Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.9.2", "source": "הִרְבִּ֣יתָ הַגּ֔וֹי *לא **ל֖וֹ הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה שָׂמְח֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת בַּקָּצִ֔יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגִ֖ילוּ בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם שָׁלָֽל׃", "text": "You *hirbîtā* the *gôy* [*lō* (not)/*lô* (to him)] you *higdaltā* the *śimḥāh* they *śāməḥû* before you like *śimḥat* in the *qāṣîr* as when they *yāgîlû* in their *ḥalləqām* *šālāl*.", "grammar": { "*hirbîtā*": "verb, Hiphil, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - you have multiplied/increased", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - nation", "*lō/lô*": "textual variant - either 'not' (לא) or 'to him' (לו)", "*higdaltā*": "verb, Hiphil, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - you have made great/magnified", "*śimḥāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - joy/gladness", "*śāməḥû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they rejoiced", "*śimḥat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - joy of", "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - harvest", "*yāgîlû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they rejoice/exult", "*ḥalləqām*": "verb, Piel, infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their dividing", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - spoil/plunder" }, "variants": { "*hirbîtā*": "multiplied/increased/made numerous", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*lō/lô*": "textual uncertainty - either 'not' or 'to him'", "*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/mirth", "*yāgîlû*": "rejoice/exult/be glad", "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder/booty" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Matt 4:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Matthew.4.16", "source": "Ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει εἶδεν φῶς μέγα· καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς.", "text": "The *laos ho kathēmenos* in *skotei eiden phōs mega*; and to the ones *kathēmenois* in *chōra* and *skia thanatou phōs aneteilen autois*.", "grammar": { "*laos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - people", "*ho kathēmenos*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - the one sitting/dwelling", "*skotei*": "dative, neuter, singular - darkness [object of preposition]", "*eiden*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - saw", "*phōs*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*mega*": "accusative, neuter, singular - great", "*kathēmenois*": "present middle participle, dative, masculine, plural - to the ones sitting/dwelling", "*chōra*": "dative, feminine, singular - region/country [object of preposition]", "*skia*": "dative, feminine, singular - shadow [object of preposition]", "*thanatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of death", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*aneteilen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - rose/dawned", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to them" }, "variants": { "*laos*": "people/nation/population", "*kathēmenos*": "sitting/dwelling/residing", "*skotei*": "darkness/gloom", "*eiden*": "saw/perceived", "*phōs*": "light/radiance", "*mega*": "great/large/intense", "*chōra*": "region/country/land", "*skia*": "shadow/shade", "*thanatou*": "of death/mortality", "*aneteilen*": "rose/dawned/shone forth" } }
  • Eph 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.8", "source": "Ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος, νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ: ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε:", "text": "*Ēte gar pote skotos*, *nyn de phōs* in *Kyriō*: as *tekna phōtos peripateite*", "grammar": { "*Ēte*": "imperfect, indicative, 2nd plural - you were", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly", "*skotos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*Kyriō*": "dative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*tekna*": "nominative, neuter, plural - children", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*peripateite*": "present imperative, active, 2nd plural - walk/conduct yourselves [continuous command]" }, "variants": { "*Ēte*": "you were", "*pote*": "once/formerly/at one time", "*skotos*": "darkness/obscurity", "*phōs*": "light/illumination", "*Kyriō*": "Lord/Master", "*tekna*": "children/offspring", "*peripateite*": "walk/live/conduct yourselves" } }
