Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.28.8", "source": "הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֧וּ לְפָנַ֛י וּלְפָנֶ֖יךָ מִן־הָֽעוֹלָ֑ם וַיִּנָּ֨בְא֜וּ אֶל־אֲרָצ֤וֹת רַבּוֹת֙ וְעַל־מַמְלָכ֣וֹת גְּדֹל֔וֹת לְמִלְחָמָ֖ה וּלְרָעָ֥ה וּלְדָֽבֶר", "text": "The-*nəbîʾîm* who *hāyû* before-me and-before-you from-the-*ʿôlām* *wa-yinnābəʾû* to-*ʾărāṣôt* *rabbôt* and-against-*mamlākôt* *gədōlôt* for-*milḥāmâ* and-for-*rāʿâ* and-for-*dāber*", "grammar": { "*nəbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient time/long ago", "*wa-yinnābəʾû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they prophesied", "*ʾărāṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - lands/countries", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many/great", "*mamlākôt*": "noun, feminine plural - kingdoms", "*gədōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - great/large", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster/calamity", "*dāber*": "noun, masculine singular - plague/pestilence" }, "variants": { "*nəbîʾîm*": "prophets/seers/those who speak for God", "*ʿôlām*": "ancient time/antiquity/long duration", "*ʾărāṣôt*": "lands/countries/territories", "*rabbôt*": "many/numerous/great", "*mamlākôt*": "kingdoms/realms/dominions", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/conflict", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/calamity/distress/misfortune", "*dāber*": "plague/pestilence/disease" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Profetene som var før meg og før deg, fra gamle tider, profeterte mot mange land og store riker, om krig og ulykke og pest.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  De profetene som var før meg og før deg fra gammel tid, profeterte mot mange land og store riker, både om krig, ondskap og pest.

• Norsk King James

  Profetene som har vært før meg og før deg, har profetert både mot mange land og mot store kongeriker, om krig og om ondskap og om pest.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Profetene som har vært før meg og før deg, i tidligere tider, de har profetert mot mange land og store riker om krig, ulykke og pest.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Profetene som var før meg og før deg fra gammelt av, talte både mot mange land og mot store riker, om krig, om ondskap og om pest.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Profetene som var før meg og før deg i gamle dager, profeterte både mot mange land og mot store riker, om krig, om ondskap og om pest.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  De profetene som kom før meg og deg i eldgamle tider, profeterte mot mange land og store kongedømmer om krig, ondskap og pest.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Profetene som var før meg og før deg i gamle dager, profeterte både mot mange land og mot store riker, om krig, om ondskap og om pest.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  De profeter som har vært før meg og før deg, siden eldgamle tider, har profetert mot mange land og store riker om krig og ulykke og pest.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The prophets who came before me and you from ancient times prophesied against many nations and great kingdoms of war, disaster, and plague.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De profetene som var før meg og før deg fra gammelt av, profeterte om krig, ulykke og pest mot mange land og store kongeriker.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Propheterne, som have været før mig og før dig fra fordum (Tid), de have spaaet mod mange Lande og mod store Riger om Krig og om Ulykke og om Pestilentse.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The prophets that have been before me and before thee of old prophesied both against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  De profetene som har vært før meg og før deg, profeterte mot mange land og mot store riker, om krig, om ondskap og om pest.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  The prophets who have been before me and before you of old prophesied against many countries and against great kingdoms, of war, of evil, and of pestilence.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The prophets that have been before me and before thee of old prophesied both against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  De profetene som var før meg og før deg fra gammel tid, profeterte mot mange land og mot store riker, om krig og ulykker og pest.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Profetene som har vært før meg og før deg, fra gammelt av, profeterte også mot mange land og store riker, om krig, ulykke og pest.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Profetene som har vært før meg og før deg fra gammelt av, profeterte mot mange land og mot store kongeriker, om krig og om ondskap og om pest.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Profetene som var før meg og før deg, fra opphavet, forkynte til mange land og store riker om krig, ulykke og sykdom.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The prophetes that were before vs in tymes past, which prophecied of warre, or trouble, or pestilence,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The Prophets that haue beene before mee and before thee in time past, prophecied against many countreyes, and against great kingdomes, of warre, and of plagues, and of pestilence.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The prophetes that were before vs in tyme past, which prophecied of warre, or trouble, or pestilence,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  The prophets that have been before me and before thee of old prophesied both against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The prophets who have been before me and before you of old prophesied against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  The prophets who have been before me, and before thee, from of old, even they prophesy concerning many lands, and concerning great kingdoms, of battle, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The prophets that have been before me and before thee of old prophesied against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The prophets, who were before me and before you, from early times gave word to a number of countries and great kingdoms about war and destruction and disease.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The prophets who have been before me and before you of old prophesied against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  From earliest times, the prophets who preceded you and me invariably prophesied war, disaster, and plagues against many countries and great kingdoms.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 17:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Kings.17.1", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֜י מִתֹּשָׁבֵ֣י גִלְעָד֮ אֶל־אַחְאָב֒ חַי־יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָמַ֣דְתִּי לְפָנָ֔יו אִם־יִהְיֶ֛ה הַשָּׁנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה טַ֣ל וּמָטָ֑ר כִּ֖י אִם־לְפִ֥י דְבָרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾēliyyāhû* the *tiššbî* from *tōšāḇê* *gilʿād* to *ʾaḥʾāḇ*, *ḥay-yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* whom *ʿāmaḏtî* before *lǝpānāyw*, if *yihyeh* the *ššānîm* the *hāʾēlleh* *ṭal* and *māṭār* except by *pî* *ḏǝḇārî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*tiššbî*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the Tishbite", "*tōšāḇê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*ʾaḥʾāḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahab", "*ḥay-yhwh*": "adjective construct + divine name - living (is) YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*ʿāmaḏtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have stood", "*lǝpānāyw*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*ššānîm*": "noun with definite article, feminine plural - the years", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - these", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - dew", "*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ḏǝḇārî*": "noun + 1st singular suffix - my word" }, "variants": { "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "Elijah/My God is YHWH", "*tiššbî*": "Tishbite/inhabitant of Tishbe", "*ḥay-yhwh*": "As YHWH lives/by the life of YHWH (oath formula)", "*ʿāmaḏtî*": "I have stood/I serve", "*lǝpānāyw*": "before him/in his presence", "*yihyeh*": "there will be/there shall be", "*ṭal*": "dew/moisture", "*pî*": "mouth/command", "*ḏǝḇārî*": "my word/my command" } }
• Amos 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Amos.1.2", "source": "וַיֹּאמַ֓ר ׀ יְהוָה֙ מִצִיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֔ג וּמִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֑וֹ וְאָֽבְלוּ֙ נְא֣וֹת הָרֹעִ֔ים וְיָבֵ֖שׁ רֹ֥אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmar* *YHWH* from-*ṣiyyôn* *yišʾāg* and-from-*yərûšālaim* *yittēn* *qôlô* and-*ʾāblû* *nəʾôt* *hārōʿîm* and-*yābēš* *rōʾš* *hakkarmel*", "grammar": { "*yōʾmar*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yišʾāg*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he roars/will roar", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*yittēn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gives/will give", "*qôlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*ʾāblû*": "perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they mourned/will mourn", "*nəʾôt*": "construct state, feminine plural - pastures/habitations of", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + participle, masculine plural - the shepherds", "*yābēš*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it withered/will wither", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct - top/head of", "*hakkarmel*": "definite article + proper name - the Carmel" }, "variants": { "*yišʾāg*": "roars/will roar like a lion", "*nəʾôt*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations", "*ʾāblû*": "will mourn/dry up/wither", "*rōʾš*": "top/summit/head", "*hakkarmel*": "the Carmel (mountain)/fruitful field" } }
• Mic 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Micah.3.8", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם אָנֹכִ֞י מָלֵ֤אתִי כֹ֙חַ֙ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּגְבוּרָ֑ה לְהַגִּ֤יד לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ פִּשְׁע֔וֹ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "But *ʾānōkî* *mālēʾtî* *kōaḥ* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *YHWH* and-*mišpāṭ* and-*gĕbûrâ* to-*haggîd* to-*yaʿăqōb* *pišʿô* and-to-*yiśrāʾēl* *ḥaṭṭāʾtô*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*mālēʾtî*": "1st person singular qal perfect - I am filled", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - power/strength", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*gĕbûrâ*": "feminine singular noun - might/strength", "*haggîd*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to declare/tell", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*pišʿô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his transgression", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sin" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself", "*mālēʾtî*": "I am filled/full of", "*kōaḥ*": "power/strength/might", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/right", "*gĕbûrâ*": "might/strength/power", "*haggîd*": "to declare/tell/announce", "*pišʿô*": "his transgression/rebellion/crime", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "his sin/offense/wrongdoing" } } 9 { "verseID": "Micah.3.9", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֗את רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽמֲתַעֲבִ֣ים מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַיְשָׁרָ֖ה יְעַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*šimʿû-nāʾ* this *rāʾšê* *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* the-*mĕtaʿăbîm* *mišpāṭ* and-*ʾēt* all-the-*yĕšārâ* *yĕʿaqqēšû*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "masculine plural piel participle - abhorring", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yĕšārâ*": "feminine singular adjective - straight/upright", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "3rd person plural piel imperfect - they pervert" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "hear please/listen now", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "abhorring/detesting/rejecting", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/right", "*yĕšārâ*": "straight/upright/right", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "they pervert/twist/distort" } } 10 { "verseID": "Micah.3.10", "source": "בֹּנֶ֥ה צִיּ֖וֹן בְּדָמִ֑ים וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בְּעַוְלָֽה׃", "text": "*bōneh* *ṣiyyôn* with-*dāmîm* and-*yĕrûšālaim* with-*ʿawlâ*", "grammar": { "*bōneh*": "masculine singular qal participle - building", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - blood/bloodshed", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ʿawlâ*": "feminine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness" }, "variants": { "*bōneh*": "building/one who builds", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wickedness" } } 11 { "verseID": "Micah.3.11", "source": "רָאשֶׁ֣יהָ ׀ בְּשֹׁ֣חַד יִשְׁפֹּ֗טוּ וְכֹהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּמְחִ֣יר יוֹר֔וּ וּנְבִיאֶ֖יהָ בְּכֶ֣סֶף יִקְסֹ֑מוּ וְעַל־יְהוָה֙ יִשָּׁעֵ֣נוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֤וֹא יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*rāʾšêhā* for-*šōḥad* *yišpōṭû* and-*kōhănêhā* for-*mĕḥîr* *yôrû* and-*nĕbîʾêhā* for-*kesep* *yiqsōmû* and-upon-*YHWH* *yiššāʿēnû* saying *hălôʾ* *YHWH* in-*qirbēnû* not-*tābôʾ* upon-us *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her heads/leaders", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*yišpōṭû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they judge", "*kōhănêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*mĕḥîr*": "masculine singular noun - price/payment", "*yôrû*": "3rd person plural hiphil imperfect - they teach", "*nĕbîʾêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun - silver/money", "*yiqsōmû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they divine", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "3rd person plural niphal imperfect - they lean", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*qirbēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our midst", "*tābôʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect - she will come", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun/adjective - evil/disaster" }, "variants": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "her heads/leaders/chiefs", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/govern", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/payment/hire", "*yôrû*": "they teach/instruct", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*yiqsōmû*": "they divine/practice divination", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend", "*qirbēnû*": "our midst/among us", "*tābôʾ*": "she will come/arrive/happen", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity" } } 12 { "verseID": "Micah.3.12", "source": "לָכֵן֙ בִּגְלַלְכֶ֔ם צִיּ֖וֹן שָׂדֶ֣ה תֵֽחָרֵ֑שׁ וִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עִיִּ֣ין תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ פ", "text": "Therefore on-account-of-you *ṣiyyôn* *śādeh* *tēḥārēš* and-*yĕrûšālaim* *ʿiyyîn* *tihyeh* and-*har* the-*bayit* for-*bāmôt* *yāʿar*", "grammar": { "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*tēḥārēš*": "3rd person feminine singular niphal imperfect - she will be plowed", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ʿiyyîn*": "masculine plural noun - ruins/heaps", "*tihyeh*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect - she will be", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural construct - high places of", "*yāʿar*": "masculine singular noun - forest" }, "variants": { "*śādeh*": "field/country/land", "*tēḥārēš*": "she will be plowed/cultivated", "*ʿiyyîn*": "ruins/heaps/rubble", "*tihyeh*": "she will be/become", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*bayit*": "house/temple", "*bāmôt*": "high places/heights", "*yāʿar*": "forest/thicket/wooded height" } }
• Nah 1:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א נִֽינְוֵ֑ה סֵ֧פֶר חֲז֛וֹן נַח֖וּם הָאֶלְקֹשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Nînəwēh* *sēper* *ḥăzôn* *Naḥûm* *hāʾelqōšî*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine, singular - burden/oracle/utterance", "*Nînəwēh*": "proper noun, Nineveh", "*sēper*": "construct state, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*ḥăzôn*": "construct state, masculine, singular - vision/revelation", "*Naḥûm*": "proper noun, personal name", "*hāʾelqōšî*": "article + demonym, masculine, singular - the Elkoshite" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/utterance/pronouncement", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*ḥăzôn*": "vision/revelation/prophecy" } } 2 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.2", "source": "אֵ֣ל קַנּ֤וֹא וְנֹקֵם֙ יְהוָ֔ה נֹקֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה וּבַ֣עַל חֵמָ֑ה נֹקֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לְצָרָ֔יו וְנוֹטֵ֥ר ה֖וּא לְאֹיְבָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʾĒl* *qannôʾ* *wə-nōqēm* *YHWH* *nōqēm* *YHWH* *û-baʿal* *ḥēmāh* *nōqēm* *YHWH* *lə-ṣārāyw* *wə-nôṭēr* *hûʾ* *lə-ʾōyəbāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾĒl*": "absolute state, masculine, singular - God/deity", "*qannôʾ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - jealous/zealous", "*wə-nōqēm*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine, singular - and avenging", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*nōqēm*": "Qal participle, masculine, singular - avenging", "*û-baʿal*": "conjunction + construct state, masculine, singular - and lord/master/possessor of", "*ḥēmāh*": "absolute state, feminine, singular - wrath/fury", "*lə-ṣārāyw*": "preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - to/against his adversaries", "*wə-nôṭēr*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine, singular - and keeping/bearing", "*hûʾ*": "3ms personal pronoun - he", "*lə-ʾōyəbāyw*": "preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - to/against his enemies" }, "variants": { "*ʾĒl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*qannôʾ*": "jealous/zealous/passionate", "*nōqēm*": "avenging/taking vengeance", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/possessor/owner", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/hot anger", "*nôṭēr*": "keeping/bearing/maintaining/reserving [wrath]" } } 3 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.3", "source": "יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וּגְדָל־כֹּ֔חַ וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֑ה יְהוָ֗ה בְּסוּפָ֤ה וּבִשְׂעָרָה֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְעָנָ֖ן אֲבַ֥ק רַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾerek* *ʾappayim* *û-gədōl-kōaḥ* *wə-naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh* *YHWH* *bə-sûpāh* *û-biśʿārāh* *darkô* *wə-ʿānān* *ʾăbaq* *raglāyw*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾerek*": "construct state, masculine, singular - long/slow of", "*ʾappayim*": "dual form, nostrils/anger - anger/wrath", "*û-gədōl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine, singular - and great of", "*kōaḥ*": "absolute state, masculine, singular - strength/power", "*wə-naqqēh*": "conjunction + Piel infinitive absolute - and clearing/acquitting", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yənaqqeh*": "Piel imperfect, 3ms - he will clear/acquit", "*bə-sûpāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in the whirlwind/storm", "*û-biśʿārāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and in the tempest", "*darkô*": "noun + 3ms suffix - his way", "*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and cloud", "*ʾăbaq*": "construct state, masculine, singular - dust of", "*raglāyw*": "noun, dual + 3ms suffix - his feet" }, "variants": { "*ʾerek* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*gədōl-kōaḥ*": "great in power/mighty in strength", "*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh*": "will by no means clear the guilty/will surely not acquit/will certainly not leave unpunished", "*sûpāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest", "*śʿārāh*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*ʾăbaq*": "dust/powder/fine particles" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:18-24 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.18", "source": "ק֣וּם רֵ֗ד לִקְרַ֛את אַחְאָ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן הִנֵּה֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם נָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־יָ֥רַד שָׁ֖ם לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*qûm* *rēd* to-meet *ʾaḥʾāb* *melek*-*yiśrāʾēl* who in-*šōmərôn*; *hinnēh* in-*kerem* *nābôt* which-*yārad* there to-take-possession-of-it.", "grammar": { "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - arise", "*rēd*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - go down", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*šōmərôn*": "proper name, location - Samaria", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yārad*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he went down", "*lərištô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to take possession of it" }, "variants": { "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*lərištô*": "to take possession of it/to inherit it/to seize it" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.19", "source": "וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲרָצַ֖חְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָ֑שְׁתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לָקְק֤וּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דַּ֣ם נָב֔וֹת יָלֹ֧קּוּ הַכְּלָבִ֛ים אֶת־דָּמְךָ֖ גַּם־אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, have-*rāṣaḥtā* and-also-*yārāštā*? And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, in-the-*māqôm* where *lāqəqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dam* *nābôt* *yālōqqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dāməkā* also-you.", "grammar": { "*dibbartā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you shall speak", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*rāṣaḥtā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have murdered", "*yārāštā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have taken possession", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*lāqəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they licked up", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yālōqqû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will lick up", "*dāməkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your blood" }, "variants": { "*rāṣaḥtā*": "you have murdered/you have killed/you have slain", "*yārāštā*": "you have taken possession/you have inherited/you have seized", "*māqôm*": "place/location/spot" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ הַֽמְצָאתַ֖נִי אֹיְבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָצָ֔אתִי יַ֚עַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-*ʾēlîyāhû*, have-you-found-me, my-*ʾōyəbî*? *wa-yōʾmer*, I-have-found-you, because *hitmakerəkā* to-do the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ʾēlîyāhû*": "proper name, masculine - Elijah", "*hamṣāʾtanî*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal + interrogative prefix + 1st person singular suffix - have you found me", "*ʾōyəbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal - I have found", "*hitmakerəkā*": "infinitive construct, Hithpael + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your selling yourself", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾōyəbî*": "my enemy/my adversary", "*hitmakerəkā*": "your selling yourself/your devoting yourself", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of the LORD" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.21", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י *מבי **מֵבִ֤יא אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה וּבִעַרְתִּ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְאַחְאָב֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר וְעָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hinənî* *mēbî* to-you *rāʿâ*, and-*biʿartî* after-you, and-*hikrattî* to-*ʾaḥʾāb* *maštîn* in-*qîr* and-*ʿāṣûr* and-*ʿāzûb* in-*yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "demonstrative particle + 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*mēbî*": "participle, masculine singular, Hiphil - bringing", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*biʿartî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Piel - I will burn/sweep away", "*hikrattî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Hiphil - I will cut off", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*maštîn*": "participle, masculine singular, Hiphil - one who urinates", "*qîr*": "noun, masculine singular - wall", "*ʿāṣûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - restrained/bound", "*ʿāzûb*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - free/abandoned", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mēbî rāʿâ*": "bringing evil/bringing calamity", "*biʿartî*": "I will burn/I will sweep away/I will consume", "*maštîn bəqîr*": "one who urinates against a wall (idiom for males)", "*ʿāṣûr wəʿāzûb*": "bond and free/restrained and abandoned (idiom for everyone)" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.22", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֣י אֶת־בֵּיתְךָ֗ כְּבֵית֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט וּכְבֵ֖ית בַּעְשָׁ֣א בֶן־אֲחִיָּ֑ה אֶל־הַכַּ֙עַס֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעַ֔סְתָּ וַֽתַּחֲטִ֖א אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*bêtəkā* like-*bêt* *yārābəʿām* *ben*-*nəbāṭ* and-like-*bêt* *baʿšāʾ* *ben*-*ʾăḥîyâ*, because-of-the-*kaʿas* which *hikʿastā* *wa-taḥăṭî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will make", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yārābəʿām*": "proper name, masculine - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*nəbāṭ*": "proper name, masculine - Nebat", "*baʿšāʾ*": "proper name, masculine - Baasha", "*ʾăḥîyâ*": "proper name, masculine - Ahijah", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular - provocation/anger", "*hikʿastā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Hiphil - you have provoked to anger", "*wa-taḥăṭî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 2nd singular masculine, Hiphil - and you made sin", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*kaʿas*": "provocation/anger/offense", "*hikʿastā*": "you have provoked to anger/you have vexed", "*wa-taḥăṭî*": "and you made sin/and you caused to sin" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.23", "source": "וְגַ֨ם־לְאִיזֶ֔בֶל דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הַכְּלָבִ֛ים יֹאכְל֥וּ אֶת־אִיזֶ֖בֶל בְּחֵ֥ל יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃", "text": "And-also-for-*ʾîzebel* *dibber* *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*, the-*kəlābîm* *yōʾkəlû* *ʾet*-*ʾîzebel* by-the-*ḥēl* *yizrəʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he has spoken", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*yōʾkəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will eat", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wall/rampart of", "*yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper name, location - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*ḥēl*": "wall/rampart/outer wall/fortification" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.24", "source": "הַמֵּ֤ת לְאַחְאָב֙ בָּעִ֔יר יֹאכְל֖וּ הַכְּלָבִ֑ים וְהַמֵּת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "The-*mēt* to-*ʾaḥʾāb* in-the-city *yōʾkəlû* the-*kəlābîm*, and-the-*mēt* in-the-field *yōʾkəlû* *ʿôp* the-*šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*mēt*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - one who dies", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*yōʾkəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will eat", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky" }, "variants": { "*ʿôp hašāmāyim*": "birds of the heavens/birds of the sky/fowl of the air" } }
• 1 Kgs 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *meleḵ*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*yəhôšāp̄āṭ* *ʿôḏ* *ʾîš*-*ʾeḥāḏ* *li-ḏrōš* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *mē-ʾōṯô* *wa-ʾănî* *śənēʾṯîw* *kî* *lōʾ*-*yiṯnabbēʾ* *ʿālay* *ṭôḇ* *kî* *ʾim*-*rāʿ* *mîḵāyəhû* *ben*-*yimlâ* *wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* *ʾal*-*yōʾmar* *ha-meleḵ* *kēn*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "cardinal number - one", "*li-ḏrōš*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to inquire of", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*mē-ʾōṯô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from him", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular personal pronoun - and I", "*śənēʾṯîw*": "qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I hate him", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiṯnabbēʾ*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he prophesies", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - concerning me", "*ṭôḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*kî*": "conjunction - but", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/but", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - evil/bad", "*mîḵāyəhû*": "proper noun - Micaiah", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - son of", "*yimlâ*": "proper noun - Imlah", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him say", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus" }, "variants": { "*śənēʾṯîw*": "I hate him/I have hated him" } }
• Isa 5:1-8 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.1", "source": "אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דּוֹדִ֖י לְכַרְמ֑וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִֽידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "I will *ʾāšîrâ* *nāʾ* for my *yədîdî* a *šîrat* of my *dôdî* for his *kerem*; a *kerem* *hāyâ* for my *yədîdî* in a *qeren ben-šāmen*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāšîrâ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with cohortative - I will sing", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*yədîdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved", "*šîrat*": "feminine singular construct - song of", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved/my love", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was/existed", "*qeren*": "construct state - horn/hill", "*ben-šāmen*": "construct phrase - son of fatness/fertility" }, "variants": { "*yədîdî*": "beloved/dear one/friend", "*dôdî*": "beloved/love/uncle", "*qeren*": "horn/hill/power", "*ben-šāmen*": "fertile hill/rich soil/son of oil" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.2", "source": "וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֙הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתוֹכ֔וֹ וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַ֛ו לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *wə*-he *yaʿazzəqēhû* and *wə*-he *yəsaqqəlēhû* and he *yiṭṭāʿēhû* *śōrēq* and he *yiben* a *migdāl* in *bətôkô* and *wə*-also a *yeqeb* he *ḥāṣēb* in it; and he *yəqaw* for it to *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he dug it up", "*yəsaqqəlēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he cleared it of stones", "*yiṭṭāʿēhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he planted it", "*śōrēq*": "masculine singular noun - choice vine/red grapes", "*yiben*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he built", "*migdāl*": "masculine singular noun - tower", "*bətôkô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in its midst", "*yeqeb*": "masculine singular noun - wine vat", "*ḥāṣēb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hewed/carved out", "*yəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he expected/waited", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce/make", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "dug it up/hoed it/tilled it", "*śōrēq*": "choice vine/red grapes/best variety", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.3", "source": "וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃", "text": "And *wə*-now *yôšēb* *yərûšālaim* and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ*, *šipṭû-nāʾ* between me and between my *karmî*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller in", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun construct - man of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šipṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.4", "source": "מַה־לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת עוֹד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "What *mah*-more *laʿăśôt* for my *karmî* that I have not *ʿāśîtî* in it? Why *madûaʿ* did I *qiwwêtî* it *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*?", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to do", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I did/have done", "*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*qiwwêtî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I expected/waited for", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*qiwwêtî*": "expected/hoped/waited for", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.5", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ אוֹדִֽיעָה־נָּ֣א אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֖ה לְכַרְמִ֑י הָסֵ֤ר מְשׂוּכָּתוֹ֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֔ר פָּרֹ֥ץ גְּדֵר֖וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְמִרְמָֽס׃", "text": "And *wə*-now I will *ʾôdîʿâ-nāʾ* you *ʾet* what *ʾăšer*-I am *ʿōśeh* to my *karmî*: *hāsēr* its *məśûkkātô* and it shall *wəhāyâ* for *ləbāʿēr*, *pārōṣ* its *gədērô* and it shall *wəhāyâ* for *ləmirmās*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾôdîʿâ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will make known", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - doing/going to do", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*hāsēr*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - removing", "*məśûkkātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its hedge", "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and it will be", "*ləbāʿēr*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - for burning/consuming", "*pārōṣ*": "qal infinitive absolute - breaking down", "*gədērô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its wall", "*ləmirmās*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - for trampling" }, "variants": { "*məśûkkātô*": "hedge/fence/protection", "*ləbāʿēr*": "burning/consuming/destruction", "*gədērô*": "wall/fence/boundary", "*ləmirmās*": "trampling/treading place" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.6", "source": "וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃", "text": "And I will *waʾăšîtēhû* *bātâ*, it shall not *yizzāmēr* and shall not *yēʿādēr*, and *wəʿālâ* *šāmîr* and *wāšāyit*; and upon the *heʿābîm* I will *ʾăṣawweh* from *mēhamṭîr* upon it *māṭār*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăšîtēhû*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*bātâ*": "feminine singular noun - waste/desolation", "*yizzāmēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be pruned", "*yēʿādēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be hoed/tilled", "*wəʿālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and will come up", "*šāmîr*": "masculine singular noun - thorns/briars", "*wāšāyit*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and thistles/weeds", "*heʿābîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the clouds", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*mēhamṭîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - from raining", "*māṭār*": "masculine singular noun - rain" }, "variants": { "*bātâ*": "waste/desolation/ruin", "*šāmîr*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*šāyit*": "thistles/weeds/thorny plants" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.7", "source": "כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃", "text": "For *kî* the *kerem* of *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* is *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* is the *neṭaʿ* of his *šaʿăšûʿāyw*; and he *wayəqaw* for *mišpāṭ* but *wəhinnēh* *miśpāḥ*, for *ṣədāqâ* but *wəhinnēh* *ṣəʿāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kerem*": "masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*neṭaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - planting of", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his delight", "*wayəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he looked for", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - but behold", "*miśpāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - bloodshed/oppression", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - cry/outcry" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*neṭaʿ*": "planting/plant/plantation", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "delight/pleasure/joy", "*miśpāḥ*": "bloodshed/oppression/injustice", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/distress" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.8", "source": "ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maggîʿê* *bayit* to *bəbayit*, *śādeh* to *bəśādeh* *yaqrîbû*; until *ʿad* *ʾepes* *māqôm* and *wə*-you are *hûšabttem* *ləbaddəkem* in the *bəqereb* of the *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maggîʿê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - joining/touching", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*bəbayit*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to house", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*bəśādeh*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to field", "*yaqrîbû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they bring near/join", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾepes*": "masculine singular construct - end of/no more", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - place/space", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hûšabttem*": "hophal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you are made to dwell", "*ləbaddəkem*": "preposition with noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - by yourselves", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the land" }, "variants": { "*maggîʿê*": "joining/causing to touch/bringing together", "*ʾepes*": "end/extremity/ceasing", "*māqôm*": "place/space/room", "*bəqereb*": "midst/middle/interior" } }
