyhā* and-*yisōḏeyhā* *ʾăḡalleh*", "grammar": { "*śamtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I will make/set/place", "*Šōmərôn*": "proper name, feminine singular", "*ʿî*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - heap/ruin of", "*śāḏeh*": "common noun with definite article, masculine singular - the field", "*maṭṭāʿê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - plantings of", "*kārem*": "common noun, masculine singular - vineyard", "*higgartî*": "hifil perfect 1st singular - I will pour down/hurl down", "*gay*": "common noun with definite article, masculine singular - the valley", "*ʾăḇāneyhā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, feminine plural - her stones", "*yisōḏeyhā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - her foundations", "*ʾăḡalleh*": "piel imperfect 1st singular - I will uncover/expose" }, "variants": { "*śamtî*": "make/set/place/turn into", "*ʿî*": "heap/ruin/rubble", "*śāḏeh*": "field/open country/land", "*maṭṭāʿê*": "plantings/vineyard planting places", "*kārem*": "vineyard/orchard", "*higgartî*": "pour down/hurl down/tumble down", "*gay*": "valley/ravine", "*ʾăḡalleh*": "uncover/expose/lay bare" } } 7 { "verseID": "Micah.1.7", "source": "וְכָל־פְּסִילֶ֣יהָ יֻכַּ֗תּוּ וְכָל־אֶתְנַנֶּ֙יהָ֙ יִשָּׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וְכָל־עֲצַבֶּ֖יהָ אָשִׂ֣ים שְׁמָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י מֵאֶתְנַ֤ן זוֹנָה֙ קִבָּ֔צָה וְעַד־אֶתְנַ֥ן זוֹנָ֖ה יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃", "text": "And-all-*pəsîleyhā* *yukkattû* and-all-*ʾeṯnannehā* *yiśśārəp̄û* in-the-*ʾēš* and-all-*ʿăṣabbeyhā* *ʾāśîm* *šəmāmāh* because from-*ʾeṯnan* *zônāh* *qibbāṣāh* and-unto-*ʾeṯnan* *zônāh* *yāšûḇû*", "grammar": { "*pəsîleyhā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - her carved images", "*yukkattû*": "pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be shattered/broken", "*ʾeṯnannehā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - her harlot wages/gifts", "*yiśśārəp̄û*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be burned", "*ʾēš*": "common noun with definite article, feminine singular - the fire", "*ʿăṣabbeyhā*": "common noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - her idols/images", "*ʾāśîm*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make/set/place", "*šəmāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*ʾeṯnan*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - hire/wages of", "*zônāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - prostitute/harlot", "*qibbāṣāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she gathered/collected", "*yāšûḇû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will return" }, "variants": { "*pəsîleyhā*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yukkattû*": "shattered/broken/beaten to pieces", "*ʾeṯnannehā*": "harlot wages/hire/payment for prostitution", "*yiśśārəp̄û*": "burned/consumed by fire", "*ʿăṣabbeyhā*": "idols/images/figures", "*ʾāśîm*": "make/set/place/turn into", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*qibbāṣāh*": "gathered/collected/accumulated", "*yāšûḇû*": "return/turn back/revert" } } 8 { "verseID": "Micah.1.8", "source": "עַל־זֹאת֙ אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה וְאֵילִ֔ילָה אֵילְכָ֥ה שׁוֹלָ֖ל וְעָר֑וֹם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה מִסְפֵּד֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ים וְאֵ֖בֶל כִּבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "For-this *ʾespəḏāh* and-*ʾêlîlāh* *ʾêləḵāh* *šôlāl* and-*ʿārôm* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *mispēḏ* like-the-*tannîm* and-*ʾēḇel* like-*bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾespəḏāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me lament/wail", "*ʾêlîlāh*": "hifil cohortative, 1st singular - let me howl/wail", "*ʾêləḵāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go/walk", "*šôlāl*": "common noun, masculine singular - stripped/barefoot", "*ʿārôm*": "common adjective, masculine singular - naked/bare", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*mispēḏ*": "common noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing", "*tannîm*": "common noun with definite article, masculine plural - the jackals", "*ʾēḇel*": "common noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*bənôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʾespəḏāh*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*ʾêlîlāh*": "howl/wail/cry out", "*ʾêləḵāh*": "go/walk/proceed", "*šôlāl*": "stripped/barefoot/captive", "*ʿārôm*": "naked/bare/exposed", "*mispēḏ*": "lamentation/wailing/mourning ritual", "*tannîm*": "jackals/wild dogs/dragons", "*ʾēḇel*": "mourning/grief/lamentation", "*yaʿănāh*": "ostrich/owl/desert creature" } }