  • Luke 1:78-79 : 78 { "verseID": "Luke.1.78", "source": "Διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους Θεοῦ ἡμῶν· ἐν οἷς ἐπεσκέψατο ἡμᾶς ἀνατολὴ ἐξ ὕψους,", "text": "Through *splanchna* of *eleous* of *Theou* our; in which *epeskepsato* us *anatolē* from *hypsous*,", "grammar": { "*Dia*": "preposition with accusative - through/because of", "*splanchna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - bowels/inward parts/tender mercies", "*eleous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of mercy", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*ἡμῶν*": "genitive, first person, plural pronoun - our", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*hois*": "dative, relative pronoun, neuter, plural - in which/whereby", "*epeskepsato*": "aorist, indicative, middle, 3rd person, singular - visited/looked upon", "*hēmas*": "accusative, first person, plural pronoun - us", "*anatolē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - dayspring/rising/east", "*ex*": "preposition with genitive - from/out of", "*hypsous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - height/high place" }, "variants": { "*splanchna*": "bowels/inward parts/heart/tender mercies/compassion", "*eleous*": "mercy/compassion/pity", "*epeskepsato*": "visited/looked upon/attended to/cared for", "*anatolē*": "dayspring/rising (of sun or stars)/east/dawn/branch" } } 79 { "verseID": "Luke.1.79", "source": "Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις, τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.", "text": "To *epiphanai* to the ones in *skotei* and *skia* of *thanatou* *kathēmenois*, of the *kateuthynai* the *podas* our into *hodon* of *eirēnēs*.", "grammar": { "*epiphanai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to give light/to shine upon", "*tois*": "dative, masculine, plural, article - to the ones", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*skotei*": "dative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*skia*": "dative, feminine, singular - shadow", "*thanatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of death", "*kathēmenois*": "present, middle, participle, dative, masculine, plural - sitting/dwelling", "*tou*": "genitive, article with infinitive expressing purpose - to/in order to", "*kateuthynai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to guide/direct/make straight", "*tous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, article - the", "*podas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - feet", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, first person, plural pronoun - our", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - into/toward", "*hodon*": "accusative, feminine, singular - way/path/road/journey", "*eirēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of peace" }, "variants": { "*epiphanai*": "to shine upon/give light/appear/be manifested", "*skotei*": "darkness/obscurity", "*skia*": "shadow/shade/dark place", "*kathēmenois*": "sitting/dwelling/remaining", "*kateuthynai*": "to guide/direct/make straight", "*hodon*": "way/path/road/journey", "*eirēnēs*": "peace/harmony/security/safety" } }
  • Luke 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Luke.2.32", "source": "Φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν Ἐθνῶν, καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ.", "text": "*Phōs* for *apokalypsin* of *Ethnōn*, and *doxan* of *laou* of you *Israēl*.", "grammar": { "*Phōs*": "nominative/accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*apokalypsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*Ethnōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of Gentiles/nations", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor", "*laou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of people/nation", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine - of Israel" }, "variants": { "*Phōs*": "light/illumination", "*apokalypsin*": "revelation/disclosure/unveiling", "*Ethnōn*": "Gentiles/nations/non-Jews", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*laou*": "people/nation/populace" } }
  • John 8:12 : 12 { "verseID": "John.8.12", "source": "¶Πάλιν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς αὐτοῖς ἐλάλησεν, λέγων, Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου: ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ οὐ μὴ περιπατήσει ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, ἀλλʼ ἕξει τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς.", "text": "*Palin* *oun* *Iēsous* to them *elalēsen*, *legōn*, I *eimi* the *phōs* of the *kosmou*: the one *akolouthōn* me *ou mē* *peripatēsei* in the *skotia*, but *hexei* the *phōs* of the *zōēs*.", "grammar": { "*Palin*": "adverb - again/once more", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*elalēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - spoke", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - I am", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of world", "*akolouthōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - following", "*ou mē*": "strong double negative - certainly not", "*peripatēsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will walk", "*skotia*": "dative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*hexei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will have", "*zōēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of life" }, "variants": { "*elalēsen*": "spoke/said/talked", "*phōs*": "light/illumination", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/cosmos", "*akolouthōn*": "following/accompanying/adhering to", "*peripatēsei*": "will walk/conduct oneself/live", "*skotia*": "darkness/gloom/ignorance", "*hexei*": "will have/possess/hold", "*zōēs*": "life/existence" } }