• Isa 6:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֵ֥ךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמ֙וֹעַ֙ וְאַל־תָּבִ֔ינוּ וּרְא֥וּ רָא֖וֹ וְאַל־תֵּדָֽעוּ׃", "text": "*Wayyōʾmer* go *wəʾāmartā* to the *ʿām* the this *shimʿû* *shāmôaʿ* *wəʾal-tābînû* *ûrəʾû* *rāʾô* *wəʾal-tēdāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*lēk*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*wəʾāmartā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall say", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this", "*shimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*shāmôaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - hearing", "*wəʾal-tābînû*": "waw conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - but do not understand", "*ûrəʾû*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*rāʾô*": "qal infinitive absolute - seeing", "*wəʾal-tēdāʿû*": "waw conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - but do not perceive" }, "variants": { "*hālak*": "go/walk/proceed", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*shāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bîn*": "understand/discern/consider", "*rāʾāh*": "see/observe/perceive", "*yādaʿ*": "know/perceive/discern" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.10", "source": "הַשְׁמֵן֙ לֵב־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאָזְנָ֥יו הַכְבֵּ֖ד וְעֵינָ֣יו הָשַׁ֑ע פֶּן־יִרְאֶ֨ה בְעֵינָ֜יו וּבְאָזְנָ֣יו יִשְׁמָ֗ע וּלְבָב֥וֹ יָבִ֛ין וָשָׁ֖ב וְרָ֥פָא לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hashmēn* *lēb*-the *ʿām* the this *wəʾoznāyw* *hakbēd* *wəʿênāyw* *hāshaʿ* lest-*yirʾeh* with *ʿênāyw* and with *ʾoznāyw* *yishmaʿ* and *ləbābô* *yābîn* *wāshāb* *wərāp̄āʾ* to him.", "grammar": { "*Hashmēn*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make fat", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this", "*wəʾoznāyw*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his ears", "*hakbēd*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make heavy", "*wəʿênāyw*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his eyes", "*hāshaʿ*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - shut/smear over", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sees", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*yishmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he hears", "*ləbābô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yābîn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he understands", "*wāshāb*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and returns/repents", "*wərāp̄āʾ*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and is healed", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to/for him" }, "variants": { "*shāmēn*": "make fat/dull/insensitive", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*kābēd*": "make heavy/dull/unresponsive", "*shāʿaʿ*": "shut/smear over/blind", "*rāʾāh*": "see/observe/perceive", "*shāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*bîn*": "understand/discern/consider", "*shûb*": "return/repent/turn back", "*rāp̄āʾ*": "heal/restore/make healthful" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.11", "source": "וָאֹמַ֕ר עַד־מָתַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר֩ אִם־שָׁא֨וּ עָרִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֗ב וּבָתִּים֙ מֵאֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה תִּשָּׁאֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃", "text": "*Wāʾōmar* until-when *ʾădōnāy* *wayyōʾmer* until that if-*shāʾû* *ʿārîm* from *ʾêyn* *yôshēb* and *bāttîm* from *ʾêyn* *ʾādām* and the *ʾădāmāh* *tishshāʾeh* *shəmāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*Wāʾōmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*shāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate/ruined", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*ʾêyn*": "particle of negation construct - without", "*yôshēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/ground", "*tishshāʾeh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is laid waste", "*shəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation" }, "variants": { "*ʿad-mātay*": "until when/how long/until what time", "*ʾădōnāy*": "Lord/Master/my Lord (divine title)", "*shāʾāh*": "be desolate/ruined/devastated", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*yôshēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*bayit*": "house/home/household", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*shāʾāh*": "be desolate/laid waste", "*shəmāmāh*": "desolation/wasteland/ruin" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.12", "source": "וְרִחַ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֑ם וְרַבָּ֥ה הָעֲזוּבָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Wəriḥaq* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the *ʾādām* *wərabbāh* the *ʿăzûbāh* in *qereb* the *ʾārets*.", "grammar": { "*Wəriḥaq*": "waw conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and has removed far away", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man/mankind", "*wərabbāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and is great/many", "*ʿăzûbāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the forsaken place/abandonment", "*qereb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾārets*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*rāḥaq*": "remove far/distance/send far away", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/people", "*rābāh*": "become great/increase/multiply", "*ʿăzûbāh*": "forsaken place/abandonment/desolation", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within/interior", "*ʾārets*": "land/earth/territory/ground" } }
• Isa 13:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.18", "source": "וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃", "text": "*Û*-*qəšāṯôṯ* *nəʿārîm* *təraṭṭašnāh* *û*-*p̄ərî*-*ḇeṭen* not *yəraḥēmû* upon-*bānîm* not-*ṯāḥûs* *ʿênām*", "grammar": { "*ûqəšāṯôṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and bows", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - young men/youths", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will shatter", "*ûp̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct + noun, masculine, singular - and fruit of womb", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəraḥēmû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will have mercy on", "*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - upon children/sons", "*lōʾ-ṯāḥûs*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will not pity", "*ʿênām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eye" }, "variants": { "*qəšāṯôṯ*": "bows/weapons", "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/lads", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "they will shatter/smash/dash to pieces", "*p̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "fruit of womb/children/offspring", "*yəraḥēmû*": "they will have mercy on/compassion on/pity", "*ṯāḥûs*": "will pity/spare/look with compassion" } }
• Isa 24:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.1", "source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs", "*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)", "*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists", "*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface", "*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void", "*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it", "*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins", "*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance", "*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* like-the-*ʿām* like-the-*kōhēn*, like-the-*ʿebed* like-*ʾadōnāyw*, like-the-*šipḥāh* like-*gəbirtāh*, like-the-*qōneh* like-the-*mōkēr*, like-the-*malweh* like-the-*lōweh*, like-the-*nōšeh* like-*ʾašer* *nōśēʾ* in-him", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the people", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the priest", "*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the servant", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition כ - like his masters", "*šipḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the maidservant", "*gəbirtāh*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition כ - like her mistress", "*qōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the buyer", "*mōkēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the seller", "*malweh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the lender", "*lōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the borrower", "*nōšeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the creditor", "*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun with preposition כ - like one who", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying/owing", "בֽוֹ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him/to him" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall happen", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave", "*gəbirtāh*": "her mistress/her lady", "*qōneh*": "buyer/purchaser", "*mōkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*malweh*": "lender/creditor", "*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/one who lends", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/owing debt" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.3", "source": "הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Hibbōq* *tibbōq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*hibbōz* *tibbōz* *kî* *YHWH* *dibbēr* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*", "grammar": { "*Hibbōq*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly emptied", "*tibbōq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be emptied", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*hibbōz*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly plundered", "*tibbōz*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be plundered", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dābār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this" }, "variants": { "*Hibbōq tibbōq*": "will be utterly emptied/completely laid waste/certainly devastated", "*hibbōz tibbōz*": "will be utterly plundered/completely despoiled/certainly looted", "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/has said/has declared", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.4", "source": "אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾābəlāh* *nābəlāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾuməlelāh* *nābəlāh* *tēbēl* *ʾumləlû* *mərôm* *ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ʾābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns", "*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/weakens", "*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades", "*tēbēl*": "common noun, feminine singular - world/habitable earth", "*ʾumləlû*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person common plural - languish/are weakened", "*mərôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - height/exalted ones", "*ʿam*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʾābəlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves", "*nābəlāh*": "withers/fades/decays", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/weakens/droops", "*tēbēl*": "world/habitable earth/inhabited land", "*ʾumləlû*": "languish/are weakened/droop", "*mərôm*": "height/exalted ones/lofty people", "*ʿam-hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/prominent people" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.5", "source": "וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥānəpāh* *taḥat* *yōšəbehā* *kî*-*ʿābərû* *tôrōt* *ḥāləpû* *ḥōq* *hēpērû* *bərît* *ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*ḥānəpāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is polluted/defiled", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿābərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have transgressed", "*tôrōt*": "common noun, feminine plural - laws/teachings/instructions", "*ḥāləpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have violated/changed", "*ḥōq*": "common noun, masculine singular - statute/decree/ordinance", "*hēpērû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have broken", "*bərît*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*ʿôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity" }, "variants": { "*ḥānəpāh*": "is polluted/is defiled/is profaned", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath/because of", "*ʿābərû*": "have transgressed/have violated/have passed over", "*tôrōt*": "laws/teachings/instructions", "*ḥāləpû*": "have violated/have changed/have altered", "*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance/boundary", "*hēpērû*": "have broken/have annulled/have made void", "*bərît ʿôlām*": "everlasting covenant/eternal agreement/perpetual treaty" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.6", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃", "text": "*ʿal-kēn* *ʾālāh* *ʾākəlāh* *ʾereṣ* and-*yeʾəšəmû* *yōšəbê* in-her *ʿal-kēn* *ḥārû* *yōšəbê* *ʾereṣ* and-*nišʾar* *ʾěnôš* *mizʿār*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this", "*ʾālāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - curse/oath", "*ʾākəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*yeʾəšəmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they are guilty/desolate", "*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "בָ֑הּ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her/in it", "*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this", "*ḥārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - are burned/scorched", "*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left/remains", "*ʾěnôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - mankind/people/men", "*mizʿār*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition מ - few/small number" }, "variants": { "*ʾālāh*": "curse/oath/imprecation", "*ʾākəlāh*": "has devoured/has consumed/has eaten up", "*yeʾəšəmû*": "are guilty/are desolate/bear their punishment", "*ḥārû*": "are burned/are scorched/are parched", "*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared", "*ʾěnôš*": "mankind/humanity/mortal men", "*mizʿār*": "few/small number/tiny remnant" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.7", "source": "אָבַ֥ל תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב׃", "text": "*ʾābal* *tîrôš* *ʾuməlelāh*-*gāpen* *neʾenḥû* all-*śimḥê*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*ʾābal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - mourns", "*tîrôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - new wine", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/withers", "*gāpen*": "common noun, feminine singular - vine", "*neʾenḥû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - sigh/groan", "*śimḥê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - joyful of/merry of", "*lēb*": "common noun, masculine singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*ʾābal*": "mourns/laments/dries up", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh grape juice", "*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/withers/droops", "*gāpen*": "vine/grapevine", "*neʾenḥû*": "sigh/groan/moan", "*śimḥê-lēb*": "merry-hearted/joyful ones/those of joyful heart" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.8", "source": "שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר׃", "text": "*šābat* *məśôś* *tuppîm* *ḥādal* *šəʾôn* *ʿallîzîm* *šābat* *məśôś* *kinnôr*", "grammar": { "*šābat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases", "*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - mirth/joy of", "*tuppîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - timbrels/tambourines", "*ḥādal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases", "*šəʾôn*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - noise/tumult of", "*ʿallîzîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - jubilant ones/exultant ones", "*šābat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases", "*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - mirth/joy of", "*kinnôr*": "common noun, masculine singular - lyre/harp" }, "variants": { "*šābat*": "ceases/stops/is stilled", "*məśôś*": "mirth/joy/gaiety", "*tuppîm*": "timbrels/tambourines/drums", "*ḥādal*": "ceases/stops/comes to an end", "*šəʾôn*": "noise/tumult/uproar", "*ʿallîzîm*": "jubilant ones/exultant ones/revelers", "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.9", "source": "בַּשִּׁ֖יר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתּוּ־יָ֑יִן יֵמַ֥ר שֵׁכָ֖ר לְשֹׁתָֽיו׃", "text": "With-the-*šîr* not *yištû*-*yāyin* *yēmar* *šēkār* to-*šōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - with song", "*yištû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will drink", "*yāyin*": "common noun, masculine singular - wine", "*yēmar*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is bitter", "*šēkār*": "common noun, masculine singular - strong drink", "*šōtāyw*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its drinkers" }, "variants": { "*šîr*": "song/singing", "*yištû*": "they will drink/they shall drink", "*yāyin*": "wine/fermented grape juice", "*yēmar*": "is bitter/turns bitter/becomes distasteful", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage", "*šōtāyw*": "its drinkers/those who drink it" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.10", "source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה קִרְיַת־תֹּ֑הוּ סֻגַּ֥ר כָּל־בַּ֖יִת מִבּֽוֹא׃", "text": "*nišbərāh* *qiryat*-*tōhû* *suggar* all-*bayit* from-*bôʾ*", "grammar": { "*nišbərāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is broken down", "*qiryat*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - city of", "*tōhû*": "common noun, masculine singular - emptiness/chaos", "*suggar*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is shut up", "*bayit*": "common noun, masculine singular - house", "*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition מ - from entering" }, "variants": { "*nišbərāh*": "is broken down/is shattered/is ruined", "*qiryat-tōhû*": "city of chaos/town of emptiness/city of confusion", "*suggar*": "is shut up/is closed/is barred", "*bôʾ*": "entering/going in/coming" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.11", "source": "צְוָחָ֥ה עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹת עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ṣəwāḥāh* over-the-*yayin* in-the-*ḥûṣôt* *ʿārəbāh* all-*śimḥāh* *gālāh* *məśôś* the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ṣəwāḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - outcry/wailing", "*yayin*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition על - over the wine", "*ḥûṣôt*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition ב and definite article - in the streets", "*ʿārəbāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has darkened/grown evening", "*śimḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - joy/gladness", "*gālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has gone into exile/departed", "*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - joy of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ṣəwāḥāh*": "outcry/wailing/cry of distress", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/public squares", "*ʿārəbāh*": "has darkened/grown evening/become gloomy/passed away", "*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/mirth", "*gālāh*": "has gone into exile/departed/been removed", "*məśôś*": "joy/gladness/gaiety" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.12", "source": "נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת־שָֽׁעַר׃", "text": "*nišʾar* in-the-*ʿîr* *šammāh* and-*šəʾiyyāh* *yukkat*-*šāʿar*", "grammar": { "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the city", "*šammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with conjunction ו - and devastation", "*yukkat*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is beaten down", "*šāʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular - gate" }, "variants": { "*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*šəʾiyyāh*": "devastation/ruin/crash", "*yukkat*": "is beaten down/is battered/is struck", "*šāʿar*": "gate/entrance/city gate" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.13", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה יִהְיֶ֛ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָֽעַמִּ֑ים כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת כְּעוֹלֵלֹ֖ת אִם־כָּלָ֥ה בָצִֽיר׃", "text": "*kî* thus *yihyeh* in-*qereb* the-*ʾāreṣ* in-*tôk* the-*ʿammîm* like-*nōqep* *zayit* like-*ʿôlēlôt* if-*kālāh* *bāṣîr*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*qereb*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in midst of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*tôk*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in midst of", "*ʿammîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the peoples", "*nōqep*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition כ - like shaking of", "*zayit*": "common noun, masculine singular - olive tree", "*ʿôlēlôt*": "common noun, feminine plural with preposition כ - like gleanings", "*kālāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - completed/ended", "*bāṣîr*": "common noun, masculine singular - grape harvest" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/thus", "*yihyeh*": "it will be/it shall happen/it shall come to pass", "*qereb*": "midst/inner part/interior", "*tôk*": "midst/among/within", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*nōqep*": "shaking/beating", "*zayit*": "olive tree/olive", "*ʿôlēlôt*": "gleanings/leftover grapes", "*kālāh*": "completed/ended/finished", "*bāṣîr*": "grape harvest/vintage/grape gathering" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.14", "source": "הֵ֛מָּה יִשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם יָרֹ֑נּוּ בִּגְא֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה צָהֲל֖וּ מִיָּֽם׃", "text": "*hēmmāh* *yiśʾû* *qôlām* *yārōnnû* in-*gəʾôn* *YHWH* *ṣāhălû* from-*yām*", "grammar": { "*hēmmāh*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*yiśʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they lift up", "*qôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*yārōnnû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shout for joy", "*gəʾôn*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in majesty of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣāhălû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they cry aloud", "*yām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition מ - from the sea" }, "variants": { "*yiśʾû*": "they lift up/they raise/they bear", "*qôlām*": "their voice/their sound", "*yārōnnû*": "they shout for joy/they sing/they cry out", "*gəʾôn*": "majesty/excellence/pride", "*ṣāhălû*": "they cry aloud/they shout/they neigh (like horses)" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.15", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּאֻרִ֖ים כַּבְּד֣וּ יְהוָ֑ה בְּאִיֵּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ʿal-kēn* in-the-*ʾurîm* *kabbədû* *YHWH* in-*ʾiyyê* the-*yām* *šēm* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore", "*ʾurîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition ב and definite article - in the east/fires", "*kabbədû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - glorify", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾiyyê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition ב - in islands/coastlands of", "*yām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea", "*šēm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "therefore/because of this", "*ʾurîm*": "east/fires/lights/valleys", "*kabbədû*": "glorify/honor/make heavy", "*ʾiyyê*": "islands/coastlands/maritime regions", "*šēm*": "name/renown/reputation" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.16", "source": "מִכְּנַ֨ף הָאָ֜רֶץ זְמִרֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ צְבִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֔יק וָאֹמַ֛ר רָזִי־לִ֥י רָֽזִי־לִ֖י א֣וֹי לִ֑י בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ וּבֶ֥גֶד בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ׃", "text": "From-*kənap* the-*ʾāreṣ* *zəmirōt* *šāmaʿnû* *ṣəbî* to-the-*ṣaddîq* and-*ʾōmar* *rāzî*-to-me *rāzî*-to-me *ʾôy* to-me *bōgədîm* *bāgādû* and-*beged* *bôgədîm* *bāgādû*", "grammar": { "*kənap*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition מ - from edge/wing of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*zəmirōt*": "common noun, feminine plural - songs", "*šāmaʿnû*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common plural - we have heard", "*ṣəbî*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - glory/beauty to", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article and preposition ל - to the righteous one", "*ʾōmar*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said", "*rāzî*": "common noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my leanness/secret/wasting", "*ʾôy*": "interjection - woe", "*bōgədîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - treacherous ones", "*bāgādû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have dealt treacherously", "*beged*": "common noun, masculine singular - treachery", "*bôgədîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - treacherous ones", "*bāgādû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have dealt treacherously" }, "variants": { "*kənap*": "edge/wing/extremity/border", "*zəmirōt*": "songs/praises/music", "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/we heard", "*ṣəbî*": "glory/beauty/honor/gazelle", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person/righteous", "*rāzî*": "my leanness/my wasting away/my secret/my mystery", "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*bōgədîm*": "treacherous ones/traitors/deceivers", "*bāgādû*": "they have dealt treacherously/they have betrayed/they have deceived", "*beged*": "treachery/deceit/betrayal/garment" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.17", "source": "פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֖יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*paḥad* and-*paḥat* and-*pāḥ* upon-you *yōšēb* the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*paḥad*": "common noun, masculine singular - terror", "*paḥat*": "common noun, masculine singular with conjunction ו - and pit", "*pāḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular with conjunction ו - and snare", "עָלֶ֖יךָ": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*yōšēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*paḥad*": "terror/dread/fear", "*paḥat*": "pit/hole/trap", "*pāḥ*": "snare/trap/bird net", "*yōšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.18", "source": "וֽ͏ְ֠הָיָה הַנָּ֞ס מִקּ֤וֹל הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת מִמָּרוֹם֙ נִפְתָּ֔חוּ וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* the-*nās* from-*qôl* the-*paḥad* *yippōl* to-the-*paḥat* and-the-*ʿôleh* from-*tôk* the-*paḥat* *yillākēd* in-the-*pāḥ* *kî*-*ʾărubbôt* from-*mārôm* *niptāḥû* and-*yirʿăšû* *môsədê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction ו - and it will be", "*nās*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one fleeing", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition מ - from noise/sound of", "*paḥad*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the terror", "*yippōl*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will fall", "*paḥat*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition אל - into the pit", "*ʿôleh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article and conjunction ו - and the one coming up", "*tôk*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition מ - from midst of", "*paḥat*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the pit", "*yillākēd*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be caught", "*pāḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition ב - in the snare", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾărubbôt*": "common noun, feminine plural - windows/floodgates", "*mārôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition מ - from on high", "*niptāḥû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are opened", "*yirʿăšû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they shake", "*môsədê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*nās*": "one fleeing/fugitive/escapee", "*qôl*": "noise/sound/voice", "*paḥad*": "terror/dread/fear", "*yippōl*": "will fall/shall fall/drops", "*paḥat*": "pit/hole/trap", "*ʿôleh*": "one coming up/one climbing out/one ascending", "*yillākēd*": "will be caught/will be trapped/will be snared", "*ʾărubbôt*": "windows/floodgates/sluices", "*mārôm*": "on high/heights/heaven", "*niptāḥû*": "are opened/are uncovered", "*yirʿăšû*": "shake/quake/tremble", "*môsədê*": "foundations/bases/supports" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.19", "source": "רֹ֥עָה הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ פּ֤וֹר הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ מ֥וֹט הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*rōʿāh* *hitrōʿăʿāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *pôr* *hitpôrərāh* *ʾereṣ* *môṭ* *hitmôṭəṭāh* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*rōʿāh*": "Qal infinitive absolute - utterly broken", "*hitrōʿăʿāh*": "Hithpoel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - breaks itself in pieces", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*pôr*": "Qal infinitive absolute - utterly broken", "*hitpôrərāh*": "Hithpoel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - crumbles to pieces", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*môṭ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - utterly shaken", "*hitmôṭəṭāh*": "Hithpoel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - totters exceedingly", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*rōʿāh hitrōʿăʿāh*": "is utterly broken/is completely shattered", "*pôr hitpôrərāh*": "is utterly split/is completely broken up", "*môṭ hitmôṭəṭāh*": "is utterly shaken/staggers exceedingly/totters violently" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.20", "source": "נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֙רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא־תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם׃", "text": "*nôaʿ* *tānûaʿ* *ʾereṣ* like-the-*šikkôr* and-*hitnôdədāh* like-the-*məlûnāh* and-*kābad* upon-her *pišʿāh* and-*nāpəlāh* and-not-*tōsîp* *qûm*", "grammar": { "*nôaʿ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - reeling", "*tānûaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she reels", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*šikkôr*": "adjective, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the drunkard", "*hitnôdədāh*": "Hithpoel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and she sways", "*məlûnāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the hut/lodge", "*kābad*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction ו - and is heavy", "עָלֶ֙יהָ֙": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon her", "*pišʿāh*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her transgression", "*nāpəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and she falls", "*tōsîp*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with negation לֹא - she will not add/continue", "*qûm*": "Qal infinitive construct - to rise" }, "variants": { "*nôaʿ tānûaʿ*": "reels to and fro/staggers exceedingly/sways violently", "*šikkôr*": "drunkard/drunk person", "*hitnôdədāh*": "sways/totters/staggers", "*məlûnāh*": "hut/lodge/watchman's booth", "*kābad*": "is heavy/weighs heavily/is burdensome", "*pišʿāh*": "her transgression/her rebellion/her sin", "*nāpəlāh*": "she falls/she collapses", "*tōsîp qûm*": "will not rise again/will not get up anymore" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.21", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִפְקֹ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־צְבָ֥א הַמָּר֖וֹם בַּמָּר֑וֹם וְעַל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* in-the-*yôm* the-*hû* *yipqōd* *YHWH* upon-*ṣəbā* the-*mārôm* in-the-*mārôm* and-upon-*malkê* the-*ʾădāmāh* upon-the-*ʾădāmāh*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction ו - and it will be", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the day", "*hû*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - that", "*yipqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will punish/visit", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbā*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition על - upon host of", "*mārôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the height", "*mārôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the height", "*malkê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition על and conjunction ו - and upon kings of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the ground/land/earth", "*ʾădāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article and preposition על - upon the ground/land/earth" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall come to pass", "*yôm hû*": "that day/in that day", "*yipqōd*": "will punish/will visit/will attend to", "*ṣəbā*": "host/army/company", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/heaven", "*malkê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.22", "source": "וְאֻסְּפ֨וּ אֲסֵפָ֤ה אַסִּיר֙ עַל־בּ֔וֹר וְסֻגְּר֖וּ עַל־מַסְגֵּ֑ר וּמֵרֹ֥ב יָמִ֖ים יִפָּקֵֽדוּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾussəpû* *ʾăsēpāh* *ʾassîr* upon-*bôr* and-*suggərû* upon-*masgēr* and-from-*rōb* *yāmîm* *yippāqēdû*", "grammar": { "*ʾussəpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with conjunction ו passive - and they will be gathered", "*ʾăsēpāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - gathering", "*ʾassîr*": "common noun, masculine singular - prisoner", "*bôr*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition על - upon/into pit", "*suggərû*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person common plural with conjunction ו - and they will be shut up", "*masgēr*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition על - upon/in prison", "*rōb*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with conjunction ו and preposition מ - and after abundance of", "*yāmîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - days", "*yippāqēdû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be visited/punished" }, "variants": { "*ʾussəpû ʾăsēpāh*": "will be gathered together/will be completely assembled", "*ʾassîr*": "prisoner/captive", "*bôr*": "pit/dungeon/cistern", "*suggərû*": "will be shut up/will be imprisoned", "*masgēr*": "prison/dungeon/confinement", "*rōb yāmîm*": "many days/abundance of days/long time", "*yippāqēdû*": "will be visited/will be punished/will be attended to" } } 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.23", "source": "וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבוֹשָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת בְּהַ֤ר צִיּוֹן֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֽוֹד׃", "text": "And-*ḥāpərāh* the-*ləbānāh* and-*bôšāh* the-*ḥammāh* *kî*-*mālak* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* in-*har* *Ṣiyyôn* and-in-*Yərûšālaim* and-before *zəqēnāyw* *kābôd*", "grammar": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be ashamed", "*ləbānāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the moon", "*bôšāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be confounded", "*ḥammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - reigns/has become king", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "common noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*har*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in mountain of", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition ב and conjunction ו - and in Jerusalem", "*zəqēnāyw*": "adjective, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition נגד with conjunction ו - and before his elders", "*kābôd*": "common noun, masculine singular - glory" }, "variants": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "will be ashamed/will be disgraced/will be confounded", "*ləbānāh*": "moon/white one", "*bôšāh*": "will be confounded/will be embarrassed/will be ashamed", "*ḥammāh*": "sun/hot one", "*mālak*": "reigns/has become king/rules", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "of hosts/of armies", "*zəqēnāyw*": "his elders/his old men/his officials", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Joel 1:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Joel.1.2", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹאת֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ הֶהָ֤יְתָה זֹּאת֙ בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֖ם בִּימֵ֥י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Šimʿû*-*zōʾṯ* *hazzəqēnîm* *wə*-*haʾăzînû* *kōl* *yôšəḇê* *hāʾāreṣ* *hehāyəṯāh* *zōʾṯ* *bîmêḵem* *wə*-*ʾim* *bîmê* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*Šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear, listen", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hazzəqēnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the elders", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*haʾăzînû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - give ear, listen carefully", "*kōl*": "construct state - all of", "*yôšəḇê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land/earth", "*hehāyəṯāh*": "interrogative + Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has it happened?", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*bîmêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your days", "*wə*": "conjunction - or", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*bîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in the days of", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*Šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/pay attention/listen carefully", "*yôšəḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground/territory", "*hehāyəṯāh*": "has it happened/occurred/taken place?" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joel.1.3", "source": "עָלֶ֖יהָ לִבְנֵיכֶ֣ם סַפֵּ֑רוּ וּבְנֵיכֶם֙ לִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֵֽר׃", "text": "*ʿālêhā* *liḇnêḵem* *sappērû* *ûḇnêḵem* *liḇnêhem* *ûḇnêhem* *ləḏôr* *ʾaḥēr*", "grammar": { "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - concerning it", "*liḇnêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to your sons", "*sappērû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - tell, recount, declare", "*ûḇnêḵem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your sons", "*liḇnêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to their sons", "*ûḇnêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their sons", "*ləḏôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to generation of", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another" }, "variants": { "*ʿālêhā*": "concerning it/about it/upon it", "*sappērû*": "tell/recount/declare/narrate", "*ḏôr*": "generation/age/period" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joel.1.4", "source": "יֶ֤תֶר הַגָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיֶ֥תֶר הָאַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַיָּ֑לֶק וְיֶ֣תֶר הַיֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶחָסִֽיל׃", "text": "*Yeṯer* *haggāzām* *ʾāḵal* *hāʾarbeh* *wə*-*yeṯer* *hāʾarbeh* *ʾāḵal* *hayyāleq* *wə*-*yeṯer* *hayyeleq* *ʾāḵal* *heḥāsîl*", "grammar": { "*Yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*haggāzām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cutting locust/gnawer", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the swarming locust", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the swarming locust", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*hayyāleq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the hopping locust/licker", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*hayyeleq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the hopping locust/licker", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*heḥāsîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the destroying locust/consumer" }, "variants": { "*Yeṯer*": "remainder/residue/what is left", "*haggāzām*": "the cutting locust/gnawer/shearer", "*ʾāḵal*": "ate/devoured/consumed", "*hāʾarbeh*": "the swarming locust/numerous locust", "*hayyāleq*": "the hopping locust/licker/devourer", "*heḥāsîl*": "the destroying locust/consumer/stripping locust" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joel.1.5", "source": "הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל־עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Hāqîṣû* *šikkôrîm* *ûḇəḵû* *wə*-*hêlîlû* *kāl*-*šōṯê* *yāyîn* *ʿal*-*ʿāsîs* *kî* *niḵraṯ* *mippîḵem*", "grammar": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wake up, awake", "*šikkôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drunkards", "*ûḇəḵû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and weep", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*šōṯê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of", "*yāyîn*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of, concerning", "*ʿāsîs*": "noun, masculine singular - sweet wine, new wine", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*niḵraṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*mippîḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your mouth" }, "variants": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "wake up/awake/arise", "*šikkôrîm*": "drunkards/intoxicated ones", "*ûḇəḵû*": "and weep/cry/mourn", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*šōṯê*": "drinkers of/those who drink", "*yāyîn*": "wine/fermented drink", "*ʿāsîs*": "sweet wine/new wine/juice", "*niḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.1.6", "source": "כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Kî*-*gôy* *ʿālāh* *ʿal*-*ʾarṣî* *ʿāṣûm* *wə*-*ʾên* *mispār* *šinnāyw* *šinnê* *ʾaryêh* *û*-*məṯalləʿôṯ* *lāḇîʾ* *lô*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation, people", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come up, ascended", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against, upon", "*ʾarṣî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my land", "*ʿāṣûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty, strong", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number, count", "*šinnāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its teeth", "*šinnê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - teeth of", "*ʾaryêh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - fangs of", "*lāḇîʾ*": "noun, feminine singular - lioness", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it, belonging to it" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/heathen", "*ʿālāh*": "has come up/ascended/invaded", "*ʿāṣûm*": "mighty/strong/numerous", "*mispār*": "number/count/quantity", "*ʾaryêh*": "lion/powerful one", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "fangs/jaw teeth", "*lāḇîʾ*": "lioness/great lion" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joel.1.7", "source": "שָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִי֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י לִקְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Śām* *gapnî* *ləšammāh* *û*-*ṯəʾēnāṯî* *liqṣāp̄āh* *ḥāśōp̄* *ḥăśāp̄āh* *wə*-*hišlîḵ* *hilbînû* *śārîgêhā*", "grammar": { "*Śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has made, placed", "*gapnî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my vine", "*ləšammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to a desolation", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯəʾēnāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my fig tree", "*liqṣāp̄āh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to splinters/fragments", "*ḥāśōp̄*": "Qal infinitive absolute - completely", "*ḥăśāp̄āh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he has stripped it", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has cast away, thrown down", "*hilbînû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have made white, bleached", "*śārîgêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its branches" }, "variants": { "*Śām*": "made/placed/set", "*gapnî*": "my vine/vineyard", "*ləšammāh*": "to a desolation/waste/horror", "*ṯəʾēnāṯî*": "my fig tree", "*liqṣāp̄āh*": "to splinters/fragments/broken pieces", "*ḥāśōp̄ ḥăśāp̄āh*": "completely stripped it/thoroughly laid bare", "*hišlîḵ*": "cast away/thrown down/flung", "*hilbînû*": "made white/bleached/exposed", "*śārîgêhā*": "its branches/twigs/shoots" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joel.1.8", "source": "אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾĔlî* *kiḇṯûlāh* *ḥăguraṯ*-*śaq* *ʿal*-*baʿal* *nəʿûrêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - lament, wail", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like a virgin", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular construct - girded with", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, because of", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - husband of", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her youth" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlî*": "lament/wail/mourn", "*kiḇṯûlāh*": "like a virgin/maiden", "*ḥăguraṯ*": "girded with/clothed with/wearing", "*śaq*": "sackcloth/garment of mourning", "*baʿal*": "husband/lord/master", "*nəʿûrêhā*": "her youth/her early life/her young age" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joel.1.9", "source": "הָכְרַ֥ת מִנְחָ֛ה וָנֶ֖סֶךְ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אָֽבְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Hāḵraṯ* *minḥāh* *wā*-*neseḵ* *mibbêṯ* *YHWH* *ʾāḇlû* *hakkōhănîm* *məšārəṯê* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "Hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grain offering, meal offering", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*neseḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - drink offering", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾāḇlû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they mourn", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld", "*minḥāh*": "grain offering/meal offering/tribute", "*neseḵ*": "drink offering/libation", "*ʾāḇlû*": "they mourn/grieve/lament", "*məšārəṯê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.1.10", "source": "שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר׃", "text": "*Šuddaḏ* *śāḏeh* *ʾāḇlāh* *ʾăḏāmāh* *kî* *šuddaḏ* *dāgān* *hôḇîš* *tîrôš* *ʾumlal* *yiṣhār*", "grammar": { "*Šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʾāḇlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - ground, land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated", "*dāgān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn", "*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up", "*tîrôš*": "noun, masculine singular - new wine, must", "*ʾumlal*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is withered", "*yiṣhār*": "noun, masculine singular - fresh oil, olive oil" }, "variants": { "*Šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ravaged/destroyed", "*śāḏeh*": "field/country/land", "*ʾāḇlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "ground/land/soil", "*šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ruined/destroyed", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat", "*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/must/fresh grape juice", "*ʾumlal*": "is withered/languishes/droops", "*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.1.11", "source": "הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*Hôḇîšû* *ʾikkārîm* *hêlîlû* *kōrəmîm* *ʿal*-*ḥiṭṭāh* *wə*-*ʿal*-*śəʿōrāh* *kî* *ʾāḇaḏ* *qəṣîr* *śāḏeh*", "grammar": { "*Hôḇîšû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - be ashamed", "*ʾikkārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - farmers, plowmen", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*kōrəmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vinedressers", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning", "*ḥiṭṭāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wheat", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning", "*śəʿōrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - barley", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has perished", "*qəṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field" }, "variants": { "*Hôḇîšû*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded", "*ʾikkārîm*": "farmers/plowmen/tillers", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*kōrəmîm*": "vinedressers/vine keepers", "*ḥiṭṭāh*": "wheat/grain", "*śəʿōrāh*": "barley", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "has perished/is destroyed/is lost", "*qəṣîr*": "harvest/crop" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joel.1.12", "source": "הַגֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*Haggep̄en* *hôḇîšāh* *wə*-*hattəʾēnāh* *ʾumlālāh* *rimmôn* *gam*-*tāmār* *wə*-*ṯappûaḥ* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh* *yāḇēšû* *kî*-*hôḇîš* *śāśôn* *min*-*bənê* *ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*Haggep̄en*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the vine", "*hôḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is dried up", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hattəʾēnāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fig tree", "*ʾumlālāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is withered", "*rimmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pomegranate", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*tāmār*": "noun, masculine singular - date palm", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṯappûaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - apple tree", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of", "*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field", "*yāḇēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are dried up", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up", "*śāśôn*": "noun, masculine singular - joy, gladness", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind, humanity" }, "variants": { "*hôḇîšāh*": "is dried up/withered/failed", "*ʾumlālāh*": "is withered/languishes/droops", "*rimmôn*": "pomegranate tree/pomegranate", "*tāmār*": "date palm/palm tree", "*ṯappûaḥ*": "apple tree/apricot tree", "*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of", "*yāḇēšû*": "are dried up/withered/parched", "*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing", "*bənê ʾāḏām*": "sons of mankind/human beings/people" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joel.1.13", "source": "חִגְר֨וּ וְסִפְד֜וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י מִזְבֵּ֔חַ בֹּ֚אוּ לִ֣ינוּ בַשַּׂקִּ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י אֱלֹהָ֑י כִּ֥י נִמְנַ֛ע מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִנְחָ֥ה וָנָֽסֶךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥigrû* *wə*-*sip̄ḏû* *hakkōhănîm* *hêlîlû* *məšārəṯê* *mizbêaḥ* *bōʾû* *lînû* *baśśaqqîm* *məšārəṯê* *ʾĕlōhāy* *kî* *nimnaʿ* *mibbêṯ* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* *minḥāh* *wā*-*nāseḵ*", "grammar": { "*Ḥigrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - gird yourselves", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*sip̄ḏû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - mourn, lament", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of", "*mizbêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar", "*bōʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*lînû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - spend the night", "*baśśaqqîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the sackcloth", "*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my God", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*nimnaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is withheld", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grain offering", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*nāseḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - drink offering" }, "variants": { "*Ḥigrû*": "gird yourselves/clothe yourselves/put on", "*sip̄ḏû*": "mourn/lament/wail", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*məšārəṯê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of", "*mizbêaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*bōʾû*": "come/enter/go", "*lînû*": "spend the night/lodge/remain overnight", "*baśśaqqîm*": "in sackcloth/in mourning garments", "*nimnaʿ*": "is withheld/is kept back/is withdrawn", "*minḥāh*": "grain offering/meal offering/tribute", "*nāseḵ*": "drink offering/libation" } } 14 { "verseID": "Joel.1.14", "source": "קַדְּשׁוּ־צוֹם֙ קִרְא֣וּ עֲצָרָ֔ה אִסְפ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְזַעֲק֖וּ אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Qaddəšû*-*ṣôm* *qirʾû* *ʿăṣārāh* *ʾisp̄û* *zəqēnîm* *kōl* *yōšəḇê* *hāʾāreṣ* *bêṯ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* *wə*-*zaʿăqû* *ʾel*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Qaddəšû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate, sanctify", "*ṣôm*": "noun, masculine singular - fast", "*qirʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - call, proclaim", "*ʿăṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - solemn assembly", "*ʾisp̄û*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - gather", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - elders", "*kōl*": "construct state - all of", "*yōšəḇê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of, dwellers of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*zaʿăqû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - cry out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to, unto", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*Qaddəšû*": "consecrate/sanctify/set apart", "*ṣôm*": "fast/abstention from food", "*qirʾû*": "call/proclaim/announce", "*ʿăṣārāh*": "solemn assembly/sacred gathering", "*ʾisp̄û*": "gather/assemble/collect", "*yōšəḇê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers of/residents of", "*zaʿăqû*": "cry out/call loudly/shriek" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joel.1.15", "source": "אֲהָ֖הּ לַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה וּכְשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*ʾĂhāh* *layyôm* *kî* *qārôḇ* *yôm* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəšōḏ* *miššadday* *yāḇôʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾĂhāh*": "interjection - alas, ah", "*layyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the day", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵəšōḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like destruction", "*miššadday*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the Almighty", "*yāḇôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come" }, "variants": { "*ʾĂhāh*": "alas/woe/ah", "*qārôḇ*": "near/imminent/at hand", "*šōḏ*": "destruction/devastation/ruin", "*šadday*": "Almighty/the powerful One", "*yāḇôʾ*": "it will come/it will arrive" } } 16 { "verseID": "Joel.1.16", "source": "הֲל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖ינוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִֽיל׃", "text": "*Hălôʾ* *negeḏ* *ʿênênû* *ʾōḵel* *niḵrāṯ* *mibbêṯ* *ʾĕlōhênû* *śimḥāh* *wā*-*gîl*", "grammar": { "*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*negeḏ*": "preposition - before", "*ʿênênû*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our eyes", "*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*niḵrāṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our God", "*śimḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - joy", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*gîl*": "noun, masculine singular - gladness" }, "variants": { "*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/meal", "*niḵrāṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld", "*śimḥāh*": "joy/happiness/pleasure", "*gîl*": "gladness/rejoicing/exultation" } } 17 { "verseID": "Joel.1.17", "source": "עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻד֗וֹת תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָר֔וֹת נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻר֑וֹת כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן׃", "text": "*ʿāḇšû* *p̄əruḏôṯ* *taḥaṯ* *meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem* *nāšammû* *ʾōṣārôṯ* *nehersû* *mamməḡurôṯ* *kî* *hôḇîš* *dāḡān*", "grammar": { "*ʿāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they rot, shrivel", "*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - seeds, grains", "*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - beneath, under", "*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their clods", "*nāšammû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate", "*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - storehouses", "*nehersû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are broken down", "*mamməḡurôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - barns, granaries", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up", "*dāḡān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn" }, "variants": { "*ʿāḇšû*": "they rot/shrivel/decay", "*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "seeds/grains/separated things", "*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "their clods/their shovels/their lumps of soil", "*nāšammû*": "they are desolate/they are laid waste", "*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "storehouses/treasuries/repositories", "*nehersû*": "they are broken down/they are demolished", "*mamməḡurôṯ*": "barns/granaries/storehouses", "*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed", "*dāḡān*": "grain/corn/wheat" } } 18 { "verseID": "Joel.1.18", "source": "מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃", "text": "*Mah*-*nneʾenḥāh* *ḇəhēmāh* *nāḇōḵû* *ʿeḏrê* *ḇāqār* *kî* *ʾên* *mirʿeh* *lāhem* *gam*-*ʿeḏrê* *haṣṣōʾn* *neʾšāmû*", "grammar": { "*Mah*": "interrogative - how", "*nneʾenḥāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - groans", "*ḇəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cattle, beasts", "*nāḇōḵû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are confused, wander", "*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - herds of", "*ḇāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - cattle, oxen", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - flocks of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sheep", "*neʾšāmû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate, suffer punishment" }, "variants": { "*nneʾenḥāh*": "groans/sighs/moans", "*ḇəhēmāh*": "cattle/beasts/animals", "*nāḇōḵû*": "are confused/wander/are perplexed", "*ʿeḏrê*": "herds of/flocks of", "*ḇāqār*": "cattle/oxen/bovine animals", "*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land", "*neʾšāmû*": "they are desolate/they suffer punishment/they bear guilt" } } 19 { "verseID": "Joel.1.19", "source": "אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*ʾÊlêḵā* *YHWH* *ʾeqrāʾ* *kî* *ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *miḏbār* *wə*-*lehāḇāh* *lihăṭāh* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾÊlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I call, I cry out", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured", "*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*miḏbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lehāḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - flame", "*lihăṭāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has scorched", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of", "*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field" }, "variants": { "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I call/I cry out/I call upon", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated land", "*lehāḇāh*": "flame/blaze", "*lihăṭāh*": "has scorched/has set ablaze/has burned", "*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joel.1.20", "source": "גַּם־בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדֶ֖ה תַּעֲר֣וֹג אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֤י יָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֔יִם וְאֵ֕שׁ אָכְלָ֖ה נְא֥וֹת הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*Gam*-*bahămôṯ* *śāḏeh* *taʿărôḡ* *ʾēlêḵā* *kî* *yāḇšû* *ʾăp̄îqê* *māyim* *wə*-*ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *hammiḏbār*", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*bahămôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - beasts of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*taʿărôḡ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - pants, longs", "*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*yāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are dried up", "*ʾăp̄îqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - channels of", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured", "*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*bahămôṯ*": "beasts of/animals of", "*taʿărôḡ*": "pants/longs/yearns", "*yāḇšû*": "they are dried up/they are parched", "*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels of/streams of/water courses of", "*māyim*": "water/waters", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/the desert/the uncultivated land" } }
• Joel 3:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Joel.3.1", "source": "כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "For *hinnēh* in the *yāmîm* those and in the *ʿēt* that which *ʾāšîḇ* *ʾeṯ*-*šəḇûṯ* *yəhûḏāh* and-*yərûšālā͏im*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/indeed", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*hāhēmmāh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine plural - those", "*ûḇāʿēṯ*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and in the time", "*hahî*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - that", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will bring back/restore", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šəḇûṯ*": "feminine singular construct - captivity/fortunes", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wîrûšālā͏im*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/indeed", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "restore/return/bring back", "*šəḇûṯ*": "captivity/fortunes/former state" } } 2 { "verseID": "Joel.3.2", "source": "וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י עִמָּ֜ם שָׁ֗ם עַל־עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּזְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־אַרְצִ֖י חִלֵּֽקוּ", "text": "And-*qibbāṣtî* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*gôyim* and-*hôraḏtîm* to-*ʿēmeq* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* and-*nišpaṭtî* with-them there concerning-*ʿammî* and-*naḥălāṯî* *yiśrāʾēl* which *pizzərû* among-the-*gôyim* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾarṣî* *ḥillēqû*", "grammar": { "*wəqibbāṣtî*": "conjunction + piel perfect 1st person singular - and I will gather", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kāl-haggôyim*": "construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*wəhôraḏtîm*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will bring them down", "*ʾel-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to the valley of", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*wənišpaṭtî*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 1st person singular - and I will enter into judgment", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿal-ʿammî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - concerning my people", "*wənaḥălāṯî*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my inheritance", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/who", "*pizzərû*": "piel perfect 3rd person plural - they scattered", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*wəʾeṯ-ʾarṣî*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my land", "*ḥillēqû*": "piel perfect 3rd person plural - they divided" }, "variants": { "*qibbāṣtî*": "gather/assemble/collect", "*hôraḏtîm*": "bring down/lead down", "*ʿēmeq yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "Valley of Jehoshaphat/Valley of YHWH's judgment", "*nišpaṭtî*": "enter into judgment/contend/judge", "*pizzərû*": "scattered/dispersed", "*ḥillēqû*": "divided/partitioned/apportioned" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joel.3.3", "source": "וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖י יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ", "text": "And-for-*ʿammî* *yaddû* *gôrāl* and-*yittənû* the-*yeleḏ* for-the-*zônāh* and-the-*yaldāh* *māḵərû* for-the-*yayin* and-*yištû*", "grammar": { "*wəʾel-ʿammî*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - and for my people", "*yaddû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they cast", "*gôrāl*": "masculine singular noun - lot", "*wayyittənû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*hayyeleḏ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the boy", "*bazzônāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - for the prostitute", "*wəhayyaldāh*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the girl", "*māḵərû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they sold", "*bayyayin*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - for the wine", "*wayyištû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they drank" }, "variants": { "*yaddû*": "cast/throw", "*gôrāl*": "lot/portion", "*yittənû*": "gave/exchanged", "*yeleḏ*": "boy/male child", "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot", "*yaldāh*": "girl/female child", "*māḵərû*": "sold/traded", "*yayin*": "wine", "*yištû*": "drank/consumed" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joel.3.4", "source": "וְ֠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ צֹ֣ר וְצִיד֔וֹן וְכֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת הַגְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔י וְאִם־גֹּמְלִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ עָלַ֔י קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם", "text": "And-*gam* what-you to-me *ṣōr* and-*ṣîḏôn* and-all *gəlîlôṯ* *pəlāšeṯ* the-*gəmûl* you *məšalləmîm* upon-me and-if-*gōməlîm* you upon-me *qal* *məhērāh* *ʾāšîḇ* *gəmulḵem* upon-*rōʾšḵem*", "grammar": { "*wəḡam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also/moreover", "*māh-ʾattem*": "interrogative + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - what are you", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*wəṣîḏôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Sidon", "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun construct - and all", "*gəlîlôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - regions/districts of", "*pəlāšeṯ*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*hagəmûl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the recompense", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*məšalləmîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - repaying/rendering", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - upon/against me", "*wəʾim-gōməlîm*": "conjunction + conditional particle + qal participle masculine plural - and if dealing/repaying", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - upon/against me", "*qal*": "adjective - swift", "*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will return", "*gəmulḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your recompense", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon your head" }, "variants": { "*gam*": "also/moreover/even", "*gəlîlôṯ*": "regions/districts/territories", "*gəmûl*": "recompense/dealing/retribution", "*məšalləmîm*": "repaying/rendering/returning", "*gōməlîm*": "dealing/repaying/retributing", "*qal məhērāh*": "swift(ly) quickly/very soon", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "return/bring back/repay", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "upon your head/on yourselves" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joel.3.5", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־כַּסְפִּ֥י וּזְהָבִ֖י לְקַחְתֶּ֑ם וּמַֽחֲמַדַּי֙ הַטֹּבִ֔ים הֲבֵאתֶ֖ם לְהֵיכְלֵיכֶֽם", "text": "Which-*kaspî* and-*zəhāḇî* *ləqaḥtem* and-*maḥămadday* the-*ṭôḇîm* *hăḇēʾṯem* to-*hêḵəlêḵem*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*kaspî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my silver", "*ûzəhāḇî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my gold", "*ləqaḥtem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you took", "*ûmaḥămadday*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my precious things", "*haṭṭôḇîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the good/fine", "*hăḇēʾṯem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you brought", "*ləhêḵəlêḵem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to your temples/palaces" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*zāhāḇ*": "gold", "*ləqaḥtem*": "took/carried away", "*maḥămaddîm*": "precious things/desirable objects/treasures", "*ṭôḇîm*": "good/fine/pleasant", "*hêḵāl*": "temple/palace/sanctuary" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.3.6", "source": "וּבְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם מְכַרְתֶּ֖ם לִבְנֵ֣י הַיְּוָנִ֑ים לְמַ֥עַן הַרְחִיקָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל גְּבוּלָֽם", "text": "And-*bənê* *yəhûḏāh* and-*bənê* *yərûšālaim* *məḵartem* to-*bənê* the-*yəwānîm* in-order *harḥîqām* from-*ʿal* *gəḇûlām*", "grammar": { "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and the sons/children of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and the sons/children of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*məḵartem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you sold", "*liḇnê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to the sons/children of", "*hayəwānîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Greeks/Ionians", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*harḥîqām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to remove them far", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*gəḇûlām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their border/territory" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*məḵartem*": "sold/traded", "*yəwānîm*": "Greeks/Ionians/Javan's descendants", "*harḥîqām*": "remove far/distance/separate", "*gəḇûl*": "border/territory/boundary" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joel.3.7", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י מְעִירָ֔ם מִן־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑מָּה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם", "text": "*Hinənî* *məʿîrām* from-the-*māqôm* which-*məḵartem* them *šāmmāh* and-*hăšiḇōṯî* *gəmulḵem* on-*rōʾšḵem*", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*məʿîrām*": "hiphil participle masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - arousing/stirring them", "*min-hammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*məḵartem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you sold", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb + directional he - there/thither", "*wahăšiḇōṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will return", "*gəmulḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your recompense", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - on your head" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am/look, I", "*məʿîrām*": "arousing/stirring/awakening them", "*māqôm*": "place/location", "*məḵartem*": "sold/traded", "*hăšiḇōṯî*": "return/bring back/repay", "*gəmul*": "recompense/dealing/retribution", "*bərōʾšḵem*": "on your head/on yourselves" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joel.3.8", "source": "וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְכָר֥וּם לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם אֶל־גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר", "text": "And-*māḵartî* *ʾeṯ*-*bənêḵem* and-*ʾeṯ*-*bənôṯêḵem* in-*yaḏ* *bənê* *yəhûḏāh* and-*məḵārûm* to-*šəḇāʾîm* to-*gôy* *rāḥôq* for *YHWH* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*ûmāḵartî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will sell", "*ʾeṯ-bənêḵem*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*wəʾeṯ-bənôṯêḵem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your daughters", "*bəyaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - into the hand of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûməḵārûm*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they will sell them", "*lišəḇāʾîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - to the Sabeans", "*ʾel-gôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to a nation", "*rāḥôq*": "adjective masculine singular - distant/far", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*māḵartî*": "sell/trade", "*bənêḵem*": "your sons/your children", "*bənôṯêḵem*": "your daughters", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/control", "*məḵārûm*": "sell them/trade them", "*šəḇāʾîm*": "Sabeans/people of Sheba", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*rāḥôq*": "distant/far/remote", "*dibbēr*": "spoken/declared/said" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joel.3.9", "source": "קִרְאוּ־זֹאת֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הָעִ֙ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים יִגְּשׁ֣וּ יַֽעֲל֔וּ כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה", "text": "*Qirʾû*-this in-the-*gôyim* *qaddəšû* *milḥāmāh* *hāʿîrû* the-*gibbôrîm* *yiggəšû* *yaʿălû* all *ʾanšê* the-*milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qirʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - proclaim/call out", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative feminine singular - this", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*qaddəšû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - sanctify/prepare", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*hāʿîrû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - arouse/stir up", "*haggibbôrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mighty men/warriors", "*yiggəšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them approach", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them go up", "*kōl*": "noun construct - all of", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the war/battle" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû*": "proclaim/call out/announce", "*qaddəšû*": "sanctify/prepare/consecrate", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/conflict", "*hāʿîrû*": "arouse/stir up/awaken", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yiggəšû*": "approach/draw near/come close", "*yaʿălû*": "go up/ascend/advance", "*ʾanšê hammilḥāmāh*": "men of war/soldiers/warriors" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.3.10", "source": "כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי", "text": "*Kōttû* *ʾittêḵem* to-*ḥărāḇôṯ* and-*mazməroṯêḵem* to-*rəmāḥîm* the-*ḥallāš* *yōʾmar* *gibbôr* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*kōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - beat/hammer", "*ʾittêḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your plowshares", "*laḥărāḇôṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - into swords", "*ûmazməroṯêḵem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your pruning hooks", "*lirəmāḥîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - into spears", "*haḥallāš*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the weak", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - let him say", "*gibbôr*": "adjective masculine singular - mighty", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*kōttû*": "beat/hammer/forge", "*ʾittêḵem*": "your plowshares/your plow blades", "*ḥărāḇôṯ*": "swords/knives", "*mazməroṯêḵem*": "your pruning hooks/your pruning knives", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*ḥallāš*": "weak/feeble", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.3.11", "source": "ע֣וּשׁוּ וָבֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּה הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ", "text": "*ʿûšû* and-*bōʾû* all-the-*gôyim* from-*sāḇîḇ* and-*niqbāṣû* *šāmmāh* *hanḥaṯ* *YHWH* *gibbôrêḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿûšû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - hasten/make haste", "*wāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and come", "*ḵāl-haggôyim*": "construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from around/from every side", "*wəniqbāṣû*": "conjunction + niphal imperative masculine plural - and be gathered", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb + directional he - there/thither", "*hanḥaṯ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*gibbôrêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mighty ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿûšû*": "hasten/hurry/make haste", "*bōʾû*": "come/enter/arrive", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*missāḇîḇ*": "from around/from all sides/surrounding", "*niqbāṣû*": "be gathered/assemble/come together", "*hanḥaṯ*": "bring down/lead down", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes" } }
• Lev 26:14-46 : 14 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.14", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֺ֖ת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And-if-not *tišmeʿû* to-me and-not *taʿăśû* *ʾēt* all-*hammiṣwōt* *hāʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*tišmeʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will listen", "*taʿăśû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will do", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hammiṣwōt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the commandments", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these" }, "variants": { "*tišmeʿû*": "listen/obey/heed", "*taʿăśû*": "do/perform/fulfill", "*hammiṣwōt*": "the commandments/the precepts/the ordinances" } } 15 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.15", "source": "וְאִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֣י תִּמְאָ֔סוּ וְאִ֥ם אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י תִּגְעַ֣ל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֤י עֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתַ֔י לְהַפְרְכֶ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃", "text": "And-if-in-*ḥuqqōtay* *timʾāsû* and-if *ʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *tigʿal* *napšekem* to-*biltî* *ʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*miṣwōtay* to-*happrekem* *ʾet*-*berîtî*", "grammar": { "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*timʾāsû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will reject", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*tigʿal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will abhor", "*napšekem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your soul", "*biltî*": "preposition - not", "*ʿăśôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to do", "*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my commandments", "*happrekem*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your breaking", "*berîtî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my ordinances", "*timʾāsû*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/my ordinances/my laws", "*tigʿal*": "abhor/loathe/reject", "*napšekem*": "your soul/your being/yourselves", "*biltî*": "not/without/except", "*happrekem*": "your breaking/your violating/your nullifying", "*berîtî*": "my covenant/my agreement/my promise" } } 16 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.16", "source": "אַף־אֲנִ֞י אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂה־זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֗ם וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁחֶ֣פֶת וְאֶת־הַקַּדַּ֔חַת מְכַלּ֥וֹת עֵינַ֖יִם וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וַאֲכָלֻ֖הוּ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "Also-I *ʾeʿĕśeh*-*zōʾt* to-you and-*hipqadtî* upon-you *behālâ* *ʾet*-*haššaḥepet* and-*ʾet*-*haqqaddaḥat* *mekalôt* *ʿênayim* and-*medîbōt* *nāpeš* and-*zeraʿtem* to-*rîq* *zarʿăkem* and-*ʾăkāluhû* *ʾōyebêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hipqadtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will appoint", "*behālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - terror/sudden destruction", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haššaḥepet*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the consumption/tuberculosis", "*haqqaddaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the fever", "*mekalôt*": "verb, piel participle, feminine plural - consuming", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes", "*medîbōt*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine plural - causing to pine away", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul", "*zeraʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will sow", "*rîq*": "noun, masculine singular - emptiness/vanity", "*zarʿăkem*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your seed", "*ʾăkāluhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they will eat it", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*behālâ*": "terror/sudden destruction/panic", "*haššaḥepet*": "consumption/tuberculosis/wasting disease", "*haqqaddaḥat*": "fever/burning ague", "*mekalôt*": "consuming/destroying/wasting", "*medîbōt*": "causing to pine away/causing sorrow/causing grief", "*rîq*": "emptiness/vanity/for nothing" } } 17 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.17", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְנִגַּפְתֶּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְרָד֤וּ בָכֶם֙ שֹֽׂנְאֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַסְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֥ף אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *pānay* against-you and-*niggaptem* before *ʾōyebêkem* and-*rādû* in-you *śōneʾêkem* and-*nastem* and-*ʾên*-*rōdēp* *ʾetkem*", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will set", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*niggaptem*": "verb, niphal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will be struck down", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*rādû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with waw consecutive - and they will rule", "*śōneʾêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - those who hate you", "*nastem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will flee", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*rōdēp*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*pānay*": "my face/my presence/my attention", "*niggaptem*": "be struck down/be defeated/be smitten", "*rādû*": "rule over/dominate/have dominion over", "*śōneʾêkem*": "those who hate you/your haters/your enemies", "*nastem*": "flee/run away/escape" } } 18 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.18", "source": "וְאִ֨ם־עַד־אֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וְיָסַפְתִּי֙ לְיַסְּרָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-if-until-*ʾēlleh* not *tišmeʿû* to-me and-*yāsaptî* to-*yassĕrâ* *ʾetkem* *šebaʿ* upon-*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*tišmeʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will listen", "*yāsaptî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will continue", "*yassĕrâ*": "verb, piel infinitive construct - to discipline", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*šebaʿ*": "numeral, feminine - seven", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins" }, "variants": { "*tišmeʿû*": "listen/obey/heed", "*yāsaptî*": "continue/add/increase", "*yassĕrâ*": "discipline/chastise/punish", "*šebaʿ*": "seven times/sevenfold", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkem*": "your sins/your offenses/your transgressions" } } 19 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.19", "source": "וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wə-šāḇartî* *ʾet*-*gəʾôn* *ʿuzzəḵem* and *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*šəmêḵem* like *ka-barzel* and *wə-ʾet*-*ʾarṣəḵem* like *ka-nəḥušâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-šāḇartî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will break", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gəʾôn*": "construct state, masculine singular - pride of", "*ʿuzzəḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your strength", "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will make/set", "*šəmêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heavens", "*ka-barzel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like iron", "*ʾarṣəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land/earth", "*ka-nəḥušâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*šāḇartî*": "break/shatter/destroy", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation", "*ʿuzzəḵem*": "strength/might/power", "*nāṯattî*": "give/put/set/make", "*barzel*": "iron", "*nəḥušâ*": "bronze/copper" } } 20 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.20", "source": "וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תִתֵּ֤ן אַרְצְכֶם֙ אֶת־יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֣ץ הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִתֵּ֖ן פִּרְיֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wə-tam* for *lārîq* *kōḥăḵem* and *wə-lōʾ*-*titten* *ʾarṣəḵem* *ʾet*-*yəḇûlāh* and *wə-ʿēṣ* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *lōʾ* *yitten* *piryô*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tam*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and will be consumed/spent", "*lārîq*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for emptiness/vanity", "*kōḥăḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your strength", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*titten*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she will give", "*ʾarṣəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəḇûlāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her produce/yield", "*wə-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and tree of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yitten*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will give", "*piryô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his fruit" }, "variants": { "*tam*": "be finished/consumed/exhausted", "*lārîq*": "for emptiness/vanity/nothingness", "*kōḥăḵem*": "strength/power/might", "*titten*": "give/yield/produce", "*yəḇûlāh*": "produce/yield/increase", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*piry*": "fruit/produce" } } 21 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.21", "source": "וְאִם־תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּי֙ קֶ֔רִי וְלֹ֥א תֹאב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ לִ֑י וְיָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע כְּחַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And if *wə-ʾim*-*tēləḵû* *ʿimmî* *qerî* and *wə-lōʾ* *ṯōʾḇû* *lišmōaʿ* to me *lî* and *wə-yāsap̄tî* upon you *ʿălêḵem* *makkâ* *šeḇaʿ* according to *kə-ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*tēləḵû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will walk/go", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*qerî*": "masculine singular noun - contrary/hostile encounter", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯōʾḇû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear/obey", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*wə-yāsap̄tî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will add/increase", "*ʿălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*makkâ*": "feminine singular noun - blow/strike/plague", "*šeḇaʿ*": "cardinal number - seven", "*kə-ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - according to your sins" }, "variants": { "*tēləḵû*": "walk/go/behave", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition", "*ṯōʾḇû*": "be willing/consent/agree", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/listen/obey", "*yāsap̄tî*": "add/increase/continue", "*makkâ*": "blow/stroke/plague", "*šeḇaʿ*": "seven (possibly meaning 'sevenfold')", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "sins/offenses" } } 22 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.22", "source": "וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֨י בָכֶ֜ם אֶת־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְשִׁכְּלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִכְרִ֙יתָה֙ אֶת־בְּהֶמְתְּכֶ֔ם וְהִמְעִ֖יטָה אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְנָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-hišlaḥtî* among you *ḇāḵem* *ʾet*-*ḥayyaṯ* *ha-śāḏeh* and *wə-šikkəlâ* you *ʾeṯḵem* and *wə-hiḵrîṯâ* *ʾet*-*bəhemtəḵem* and *wə-himʿîṭâ* you *ʾeṯḵem* and *wə-nāšammû* *darḵêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišlaḥtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will send", "*ḇāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - animal/beast of", "*ha-śāḏeh*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the field", "*wə-šikkəlâ*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it will bereave", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*wə-hiḵrîṯâ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it will cut off", "*bəhemtəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your cattle", "*wə-himʿîṭâ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it will diminish", "*wə-nāšammû*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will be desolate", "*darḵêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ways/roads" }, "variants": { "*hišlaḥtî*": "send/let loose/release", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "beast/animal/living creature", "*śāḏeh*": "field/open country", "*šikkəlâ*": "bereave/make childless/destroy", "*hiḵrîṯâ*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*bəhemtəḵem*": "cattle/livestock/beasts", "*himʿîṭâ*": "diminish/reduce/make few", "*nāšammû*": "be desolate/deserted/uninhabited", "*darḵêḵem*": "ways/roads/paths" } } 23 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.23", "source": "וְאִ֨ם־בְּאֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי׃", "text": "And if *wə-ʾim*-*bə-ʾēlleh* *lōʾ* *tiwwāsərû* to me *lî* and *wa-hălaḵtem* with me *ʿimmî* *qerî*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*bə-ʾēlleh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun plural - by/with these", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiwwāsərû*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be corrected/instructed", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*wa-hălaḵtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will walk", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*qerî*": "masculine singular noun - contrary/hostile encounter" }, "variants": { "*tiwwāsərû*": "be corrected/disciplined/chastened", "*hălaḵtem*": "walk/go/behave", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition" } } 24 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.24", "source": "וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-hālaḵtî* also *ʾap̄* I *ʾănî* with you *ʿimmāḵem* in *bə-qerî* and *wə-hikkêṯî* you *ʾeṯḵem* also *gam* I *ʾānî* *šeḇaʿ* for *ʿal*-*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hālaḵtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will walk", "*ʾap̄*": "conjunction/particle - also/even", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*bə-qerî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in hostility", "*wə-hikkêṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will strike", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*gam*": "conjunction/particle - also/even", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šeḇaʿ*": "cardinal number - seven", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for/because of", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵtî*": "walk/go/behave", "*ʾap̄*": "also/even/indeed", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition", "*hikkêṯî*": "strike/smite/hit", "*gam*": "also/moreover/even", "*šeḇaʿ*": "seven (possibly meaning 'sevenfold')", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "sins/offenses" } } 25 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.25", "source": "וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נְקַם־בְּרִ֔ית וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶל־עָרֵיכֶ֑ם וְשִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי דֶ֙בֶר֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־אוֹיֵֽב׃", "text": "And *wə-hēḇēʾṯî* upon you *ʿălêḵem* *ḥereḇ* *nōqemeṯ* *nəqam*-*bərîṯ* and *wə-neʾĕsap̄tem* to *ʾel*-*ʿārêḵem* and *wə-šillaḥtî* *ḏeḇer* in *bə-ṯôḵəḵem* and *wə-nittaṯtem* in *bə-yaḏ*-*ʾôyēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will bring", "*ʿălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*nōqemeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - avenging", "*nəqam*": "masculine singular construct - vengeance of", "*bərîṯ*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*wə-neʾĕsap̄tem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will be gathered", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʿārêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your cities", "*wə-šillaḥtî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 1st person singular - and I will send", "*ḏeḇer*": "masculine singular noun - pestilence", "*bə-ṯôḵəḵem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your midst", "*wə-nittaṯtem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will be given", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - into hand of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*hēḇēʾṯî*": "bring/lead/carry", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*nōqemeṯ*": "avenging/taking vengeance", "*nəqam*": "vengeance/revenge", "*bərîṯ*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*neʾĕsap̄tem*": "be gathered/assembled/brought in", "*ʿārêḵem*": "cities/towns", "*šillaḥtî*": "send/dispatch/release", "*ḏeḇer*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*ṯôḵəḵem*": "midst/middle/among", "*nittaṯtem*": "be given/delivered/handed over", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/control", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } } 26 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.26", "source": "בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־לֶחֶם֒ וְ֠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃", "text": "In *bə-šiḇrî* to you *lāḵem* *maṭṭēh*-*leḥem* and *wə-ʾāp̄û* *ʿeśer* *nāšîm* your bread *laḥməḵem* in *bə-tannûr* *ʾeḥāḏ* and *wə-hēšîḇû* your bread *laḥməḵem* by *ba-mišqāl* and *wa-ʾăḵaltem* and *wə-lōʾ* *ṯiśbāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*bə-šiḇrî*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - when I break", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*maṭṭēh*": "masculine singular construct - staff/rod of", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*wə-ʾāp̄û*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will bake", "*ʿeśer*": "cardinal number - ten", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*laḥməḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your bread", "*bə-tannûr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in oven", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "cardinal number - one", "*wə-hēšîḇû*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will return/give back", "*ba-mišqāl*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - by weight", "*wa-ʾăḵaltem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will eat", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯiśbāʿû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be satisfied" }, "variants": { "*šiḇrî*": "break/shatter/destroy", "*maṭṭēh*": "staff/rod/support", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*ʾāp̄û*": "bake/cook", "*nāšîm*": "women", "*laḥməḵem*": "your bread/food", "*tannûr*": "oven/furnace", "*hēšîḇû*": "return/restore/bring back", "*mišqāl*": "weight/measure", "*ʾăḵaltem*": "eat/consume", "*ṯiśbāʿû*": "be satisfied/filled/have enough" } } 27 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.27", "source": "וְאִ֨ם־בְּזֹ֔את לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃", "text": "And if *wə-ʾim*-*bə-zōʾṯ* *lōʾ* *ṯišməʿû* to me *lî* and *wa-hălaḵtem* with me *ʿimmî* in *bə-qerî*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*bə-zōʾṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - in/by this", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯišməʿû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will listen/hear/obey", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*wa-hălaḵtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will walk", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*bə-qerî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in hostility" }, "variants": { "*zōʾṯ*": "this (feminine singular)", "*ṯišməʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*hălaḵtem*": "walk/go/behave", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition" } } 28 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.28", "source": "וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בַּחֲמַת־קֶ֑רִי וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם׃", "text": "And *wə-hālaḵtî* with you *ʿimmāḵem* in *ba-ḥămaṯ*-*qerî* and *wə-yissartî* you *ʾeṯḵem* also *ʾap̄*-*ʾānî* *šeḇaʿ* for *ʿal*-*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hālaḵtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will walk", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*ba-ḥămaṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in fury of", "*qerî*": "masculine singular noun - hostility", "*wə-yissartî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 1st person singular - and I will chastise", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾap̄*": "conjunction/particle - also/even", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šeḇaʿ*": "cardinal number - seven", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for/because of", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵtî*": "walk/go/behave", "*ḥămaṯ*": "heat/fury/wrath", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition", "*yissartî*": "chastise/discipline/punish", "*ʾap̄*": "also/even/indeed", "*šeḇaʿ*": "seven (possibly meaning 'sevenfold')", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯêḵem*": "sins/offenses" } } 29 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.29", "source": "וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם בְּשַׂ֣ר בְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וּבְשַׂ֥ר בְּנֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "And *wa-ʾăḵaltem* *bəśar* *bənêḵem* and *û-ḇəśar* *bənōṯêḵem* *tōʾḵēlû*.", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾăḵaltem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will eat", "*bəśar*": "masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*bənêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*û-ḇəśar*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and flesh of", "*bənōṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*tōʾḵēlû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will eat" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḵaltem*": "eat/consume/devour", "*bəśar*": "flesh/meat/body", "*bənêḵem*": "your sons/children (male)", "*bənōṯêḵem*": "your daughters/children (female)", "*tōʾḵēlû*": "eat/consume/devour" } } 30 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם וְגָעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-hišmaḏtî* *ʾet*-*bāmōṯêḵem* and *wə-hiḵrattî* *ʾet*-*ḥammānêḵem* and *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*piḡrêḵem* upon *ʿal*-*piḡrê* *gillûlêḵem* and *wə-ḡāʿălâ* *nap̄šî* you *ʾeṯḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišmaḏtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will destroy", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your high places", "*wə-hiḵrattî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will cut off", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sun-pillars", "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will put", "*piḡrêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*piḡrê*": "masculine plural construct - corpses of", "*gillûlêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your idols", "*wə-ḡāʿălâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and will abhor", "*nap̄šî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*hišmaḏtî*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "high places/cult platforms", "*hiḵrattî*": "cut off/cut down/destroy", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "sun-pillars/incense altars", "*nāṯattî*": "give/put/place", "*piḡrêḵem*": "corpses/dead bodies", "*gillûlêḵem*": "idols/images/dung-idols", "*ḡāʿălâ*": "abhor/loathe/reject", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/life/self" } } 31 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.31", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*ʿārêḵem* *ḥorḇâ* and *wa-hăšimmôṯî* *ʾet*-*miqdəšêḵem* and *wə-lōʾ* *ʾārîaḥ* in *bə-rêaḥ* *nîḥōḥăḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will make", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿārêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your cities", "*ḥorḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - waste/desolation", "*wa-hăšimmôṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will make desolate", "*miqdəšêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sanctuaries", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾārîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will smell", "*bə-rêaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in odor of", "*nîḥōḥăḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your pleasing (offerings)" }, "variants": { "*nāṯattî*": "give/make/set", "*ʿārêḵem*": "your cities/towns", "*ḥorḇâ*": "waste/ruin/desolation", "*hăšimmôṯî*": "make desolate/lay waste", "*miqdəšêḵem*": "your sanctuaries/holy places", "*ʾārîaḥ*": "smell/perceive odor", "*rêaḥ*": "odor/scent/smell", "*nîḥōḥăḵem*": "your pleasant/sweet/pleasing (offerings)" } } 32 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.32", "source": "וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wa-hăšimmōṯî* I *ʾănî* *ʾet*-*hā-ʾāreṣ* and *wə-šāmməmû* upon her *ʿālêhā* *ʾōyəḇêḵem* *ha-yōšəḇîm* in her *bāh*.", "grammar": { "*wa-hăšimmōṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will make desolate", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*wə-šāmməmû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will be astonished", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*ʾōyəḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*ha-yōšəḇîm*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones dwelling", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*hăšimmōṯî*": "make desolate/lay waste", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*šāmməmû*": "be astonished/appalled/desolate", "*ʾōyəḇêḵem*": "your enemies/foes/adversaries", "*yōšəḇîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } } 33 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.33", "source": "וְאֶתְכֶם֙ אֱזָרֶ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב וְהָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצְכֶם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ חָרְבָּֽה׃", "text": "And you *wə-ʾeṯḵem* *ʾĕzāreh* among *ḇa-gôyim* and *wa-hărîqōṯî* after you *ʾaḥărêḵem* *ḥāreḇ* and *wə-hāyəṯâ* your land *ʾarṣəḵem* *šəmāmâ* and your cities *wə-ʿārêḵem* *yihyû* *ḥorḇâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾeṯḵem*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and you", "*ʾĕzāreh*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will scatter", "*ḇa-gôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*wa-hărîqōṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will draw", "*ʾaḥărêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - after you", "*ḥāreḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-hāyəṯâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and will be", "*ʾarṣəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land", "*šəmāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation", "*wə-ʿārêḵem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your cities", "*yihyû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be", "*ḥorḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - waste/desolation" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕzāreh*": "scatter/disperse/winnow", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*hărîqōṯî*": "draw out/unsheathe/empty", "*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*hāyəṯâ*": "be/become/exist", "*ʾarṣəḵem*": "your land/country/territory", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/devastation", "*ʿārêḵem*": "your cities/towns", "*yihyû*": "be/become/exist", "*ḥorḇâ*": "waste/ruin/desolation" } } 34 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.34", "source": "אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ כֹּ֚ל יְמֵ֣י הֳשַׁמָּ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אָ֚ז תִּשְׁבַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְצָ֖ת אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "Then *ʾāz* *tirṣeh* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾet*-*šabbəṯōṯêhā* all *kōl* days of *yəmê* *hošammâ* and you *wə-ʾattem* in land of *bə-ʾereṣ* your enemies *ʾōyəḇêḵem* then *ʾāz* *tišbaṯ* *hā-ʾāreṣ* and *wə-hirṣāṯ* *ʾet*-*šabbəṯōṯêhā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*tirṣeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she will enjoy/accept", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šabbəṯōṯêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her sabbaths", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yəmê*": "masculine plural construct - days of", "*hošammâ*": "Hophal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her being desolate", "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine plural independent pronoun - and you", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + construct - in land of", "*ʾōyəḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*tišbaṯ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she will rest", "*wə-hirṣāṯ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she will make up for", "*šabbəṯōṯêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her sabbaths" }, "variants": { "*ʾāz*": "then/at that time", "*tirṣeh*": "enjoy/accept/be pleased with", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*šabbəṯōṯêhā*": "her sabbaths/rest periods", "*hošammâ*": "being desolate/lying waste", "*ʾōyəḇêḵem*": "your enemies/foes/adversaries", "*tišbaṯ*": "rest/cease/desist", "*hirṣāṯ*": "make up for/satisfy/pay off" } } 35 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.35", "source": "כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הָשַׁמָּ֖ה תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־שָׁבְתָ֛ה בְּשַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בְּשִׁבְתְּכֶ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "All *kol*-*yəmê* *ha-šammâ* *tišbōṯ* *ʾēṯ* that which *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*šāḇəṯâ* in your sabbaths *bə-šabbəṯōṯêḵem* in your dwelling *bə-šiḇtəḵem* upon it *ʿālêhā*.", "grammar": { "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yəmê*": "masculine plural construct - days of", "*ha-šammâ*": "definite article + Qal infinitive construct - the desolation", "*tišbōṯ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will rest", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāḇəṯâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she rested", "*bə-šabbəṯōṯêḵem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your sabbaths", "*bə-šiḇtəḵem*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your dwelling", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon it" }, "variants": { "*yəmê*": "days of", "*šammâ*": "desolation/devastation", "*tišbōṯ*": "rest/cease/desist", "*šāḇəṯâ*": "rested/ceased/desisted", "*šabbəṯōṯêḵem*": "your sabbaths/rest periods", "*šiḇtəḵem*": "your dwelling/sitting/remaining" } } 36 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.36", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֙רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְרָדַ֣ף אֹתָ֗ם ק֚וֹל עָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֔ף וְנָס֧וּ מְנֻֽסַת־חֶ֛רֶב וְנָפְל֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין רֹדֵֽף׃", "text": "And *wə-ha-nišʾārîm* among you *bāḵem* and *wə-hēḇēʾṯî* *mōreḵ* in their hearts *bi-lḇāḇām* in lands of *bə-ʾarṣōṯ* their enemies *ʾōyəḇêhem* and *wə-rāḏap̄* them *ʾōṯām* *qôl* *ʿāleh* *niddāp̄* and *wə-nāsû* *mənusaṯ*-*ḥereḇ* and *wə-nāp̄əlû* and *wə-ʾên* *rōḏēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ha-nišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and the ones remaining", "*bāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will bring", "*mōreḵ*": "masculine singular noun - faintness/softness", "*bi-lḇāḇām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - into their hearts", "*bə-ʾarṣōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*wə-rāḏap̄*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and will pursue", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf", "*niddāp̄*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - being driven", "*wə-nāsû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will flee", "*mənusaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - flight of", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-nāp̄əlû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will fall", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*rōḏēp̄*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one pursuing" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left/surviving", "*hēḇēʾṯî*": "bring/carry/lead", "*mōreḵ*": "faintness/cowardice/softness", "*lḇāḇām*": "their heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾarṣōṯ*": "lands/territories/countries", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*rāḏap̄*": "pursue/chase/follow after", "*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice", "*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage", "*niddāp̄*": "being driven/scattered/blown away", "*nāsû*": "flee/escape/run away", "*mənusaṯ*": "flight/escape", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*nāp̄əlû*": "fall/drop/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "there is not/nothing/no", "*rōḏēp̄*": "pursuer/chaser" } } 37 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.37", "source": "וְכָשְׁל֧וּ אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֛יו כְּמִפְּנֵי־חֶ֖רֶב וְרֹדֵ֣ף אָ֑יִן וְלֹא־תִֽהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-kāšəlû* *ʾîš*-*bəʾāḥîw* *kəmippənê*-*ḥereb* *wə-rōdēp* *ʾāyin* *wə-lōʾ*-*tihyeh* *lākem* *təqûmāh* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêkem*", "grammar": { "*wə-kāšəlû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they shall stumble/fall", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - each man/one", "*bəʾāḥîw*": "preposition + masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his brother", "*kəmippənê*": "preposition + preposition + construct form - as from before/as if fleeing from", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-rōdēp*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - and pursuer", "*ʾāyin*": "adverb of negation - there is none", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*təqûmāh*": "feminine singular noun - standing/ability to stand/resistance", "*lipnê*": "preposition + construct form - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*kāšəlû*": "stumble/fall/stagger/fail", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/one another", "*kəmippənê*": "as if before/as if fleeing from", "*təqûmāh*": "standing/ability to rise/resistance/recovery" } } 38 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.38", "source": "וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וְאָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-ʾăbadtem* *baggôyim* *wə-ʾāḵəlāh* *ʾetkem* *ʾereṣ* *ʾōyəbêkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾăbadtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall perish", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*wə-ʾāḵəlāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she shall consume/devour", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct noun - land of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbadtem*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*ʾāḵəlāh*": "eat/consume/devour" } } 39 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.39", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם יִמַּ֙קּוּ֙ בּֽ͏ַעֲוֺנָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַ֛ף בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם אִתָּ֥ם יִמָּֽקּוּ׃", "text": "*wə-hannišʾārîm* *bākem* *yimmaqû* *baʿăwōnām* *bəʾarṣōt* *ʾōyəbêkem* *wə-ʾap* *baʿăwōnōt* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾittām* *yimmāqû*", "grammar": { "*wə-hannišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and those remaining", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*yimmaqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot", "*baʿăwōnām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their iniquity", "*bəʾarṣōt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also/moreover", "*baʿăwōnōt*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - in iniquities of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾittām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*yimmāqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left over/survivors", "*yimmaqû*": "rot/waste away/decay/pine away", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*ʾăbōt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 40 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.40", "source": "וְהִתְוַדּ֤וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָם֙ וְאֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֑י וְאַ֕ף אֲשֶׁר־הֽ͏ָלְכ֥וּ עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃", "text": "*wə-hitwaddû* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām* *wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn* *ʾăbōtām* *bəmaʿălām* *ʾăšer* *māʿălû*-*bî* *wə-ʾap* *ʾăšer*-*hālḵû* *ʿimmî* *bəqerî*", "grammar": { "*wə-hitwaddû*": "conjunction + Hithpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall confess", "*ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular construct - and iniquity of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*bəmaʿălām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their unfaithfulness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*māʿălû*-*bî*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - they have committed against me", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also", "*ʾăšer*-*hālḵû*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - which they walked/went", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*bəqerî*": "preposition + masculine noun - in hostility/contrary" }, "variants": { "*hitwaddû*": "confess/acknowledge", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/treachery/trespass", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition/stubbornness" } } 41 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.41", "source": "אַף־אֲנִ֗י אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּם֙ בְּקֶ֔רִי וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם בְּאֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם אוֹ־אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָם֙ הֶֽעָרֵ֔ל וְאָ֖ז יִרְצ֥וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾap*-*ʾănî* *ʾēlēḵ* *ʿimmām* *bəqerî* *wə-hēbēʾtî* *ʾōtām* *bəʾereṣ* *ʾōyəbêhem* *ʾô*-*ʾāz* *yikkānaʿ* *ləbābām* *heʿārēl* *wə-ʾāz* *yirṣû* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*", "grammar": { "*ʾap*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction/adverb + 1st person singular independent pronoun - I also", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will walk/go", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*bəqerî*": "preposition + masculine noun - in hostility/contrary", "*wə-hēbēʾtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will bring", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*ʾô*-*ʾāz*": "conjunction + adverb - or then/perhaps then", "*yikkānaʿ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be humbled", "*ləbābām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*heʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the uncircumcised", "*wə-ʾāz*": "conjunction + adverb - and then", "*yirṣû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will accept/be satisfied", "*ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity" }, "variants": { "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition/stubbornness", "*yikkānaʿ*": "be humbled/be subdued/be brought low", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/impure/obstinate", "*yirṣû*": "accept/be satisfied/pay for/make amends" } } 42 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.42", "source": "וְזָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י יַעֲק֑וֹב וְאַף֩ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֨י יִצְחָ֜ק וְאַ֨ף אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶזְכֹּ֖ר וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-zāḵartî* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *yaʿăqôb* *wə-ʾap* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *yiṣḥāq* *wə-ʾap* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *ʾabrāhām* *ʾezkōr* *wə-hāʾāreṣ* *ʾezkōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-zāḵartî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will remember", "*ʾet*-*bərîtî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*yaʿăqôb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also", "*ʾet*-*bərîtî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also", "*ʾet*-*bərîtî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʾabrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*ʾezkōr*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will remember", "*wə-hāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the land", "*ʾezkōr*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will remember" }, "variants": { "*zāḵartî*": "remember/recall/be mindful of", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty" } } 43 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.43", "source": "וְהָאָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵהֶ֜ם וְתִ֣רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ בָּהְּשַׁמָּה֙ מֵהֶ֔ם וְהֵ֖ם יִרְצ֣וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם יַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֔עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֖י גָּעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wə-hāʾāreṣ* *tēʿāzēb* *mēhem* *wə-tireṣ* *ʾet*-*šabbətōtêhā* *bāhəšammāh* *mēhem* *wə-hēm* *yirṣû* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām* *yaʿan* *ûbəyaʿan* *bəmišpāṭay* *māʾāsû* *wə-ʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay* *gāʿălāh* *napšām*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the land", "*tēʿāzēb*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she shall be abandoned", "*mēhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*wə-tireṣ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she shall enjoy/accept", "*ʾet*-*šabbətōtêhā*": "direct object marker + feminine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her sabbaths", "*bāhəšammāh*": "preposition + Hophal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her being desolate", "*mēhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*wə-hēm*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural independent pronoun - and they", "*yirṣû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will accept/make amends for", "*ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction/adverb - because", "*ûbəyaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition + conjunction/adverb - and because", "*bəmišpāṭay*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - against my judgments", "*māʾāsû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they rejected", "*wə-ʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - and my statutes", "*gāʿălāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she abhorred", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their soul" }, "variants": { "*tēʿāzēb*": "be abandoned/be forsaken/be left", "*tireṣ*": "accept/enjoy/satisfy debt", "*šabbətōt*": "sabbaths/rest periods", "*həšammāh*": "being desolate/being deserted", "*yirṣû*": "accept/make amends for/pay for/satisfy", "*māʾāsû*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*gāʿălāh*": "abhor/loathe/reject" } } 44 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.44", "source": "וְאַף־גַּם־זֹ֠את בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֞ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֗ם לֹֽא־מְאַסְתִּ֤ים וְלֹֽא־גְעַלְתִּים֙ לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם לְהָפֵ֥ר בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʾap*-*gam*-*zōʾt* *bihyôtām* *bəʾereṣ* *ʾōyəbêhem* *lōʾ*-*məʾastîm* *wə-lōʾ*-*gəʿaltîm* *ləḵallōtām* *ləhāpēr* *bərîtî* *ʾittām* *kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾap*-*gam*-*zōʾt*": "conjunction + adverb + adverb + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - and yet for all that", "*bihyôtām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their being", "*bəʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*lōʾ*-*məʾastîm*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will not reject them", "*wə-lōʾ*-*gəʿaltîm*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will not abhor them", "*ləḵallōtām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to destroy them", "*ləhāpēr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to break", "*bərîtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʾittām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*məʾastîm*": "reject/refuse/despise them", "*gəʿaltîm*": "abhor/loathe/reject them", "*ləḵallōtām*": "to finish them/to destroy them completely", "*ləhāpēr*": "to break/to annul/to make void" } } 45 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.45", "source": "וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵֽאתִי־אֹתָם֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם לֵאלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-zāḵartî* *lāhem* *bərît* *riʾšōnîm* *ʾăšer* *hôṣēʾtî*-*ʾōtām* *mēʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *ləʿênê* *haggôyim* *lihyôt* *lāhem* *lēlōhîm* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-zāḵartî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will remember", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*riʾšōnîm*": "masculine plural adjective - former ones/ancestors", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*hôṣēʾtî*-*ʾōtām*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular + direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I brought them out", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ləʿênê*": "preposition + construct dual noun - before eyes of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*lihyôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lēlōhîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - for God", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD" }, "variants": { "*zāḵartî*": "remember/recall/be mindful of", "*riʾšōnîm*": "former ones/ancestors/previous ones", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "bring out/lead out/deliver", "*lihyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist" } } 46 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.46", "source": "אֵ֠לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֮ וְהַתּוֹרֹת֒ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה בֵּינ֕וֹ וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ", "text": "*ʾēlleh* *haḥuqqîm* *wə-hammišpāṭîm* *wə-hattôrōt* *ʾăšer* *nātan* *YHWH* *bênô* *ûbên* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *bəhar* *sînay* *bəyad*-*mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "plural demonstrative pronoun - these", "*haḥuqqîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the statutes", "*wə-hammišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the judgments", "*wə-hattôrōt*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the laws", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bênô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - between him", "*ûbên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bəhar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in mountain of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*bəyad*-*mōšeh*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - by hand of Moses" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*tôrōt*": "laws/instructions/teachings", "*nātan*": "give/set/put", "*bəyad*": "by hand of/through/by means of" } }
• Deut 4:26-27 : 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.26", "source": "הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃", "text": "*haʿîdōtî bākem ha-yyôm ʾet-ha-ššāmayim wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ kî-ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn mahēr mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer ʾattem ʿōbərîm ʾet-ha-yyardēn šāmmāh lə-rištāh lōʾ-taʾărîkun yāmîm ʿālêhā kî hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*.", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - I call to witness", "*bākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ha-yyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*ʾet-ha-ššāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly perish", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʾărîkun*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - on it", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "Niphal infinitive absolute + Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/warn", "*yôm*": "day/today", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "surely perish/utterly be destroyed/completely vanish", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/soon", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it", "*taʾărîkun*": "prolong/extend/lengthen", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "be utterly destroyed/be completely annihilated" } } 27 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.27", "source": "וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּ֑ים וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר בַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃", "text": "*wə-hēpîṣ YHWH ʾetkem bā-ʿammîm wə-nišʾartem mətê mispār ba-ggôyim ʾăšer yənahēg YHWH ʾetkem šāmmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hēpîṣ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and scatter", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bā-ʿammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the peoples", "*wə-nišʾartem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will be left", "*mətê*": "masculine plural construct noun - men of/few", "*mispār*": "masculine singular noun - number", "*ba-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yənahēg*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will lead", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*hēpîṣ*": "scatter/disperse/spread abroad", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*nišʾartem*": "be left/remain/be spared", "*mətê mispār*": "few in number/small group/handful", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yənahēg*": "lead/drive/guide", "*šāmmāh*": "there/to that place" } }
• Deut 28:15-68 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.15", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמַע֙ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֣יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם וּבָ֧אוּ עָלֶ֛יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֽוּךָ׃", "text": "And *hāyāh* if-not *tišmaʿ* in *qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to *lišmōr* to *laʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*miṣwōtāyw* and *ḥuqqōtāyw* which *ʾānōkî* *mĕṣawwĕkā* the *hayyôm* and they will *bāʾû* upon *ʿālêkā* all-the *qĕlālôt* the *hāʾēlleh* and they will *hiśśîgûkā*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "perfect, consecutive, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and it will happen", "*tišmaʿ*": "imperfect, Qal, 2nd masculine singular - you will listen/obey", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lišmōr*": "infinitive construct - to keep", "*laʿăśôt*": "infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his commandments", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mĕṣawwĕkā*": "participle, Piel, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - commanding you", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, consecutive, Qal, 3rd plural - and they will come", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*qĕlālôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the curses", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "perfect, consecutive, Hiphil, 3rd plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and they will overtake you" }, "variants": { "*lišmōr laʿăśôt*": "to observe to do/to carefully perform", "*miṣwōtāyw wĕḥuqqōtāyw*": "his commandments and his statutes [complete legal corpus]", "*qĕlālôt*": "curses/maledictions", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "overtake you/reach you/catch up with you" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.16", "source": "אָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בָּעִ֑יר וְאָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*ʾĀrûr* *ʾattāh* in the *ʿîr* and *ʾārûr* *ʾattāh* in the *śādeh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĀrûr*": "passive participle, Qal, masculine singular - cursed", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, Qal, masculine singular - cursed", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the field" }, "variants": { "*ʾĀrûr*": "cursed/under curse", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/land" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.17", "source": "אָר֥וּר טַנְאֲךָ֖ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾĀrûr* *ṭanʾăkā* and *mišʾartekā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĀrûr*": "passive participle, Qal, masculine singular - cursed", "*ṭanʾăkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your basket", "*mišʾartekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your kneading trough" }, "variants": { "*ṭanʾăkā*": "your basket [for gathering produce]", "*mišʾartekā*": "your kneading trough/bowl [for preparing bread]" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.18", "source": "אָר֥וּר פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֖ וּפְרִ֣י אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּר֥וֹת צֹאנֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *pərî*-*biṭnəkā* *ûpərî* *ʾadmātekā* *šəgar* *ʾălāpêkā* *wəʿaštərôt* *ṣōʾnekā*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*pərî*": "construct noun, masculine singular - fruit/offspring of", "*biṭnəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your womb/belly", "*ûpərî*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, construct masculine singular - and fruit/offspring of", "*ʾadmātekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ground/land", "*šəgar*": "construct noun, masculine singular - offspring/increase of", "*ʾălāpêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your cattle/oxen", "*wəʿaštərôt*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, feminine plural construct - and young/increase of", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your flock/sheep" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*pərî*": "fruit/offspring/produce", "*biṭnəkā*": "your womb/belly/body", "*ʾadmātekā*": "your ground/land/soil", "*šəgar*": "offspring/increase/young ones", "*ʾălāpêkā*": "your cattle/oxen/herds", "*ʿaštərôt*": "young ones/increase/newborn (possibly connected to fertility goddess Astarte)", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "your flock/sheep/small livestock" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.19", "source": "אָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ וְאָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *ʾattâ* *bəbōʾekā* *wəʾārûr* *ʾattâ* *bəṣēʾtekā*", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*bəbōʾekā*": "preposition (bə-) + infinitive construct of בוא with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your coming in", "*wəʾārûr*": "conjunction (wə-) + passive participle, masculine singular - and cursed", "*bəṣēʾtekā*": "preposition (bə-) + infinitive construct of יצא with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your going out" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*bəbōʾekā*": "in your coming in/entering/arriving", "*bəṣēʾtekā*": "in your going out/departing/leaving" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.20", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בְּ֠ךָ אֶת־הַמְּאֵרָ֤ה אֶת־הַמְּהוּמָה֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּגְעֶ֔רֶת בְּכָל־מִשְׁלַ֥ח יָדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה עַ֣ד הִשָּֽׁמֶדְךָ֤ וְעַד־אֲבָדְךָ֙ מַהֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֛י רֹ֥עַ מֽ͏ַעֲלָלֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲזַבְתָּֽנִי׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* *YHWH* *bəkā* *ʾet*-*hamməʾērâ* *ʾet*-*hamməhûmâ* *wəʾet*-*hammigʿeret* *bəkol*-*mišlaḥ* *yādəkā* *ʾăšer* *taʿăśeh* *ʿad* *hiššāmedəkā* *wəʿad*-*ʾăbādəkā* *mahēr* *mippənê* *rōaʿ* *maʿălālêkā* *ʾăšer* *ʿăzabtānî*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will send", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bəkā*": "preposition (bə-) + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ʾet*-*hamməʾērâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the curse", "*ʾet*-*hamməhûmâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the confusion/panic", "*wəʾet*-*hammigʿeret*": "conjunction (wə-) + direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the rebuke", "*bəkol*-*mišlaḥ*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - in all undertaking/venture of", "*yādəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will do", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hiššāmedəkā*": "niphal infinitive construct of שמד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your being destroyed", "*wəʿad*-*ʾăbādəkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition + qal infinitive construct of אבד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and until your perishing", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*mippənê*": "preposition (min-) + construct noun, masculine plural - from before/because of", "*rōaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - evil of", "*maʿălālêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your deeds/actions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - by which/because", "*ʿăzabtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you have forsaken me" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "send/let loose/dispatch", "*hamməʾērâ*": "curse/execration", "*hamməhûmâ*": "confusion/panic/discomfiture", "*hammigʿeret*": "rebuke/reproof/threat", "*mišlaḥ*": "undertaking/venture/putting forth", "*hiššāmedəkā*": "your destruction/extinction/annihilation", "*ʾăbādəkā*": "your perishing/being destroyed", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/hastily", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿălālêkā*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʿăzabtānî*": "you have forsaken/abandoned/left me" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.21", "source": "יַדְבֵּ֧ק יְהוָ֛ה בְּךָ֖ אֶת־הַדָּ֑בֶר עַ֚ד כַּלֹּת֣וֹ אֹֽתְךָ֔ מֵעַל֙ הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*yadbēq* *YHWH* *bəkā* *ʾet*-*haddāber* *ʿad* *kallōtô* *ʾōtəkā* *mēʿal* *hāʾădāmâ* *ʾăšer*-*ʾattâ* *bāʾ*-*šāmmâ* *lərištāh*", "grammar": { "*yadbēq*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will cause to cling", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bəkā*": "preposition (bə-) + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾet*-*haddāber*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the plague/pestilence", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*kallōtô*": "piel infinitive construct of כלה with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his consuming/finishing", "*ʾōtəkā*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - you", "*mēʿal*": "preposition (min-) + preposition (ʿal) - from upon", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the ground/land", "*ʾăšer*-*ʾattâ*": "relative pronoun + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - which you", "*bāʾ*-*šāmmâ*": "qal participle, masculine singular + adverb - entering there", "*lərištāh*": "preposition (lə-) + qal infinitive construct of ירשׁ with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*yadbēq*": "cause to cling/stick/cleave to", "*haddāber*": "plague/pestilence/disease", "*kallōtô*": "his consuming/completing/annihilating", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*bāʾ*": "entering/going/coming", "*lərištāh*": "to possess/inherit/occupy it" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.22", "source": "יַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*yakkəkâ* *YHWH* *baššaḥepet* *ûbaqqaddaḥat* *ûbaddalleket* *ûbaḥarḥur* *ûbaḥereb* *ûbaššiddāpôn* *ûbayyērāqôn* *ûrədāpûkā* *ʿad* *ʾobdekā*", "grammar": { "*yakkəkâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will strike you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*baššaḥepet*": "preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with consumption/wasting disease", "*ûbaqqaddaḥat*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with fever", "*ûbaddalleket*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with inflammation", "*ûbaḥarḥur*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with extreme burning", "*ûbaḥereb*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and with sword", "*ûbaššiddāpôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with blight", "*ûbayyērāqôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with mildew", "*ûrədāpûkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they will pursue you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾobdekā*": "qal infinitive construct of אבד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your perishing" }, "variants": { "*yakkəkâ*": "strike/smite/hit you", "*baššaḥepet*": "consumption/tuberculosis/wasting disease", "*baqqaddaḥat*": "fever/burning ague", "*baddalleket*": "inflammation/severe fever", "*baḥarḥur*": "extreme burning/severe heat/fever", "*baḥereb*": "sword/drought/war", "*baššiddāpôn*": "blight/scorching of grain", "*bayyērāqôn*": "mildew/paleness/jaundice", "*ûrədāpûkā*": "they will pursue/follow/chase you", "*ʾobdekā*": "your perishing/destruction" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.23", "source": "וְהָי֥וּ שָׁמֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֖ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ בַּרְזֶֽל׃", "text": "*wəhāyû* *šāmêkā* *ʾăšer* *ʿal*-*rōʾšəkā* *nəḥōšet* *wəhāʾāreṣ* *ʾăšer*-*taḥtêkā* *barzel*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyû*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 3rd person plural - and they will be", "*šāmêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heavens/skies", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿal*-*rōʾšəkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - over your head", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*wəhāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction (wə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the earth/land", "*ʾăšer*-*taḥtêkā*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - which is beneath you", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron" }, "variants": { "*šāmêkā*": "your heavens/skies", "*rōʾšəkā*": "your head", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*taḥtêkā*": "beneath/under you", "*barzel*": "iron" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.24", "source": "יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מְטַ֥ר אַרְצְךָ֖ אָבָ֣ק וְעָפָ֑ר מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ יֵרֵ֣ד עָלֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃", "text": "*yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*məṭar* *ʾarṣəkā* *ʾābāq* *wəʿāpār* *min*-*haššāmayim* *yērēd* *ʿālêkā* *ʿad* *hiššāmədāk*", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will give/make", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾet*-*məṭar*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the rain of", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*ʾābāq*": "noun, masculine singular - dust/powder", "*wəʿāpār*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, masculine singular - and dirt/dust", "*min*-*haššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - from the heavens", "*yērēd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come down", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hiššāmədāk*": "niphal infinitive construct of שמד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your being destroyed" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "give/make/transform", "*məṭar*": "rain/rainfall", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "your land/country/territory", "*ʾābāq*": "dust/powder/fine particles", "*ʿāpār*": "dirt/dust/soil/earth", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*yērēd*": "come down/descend/fall", "*hiššāmədāk*": "your destruction/annihilation" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.25", "source": "יִתֶּנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִגָּף֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶיךָ֒ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ תֵּצֵ֣א אֵלָ֔יו וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים תָּנ֣וּס לְפָנָ֑יו וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*yittenəkā* *YHWH* *niggāp* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêkā* *bəderek* *ʾeḥād* *tēṣēʾ* *ʾēlāyw* *ûbəšibʿâ* *dərākîm* *tānûs* *ləpānāyw* *wəhāyîtā* *ləzaʿăwâ* *ləkōl* *mamlēkôt* *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yittenəkā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will give you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*niggāp*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - defeated/smitten", "*lipnê*": "preposition (lə-) + construct noun, masculine plural - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*bəderek*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, feminine singular construct - by way/road", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will go out", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/it", "*ûbəšibʿâ*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + numeral, feminine singular - and by seven", "*dərākîm*": "noun, feminine plural - ways/roads", "*tānûs*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will flee", "*ləpānāyw*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him/it", "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*ləzaʿăwâ*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, feminine singular - an object of horror", "*ləkōl*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - to all", "*mamlēkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yittenəkā*": "give you/deliver you/make you", "*niggāp*": "defeated/struck down/smitten", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/foes/adversaries", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/march out/proceed", "*tānûs*": "flee/run away/escape", "*zaʿăwâ*": "horror/terror/object of trembling", "*mamlēkôt*": "kingdoms/dominions/realms", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/world" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.26", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָֽתְךָ֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְכָל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֵ֖ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃", "text": "*wəhāyətâ* *niblātəkā* *ləmaʾăkāl* *ləkol*-*ʿôp* *haššāmayim* *ûləbehemat* *hāʾāreṣ* *wəʾên* *maḥărîd*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyətâ*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will be", "*niblātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your carcass", "*ləmaʾăkāl*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular - for food", "*ləkol*-*ʿôp*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - for all birds of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*ûləbehemat*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (lə-) + noun, feminine singular construct - and for beasts of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction (wə-) + particle of negation - and there is no", "*maḥărîd*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one causing to tremble/frightening away" }, "variants": { "*niblātəkā*": "your carcass/corpse/dead body", "*maʾăkāl*": "food/consumption", "*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*behemat*": "beasts/animals/livestock of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land", "*maḥărîd*": "one frightening away/causing to tremble/driving away" } } 27 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.27", "source": "יַכְּכָ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה בִּשְׁחִ֤ין מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ *ובעפלים **וּבַטְּחֹרִ֔ים וּבַגָּרָ֖ב וּבֶחָ֑רֶס אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תוּכַ֖ל לְהֵרָפֵֽא׃", "text": "*yakkəkâ* *YHWH* *bišḥîn* *miṣrayim* *ûbaʿăpālîm/ûbaṭṭəḥōrîm* *ûbaggārāb* *ûbeḥāres* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*tûkal* *ləhērāpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*yakkəkâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will strike you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bišḥîn*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - with boil of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ûbaʿăpālîm/ûbaṭṭəḥōrîm*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and with tumors/hemorrhoids", "*ûbaggārāb*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with scab/itch", "*ûbeḥāres*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and with itch/dry scab", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ*-*tûkal*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will not be able", "*ləhērāpēʾ*": "preposition (lə-) + niphal infinitive construct - to be healed" }, "variants": { "*yakkəkâ*": "strike/smite/hit you", "*šḥîn*": "boil/eruption/inflammation", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʿăpālîm/ṭəḥōrîm*": "tumors/hemorrhoids/swellings (the text contains both forms - ʿăpālîm as Kethib and ṭəḥōrîm as Qere)", "*gārāb*": "scab/itch/skin disease", "*ḥāres*": "itch/dry scab/skin eruption", "*tûkal*": "be able/succeed/prevail", "*ləhērāpēʾ*": "to be healed/cured/restored" } } 28 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.28", "source": "יַכְּכָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּשִׁגָּע֖וֹן וּבְעִוָּר֑וֹן וּבְתִמְה֖וֹן לֵבָֽב׃", "text": "*yakkəkâ* *YHWH* *bəšiggāʿôn* *ûbəʿiwwārôn* *ûbətimhôn* *lēbāb*", "grammar": { "*yakkəkâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will strike you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bəšiggāʿôn*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, masculine singular - with madness", "*ûbəʿiwwārôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + noun, masculine singular - and with blindness", "*ûbətimhôn*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - and with confusion of", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind" }, "variants": { "*yakkəkâ*": "strike/smite/hit you", "*šiggāʿôn*": "madness/insanity", "*ʿiwwārôn*": "blindness", "*timhôn*": "confusion/bewilderment/mental disorientation", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner being" } } 29 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.29", "source": "וְהָיִ֜יתָ מְמַשֵּׁ֣שׁ בַּֽצָהֳרַ֗יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יְמַשֵּׁ֤שׁ הַעִוֵּר֙ בָּאֲפֵלָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תַצְלִ֖יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֜יתָ אַ֣ךְ עָשׁ֧וּק וְגָז֛וּל כָּל־הַיָּמִ֖ים וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃", "text": "*wəhāyîtā* *məmaššēš* *baṣṣohŏrayim* *kaʾăšer* *yəmaššēš* *haʿiwwēr* *bāʾăpēlâ* *wəlōʾ* *taṣlîaḥ* *ʾet*-*dərākêkā* *wəhāyîtā* *ʾak* *ʿāšûq* *wəgāzûl* *kol*-*hayyāmîm* *wəʾên* *môšîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*məmaššēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - groping/feeling about", "*baṣṣohŏrayim*": "preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, masculine dual - at noon/midday", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition (kə-) + relative pronoun - as/like", "*yəmaššēš*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gropes", "*haʿiwwēr*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the blind person", "*bāʾăpēlâ*": "preposition (bə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the darkness", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction (wə-) + negative particle - and not", "*taṣlîaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will succeed/prosper", "*ʾet*-*dərākêkā*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ways/paths", "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely", "*ʿāšûq*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed/defrauded", "*wəgāzûl*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal passive participle, masculine singular - and robbed/plundered", "*kol*-*hayyāmîm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - all the days", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction (wə-) + particle of negation - and there is no", "*môšîaʿ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - savior/deliverer" }, "variants": { "*məmaššēš*": "groping/feeling around/searching by touch", "*ṣohŏrayim*": "noon/midday/brightest part of day", "*yəmaššēš*": "gropes/feels around/searches by touch", "*ʿiwwēr*": "blind person", "*ʾăpēlâ*": "darkness/thick darkness", "*taṣlîaḥ*": "succeed/prosper/make progress", "*dərākêkā*": "your ways/paths/roads", "*ʾak*": "only/surely/indeed", "*ʿāšûq*": "oppressed/defrauded/exploited", "*gāzûl*": "robbed/plundered/despoiled", "*hayyāmîm*": "the days/time", "*môšîaʿ*": "savior/deliverer/rescuer" } } 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.30", "source": "אִשָּׁ֣ה תְאָרֵ֗שׂ וְאִ֤ישׁ אַחֵר֙ *ישגלנה **יִשְׁכָּבֶ֔נָּה בַּ֥יִת תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְלֹא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב בּ֑וֹ כֶּ֥רֶם תִּטַּ֖ע וְלֹ֥א תְחַלְּלֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*ʾiššâ* *təʾārēś* *wəʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yišgālennâ/yiškābennâ* *bayit* *tibneh* *wəlōʾ*-*tēšēb* *bô* *kerem* *tiṭṭaʿ* *wəlōʾ* *təḥallĕlennû*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*təʾārēś*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will betroth", "*wəʾîš*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another", "*yišgālennâ/yiškābennâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he will violate/lie with her", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house", "*tibneh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will build", "*wəlōʾ*-*tēšēb*": "conjunction (wə-) + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will not dwell", "*bô*": "preposition (bə-) + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular - vineyard", "*tiṭṭaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will plant", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction (wə-) + negative particle - and not", "*təḥallĕlennû*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will use its fruit" }, "variants": { "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*təʾārēś*": "betroth/engage", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/different/strange", "*yišgālennâ/yiškābennâ*": "violate her/ravish her/lie with her (the text contains both forms - yišgālennâ as Kethib and yiškābennâ as Qere)", "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*tibneh*": "build/construct", "*tēšēb*": "dwell/live/inhabit", "*kerem*": "vineyard", "*tiṭṭaʿ*": "plant/establish", "*təḥallĕlennû*": "use its fruit/begin to use/enjoy its harvest" } } 31 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.31", "source": "שׁוֹרְךָ֞ טָב֣וּחַ לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ וְלֹ֣א תֹאכַל֮ מִמֶּנּוּ֒ חֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ גָּז֣וּל מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב לָ֑ךְ צֹֽאנְךָ֙ נְתֻנ֣וֹת לְאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֥ין לְךָ֖ מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃", "text": "*šôrəkā* *ṭābûaḥ* *ləʿênêkā* *wəlōʾ* *tōʾkal* *mimmennû* *ḥămōrəkā* *gāzûl* *millĕpānêkā* *wəlōʾ* *yāšûb* *lāk* *ṣōʾnəkā* *nətunôt* *ləʾōyəbêkā* *wəʾên* *ləkā* *môšîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*šôrəkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ox", "*ṭābûaḥ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - slaughtered", "*ləʿênêkā*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before your eyes", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction (wə-) + negative particle - and not", "*tōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will eat", "*mimmennû*": "preposition (min-) + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*ḥămōrəkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your donkey", "*gāzûl*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - stolen/taken by force", "*millĕpānêkā*": "preposition (min-) + preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from before you", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction (wə-) + negative particle - and not", "*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will return", "*lāk*": "preposition (lə-) + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ṣōʾnəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your flock", "*nətunôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - given", "*ləʾōyəbêkā*": "preposition (lə-) + qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your enemies", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction (wə-) + particle of negation - and there is no", "*ləkā*": "preposition (lə-) + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for you", "*môšîaʿ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - savior/deliverer" }, "variants": { "*šôrəkā*": "your ox/bull", "*ṭābûaḥ*": "slaughtered/butchered", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes", "*tōʾkal*": "eat/consume", "*ḥămōrəkā*": "your donkey/ass", "*gāzûl*": "stolen/seized/taken by force", "*millĕpānêkā*": "from before you/from your presence", "*yāšûb*": "return/come back", "*ṣōʾnəkā*": "your flock/sheep", "*nətunôt*": "given/handed over", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/foes", "*môšîaʿ*": "savior/deliverer/rescuer" } } 32 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.32", "source": "בָּנֶ֨יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֜יךָ נְתֻנִ֨ים לְעַ֤ם אַחֵר֙ וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֔וֹת וְכָל֥וֹת אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְאֵ֥ין לְאֵ֖ל יָדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*bānêkā* *ûbənōtêkā* *nətunîm* *ləʿam* *ʾaḥēr* *wəʿênêkā* *rōʾôt* *wəkālôt* *ʾălêhem* *kol*-*hayyôm* *wəʾên* *ləʾēl* *yādekā*", "grammar": { "*bānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*ûbənōtêkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your daughters", "*nətunîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - given", "*ləʿam*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular - to a people", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another", "*wəʿênêkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your eyes", "*rōʾôt*": "qal active participle, feminine plural - seeing", "*wəkālôt*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal active participle, feminine plural - and failing/longing", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition (ʾel-) + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*kol*-*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - all the day", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction (wə-) + particle of negation - and there is no", "*ləʾēl*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular - power/strength", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*bānêkā*": "your sons/children", "*bənōtêkā*": "your daughters", "*nətunîm*": "given/handed over", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/different/foreign", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes", "*rōʾôt*": "seeing/looking/watching", "*kālôt*": "failing/longing/pining", "*hayyôm*": "the day/daily", "*ləʾēl*": "power/strength/might", "*yādekā*": "your hand/ability/power" } } 33 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.33", "source": "פְּרִ֤י אַדְמָֽתְךָ֙ וְכָל־יְגִ֣יעֲךָ֔ יֹאכַ֥ל עַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יָדָ֑עְתָּ וְהָיִ֗יתָ רַ֛ק עָשׁ֥וּק וְרָצ֖וּץ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃", "text": "*pərî* *ʾadmātəkā* *wəkol*-*yəgîʿăkā* *yōʾkal* *ʿam* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yādāʿtā* *wəhāyîtā* *raq* *ʿāšûq* *wərāṣûṣ* *kol*-*hayyāmîm*", "grammar": { "*pərî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit/produce of", "*ʾadmātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ground/land", "*wəkol*-*yəgîʿăkā*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and all your labor", "*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will eat/consume", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people/nation", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*lōʾ*-*yādāʿtā*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have not known", "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*ʿāšûq*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed", "*wərāṣûṣ*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal passive participle, masculine singular - and crushed", "*kol*-*hayyāmîm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - all the days" }, "variants": { "*pərî*": "fruit/produce/yield", "*ʾadmātəkā*": "your ground/land/soil", "*yəgîʿăkā*": "your labor/toil/effort", "*yōʾkal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*yādāʿtā*": "known/familiar with/experienced", "*raq*": "only/just/merely", "*ʿāšûq*": "oppressed/exploited/defrauded", "*rāṣûṣ*": "crushed/broken/shattered", "*hayyāmîm*": "the days/time" } } 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.34", "source": "וְהָיִ֖יתָ מְשֻׁגָּ֑ע מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "*wəhāyîtā* *məšuggāʿ* *mimmarʾēh* *ʿênêkā* *ʾăšer* *tirʾeh*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*məšuggāʿ*": "pual participle, masculine singular - driven mad/insane", "*mimmarʾēh*": "preposition (min-) + noun, masculine singular construct - from sight of", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*tirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will see" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyîtā*": "and you will be/become", "*məšuggāʿ*": "driven mad/insane/crazed", "*marʾēh*": "sight/vision/appearance", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes", "*tirʾeh*": "see/observe/witness" } } 35 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.35", "source": "יַכְּכָ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה בִּשְׁחִ֣ין רָ֗ע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּ֙יִם֙ וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תוּכַ֖ל לְהֵרָפֵ֑א מִכַּ֥ף רַגְלְךָ֖ וְעַ֥ד קָדְקֳדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Yakkəkā* *YHWH* with-*šəḥîn* *rāʿ* on-the-*birkayim* *wə*-on-the-*šōqayim* which not-*tûkal* to-*hērāpēʾ* from-*kap* *raglə̄kā* *wə*-unto *qodqodekā*.", "grammar": { "*Yakkəkā*": "imperfect Hiphil 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he will strike you'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - subject", "*šəḥîn*": "masculine singular noun - 'boil/inflammation/eruption'", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - 'evil/grievous/malignant'", "*birkayim*": "feminine dual noun with definite article - 'knees'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*šōqayim*": "feminine dual noun with definite article - 'legs'", "*tûkal*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will be able'", "*hērāpēʾ*": "Niphal infinitive construct - 'to be healed'", "*kap*": "construct state of masculine singular noun - 'palm/sole'", "*raglə̄kā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your foot'", "*qodqodekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your crown/head/scalp'" }, "variants": { "*šəḥîn*": "boil/eruption/inflammation/disease", "*rāʿ*": "evil/grievous/malignant/painful", "*hērāpēʾ*": "to be healed/cured/made whole", "*kap raglə̄kā*": "sole of your foot" } } 36 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.36", "source": "יוֹלֵ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֹֽתְךָ֗ וְאֶֽת־מַלְכְּךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּקִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ אֶל־גּ֕וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עְתָּ אַתָּ֣ה וַאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְעָבַ֥דְתָּ שָּׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "*Yōlēk* *YHWH* *ʾōtəkā* *wə*-*ʾet*-*malkəkā* which *tāqîm* upon-*ʿāleykā* unto-*gôy* which not-*yādaʿtā* *ʾattāh* *wa*-*ʾăbōteykā* *wə*-*ʿābadtā* there *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *ʿēṣ* *wā*-*ʾāben*.", "grammar": { "*Yōlēk*": "imperfect Hiphil 3rd masculine singular - 'he will cause to go/lead'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - subject", "*ʾōtəkā*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*malkəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your king'", "*tāqîm*": "imperfect Hiphil 2nd masculine singular - 'you will set up/establish'", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'over you'", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - 'nation'", "*yādaʿtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you knew'", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - 'you'", "*wa*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾăbōteykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your fathers'", "*ʿābadtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'you will serve'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'gods'", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - 'other'", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - 'wood'", "*wā*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾāben*": "feminine singular noun - 'stone'" }, "variants": { "*Yōlēk*": "lead/cause to go/drive/carry away", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*ʿābadtā*": "serve/worship/be enslaved to", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*ʿēṣ wā-ʾāben*": "wood and stone/idols made of wood and stone" } } 37 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.37", "source": "וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה לְמָשָׁ֖ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֑ה בְּכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יְנַהֶגְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה שָֽׁמָּה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyîtā* for-*šammāh* for-*māšāl* *wə*-for-*šənînāh* among-all the-*ʿammîm* which-*yənahegəkā* *YHWH* there.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*hāyîtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'you will become'", "*šammāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'horror/astonishment/desolation'", "*māšāl*": "masculine singular noun - 'proverb/byword'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*šənînāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'taunt/byword'", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - 'peoples'", "*yənahegəkā*": "imperfect Piel 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he will drive/lead you'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - subject", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - 'there/thither'" }, "variants": { "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation/object of horror", "*māšāl*": "proverb/byword/parable/object of ridicule", "*šənînāh*": "taunt/byword/object of scorn", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*yənahegəkā*": "drive/lead/conduct/carry away" } } 38 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.38", "source": "זֶ֥רַע רַ֖ב תּוֹצִ֣יא הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּמְעַ֣ט תֶּאֱסֹ֔ף כִּ֥י יַחְסְלֶ֖נּוּ הָאַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Zeraʿ rab* *tôṣîʾ* the-*śādeh* *û*-*məʿaṭ* *teʾĕsōp* because *yaḥsəlennû* the-*ʾarbeh*.", "grammar": { "*Zeraʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'seed'", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - 'much/many'", "*tôṣîʾ*": "imperfect Hiphil 2nd masculine singular - 'you will bring out/carry out'", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'field'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'but/and'", "*məʿaṭ*": "masculine singular adjective - 'little/few'", "*teʾĕsōp*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will gather/harvest'", "*yaḥsəlennû*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'it will consume it'", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'locust'" }, "variants": { "*Zeraʿ rab*": "much seed/abundant seed", "*tôṣîʾ*": "bring out/carry out to/take out", "*teʾĕsōp*": "gather/collect/harvest", "*yaḥsəlennû*": "consume it/devour it/eat it up", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/locust swarm" } } 39 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.39", "source": "כְּרָמִ֥ים תִּטַּ֖ע וְעָבָ֑דְתָּ וְיַ֤יִן לֹֽא־תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וְלֹ֣א תֶאֱגֹ֔ר כִּ֥י תֹאכְלֶ֖נּוּ הַתֹּלָֽעַת׃", "text": "*Kərāmîm* *tiṭṭaʿ* *wə*-*ʿābādtā* *wə*-*yayin* not-*tišteh* *wə*-not *teʾĕgōr* because *tōʾkəlennû* the-*tōlāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*Kərāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'vineyards'", "*tiṭṭaʿ*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will plant'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿābādtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'you will work/tend'", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - 'wine'", "*tišteh*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will drink'", "*teʾĕgōr*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will gather/store'", "*tōʾkəlennû*": "imperfect Qal 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'it will eat it'", "*tōlāʿat*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'worm'" }, "variants": { "*Kərāmîm*": "vineyards", "*tiṭṭaʿ*": "plant/establish", "*ʿābādtā*": "work/cultivate/tend/serve", "*teʾĕgōr*": "gather/store/harvest", "*tōʾkəlennû*": "eat it/consume it/devour it", "*tōlāʿat*": "worm/grub/caterpillar" } } 40 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.40", "source": "זֵיתִ֛ים יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּכָל־גְּבוּלֶ֑ךָ וְשֶׁ֙מֶן֙ לֹ֣א תָס֔וּךְ כִּ֥י יִשַּׁ֖ל זֵיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Zêtîm* *yihyû* to-*ləkā* in-all-*gəbûlekā* *wə*-*šemen* not *tāsûk* because *yiššal* *zêtekā*.", "grammar": { "*Zêtîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'olive trees'", "*yihyû*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'to you'", "*gəbûlekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your territory/border'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'but/and'", "*šemen*": "masculine singular noun - 'oil'", "*tāsûk*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will anoint'", "*yiššal*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'it will drop off/fall off'", "*zêtekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your olive'" }, "variants": { "*Zêtîm*": "olive trees", "*gəbûlekā*": "your territory/border/region", "*tāsûk*": "anoint/rub/apply oil", "*yiššal*": "drop off/fall off/cast fruit prematurely", "*zêtekā*": "your olive/your olive tree" } } 41 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.41", "source": "בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנ֖וֹת תּוֹלִ֑יד וְלֹא־יִהְי֣וּ לָ֔ךְ כִּ֥י יֵלְכ֖וּ בַּשֶּֽׁבִי׃", "text": "*Bānîm* *û*-*bānôt* *tôlîd* *wə*-not-*yihyû* to-*lāk* because *yēləkû* in-the-*šebî*.", "grammar": { "*Bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'sons'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*bānôt*": "feminine plural noun - 'daughters'", "*tôlîd*": "imperfect Hiphil 2nd masculine singular - 'you will beget'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'but/and'", "*yihyû*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'to you'", "*yēləkû*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine plural - 'they will go'", "*šebî*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'captivity'" }, "variants": { "*Bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*bānôt*": "daughters", "*tôlîd*": "beget/bring forth/bear", "*yēləkû*": "go/walk/depart", "*šebî*": "captivity/exile" } } 42 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.42", "source": "כָּל־עֵצְךָ֖ וּפְרִ֣י אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ יְיָרֵ֖שׁ הַצְּלָצַֽל׃", "text": "All-*ʿēṣəkā* *û*-*pərî* *ʾadmātekā* *yəyārēš* the-*ṣəlāṣal*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṣəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your tree'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*pərî*": "masculine singular construct - 'fruit of'", "*ʾadmātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your ground'", "*yəyārēš*": "imperfect Piel 3rd masculine singular - 'it will possess/take possession of'", "*ṣəlāṣal*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'buzzing insect/cricket/locust'" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣəkā*": "your tree/your timber", "*pərî*": "fruit/produce", "*ʾadmātekā*": "your ground/land/soil", "*yəyārēš*": "take possession of/dispossess/inherit", "*ṣəlāṣal*": "buzzing insect/cricket/locust/whirring pest" } } 43 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.43", "source": "הַגֵּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֔ יַעֲלֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ מַ֣עְלָה מָּ֑עְלָה וְאַתָּ֥ה תֵרֵ֖ד מַ֥טָּה מָּֽטָּה׃", "text": "The-*gēr* which in-*qirbəkā* *yaʿăleh* above-*ʿāleykā* *maʿəlāh* *māʿəlāh* *wə*-*ʾattāh* *tērēd* *maṭṭāh* *māṭṭāh*.", "grammar": { "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'sojourner/foreigner'", "*qirbəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'", "*yaʿăleh*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will go up'", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'above you'", "*maʿəlāh*": "adverb - 'upward'", "*māʿəlāh*": "repetition for emphasis - 'higher and higher'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - 'you'", "*tērēd*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will go down'", "*maṭṭāh*": "adverb - 'downward'", "*māṭṭāh*": "repetition for emphasis - 'lower and lower'" }, "variants": { "*gēr*": "sojourner/foreigner/resident alien", "*qirbəkā*": "your midst/among you", "*yaʿăleh*": "go up/ascend/rise", "*maʿəlāh māʿəlāh*": "higher and higher/upward upward/exceedingly high", "*tērēd*": "go down/descend/decline", "*maṭṭāh māṭṭāh*": "lower and lower/downward downward/exceedingly low" } } 44 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.44", "source": "ה֣וּא יַלְוְךָ֔ וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֣א תַלְוֶ֑נּוּ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְזָנָֽב׃", "text": "*Hûʾ* *yalwəkā* *wə*-*ʾattāh* not *talwennû* *hûʾ* *yihyeh* for-*rōʾš* *wə*-*ʾattāh* *tihyeh* for-*zānāb*.", "grammar": { "*Hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - 'he'", "*yalwəkā*": "imperfect Hiphil 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he will lend to you'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - 'you'", "*talwennû*": "imperfect Hiphil 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'you will lend to him'", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will be'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - 'head'", "*tihyeh*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will be'", "*zānāb*": "masculine singular noun - 'tail'" }, "variants": { "*yalwəkā*": "lend to you/be your creditor", "*talwennû*": "lend to him/be his creditor", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader", "*zānāb*": "tail/rear/subordinate position" } } 45 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.45", "source": "וּבָ֨אוּ עָלֶ֜יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֣וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה וּרְדָפ֙וּךָ֙ וְהִשִּׂיג֔וּךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָ֑ךְ כִּי־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֛ר מִצְוֺתָ֥יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*Û*-*bāʾû* upon-*ʿāleykā* all-the-*qəlālôt* the-*ʾēlleh* *û*-*rədāpûkā* *wə*-*hiśśîgûkā* until *hiššāmədāk* because-not *šāmaʿtā* in-*qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheykā* to-*šəmōr* *miṣwōtāyw* *wə*-*ḥuqqōtāyw* which *ṣiwwākə*.", "grammar": { "*Û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*bāʾû*": "perfect Qal 3rd common plural with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'they will come'", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'upon you'", "*qəlālôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - 'curses'", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective - 'these'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*rədāpûkā*": "perfect Qal 3rd common plural with waw consecutive with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'they will pursue you'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "perfect Hiphil 3rd common plural with waw consecutive with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'they will overtake you'", "*hiššāmədāk*": "Niphal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your destruction'", "*šāmaʿtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you listened'", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - 'voice of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your God'", "*šəmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to keep'", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his commandments'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his statutes'", "*ṣiwwākə*": "perfect Piel 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'he commanded you'" }, "variants": { "*qəlālôt*": "curses/maledictions", "*rədāpûkā*": "pursue you/chase you/follow after you", "*hiśśîgûkā*": "overtake you/reach you/catch up to you", "*hiššāmədāk*": "your destruction/until you are destroyed", "*šāmaʿtā*": "listened to/obeyed/heeded", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*šəmōr*": "keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "his commandments/his precepts", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "his statutes/his decrees", "*ṣiwwākə*": "commanded you/ordered you" } } 46 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.46", "source": "וְהָי֣וּ בְךָ֔ לְא֖וֹת וּלְמוֹפֵ֑ת וּֽבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyû* in-*bəkā* for-*ʾôt* *û*-for-*môpēt* *û*-in-*zarʿăkā* until-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*hāyû*": "perfect Qal 3rd common plural with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'they will be'", "*bəkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'in you'", "*ʾôt*": "feminine singular noun - 'sign'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*môpēt*": "masculine singular noun - 'wonder/portent'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*zarʿăkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your seed/offspring'", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - 'eternity/forever'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôt*": "sign/mark/token", "*môpēt*": "wonder/portent/omen/miracle", "*zarʿăkā*": "your seed/your offspring/your descendants", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/everlasting/perpetual" } } 47 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.47", "source": "תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־עָבַ֙דְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְט֣וּב לֵבָ֑ב מֵרֹ֖ב כֹּֽל׃", "text": "*Taḥat* which not-*ʿābadtā* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōheykā* in-*śimḥāh* *û*-in-*ṭûb* *lēbāb* from-*rōb* all.", "grammar": { "*Taḥat*": "preposition - 'under/because'", "*ʿābadtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you served'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your God'", "*śimḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'joy'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ṭûb*": "masculine singular construct - 'goodness of'", "*lēbāb*": "masculine singular noun - 'heart'", "*rōb*": "masculine singular construct - 'abundance of'", "*kōl*": "masculine singular noun - 'all/everything'" }, "variants": { "*Taḥat*": "because/instead of/in place of", "*ʿābadtā*": "served/worshiped/were subject to", "*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/pleasure", "*ṭûb lēbāb*": "goodness of heart/gladness of heart/cheerfulness", "*rōb kōl*": "abundance of everything/plenty of all things" } } 48 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.48", "source": "וְעָבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשַׁלְּחֶ֤נּוּ יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּרָעָ֧ב וּבְצָמָ֛א וּבְעֵירֹ֖ם וּבְחֹ֣סֶר כֹּ֑ל וְנָתַ֞ן עֹ֤ל בַּרְזֶל֙ עַל־צַוָּארֶ֔ךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿābadtā* *ʾet*-*ʾōyəbeykā* which *yəšalləḥennû* *YHWH* in-*bāk* in-*rāʿāb* *û*-in-*ṣāmāʾ* *û*-in-*ʿêrōm* *û*-in-*ḥōser* all *wə*-*nātan* *ʿōl* *barzel* on-*ṣawwārekā* until *hišmîdô* *ʾōtāk*.