  • Job 10:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Job.10.21", "source": "בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֵ֭לֵךְ וְלֹ֣א אָשׁ֑וּב אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃", "text": "before *ʾēlēk* and not *ʾāšûb* to *ʾereṣ* *ḥōšek* and *ṣalmāwet*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlēk*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I go", "*ʾāšûb*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I return", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death" }, "variants": { "*ʾēlēk*": "I go/I depart", "*ʾāšûb*": "I return/I come back", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/gloom" } }
  • John 12:46 : 46 { "verseID": "John.12.46", "source": "Ἐγὼ φῶς εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐλήλυθα, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ μὴ μείνῃ.", "text": "I *phōs* into the *kosmon* have *elēlytha*, that everyone the one *pisteuōn* in *eme* in the *skotia* not may *meinē*.", "grammar": { "*phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - light", "*kosmon*": "accusative masculine singular - world/universe", "*elēlytha*": "perfect active indicative, 1st person singular - have come", "*pisteuōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - believing/trusting", "*eme*": "accusative 1st person singular pronoun - me", "*skotia*": "dative feminine singular - darkness", "*meinē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might remain/abide" }, "variants": { "*phōs*": "light/illumination/radiance", "*kosmon*": "world/universe/ordered system", "*elēlytha*": "have come/arrived/appeared", "*pisteuōn*": "believing/trusting/having faith in", "*skotia*": "darkness/gloom/absence of light", "*meinē*": "might remain/abide/continue/stay" } }
  • Ps 23:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.23.4", "source": "גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־אֵלֵ֨ךְ בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת לֹא־אִ֘ירָ֤א רָ֗ע כִּי־אַתָּ֥ה עִמָּדִ֑י שִׁבְטְךָ֥ וּ֝מִשְׁעַנְתֶּ֗ךָ הֵ֣מָּה יְנַֽחֲמֻֽנִי׃", "text": "*Gam kî-'ēlēk begê' ṣalmāwet lō'-'îrā' rā' kî-'attāh 'immādî*; *šibṭekā ûmiš'antekā hēmmāh yenaḥamunî*.", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/though/if", "*'ēlēk*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I walk/go", "*begê'*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in valley of", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine, singular - deep darkness/shadow of death", "*lō'-'îrā'*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will not fear", "*rā'*": "noun, masculine, singular - evil/harm", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'attāh*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*'immādî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*šibṭekā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your rod/staff", "*ûmiš'antekā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your staff/support", "*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*yenaḥamunî*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they comfort/console me" }, "variants": { "*gê' ṣalmāwet*": "valley of deep shadow/valley of the shadow of death/dark valley", "*'îrā'*": "I will fear/I will be afraid", "*rā'*": "evil/harm/misfortune/disaster", "*šibṭekā*": "your rod/your staff/your scepter", "*miš'antekā*": "your staff/your support/your walking stick", "*yenaḥamunî*": "they comfort me/they console me/they give me courage" } }
  • Ps 107:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.107.10", "source": "יֹ֭שְׁבֵי חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָ֑וֶת אֲסִירֵ֖י עֳנִ֣י וּבַרְזֶֽל", "text": "*yōšᵊbê* *ḥōšek* and-*ṣalmāwet* *ʾăsîrê* *ʿŏnî* and-*barzel*", "grammar": { "*yōšᵊbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/those who sit in", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed conjunction waw - and shadow of death/deep darkness", "*ʾăsîrê*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural construct - prisoners of/bound ones of", "*ʿŏnî*": "noun, masculine singular - affliction/misery", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed conjunction waw - and iron" }, "variants": { "*yōšᵊbê*": "dwellers of/those who sit in/inhabitants of", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ṣalmāwet*": "shadow of death/deep darkness/gloom", "*ʾăsîrê*": "prisoners of/bound ones of", "*ʿŏnî*": "affliction/misery/poverty/suffering", "*barzel*": "iron/fetters/chains" } }
  • Isa 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.1", "source": "הָעָם֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ רָא֖וּ א֣וֹר גָּד֑וֹל יֹשְׁבֵי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צַלְמָ֔וֶת א֖וֹר נָגַ֥הּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "The *ʿām* the *hōləḵîm* in *ḥōšeḵ* *rāʾû* *ʾôr* *gāḏôl* *yōšəḇê* in *ʾereṣ* *ṣalmāwet* *ʾôr* *nāgah* upon them.", "grammar": { "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - people", "*hōləḵîm*": "participle, Qal, masculine, plural - walking/going", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - darkness", "*rāʾû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they saw", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - light", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - great", "*yōšəḇê*": "participle, Qal, masculine, plural, construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - land of", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - deep darkness/shadow of death", "*nāgah*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - shone/dawned" }, "variants": { "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*hōləḵîm*": "walking/going/living", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/death-shadow", "*nāgah*": "to shine/to dawn/to give light" } }
  • Isa 50:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.50.10", "source": "מִ֤י בָכֶם֙ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁמֵ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל עַבְדּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ הָלַ֣ךְ חֲשֵׁכִ֗ים וְאֵ֥ין נֹ֙גַהּ֙ ל֔וֹ יִבְטַח֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וְיִשָּׁעֵ֖ן בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "Who among you *yərēʾ* *YHWH*, *šōmēaʿ* in *qôl* his *ʿaḇdô*, who has *hālaḵ* *ḥăšēḵîm* and no *nōgah* to him? Let him *yiḇṭaḥ* in *šēm* *YHWH* and let him *yiššāʿēn* in his *ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*yərēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - fearing/in fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*šōmēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - hearing/listening to", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*hālaḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he walked", "*ḥăšēḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - darkness/dark places", "*nōgah*": "noun, masculine singular - brightness/light", "*yiḇṭaḥ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let him trust", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name", "*yiššāʿēn*": "niphal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let him lean/rely", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God" }, "variants": { "*yərēʾ*": "fearing/in fear of/revering", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearing/listening to/obeying", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*hālaḵ*": "he walked/he went/he proceeded", "*ḥăšēḵîm*": "darkness/dark places/gloom", "*nōgah*": "brightness/light/radiance", "*yiḇṭaḥ*": "let him trust/let him rely/let him have confidence", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*yiššāʿēn*": "let him lean/let him rely/let him support himself", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his God/his deity" } }
  • Isa 60:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.1", "source": "ק֥וּמִי א֖וֹרִי כִּ֣י בָ֣א אוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה עָלַ֥יִךְ זָרָֽח׃", "text": "*qûmî* *ʾôrî* *kî* *bāʾ* *ʾôrēk* *û-ḵəḇôḏ* *YHWH* *ʿālayik* *zārāḥ*", "grammar": { "*qûmî*": "imperative, feminine singular - rise/arise", "*ʾôrî*": "imperative, feminine singular - shine/be bright", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come", "*ʾôrēk*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your light", "*û-ḵəḇôḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and glory of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, proper noun", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you", "*zārāḥ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has risen/shone" }, "variants": { "*qûmî*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*ʾôrî*": "shine/become light/be illuminated", "*kî*": "because/for/when/that", "*bāʾ*": "has come/has arrived/has entered", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/brightness/enlightenment", "*kəḇôḏ*": "glory/honor/splendor/abundance", "*zārāḥ*": "has risen/has shone/has appeared/has dawned" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.2", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃", "text": "*kî-hinnēh* *ha-ḥōšek* *yəḵasseh-ʾereṣ* *wa-ʿărāp̄el* *ləʾummîm* *wə-ʿālayik* *yizraḥ* *YHWH* *û-ḵəḇôḏô* *ʿālayik* *yērāʾeh*", "grammar": { "*kî-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - for behold", "*ha-ḥōšek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the darkness", "*yəḵasseh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will cover", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*wa-ʿărāp̄el*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness", "*ləʾummîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*wə-ʿālayik*": "conjunction + preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - but upon you", "*yizraḥ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will arise/shine", "*YHWH*": "divine name, proper noun", "*û-ḵəḇôḏô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his glory", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you", "*yērāʾeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - will be seen/will appear" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity/gloom", "*yəḵasseh*": "will cover/will conceal/will hide", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/deep gloom/heavy cloud", "*ləʾummîm*": "peoples/nations/communities", "*yizraḥ*": "will arise/will shine/will appear/will dawn", "*kəḇôḏ*": "glory/honor/splendor/abundance", "*yērāʾeh*": "will