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿābadtā*": "perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'you will serve'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾōyəbeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your enemies'", "*yəšalləḥennû*": "imperfect Piel 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'he will send him'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - subject", "*bāk*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'", "*rāʿāb*": "masculine singular noun - 'hunger'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "masculine singular noun - 'thirst'", "*ʿêrōm*": "masculine singular noun - 'nakedness'", "*ḥōser*": "masculine singular construct - 'lack of'", "*kōl*": "masculine singular noun - 'all/everything'", "*nātan*": "perfect Qal 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'he will put'", "*ʿōl*": "masculine singular construct - 'yoke of'", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - 'iron'", "*ṣawwārekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your neck'", "*hišmîdô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his destroying'", "*ʾōtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you'" }, "variants": { "*ʿābadtā*": "serve/be enslaved to/work for", "*ʾōyəbeykā*": "your enemies/your foes", "*yəšalləḥennû*": "he will send/dispatch/let loose", "*rāʿāb*": "hunger/famine", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "thirst", "*ʿêrōm*": "nakedness/being without clothing", "*ḥōser kōl*": "lack of everything/want of all things", "*ʿōl barzel*": "yoke of iron/iron collar", "*hišmîdô*": "his destroying/his annihilating" } } 49 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.49", "source": "יִשָּׂ֣א יְהוָה֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ גּ֤וֹי מֵרָחוֹק֙ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִדְאֶ֖ה הַנָּ֑שֶׁר גּ֕וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תִשְׁמַ֖ע לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Yiśśāʾ* *YHWH* upon-*ʿāleykā* *gôy* from-*mērāḥôq* from-*qəṣēh* the-*ʾāreṣ* as-which *yidʾeh* the-*nāšer* *gôy* which not-*tišmaʿ* *ləšōnô*.", "grammar": { "*Yiśśāʾ*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will lift up/bring'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - subject", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'against you'", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - 'nation'", "*mērāḥôq*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - 'from afar'", "*qəṣēh*": "masculine singular construct - 'end of'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the earth'", "*yidʾeh*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'it will swoop'", "*nāšer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the eagle'", "*tišmaʿ*": "imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will understand'", "*ləšōnô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'its tongue/language'" }, "variants": { "*Yiśśāʾ*": "lift up/bring/carry", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*mērāḥôq*": "from afar/from a distant place", "*qəṣēh ha-ʾāreṣ*": "end of the earth/extremity of the land", "*yidʾeh*": "swoop/fly swiftly", "*nāšer*": "eagle/vulture", "*tišmaʿ ləšōnô*": "understand its language/comprehend its tongue" } } 50 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.50", "source": "גּ֖וֹי עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יִשָּׂ֤א פָנִים֙ לְזָקֵ֔ן וְנַ֖עַר לֹ֥א יָחֹֽן׃", "text": "*Gôy* *ʿaz* *pānîm* which not-*yiśśāʾ* *pānîm* to-*zāqēn* *wə*-*naʿar* not *yāḥōn*.", "grammar": { "*Gôy*": "masculine singular noun - 'nation'", "*ʿaz*": "masculine singular adjective - 'fierce'", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'face'", "*yiśśāʾ*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will lift up/show respect'", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'face'", "*zāqēn*": "masculine singular noun - 'old man/elder'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*naʿar*": "masculine singular noun - 'young man/youth'", "*yāḥōn*": "imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will show favor'" }, "variants": { "*Gôy ʿaz pānîm*": "fierce-faced nation/nation of fierce countenance", "*yiśśāʾ pānîm*": "show respect/regard/be partial to", "*zāqēn*": "old man/elder", "*naʿar*": "young man/youth/boy", "*yāḥōn*": "show favor/be gracious to/have mercy on" } } 51 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.51", "source": "וְ֠אָכַל פְּרִ֨י בְהֶמְתְּךָ֥ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתְךָ֮ עַ֣ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָךְ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֜יר לְךָ֗ דָּגָן֙ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָ֔ר שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ עַ֥ד הַאֲבִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʾākal* *pərî* *bəhemtəkā* *û*-*pərî*-*ʾadmātəkā* until *hiššāmədāk* which not-*yašʾîr* to-*ləkā* *dāgān* *tîrôš* *wə*-*yiṣhār* *šəgar* *ʾălāpeykā* *wə*-*ʿaštərōt* *ṣōʾnekā* until *haʾăbîdô* *ʾōtāk*.", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾākal*": "perfect Qal 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'it will eat/consume'", "*pərî*": "masculine singular construct - 'fruit of'", "*bəhemtəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your beast/cattle'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*pərî*": "masculine singular construct - 'fruit of'", "*ʾadmātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your ground'", "*hiššāmədāk*": "Niphal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your destruction'", "*yašʾîr*": "imperfect Hiphil 3rd masculine singular - 'it will leave'", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'for you'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain'", "*tîrôš*": "masculine singular noun - 'new wine'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yiṣhār*": "masculine singular noun - 'fresh oil'", "*šəgar*": "masculine singular construct - 'offspring of'", "*ʾălāpeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your cattle'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʿaštərōt*": "feminine plural construct - 'young ones of'", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your flock'", "*haʾăbîdô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his destroying'", "*ʾōtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you'" }, "variants": { "*ʾākal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*pərî bəhemtəkā*": "fruit of your cattle/produce of your livestock", "*pərî-ʾadmātəkā*": "fruit of your ground/produce of your land", "*hiššāmədāk*": "your destruction/until you are destroyed", "*yašʾîr*": "leave/leave remaining/spare", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh wine", "*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil", "*šəgar ʾălāpeykā*": "offspring of your cattle/increase of your herds", "*ʿaštərōt ṣōʾnekā*": "young ones of your flocks/increase of your sheep", "*haʾăbîdô*": "his destroying/his causing to perish" } } 52 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.52", "source": "וְהֵצַ֨ר לְךָ֜ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֗יךָ עַ֣ד רֶ֤דֶת חֹמֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַגְּבֹה֣וֹת וְהַבְּצֻר֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בֹּטֵ֥חַ בָּהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהֵצַ֤ר לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*hēṣar* to-you in-all-*šĕʿārêkā* until *redet* *ḥōmōtêkā* the-*gĕbōhôt* and-the-*bĕṣurôt* which you *bōṭēaḥ* in-them in-all-*ʾarṣekā*; and-*hēṣar* to-you in-all-*šĕʿārêkā* in-all-*ʾarṣĕkā* which *nātan* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-you.", "grammar": { "*hēṣar*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd singular - make narrow/besiege/distress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/cities", "*redet*": "Qal infinitive construct - coming down/falling", "*ḥōmōtêkā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your walls", "*gĕbōhôt*": "adjective feminine plural - high/tall", "*bĕṣurôt*": "adjective feminine plural - fortified/inaccessible", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - trusting", "*ʾarṣekā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - give/place/set", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*hēṣar*": "besiege/distress/harass/oppress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "your gates/your cities/your towns", "*redet*": "coming down/falling/descending", "*ḥōmōtêkā*": "your walls/your fortifications", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "trusting/relying/having confidence" } } 53 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.53", "source": "וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ פְרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֗ בְּשַׂ֤ר בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁר־יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֖ אֹיְבֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And-*ʾākaltā* *pĕrî*-*biṭnĕkā*, *bĕśar* *bānêkā* and-*bĕnōtêkā* which *nātan*-to-you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*, in-*māṣôr* and-in-*māṣôq* which-*yāṣîq* to-you *ʾōyebêkā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾākaltā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will eat", "*pĕrî*": "noun masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*biṭnĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your belly/womb", "*bĕśar*": "noun masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*bānêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*bĕnōtêkā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your daughters", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has given", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege/distress", "*māṣôq*": "noun masculine singular - straits/distress", "*yāṣîq*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will distress/harass", "*ʾōyebêkā*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemy" }, "variants": { "*pĕrî*-*biṭnĕkā*": "fruit of your womb/offspring/children", "*bĕśar*": "flesh/meat/body", "*māṣôr*": "siege/distress/constraint", "*māṣôq*": "straits/distress/anguish", "*yāṣîq*": "distress/harass/oppress" } } 54 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.54", "source": "הָאִישׁ֙ הָרַ֣ךְ בְּךָ֔ וְהֶעָנֹ֖ג מְאֹ֑ד תֵּרַ֨ע עֵינ֤וֹ בְאָחִיו֙ וּבְאֵ֣שֶׁת חֵיק֔וֹ וּבְיֶ֥תֶר בָּנָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹתִֽיר׃", "text": "The-*ʾîš* the-*rak* in-you and-the-*ʿānōg* *mĕʾōd*, *tēraʿ* *ʿênô* against-*ʾāḥîw* and-against-*ʾēšet* *ḥêqô* and-against-*yeter* *bānāw* which *yôtîr*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rak*": "adjective masculine singular - tender/soft/delicate", "*ʿānōg*": "adjective masculine singular - dainty/delicate/luxurious", "*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*tēraʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be evil", "*ʿênô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eye", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*ʾēšet*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ḥêqô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his bosom", "*yeter*": "noun masculine singular construct - remainder/rest of", "*bānāw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*yôtîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will leave remaining" }, "variants": { "*rak*": "tender/soft/delicate/sensitive/pampered", "*ʿānōg*": "dainty/delicate/luxurious/refined", "*tēraʿ* *ʿênô*": "his eye will be evil/he will look with evil intent/he will be stingy toward", "*ḥêqô*": "his bosom/his embrace/his lap", "*yeter*": "remainder/rest/remnant" } } 55 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.55", "source": "מִתֵּ֣ת ׀ לְאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֗ם מִבְּשַׂ֤ר בָּנָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאכֵ֔ל מִבְּלִ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ כֹּ֑ל בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֛ אֹיִבְךָ֖ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "From-*tēt* to-*ʾaḥad* of-them from-*bĕśar* *bānāyw* which *yōʾkēl*, from-*bĕlî* *hišʾîr*-to-him *kōl*, in-*māṣôr* and-in-*māṣôq* which *yāṣîq* to-you *ʾōyibĕkā* in-all-*šĕʿārêkā*.", "grammar": { "*tēt*": "Qal infinitive construct - giving", "*ʾaḥad*": "numeral masculine singular - one", "*bĕśar*": "noun masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*bānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*yōʾkēl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will eat", "*bĕlî*": "preposition - without", "*hišʾîr*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - leaving", "*kōl*": "noun masculine singular - all/any", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege/distress", "*māṣôq*": "noun masculine singular - straits/distress", "*yāṣîq*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will distress/harass", "*ʾōyibĕkā*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemy", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/cities" }, "variants": { "*tēt*": "giving/offering/providing", "*bĕśar*": "flesh/meat/body", "*bĕlî*": "without/because of not/failure to", "*māṣôr*": "siege/distress/constraint", "*māṣôq*": "straits/distress/anguish", "*yāṣîq*": "distress/harass/oppress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "your gates/your cities/your towns" } } 56 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.56", "source": "הָרַכָּ֨ה בְךָ֜ וְהָעֲנֻגָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־נִסְּתָ֤ה כַף־רַגְלָהּ֙ הַצֵּ֣ג עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּ֖ג וּמֵרֹ֑ךְ תֵּרַ֤ע עֵינָהּ֙ בְּאִ֣ישׁ חֵיקָ֔הּ וּבִבְנָ֖הּ וּבְבִתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "The-*rakkāh* in-you and-the-*ʿănuggāh* who not-*nissĕtāh* *kap*-*raglāh* *haṣṣēg* on-the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*hithʿannēg* and-from-*rōk*, *tēraʿ* *ʿênāh* against-*ʾîš* *ḥêqāh* and-against-*bĕnāh* and-against-*bittāh*.", "grammar": { "*rakkāh*": "adjective feminine singular - tender/soft/delicate", "*ʿănuggāh*": "adjective feminine singular - dainty/delicate/luxurious", "*nissĕtāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - she has tried/attempted", "*kap*": "noun feminine singular construct - palm of", "*raglāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her foot", "*haṣṣēg*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - to place/set", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land/ground", "*hithʿannēg*": "Hithpael infinitive construct - to pamper oneself/be delicate", "*rōk*": "noun masculine singular - tenderness/delicacy", "*tēraʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be evil", "*ʿênāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her eye", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥêqāh*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bosom", "*bĕnāh*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her son", "*bittāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her daughter" }, "variants": { "*rakkāh*": "tender/soft/delicate/sensitive woman", "*ʿănuggāh*": "dainty/delicate/luxurious/refined woman", "*nissĕtāh*": "she has tried/attempted/tested/ventured", "*kap*-*raglāh* *haṣṣēg*": "to set the sole of her foot", "*hithʿannēg*": "pampering herself/being delicate/being luxurious", "*rōk*": "tenderness/delicacy/softness", "*tēraʿ* *ʿênāh*": "her eye will be evil/she will look with evil intent/she will be stingy" } } 57 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.57", "source": "וּֽבְשִׁלְיָתָ֞הּ הַיּוֹצֵ֣ת ׀ מִבֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֗יהָ וּבְבָנֶ֙יהָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד כִּֽי־תֹאכְלֵ֥ם בְּחֹֽסֶר־כֹּ֖ל בַּסָּ֑תֶר בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֛ אֹיִבְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-in-*šilyātāh* the-*yôṣēt* from-between *raglêhā* and-in-*bānêhā* which *tēlēd* for-*tōʾklēm* in-*ḥōser*-*kōl* in-the-*sāter* in-*māṣôr* and-in-*māṣôq* which *yāṣîq* to-you *ʾōyibĕkā* in-*šĕʿārêkā*.", "grammar": { "*šilyātāh*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her afterbirth", "*yôṣēt*": "Qal participle feminine singular - coming out/emerging", "*raglêhā*": "noun feminine dual with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her feet", "*bānêhā*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her children", "*tēlēd*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she will bear", "*tōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - she will eat them", "*ḥōser*": "noun masculine singular construct - lack of", "*kōl*": "noun masculine singular - all/everything", "*sāter*": "noun masculine singular - secrecy/hiding", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege/distress", "*māṣôq*": "noun masculine singular - straits/distress", "*yāṣîq*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will distress/harass", "*ʾōyibĕkā*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemy", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/cities" }, "variants": { "*šilyātāh*": "her afterbirth/placenta", "*yôṣēt*": "coming out/emerging/exiting", "*ḥōser*-*kōl*": "lack of everything/complete want/utter destitution", "*sāter*": "secrecy/hiding/concealment", "*māṣôr*": "siege/distress/constraint", "*māṣôq*": "straits/distress/anguish", "*yāṣîq*": "distress/harass/oppress", "*šĕʿārêkā*": "your gates/your cities/your towns" } } 58 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.58", "source": "אִם־לֹ֨א תִשְׁמֹ֜ר לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתוּבִ֖ים בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה לְ֠יִרְאָה אֶת־הַשֵּׁ֞ם הַנִּכְבָּ֤ד וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "If-not *tišmōr* to-*ʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* the-*tôrāh* the-this, the-*kĕtûbîm* in-the-*sēper* the-this, to-*yirʾāh* *ʾet*-the-*šēm* the-*nikbād* and-the-*nôrāʾ* the-this, *ʾēt* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*.", "grammar": { "*tišmōr*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will observe/keep", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - doing/performing", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - instruction/law/teaching", "*kĕtûbîm*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural - written/inscribed", "*sēper*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll/document", "*yirʾāh*": "Qal infinitive construct - fearing/revering", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular - name", "*nikbād*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - honored/glorious", "*nôrāʾ*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - feared/awesome", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*tišmōr*": "observe/keep/guard/preserve", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/accomplish/fulfill", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/things", "*tôrāh*": "instruction/law/teaching/direction", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document/writing", "*yirʾāh*": "to fear/revere/be in awe of", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*nikbād*": "honored/glorious/weighty/distinguished", "*nôrāʾ*": "feared/awesome/terrible/dreadful" } } 59 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.59", "source": "וְהִפְלָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מַכֹּ֣תְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת מַכּ֣וֹת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ מַכּ֤וֹת גְּדֹלוֹת֙ וְנֶ֣אֱמָנ֔וֹת וָחֳלָיִ֥ם רָעִ֖ים וְנֶאֱמָנִֽים׃", "text": "And-*hiplāʾ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*makkōtĕkā*, and-*ʾēt* *makkôt* *zarʿekā*; *makkôt* *gĕdōlôt* and-*neʾĕmānôt*, and-*ḥŏlāyîm* *rāʿîm* and-*neʾĕmānîm*.", "grammar": { "*hiplāʾ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - make extraordinary/wonderful", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*makkōtĕkā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your plagues", "*makkôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - plagues of", "*zarʿekā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your seed/offspring", "*gĕdōlôt*": "adjective feminine plural - great/large", "*neʾĕmānôt*": "Niphal participle feminine plural - enduring/lasting/faithful", "*ḥŏlāyîm*": "noun masculine plural - diseases/sicknesses", "*rāʿîm*": "adjective masculine plural - evil/severe/harmful", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "Niphal participle masculine plural - enduring/lasting/faithful" }, "variants": { "*hiplāʾ*": "make extraordinary/wonderful/remarkable/distinct", "*makkôt*": "plagues/blows/strokes/wounds", "*zarʿekā*": "your seed/offspring/descendants/posterity", "*gĕdōlôt*": "great/large/severe/intense", "*neʾĕmānôt*": "enduring/lasting/faithful/persistent", "*ḥŏlāyîm*": "diseases/sicknesses/illnesses/maladies", "*rāʿîm*": "evil/bad/malignant/severe", "*neʾĕmānîm*": "enduring/lasting/faithful/persistent" } } 60 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.60", "source": "וְהֵשִׁ֣יב בְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַדְוֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגֹ֖רְתָּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְדָבְק֖וּ בָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*hēšîb* in-you *ʾēt* all-*madwēh* *miṣrayim* which *yāgōrtā* from-*pĕnêhem*; and-*dābĕqû* in-you.", "grammar": { "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - bring back/return", "*madwēh*": "noun masculine singular construct - disease of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāgōrtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you feared", "*pĕnêhem*": "noun common plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their face/presence", "*dābĕqû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will cleave/cling" }, "variants": { "*hēšîb*": "bring back/return/restore/cause to return", "*madwēh*": "disease/illness/sickness/affliction", "*yāgōrtā*": "you feared/dreaded/were afraid of", "*pĕnêhem*": "their face/presence/sight", "*dābĕqû*": "they will cleave/cling/adhere/stick to" } } 61 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.61", "source": "גַּ֤ם כָּל־חֳלִי֙ וְכָל־מַכָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א כָת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את יַעְלֵ֤‪[t]‬ם יְהוָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃", "text": "Also all-*ḥŏlî* and-all-*makkāh* which not *kātûb* in-*sēper* the-*tôrāh* the-this; *yaʿlēm* *YHWH* upon-you until *hiššāmĕdākĕ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥŏlî*": "noun masculine singular - disease/sickness", "*makkāh*": "noun feminine singular - blow/stroke/plague", "*kātûb*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - written", "*sēper*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - instruction/law/teaching", "*yaʿlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will bring them up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hiššāmĕdākĕ*": "Niphal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your being destroyed" }, "variants": { "*ḥŏlî*": "disease/sickness/illness/affliction", "*makkāh*": "blow/stroke/plague/wound", "*kātûb*": "written/recorded/inscribed", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document/writing", "*tôrāh*": "instruction/law/teaching/direction", "*yaʿlēm*": "he will bring them up/cause them to come upon", "*hiššāmĕdākĕ*": "your being destroyed/annihilated/exterminated" } } 62 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.62", "source": "וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ בִּמְתֵ֣י מְעָ֔ט תַּ֚חַת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֱיִיתֶ֔ם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹ֑ב כִּי־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*nišʾartem* in-*mĕtê* *mĕʿāṭ*, *taḥat* which *hĕyîtem* like-*kôkĕbê* the-*šāmayim* for-*rōb*; for-not *šāmaʿtā* in-*qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*.", "grammar": { "*nišʾartem*": "Niphal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be left/remain", "*mĕtê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "adjective masculine singular - few/small", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/beneath", "*hĕyîtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you were", "*kôkĕbê*": "noun masculine plural construct - stars of", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*rōb*": "noun masculine singular - abundance/multitude", "*šāmaʿtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you listened to/obeyed", "*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*nišʾartem*": "you will be left/remain/be spared", "*mĕtê* *mĕʿāṭ*": "few men/small number/just a few", "*taḥat*": "instead of/beneath/under/in place of", "*kôkĕbê* *šāmayim*": "stars of heaven/celestial stars", "*rōb*": "abundance/multitude/great number", "*šāmaʿtā*": "you listened to/obeyed/heeded/complied with", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/utterance" } } 63 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.63", "source": "וְ֠הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨שׂ יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם לְהֵיטִ֣יב אֶתְכֶם֮ וּלְהַרְבּ֣וֹת אֶתְכֶם֒ כֵּ֣ן יָשִׂ֤ישׂ יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לְהַאֲבִ֥יד אֶתְכֶ֖ם וּלְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְנִסַּחְתֶּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* as-which-*śāś* *YHWH* over-you to-*hêṭîb* you and-to-*harbôt* you, so *yāśîś* *YHWH* over-you to-*haʾăbîd* you and-to-*hašmîd* you; and-*nissaḥtem* from-upon the-*ʾădāmāh* which-you *bāʾ*-there to-*rištāh*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*śāś*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he rejoiced", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hêṭîb*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to do good to", "*harbôt*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to multiply/increase", "*yāśîś*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rejoice", "*haʾăbîd*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy/exterminate", "*hašmîd*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to annihilate/exterminate", "*nissaḥtem*": "Niphal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be uprooted/torn away", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - ground/land/earth", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - entering/going", "*rištāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*śāś*": "rejoiced/delighted/was glad", "*hêṭîb*": "to do good to/benefit/treat well", "*harbôt*": "to multiply/increase/make numerous", "*yāśîś*": "he will rejoice/delight/be glad", "*haʾăbîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/wipe out", "*hašmîd*": "to annihilate/exterminate/destroy completely", "*nissaḥtem*": "you will be uprooted/torn away/plucked up", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*rištāh*": "to possess it/take possession of it/inherit it" } } 64 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.64", "source": "וֶהֱפִֽיצְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים מִקְצֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעָבַ֨דְתָּ שָּׁ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יָדַ֛עְתָּ אַתָּ֥ה וַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "And-*hēpîṣĕkā* *YHWH* in-all-the-*ʿammîm* from-*qĕṣēh* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-until-*qĕṣēh* the-*ʾāreṣ*; and-*ʿābadtā* there *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* which not-*yādaʿtā* you and-*ʾăbōtêkā*, *ʿēṣ* and-*ʾāben*.", "grammar": { "*hēpîṣĕkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will scatter you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿammîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*qĕṣēh*": "noun masculine singular construct - end of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*ʿābadtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - other/foreign", "*yādaʿtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you knew", "*ʾăbōtêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun masculine singular - wood/tree", "*ʾāben*": "noun feminine singular - stone" }, "variants": { "*hēpîṣĕkā*": "he will scatter you/disperse you/spread you abroad", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*qĕṣēh*": "end/extremity/border", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/world", "*ʿābadtā*": "you will serve/worship/be subject to", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*yādaʿtā*": "you knew/were acquainted with/experienced", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber", "*ʾāben*": "stone/rock" } } 65 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.65", "source": "וּבַגּוֹיִ֤ם הָהֵם֙ לֹ֣א תַרְגִּ֔יעַ וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מָנ֖וֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלֶ֑ךָ וְנָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לְךָ֥ שָׁם֙ לֵ֣ב רַגָּ֔ז וְכִלְי֥וֹן עֵינַ֖יִם וְדֽ͏ַאֲב֥וֹן נָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "And among *gôyim* the those not *targîa'* and not *yihyeh* *mānôaḥ* to *kap*-*raglêkā*; and *nātan* *YHWH* to you there *lēb* *raggāz* and *kilyôn* *'ênayim* and *da'ăbôn* *nāpeš*.", "grammar": { "*gôyim*": "masculine plural construct - nations/gentiles", "*targîa'*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will find rest", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - rest/resting place", "*kap*": "construct form - sole/palm", "*raglêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your feet", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave/will give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*raggāz*": "adjective masculine singular - trembling/quivering", "*kilyôn*": "masculine singular noun - failing/longing", "*'ênayim*": "feminine dual noun - eyes", "*da'ăbôn*": "masculine singular noun - sorrow/anguish", "*nāpeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/life/being" }, "variants": { "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*targîa'*": "find rest/be at ease/settle", "*mānôaḥ*": "rest/resting place/respite", "*lēb raggāz*": "trembling heart/anxious mind/fearful heart", "*kilyôn 'ênayim*": "failing of eyes/yearning of eyes/wasting away of sight", "*da'ăbôn nāpeš*": "sorrow of soul/anguish of being/despair of life" } } 66 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.66", "source": "וְהָי֣וּ חַיֶּ֔יךָ תְּלֻאִ֥ים לְךָ֖ מִנֶּ֑גֶד וּפָֽחַדְתָּ֙ לַ֣יְלָה וְיוֹמָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תַאֲמִ֖ין בְּחַיֶּֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *hāyû* *ḥayyêkā* *telu'îm* to you *minneged*, and *pāḥadtā* *laylāh* and *yômām*, and not *ta'ămîn* in *ḥayyêkā*.", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they will be", "*ḥayyêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your life", "*telu'îm*": "qal passive participle masculine plural - hanging/in doubt", "*minneged*": "preposition - in front of/opposite", "*pāḥadtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will fear/dread", "*laylāh*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daytime", "*ta'ămîn*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will believe/trust", "*ḥayyêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your life" }, "variants": { "*telu'îm*": "hanging/suspended/in doubt/uncertain", "*minneged*": "in front of you/before you/opposite you", "*pāḥadtā*": "you will dread/be in terror/fear", "*ta'ămîn*": "believe/trust/have confidence" } } 67 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.67", "source": "בַּבֹּ֤קֶר תֹּאמַר֙ מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן עֶ֔רֶב וּבָעֶ֥רֶב תֹּאמַ֖ר מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן בֹּ֑קֶר מִפַּ֤חַד לְבָֽבְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְחָ֔ד וּמִמַּרְאֵ֥ה עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "In the *bōqer* *tō'mar* who-*yittēn* *'ereb*, and in the *'ereb* *tō'mar* who-*yittēn* *bōqer*, from *paḥad* *lebābkā* which *tipḥād*, and from *mar'ēh* *'ênêkā* which *tir'eh*.", "grammar": { "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning", "*tō'mar*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will say", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - would give/grant", "*'ereb*": "masculine singular noun - evening", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular construct noun - fear/dread", "*lebābkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*tipḥād*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will fear", "*mar'ēh*": "masculine singular construct noun - sight/appearance", "*'ênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*tir'eh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will see" }, "variants": { "*mî-yittēn*": "who would give/if only/would that", "*paḥad lebābkā*": "fear of your heart/terror in your heart/dread in your mind", "*mar'ēh 'ênêkā*": "sight of your eyes/what your eyes see/visions your eyes behold" } } 68 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.68", "source": "וֶֽהֱשִֽׁיבְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ מִצְרַיִם֮ בָּאֳנִיּוֹת֒ בַּדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣רְתִּֽי לְךָ֔ לֹא־תֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד לִרְאֹתָ֑הּ וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּ֨ם שָׁ֧ם לְאֹיְבֶ֛יךָ לַעֲבָדִ֥ים וְלִשְׁפָח֖וֹת וְאֵ֥ין קֹנֶֽה׃", "text": "And *hešîbkā* *YHWH* *miṣrayim* in the *'ŏniyyôt*, in the *derek* which *'āmartî* to you, not *tôsîp* again *lir'ōtāh*; and *hitmakartem* there to *'ōyebêkā* for *'ăbādîm* and for *šəpāḥôt*, and there is not *qōneh*.", "grammar": { "*hešîbkā*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will bring you back", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*'ŏniyyôt*": "feminine plural noun - ships", "*derek*": "masculine singular noun construct - way/road", "*'āmartî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I said", "*tôsîp*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will add/continue", "*lir'ōtāh*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to see it", "*hitmakartem*": "hithpael perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will sell yourselves", "*'ōyebêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*'ăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves/servants", "*šəpāḥôt*": "feminine plural noun - female slaves/servants", "*qōneh*": "qal participle masculine singular - buyer/purchaser" }, "variants": { "*hešîbkā*": "bring you back/return you/cause you to return", "*'ŏniyyôt*": "ships/vessels/boats", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/path", "*hitmakartem*": "sell yourselves/offer yourselves for sale/be sold", "*'ăbādîm*": "male slaves/male servants/bondmen", "*šəpāḥôt*": "female slaves/female servants/bondwomen", "*'ên qōneh*": "no buyer/none to purchase/no one willing to buy" } }