be seen/will appear/will become visible/will be revealed" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.3", "source": "וְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*wə-hālḵû* *gôyim* *lə-ʾôrēḵ* *û-məlāḵîm* *lə-nōḡah* *zarḥēḵ*", "grammar": { "*wə-hālḵû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will walk/come", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/gentiles", "*lə-ʾôrēḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to your light", "*û-məlāḵîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and kings", "*lə-nōḡah*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the brightness of", "*zarḥēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your rising/shining" }, "variants": { "*hālḵû*": "will walk/will come/will go/will proceed", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples/foreigners", "*ʾôr*": "light/brightness/illumination/daylight", "*məlāḵîm*": "kings/rulers/sovereigns", "*nōḡah*": "brightness/radiance/splendor/shining", "*zarḥēḵ*": "your rising/your shining/your dawning" } }
  • Isa 60:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.60.19", "source": "לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֨ךְ ע֤וֹד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם וּלְנֹ֕גַהּ הַיָּרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֣יר לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָה־לָ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ לְא֣וֹר עוֹלָ֔ם וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ לְתִפְאַרְתֵּֽךְ", "text": "Not *yihyeh* to you yet the *šemeš* for *ʾôr* by day, and for *nōgah* the *yārēaḥ* not *yāʾîr* to you; and *hāyâ* to you *YHWH* for *ʾôr* *ʿôlām*, and your *ʾelōhayik* for your *tipʾartēk*.", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular, absolute - sun", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - light", "*nōgah*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - brightness/light", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - moon", "*yāʾîr*": "verb, hiphil, imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will give light/shine", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal, perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - will be", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - everlasting/eternity", "*ʾelōhayik*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your God", "*tipʾartēk*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/illumination", "*nōgah*": "brightness/light/radiance", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/eternal/perpetual/ancient", "*tipʾartēk*": "your glory/your beauty/your ornament/your splendor" } }
  • 1 Pet 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Peter.2.9", "source": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ γένος ἐκλεκτόν, βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα, ἔθνος ἅγιον, λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν· ὅπως τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐξαγγείλητε τοῦ ἐκ σκότους ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν αὐτοῦ φῶς:", "text": "*Hymeis de genos eklekton*, *basileion hierateuma*, *ethnos hagion*, *laos eis peripoiēsin*; *hopōs tas aretas exangeilēte tou ek skotous hymas kalesantos eis to thaumaston autou phōs*:", "grammar": { "*Hymeis*": "pronoun, 2nd person plural nominative - you", "*de*": "particle - but/and", "*genos*": "noun, neuter singular nominative - race/family/kind", "*eklekton*": "adjective, neuter singular nominative - chosen/elect", "*basileion*": "adjective, neuter singular nominative - royal", "*hierateuma*": "noun, neuter singular nominative - priesthood", "*ethnos*": "noun, neuter singular nominative - nation/people", "*hagion*": "adjective, neuter singular nominative - holy", "*laos*": "noun, masculine singular nominative - people", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/unto", "*peripoiēsin*": "noun, feminine singular accusative - possession/acquisition", "*hopōs*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*tas aretas*": "noun with article, feminine plural accusative - the virtues/excellencies", "*exangeilēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you may proclaim/declare", "*tou kalesantos*": "aorist active participle with article, masculine singular genitive - of the one who called", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - out of/from", "*skotous*": "noun, neuter singular genitive - darkness", "*hymas*": "pronoun, 2nd person plural accusative - you", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/unto", "*to thaumaston*": "adjective with article, neuter singular accusative - the marvelous/wonderful", "*autou*": "pronoun, masculine singular genitive - his", "*phōs*": "noun, neuter singular accusative - light" }, "variants": { "*genos*": "race/family/kind/generation", "*eklekton*": "chosen/elect/selected", "*basileion*": "royal/kingly", "*hierateuma*": "priesthood/body of priests", "*ethnos*": "nation/people/tribe", "*hagion*": "holy/set apart", "*laos*": "people/nation", "*peripoiēsin*": "possession/acquisition/God's own possession", "*aretas*": "virtues/excellencies/praises", "*exangeilēte*": "may proclaim/declare/publish abroad", "*kalesantos*": "who called/who summoned", "*skotous*": "darkness/obscurity", "*thaumaston*": "marvelous/wonderful/amazing", "*phōs*": "light/illumination" } }
  • 1 John 1:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "1 John.1.5", "source": "Καὶ αὕτη ἔστιν ἡ ἀγγελία ἣν ἀκηκόαμεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν, καὶ σκοτία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεμία.", "text": "And this *estin* the *angelia* which we have *akēkoamen* from him, and *anangellomen* to you, that the *Theos* *phōs* *estin*, and *skotia* in him not *estin* not any.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*angelia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - message/announcement", "*akēkoamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have heard [completed action with present relevance]", "*anangellomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we announce/declare [ongoing action]", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*skotia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - darkness", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*oudemia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - not one/none at all [emphatic negation]" }, "variants": { "*estin*": "is/exists/consists of", "*angelia*": "message/announcement/proclamation", "*akēkoamen*": "have heard/listened to/received by hearing", "*anangellomen*": "announce/declare/proclaim/report", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*phōs*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*skotia*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*oudemia*": "none/no/not any/not at all [emphatic negation]" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 John.1.6", "source": "Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τῷ σκότει περιπατῶμεν, ψευδόμεθα, καὶ οὐ ποιοῦμεν τὴν ἀλήθειαν:", "text": "If we *eipōmen* that *koinōnian* we *echomen* with him, and in the *skotei* we *peripatōmen*, we *pseudometha*, and not we *poioumen* the *alētheian*:", "grammar": { "*eipōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might say/claim [potential action]", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/participation", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*skotei*": "dative, neuter, singular - darkness [locative use]", "*peripatōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might walk/conduct ourselves [potential ongoing action]", "*pseudometha*": "present, 1st plural, middle - we lie/speak falsely [ongoing action]", "*poioumen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we do/perform/practice [ongoing action]", "*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth [direct object]" }, "variants": { "*eipōmen*": "might say/declare/claim", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*skotei*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance/evil", "*peripatōmen*": "walk/conduct ourselves/live/behave", "*pseudometha*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*poioumen*": "do/practice/perform/accomplish", "*alētheian*": "truth/reality/genuineness" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 John.1.7", "source": "Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατῶμεν, ὡς αὐτός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ φωτί, κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετʼ ἀλλήλων, καὶ τὸ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαρίζει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "If *de* in the *phōti* we *peripatōmen*, as he *estin* in the *phōti*, *koinōnian* we *echomen* with *allēlōn*, and the *haima* of *Iēsou Christou* the *Huiou* of him *katharizei* us from all *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/moreover [connecting with contrast]", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light [locative use]", "*peripatōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might walk/conduct ourselves [potential ongoing action]", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*koinōnian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*allēlōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - one another/each other", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Christ/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Son", "*katharizei*": "present, 3rd singular, active - cleanses/purifies [ongoing action]", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - sin" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/moreover/yet [contrasting]", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/radiance/truth", "*peripatōmen*": "walk/conduct ourselves/live/behave", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains", "*koinōnian*": "fellowship/communion/participation/partnership/sharing", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*allēlōn*": "one another/each other/mutually", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*Iēsou*": "Jesus [personal name]", "*Christou*": "Christ/Messiah/Anointed One", "*Huiou*": "Son/descendant/offspring", "*katharizei*": "cleanses/purifies/makes clean", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/error/failure" } }
  • Eph 5:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.13", "source": "Τὰ δὲ πάντα ἐλεγχόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ φωτὸς φανεροῦται: πᾶν γάρ τό φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστίν.", "text": "But the *panta elegchomena* by the *phōtos phaneroutai*: *pan gar* the *phaneroumenon phōs estin*", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things", "*elegchomena*": "present participle, passive, nominative, neuter, plural - being exposed/reproved", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*phaneroutai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - is made manifest/revealed", "*pan*": "nominative, neuter, singular - everything/all", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*phaneroumenon*": "present participle, passive, nominative, neuter, singular - being manifested/revealed", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*estin*": "present, indicative, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*elegchomena*": "being exposed/reproved/convicted", "*phōtos*": "light/illumination", "*phaneroutai*": "is made manifest/revealed/brought to light", "*phaneroumenon*": "being manifested/revealed/brought to light", "*phōs*": "light/illumination" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.14", "source": "Διὸ λέγει, Ἔγειραι ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός.", "text": "*Dio legei*, *Egeirai* the *katheudōn*, and *anasta* from the *nekrōn*, and *epiphausei* to you the *Christos*", "grammar": { "*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason", "*legei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*Egeirai*": "aorist imperative, middle, 2nd singular - awake/arise [command]", "*katheudōn*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - sleeping one", "*anasta*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd singular - rise up/stand up [command]", "*nekrōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of dead ones", "*epiphausei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - will shine upon", "*Christos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Christ" }, "variants": { "*Dio*": "therefore/wherefore/for this reason", "*legei*": "says/speaks/it says", "*Egeirai*": "awake/arise", "*katheudōn*": "sleeping one/sleeper", "*anasta*": "rise up/stand up", "*nekrōn*": "dead ones/dead", "*epiphausei*": "will shine upon/will give light to", "*Christos*": "Christ/Anointed One" } }
  • John 12:35 : 35 { "verseID": "John.12.35", "source": "Εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον τὸ φῶς μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἐστιν. Περιπατεῖτε ἕως τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ: καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει.", "text": "*Eipen* therefore to them the *Iēsous*, Yet a *mikron* *chronon* the *phōs* with you *estin*. *Peripateite* while the *phōs* you *echete*, that not *skotia* you might *katalabē*; and the one *peripatōn* in the *skotia* not *oiden* where he *hypagei*.", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - said/spoke", "*Iēsous*": "nominative masculine singular - Jesus", "*mikron*": "accusative neuter singular - small/little", "*chronon*": "accusative masculine singular - time/period", "*phōs*": "nominative neuter singular - light", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*Peripateite*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - walk/conduct yourselves", "*echete*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you have/possess", "*skotia*": "nominative feminine singular - darkness", "*katalabē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might overtake/seize", "*peripatōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - walking/conducting oneself", "*skotia*": "dative feminine singular - darkness", "*oiden*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - knows/understands", "*hypagei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - goes/departs" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*Iēsous*": "Jesus", "*mikron*": "small/little/brief", "*chronon*": "time/period/duration", "*phōs*": "light/radiance/illumination", "*estin*": "is/exists/is present", "*Peripateite*": "walk/conduct yourselves/live", "*echete*": "have/possess/hold", "*skotia*": "darkness/gloom/absence of light", "*katalabē*": "overtake/seize/grasp/overcome", "*peripatōn*": "walking/going/conducting oneself", "*oiden*": "knows/understands/comprehends", "*hypagei*": "goes/departs/proceeds/leaves" } }
  • Amos 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Amos.5.8", "source": "עֹשֵׂ֨ה כִימָ֜ה וּכְסִ֗יל וְהֹפֵ֤ךְ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ צַלְמָ֔וֶת וְי֖וֹם לַ֣יְלָה הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ הַקּוֹרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*ʿōśēh* *khîmāh* and-*khəsîl* and-*hōphēkh* *la-bōqer* *ṣalmāwet*, and-*yôm* *laylāh* *heḥshîkh*; *ha-qôrēʾ* *lə-mê-ha-yām* and-*yishpəkhēm* upon-face-of *hā-ʾāreṣ*; *YHWH* *shəmô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - making/doing", "*khîmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - Pleiades (star cluster)", "*khəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - Orion (constellation)", "*hōphēkh*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - turning", "*la-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the morning", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*heḥshîkh*": "perfect, hiphil, 3rd masculine singular - he darkens", "*ha-qôrēʾ*": "definite article + participle, qal, masculine singular - the one calling", "*lə-mê-ha-yām*": "preposition + construct plural + definite article + noun - to waters of the sea", "*yishpəkhēm*": "imperfect consecutive, qal, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he pours them out", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*shəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*khîmāh*": "Pleiades/Seven Stars", "*khəsîl*": "Orion/fool (constellation name)", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death", "*heḥshîkh*": "darkens/makes dark", "*qôrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/inviting", "*yishpəkhēm*": "pours them out/spills them" } }
  • Mic 7:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Micah.7.8", "source": "אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י אֹיַ֙בְתִּי֙ לִ֔י כִּ֥י נָפַ֖לְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי כִּֽי־אֵשֵׁ֣ב בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ יְהוָ֖ה א֥וֹר לִֽי׃", "text": "Not *tiśməḥî* my *ʾōyabtî* to me, for *nāpaltî* *qāmtî*; for-when *ʾēšēb* in-*ḥōšek*, *YHWH* *ʾôr* to me.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tiśməḥî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - rejoice", "*ʾōyabtî*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - over me/against me", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/when/because", "*nāpaltî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have fallen", "*qāmtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have risen/will rise", "*ʾēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I sit/dwell", "*ba-ḥōšek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the darkness", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular noun - light", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to/for me" }, "variants": { "*tiśməḥî*": "rejoice/be happy/gloat", "*ʾōyabtî*": "my enemy/my adversary (feminine)", "*nāpaltî*": "I have fallen/I fell", "*qāmtî*": "I have risen/I will rise/I stand up", "*ʾēšēb*": "I sit/dwell/remain", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity" } } 9 { "verseID": "Micah.7.9", "source": "זַ֤עַף יְהוָה֙ אֶשָּׂ֔א כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אתִי ל֑וֹ עַד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֤יב רִיבִי֙ וְעָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁפָּטִ֔י יוֹצִיאֵ֣נִי לָא֔וֹר אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Zaʿap* *YHWH* *ʾeśśāʾ*, for *ḥāṭāʾtî* to him, until *ʾăšer* *yārîb* my *rîbî* and *ʿāśāh* my *mišpāṭî*; he *yôṣîʾēnî* to the-*ʾôr*, *ʾerʾeh* in-his *ṣidqātô*.", "grammar": { "*zaʿap*": "masculine singular construct noun - indignation/rage of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will bear", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he pleads/contends", "*rîbî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my case/cause", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he executes/performs", "*mišpāṭî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my justice/judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will bring me out", "*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the light", "*ʾerʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will see", "*bə-ṣidqātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his righteousness" }, "variants": { "*zaʿap*": "indignation/rage/anger/wrath", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I will bear/endure/carry", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/offended/done wrong", "*yārîb rîbî*": "he will plead my case/contend for my cause/defend my right", "*ʿāśāh mišpāṭî*": "he executes my justice/performs my judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "he will bring me out/lead me forth", "*ṣidqātô*": "his righteousness/justice/vindication" } }
  • Ps 107:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.107.14", "source": "יֽ֭וֹצִיאֵם מֵחֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָ֑וֶת וּמוֹסְר֖וֹתֵיהֶ֣ם יְנַתֵּֽק", "text": "*yôṣîʾēm* from-*ḥōšek* and-*ṣalmāwet* and-*môsᵊrôtêhem* *yᵊnattēq*", "grammar": { "*yôṣîʾēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he brought them out", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition min - from darkness", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed conjunction waw - and shadow of death/deep darkness", "*môsᵊrôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - and their bonds/fetters", "*yᵊnattēq*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he broke/tore apart" }, "variants": { "*yôṣîʾēm*": "he brought them out/led them out", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ṣalmāwet*": "shadow of death/deep darkness/gloom", "*môsᵊrôtêhem*": "their bonds/fetters/chains/cords", "*yᵊnattēq*": "he broke/tore apart/snapped" } }