• Deut 29:18-28 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.18", "source": "וְהָיָ֡ה בְּשָׁמְעוֹ֩ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֨י הָֽאָלָ֜ה הַזֹּ֗את וְהִתְבָּרֵ֨ךְ בִּלְבָב֤וֹ לֵאמֹר֙ שָׁל֣וֹם יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֔י כִּ֛י בִּשְׁרִר֥וּת לִבִּ֖י אֵלֵ֑ךְ לְמַ֛עַן סְפ֥וֹת הָרָוָ֖ה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* in-*šomʿô* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the-*ʾālāh* the-*zōʾt* and-*hitbārēḵ* in-*lᵉbābô* to-*lēʾmōr* *šālôm* *yihyeh*-to-me, for in-*šᵉrîrût* *libbî* *ʾēlēḵ*; for-purpose-of *sᵉp̄ôt* the-*rāwāh* *ʾet*-the-*ṣᵉmēʾāh*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it will be", "*šomʿô*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hearing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - this", "*hitbārēḵ*": "Hitpael perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he blesses himself", "*lᵉbābô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to say", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*šᵉrîrût*": "noun feminine singular construct - stubbornness of", "*libbî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st common singular suffix - my heart", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will walk", "*sᵉp̄ôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sweep away", "*rāwāh*": "adjective feminine singular - watered/saturated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣᵉmēʾāh*": "adjective feminine singular - thirsty" }, "variants": { "*hitbārēḵ*": "blesses himself/congratulates himself/reassures himself", "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/safety", "*šᵉrîrût*": "stubbornness/hardness/willfulness", "*sᵉp̄ôt*": "to add/sweep away/destroy", "*rāwāh*": "watered/saturated/drunken", "*ṣᵉmēʾāh*": "thirsty/dry/parched" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.19", "source": "לֹא־יֹאבֶ֣ה יְהוָה֮ סְלֹ֣חַֽ לוֹ֒ כִּ֣י אָ֠ז יֶעְשַׁ֨ן אַף־יְהוָ֤ה וְקִנְאָתוֹ֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְרָ֤בְצָה־‪[c]‬ בּוֹ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וּמָחָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שְׁמ֔וֹ מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "Not-*yōʾbeh* *YHWH* *sᵉlōaḥ* to-him, for then *yeʿšan* anger-*YHWH* and-*qinʾātô* against-the-*ʾîš* the-that, and-*rābṣāh* against-him all-the-*ʾālāh* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-the-*sēp̄er* the-*zeh*, and-*māḥāh* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*šᵉmô* from-under the-*šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾbeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be willing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to forgive/pardon", "*yeʿšan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will smoke", "*qinʾātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his jealousy", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rābṣāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it will lie down", "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this", "*māḥāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he will wipe out", "*šᵉmô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*šāmāyim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*yōʾbeh*": "be willing/consent/agree", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "to forgive/pardon/spare", "*yeʿšan*": "smoke/burn/be kindled", "*qinʾātô*": "his jealousy/zeal/passion", "*rābṣāh*": "settle upon/crouch/lie in wait", "*māḥāh*": "wipe out/blot out/destroy" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.20", "source": "וְהִבְדִּיל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ לְרָעָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹל֙ אָל֣וֹת הַבְּרִ֔ית הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*hibdîlô* *YHWH* for-*rāʿāh* from-all *šibṭê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, according-to-all *ʾālôt* the-*bᵉrît* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-*sēp̄er* the-*tôrāh* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*hibdîlô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he will separate him", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - evil/harm", "*šibṭê*": "noun masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾālôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - curses of", "*bᵉrît*": "noun feminine singular - covenant", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hibdîlô*": "separate him/single him out/set him apart", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/disaster/calamity", "*ʾālôt*": "curses/oaths/imprecations", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.21", "source": "וְאָמַ֞ר הַדּ֣וֹר הֽ͏ָאַחֲר֗וֹן בְּנֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָק֙וּמוּ֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵיכֶ֔ם וְהַ֨נָּכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָבֹ֖א מֵאֶ֣רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֑ה וְ֠רָאוּ אֶת־מַכּ֞וֹת הָאָ֤רֶץ הַהִוא֙ וְאֶת־תַּ֣חֲלֻאֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־חִלָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmar* the-*dôr* the-*ʾaḥărôn*, *bᵉnêḵem* that *yāqûmû* from-after-you, and-the-*noḵrî* that *yābōʾ* from-*ʾereṣ* *rᵉḥôqāh*; and-*rāʾû* *ʾet*-*makkôt* the-*ʾāreṣ* the-that and-*ʾet*-*taḥălûʾeyhā* that-*ḥillāh* *YHWH* against-it.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he will say", "*dôr*": "noun masculine singular - generation", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "adjective masculine singular - latter/last", "*bᵉnêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*yāqûmû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will arise", "*noḵrî*": "adjective masculine singular - foreigner/stranger", "*yābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will come", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*rᵉḥôqāh*": "adjective feminine singular - distant/far", "*rāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural consecutive - and they will see", "*makkôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - plagues/wounds of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*taḥălûʾeyhā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its diseases", "*ḥillāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made sick" }, "variants": { "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "latter/last/following", "*noḵrî*": "foreigner/stranger/alien", "*makkôt*": "plagues/wounds/afflictions", "*taḥălûʾeyhā*": "its diseases/sicknesses/maladies", "*ḥillāh*": "made sick/afflicted/wounded" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.22", "source": "גָּפְרִ֣ית וָמֶלַח֮ שְׂרֵפָ֣ה כָל־אַרְצָהּ֒ לֹ֤א תִזָּרַע֙ וְלֹ֣א תַצְמִ֔חַ וְלֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה בָ֖הּ כָּל־עֵ֑שֶׂב כְּֽמַהְפֵּכַ֞ת סְדֹ֤ם וַעֲמֹרָה֙ אַדְמָ֣ה *וצביים **וּצְבוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הָפַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה בְּאַפּ֖וֹ וּבַחֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Gop̄rît* and-*melaḥ* *śᵉrēp̄āh* all-*ʾarṣāh*: not *tizzāraʿ* and-not *taṣmîaḥ* and-not-*yaʿăleh* in-it all-*ʿēśeb*; like-*mahpēḵat* *Sᵉdōm* and-*ʿĂmōrāh*, *ʾAdmāh* and-*Ṣᵉbôyîm* that *hāp̄aḵ* *YHWH* in-*ʾappô* and-in-*ḥămātô*.", "grammar": { "*Gop̄rît*": "noun feminine singular - brimstone/sulphur", "*melaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - salt", "*śᵉrēp̄āh*": "noun feminine singular - burning", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its land", "*tizzāraʿ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it is sown", "*taṣmîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it sprouts", "*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it grows", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun masculine singular - plant/vegetation", "*mahpēḵat*": "noun feminine singular construct - overthrow of", "*Sᵉdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʿĂmōrāh*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*ʾAdmāh*": "proper noun - Admah", "*Ṣᵉbôyîm*": "proper noun - Zeboiim", "*hāp̄aḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he overthrew", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾappô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ḥămātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath" }, "variants": { "*Gop̄rît*": "brimstone/sulphur", "*śᵉrēp̄āh*": "burning/combustion", "*tizzāraʿ*": "is sown/planted", "*taṣmîaḥ*": "sprouts/causes to grow", "*mahpēḵat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturn", "*hāp̄aḵ*": "overthrew/overturned/destroyed", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/nostril/face", "*ḥămātô*": "his wrath/rage/fury" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.23", "source": "וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה כָּ֖כָה לָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את מֶ֥ה חֳרִ֛י הָאַ֥ף הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmᵉrû* all-the-*gôyim*: For-what *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* thus to-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-*zōʾt*? What *ḥŏrî* the-*ʾap̄* the-*gādôl* the-*zeh*?", "grammar": { "*ʾāmᵉrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural consecutive - and they will say", "*gôyim*": "noun masculine plural - nations", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - this", "*ḥŏrî*": "noun masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾap̄*": "noun masculine singular - nose/anger", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/accomplished", "*ḥŏrî*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.24", "source": "וְאָ֣מְר֔וּ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽזְב֔וּ אֶת־בְּרִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּרַ֣ת עִמָּ֔ם בְּהוֹצִיא֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmᵉrû*: Because that *ʿāzᵉbû* *ʾet*-*bᵉrît* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʾăbōtām* that *kārat* with-them in-*hôṣîʾô* them from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmᵉrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural consecutive - and they will say", "*ʿāzᵉbû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they forsook", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bᵉrît*": "noun feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he cut", "*hôṣîʾô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzᵉbû*": "forsook/abandoned/left", "*bᵉrît*": "covenant/treaty/agreement", "*kārat*": "cut/made/established", "*hôṣîʾô*": "his bringing out/leading out" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.25", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיַּֽעַבְדוּ֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם אֱלֹהִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּם וְלֹ֥א חָלַ֖ק לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*yēlᵉḵû* and-*yaʿabdû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*yištaḥăwû* to-them, *ʾĕlōhîm* that not-*yᵉdāʿûm* and-not *ḥālaq* to-them.", "grammar": { "*yēlᵉḵû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they went", "*yaʿabdû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they served", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - other", "*yištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they bowed down", "*yᵉdāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he allotted" }, "variants": { "*yēlᵉḵû*": "they went/followed/walked", "*yaʿabdû*": "they served/worshiped/worked for", "*yištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated/worshiped", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/assigned/apportioned" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.26", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑וא לְהָבִ֤יא עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַקְּלָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֥פֶר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*yiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* against-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-that to-*hābîʾ* upon-it *ʾet*-all-the-*qᵉlālāh* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-the-*sēp̄er* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*yiḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it burned", "*ʾap̄*": "noun masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*hābîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*qᵉlālāh*": "noun feminine singular - curse", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar*": "burned/was kindled/became hot", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*hābîʾ*": "to bring/cause to come", "*qᵉlālāh*": "curse/imprecation/execration" } } 27 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.27", "source": "וַיִּתְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מֵעַ֣ל אַדְמָתָ֔ם בְּאַ֥ף וּבְחֵמָ֖ה וּבְקֶ֣צֶף גָּד֑וֹל וַיַּשְׁלִכֵ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ אַחֶ֖רֶת כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*yittᵉšēm* *YHWH* from-upon *ʾadmātām* in-*ʾap̄* and-in-*ḥēmāh* and-in-*qeṣep̄* *gādôl*, and-*yašlîḵēm* to-*ʾereṣ* *ʾaḥeret* as-the-*yôm* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*yittᵉšēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he plucked them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾadmātām*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their land", "*ʾap̄*": "noun masculine singular - anger", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun feminine singular - wrath", "*qeṣep̄*": "noun masculine singular - rage/anger", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*yašlîḵēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he cast them", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*ʾaḥeret*": "adjective feminine singular - another", "*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yittᵉšēm*": "plucked them/uprooted them/pulled them up", "*ʾadmātām*": "their land/soil/ground", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*qeṣep̄*": "rage/anger/indignation", "*yašlîḵēm*": "cast them/threw them/hurled them" } } 28 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.28", "source": "הַ֨נִּסְתָּרֹ֔ת לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְהַנִּגְלֹ֞ת לָ֤ׄנׄוּׄ‪[4]‬ וּׄלְׄבָׄנֵׄ֙יׄנׄוּׄ֙‪[4]‬ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ ס", "text": "The-*nistārōt* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* and-the-*niglōt* to-us and-to-*bānênû* until-*ʿôlām*, to-*ʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* the-*tôrāh* the-*zōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*nistārōt*": "Niphal participle feminine plural - hidden things", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*niglōt*": "Niphal participle feminine plural - revealed things", "*bānênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st common plural suffix - our sons", "*ʿôlām*": "noun masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*nistārōt*": "hidden things/secret things/concealed matters", "*niglōt*": "revealed things/disclosed matters", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/things", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Deut 31:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.16", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְּךָ֥ שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְקָם֩ הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה וְזָנָ֣ה ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵֽכַר־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא בָא־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַעֲזָבַ֕נִי וְהֵפֵר֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖תִּי אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer YHWH ʾel-mōšeh hinnəkā šōkēb ʿim-ʾăbōteykā wə-qām hā-ʿām ha-zeh wə-zānāh ʾaḥărê ʾĕlōhê nēkar-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer hûʾ bāʾ-šāmmāh bə-qirbô wa-ʿăzābanî wə-hēpēr ʾet-bərîtî ʾăšer kārattî ʾittô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses", "*hinnəkā*": "particle + 2nd masculine singular suffix - behold you", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - lying down/sleeping", "*ʿim-ʾăbōteykā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your fathers", "*wə-qām*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will rise", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "*wə-zānāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will prostitute itself", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*nēkar-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - foreign [gods] of the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*bāʾ-šāmmāh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular + directional particle - entering there", "*bə-qirbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in its midst", "*wa-ʿăzābanî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - and will forsake me", "*wə-hēpēr*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will break", "*ʾet-bərîtî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*kārattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I cut/made", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*šōkēb*": "lying down/sleeping/about to die", "*ʿim-ʾăbōteykā*": "with your fathers/ancestors/joining your ancestors in death", "*wə-qām*": "will rise/arise/stand up", "*wə-zānāh*": "prostitute itself/be unfaithful/commit idolatry", "*ʾĕlōhê nēkar*": "foreign gods/strange deities/alien gods", "*wa-ʿăzābanî*": "forsake me/abandon me/leave me", "*wə-hēpēr*": "break/violate/nullify", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/pact", "*kārattî*": "cut/made/established" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.17", "source": "וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֣י ב֣וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא וַעֲזַבְתִּ֞ים וְהִסְתַּרְתִּ֨י פָנַ֤י מֵהֶם֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לֶֽאֱכֹ֔ל וּמְצָאֻ֛הוּ רָע֥וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְצָר֑וֹת וְאָמַר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא הֲלֹ֗א עַ֣ל כִּֽי־אֵ֤ין אֱלֹהַי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י מְצָא֖וּנִי הָרָע֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*wə-ḥārāh ʾappî bô ba-yôm-ha-hûʾ wa-ʿăzabtîm wə-histartî pānay mēhem wə-hāyāh le-ʾĕkōl û-məṣāʾuhû rāʿôt rabbôt wə-ṣārôt wə-ʾāmar ba-yôm ha-hûʾ hă-lōʾ ʿal kî-ʾên ʾĕlōhay bə-qirbî məṣāʾûnî hā-rāʿôt hā-ʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥārāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will burn", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my anger/nostril", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ba-yôm-ha-hûʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that day", "*wa-ʿăzabtîm*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I will forsake them", "*wə-histartî*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will hide", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - my face", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them", "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will be", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - for devouring", "*û-məṣāʾuhû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and will find him", "*rāʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - evils", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many", "*wə-ṣārôt*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural - and distresses", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because", "*kî-ʾên*": "conjunction + negative existential particle - that there is no", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - my God", "*bə-qirbî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - in my midst", "*məṣāʾûnî*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st singular suffix - have found me", "*hā-rāʿôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the evils", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these" }, "variants": { "*ḥārāh*": "burn/be kindled/become hot", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nose/my wrath", "*wa-ʿăzabtîm*": "forsake them/abandon them/leave them", "*wə-histartî pānay*": "hide my face/withhold my presence/conceal my favor", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "to be devoured/consumed/destroyed", "*rāʿôt*": "evils/calamities/troubles", "*ṣārôt*": "distresses/troubles/adversities", "*bə-qirbî*": "in my midst/among me/within me" } }
• Deut 32:15-44 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ן יְשֻׁרוּן֙ וַיִּבְעָ֔ט שָׁמַ֖נְתָּ עָבִ֣יתָ כָּשִׂ֑יתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ֙ אֱל֣וֹהַ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וַיְנַבֵּ֖ל צ֥וּר יְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyišman* *yəšurûn* *wayyiḇʿāṭ* *šāmantā* *ʿāḇîṯā* *kāśîṯā* *wayyiṭṭōš* *ʾĕlôah* *ʿāśāhû* *waynaḇēl* *ṣûr* *yəšuʿāṯô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišman*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he grew fat", "*yəšurûn*": "proper noun - Jeshurun (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he kicked", "*šāmantā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew fat", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew thick", "*kāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you became covered/gorged", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he forsook", "*ʾĕlôah*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*ʿāśāhû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - who made him", "*waynaḇēl*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he treated with contempt", "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular construct noun - rock of", "*yəšuʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his salvation" }, "variants": { "*wayyišman*": "and he grew fat/and he became sleek/and he became prosperous", "*yəšurûn*": "Jeshurun/Upright One (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "and he kicked/and he rebelled/and he resisted", "*šāmantā*": "you grew fat/you became prosperous/you became sleek", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "you grew thick/you became stout/you became heavy", "*kāśîṯā*": "you became covered/you became gorged/you were bloated", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "and he forsook/and he abandoned/and he rejected", "*waynaḇēl*": "and he treated with contempt/and he spurned/and he dishonored", "*ṣûr yəšuʿāṯô*": "rock of his salvation/his saving rock" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.16", "source": "יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "*yaqnîʾuhû* *bəzārîm* *bəṯôʿēḇōṯ* *yaḵʿîsuhû*", "grammar": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous", "*bəzārîm*": "preposition + masculine plural adjective - with strange ones", "*bəṯôʿēḇōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - with abominations", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they provoked him" }, "variants": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "they made him jealous/they provoked him to jealousy/they moved him to envy", "*zārîm*": "strange ones/foreigners/alien things", "*tôʿēḇōṯ*": "abominations/detestable things/loathsome practices", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "they provoked him/they vexed him/they angered him" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.17", "source": "יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*yizbəḥû* *laššēdîm* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōah* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûm* *ḥădāšîm* *miqqārōḇ* *bāʾû* *lōʾ* *śəʿārûm* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*yizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrificed", "*laššēdîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with definite article - to the demons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōah*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "masculine plural adjective - new ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from recently", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śəʿārûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they dreaded them", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrificed/they offered/they slaughtered", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods", "*lōʾ ʾĕlōah*": "not God/no god/godless things", "*yədāʿûm*": "they knew them/they were acquainted with them/they recognized them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "new ones/newcomers/recent ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "from recently/from nearby/lately", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they arrived/they appeared", "*śəʿārûm*": "they dreaded them/they feared them/they were terrified of them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.18", "source": "צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ṣûr* *yəlādəḵā* *tešî* *wattiškaḥ* *ʾēl* *məḥōleleḵā*", "grammar": { "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*yəlādəḵā*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who begot you", "*tešî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forgot/neglected", "*wattiškaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*məḥōleleḵā*": "Polel participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who gave you birth" }, "variants": { "*ṣûr yəlādəḵā*": "rock who begot you/rock who fathered you", "*tešî*": "you forgot/you neglected/you were unmindful", "*wattiškaḥ*": "and you forgot/and you ignored/and you were unmindful", "*ʾēl məḥōleleḵā*": "God who gave you birth/God who brought you forth/God who formed you" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.19", "source": "וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּנְאָ֑ץ מִכַּ֥עַס בָּנָ֖יו וּבְנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyarʾ* *YHWH* *wayyinʾāṣ* *mikkaʿas* *bānāyw* *ûḇənōṯāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spurned", "*mikkaʿas*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from provocation of", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*ûḇənōṯāyw*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his daughters" }, "variants": { "*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/and he observed/and he noticed", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "and he spurned/and he despised/and he rejected", "*mikkaʿas*": "from provocation/because of anger/due to vexation", "*bānāyw*": "his sons/his children", "*bənōṯāyw*": "his daughters/his female children" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַסְתִּ֤ירָה פָנַי֙ מֵהֶ֔ם אֶרְאֶ֖ה מָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֑ם כִּ֣י ד֤וֹר תַּהְפֻּכֹת֙ הֵ֔מָּה בָּנִ֖ים לֹא־אֵמֻ֥ן בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *ʾastîrâ* *p̄ānay* *mēhem* *ʾerʾê* *mâ* *ʾaḥărîṯām* *kî* *dôr* *tahpuḵōṯ* *hēmmâ* *bānîm* *lōʾ*-*ʾēmun* *bām*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾastîrâ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will hide", "*p̄ānay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*ʾerʾê*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will see", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their end", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*dôr*": "masculine singular construct noun - generation of", "*tahpuḵōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - perversity", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾēmun*": "masculine singular noun - faithfulness", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them" }, "variants": { "*ʾastîrâ p̄ānay*": "I will hide my face/I will turn away from them/I will withdraw my presence", "*ʾerʾê*": "I will see/I will observe/I will watch", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "their end/their outcome/their future", "*dôr tahpuḵōṯ*": "generation of perversity/perverse generation/twisted generation", "*bānîm lōʾ-ʾēmun*": "children without faithfulness/unfaithful children/untrustworthy sons" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.21", "source": "הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּג֥וֹי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃", "text": "*hēm* *qinʾûnî* *ḇəlōʾ*-*ʾēl* *kiʿăsûnî* *bəhaḇlêhem* *waʾănî* *ʾaqnîʾēm* *bəlōʾ*-*ʿām* *bəgôy* *nāḇāl* *aḵʿîsēm*", "grammar": { "*hēm*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*qinʾûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they made me jealous", "*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - god", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they provoked me", "*bəhaḇlêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with their vanities", "*waʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will make them jealous", "*bəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*bəgôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with nation", "*nāḇāl*": "masculine singular adjective - foolish", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will provoke them" }, "variants": { "*qinʾûnî*": "they made me jealous/they provoked me to jealousy/they stirred me to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʾēl*": "with no god/with what is not god/with a non-deity", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "they provoked me/they vexed me/they made me angry", "*haḇlêhem*": "their vanities/their idols/their worthless things", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "I will make them jealous/I will provoke them to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʿām*": "with no people/with what is not a nation/with a non-people", "*gôy nāḇāl*": "foolish nation/senseless nation/contemptible people", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "I will provoke them/I will anger them/I will vex them" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.22", "source": "כִּי־אֵשׁ֙ קָדְחָ֣ה בְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּיקַ֖ד עַד־שְׁא֣וֹל תַּחְתִּ֑ית וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וִֽיבֻלָ֔הּ וַתְּלַהֵ֖ט מוֹסְדֵ֥י הָרִֽים׃", "text": "For *ʾēš* *qāḏəḥāh* in-*ʾappî*, *wattîqaḏ* unto-*šəʾôl* *taḥtît*; *wattōʾḵal* *ʾereṣ* and-*yəḇulāh*, *wattəlahēṭ* *môsəḏê* *hārîm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has kindled/ignited", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my nostril/anger", "*wattîqaḏ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it burns", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - unto/to", "*šəʾôl*": "noun, feminine, singular - Sheol/underworld", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine, singular - lowest/nethermost", "*wattōʾḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it consumes", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*yəḇulāh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/yield", "*wattəlahēṭ*": "verb, piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it sets aflame", "*môsəḏê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - foundations of", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "kindled/ignited/blazed", "*ʾappî*": "my nostril/my anger/my wrath", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave", "*taḥtît*": "lowest/deepest/nethermost", "*yəḇulāh*": "its produce/yield/increase", "*môsəḏê*": "foundations/bases" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.23", "source": "אַסְפֶּ֥ה עָלֵ֖ימוֹ רָע֑וֹת חִצַּ֖י אֲכַלֶּה־בָּֽם׃", "text": "*ʾaspeh* upon-them *rāʿôṯ*; *ḥiṣṣay* *ʾăḵalleh*-in-them.", "grammar": { "*ʾaspeh*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will heap up", "*ʿălêmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*rāʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - evils/disasters/calamities", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my arrows", "*ʾăḵalleh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will spend/exhaust/use up", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/against them" }, "variants": { "*ʾaspeh*": "I will heap up/gather/accumulate", "*rāʿôṯ*": "evils/disasters/calamities/misfortunes", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "my arrows/shafts", "*ʾăḵalleh*": "I will spend/exhaust/consume/use up" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.24", "source": "מְזֵ֥י רָעָ֛ב וּלְחֻ֥מֵי רֶ֖שֶׁף וְקֶ֣טֶב מְרִירִ֑י וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמוֹת֙ אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּ֔ם עִם־חֲמַ֖ת זֹחֲלֵ֥י עָפָֽר׃", "text": "*məzê* *rāʿāḇ* and-*ləḥumê* *rešep̄* and-*qeṭeḇ* *mərîrî*; and-*šen*-*bəhêmôṯ* *ʾăšallaḥ*-in-them, with-*ḥămaṯ* *zōḥălê* *ʿāp̄ār*.", "grammar": { "*məzê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - exhausted of/wasted by", "*rāʿāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - hunger/famine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ləḥumê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - consumed by", "*rešep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - flame/burning/pestilence", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qeṭeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/plague", "*mərîrî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - bitter/poisonous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šen*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - tooth of", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - beasts/animals", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will send", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom/poison of", "*zōḥălê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - crawlers of/those crawling in", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine, singular - dust/soil/earth" }, "variants": { "*məzê*": "exhausted/wasted/sucked dry", "*rāʿāḇ*": "hunger/famine/starvation", "*ləḥumê*": "consumed/devoured/eaten up", "*rešep̄*": "flame/burning/pestilence/plague/fever", "*qeṭeḇ*": "destruction/plague/pestilence", "*mərîrî*": "bitter/poisonous/deadly", "*šen*": "tooth/fangs", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "beasts/animals/large creatures", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/let loose", "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*zōḥălê*": "crawlers/creepers/those who crawl", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ground" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.25", "source": "מִחוּץ֙ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶ֔רֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִ֖ים אֵימָ֑ה גַּם־בָּחוּר֙ גַּם־בְּתוּלָ֔ה יוֹנֵ֖ק עִם־אִ֥ישׁ שֵׂיבָֽה׃", "text": "From-outside *təšakkel*-*ḥereḇ* and-from-chambers *ʾêmāh*; also-*bāḥûr* also-*bəṯûlāh*, *yônêq* with-*ʾîš* *śêḇāh*.", "grammar": { "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition with noun - from outside", "*təšakkel*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will bereave", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine, singular - sword", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mêḥăḏārîm*": "preposition with noun, masculine, plural - from chambers/rooms", "*ʾêmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - terror/horror/dread", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bāḥûr*": "noun, masculine, singular - young man/chosen one", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bəṯûlāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - virgin/maiden", "*yônêq*": "noun, masculine, singular - suckling/infant", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - man of", "*śêḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - gray hair/old age" }, "variants": { "*təšakkel*": "will bereave/rob/make childless", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/destruction", "*ʾêmāh*": "terror/horror/dread", "*bāḥûr*": "young man/chosen one/youth", "*bəṯûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/unmarried woman", "*yônêq*": "suckling/nursing infant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*śêḇāh*": "gray hair/old age/hoary head" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.26", "source": "אָמַ֖רְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶ֑ם אַשְׁבִּ֥יתָה מֵאֱנ֖וֹשׁ זִכְרָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmartî* *ʾap̄ʾêhem* *ʾašbîṯāh* from-*ʾĕnôš* *ziḵrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾap̄ʾêhem*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will scatter them", "*ʾašbîṯāh*": "verb, hifil imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - I will make cease", "*mê*": "preposition - from", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/humanity", "*ziḵrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their remembrance/memory" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/thought/declared", "*ʾap̄ʾêhem*": "I will scatter them/blow them away/make them cease to exist", "*ʾašbîṯāh*": "I will make cease/eliminate/cause to end", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/humanity/mortals", "*ziḵrām*": "their remembrance/memory/mention" } } 27 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.27", "source": "לוּלֵ֗י כַּ֤עַס אוֹיֵב֙ אָג֔וּר פֶּֽן־יְנַכְּר֖וּ צָרֵ֑ימוֹ פֶּן־יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ יָדֵ֣ינוּ רָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה פָּעַ֥ל כָּל־זֹֽאת׃", "text": "*lûlê* *kaʿas* *ʾôyêḇ* *ʾāgûr*, lest-*yənakkərû* *ṣārêmô*; lest-*yōʾmərû* *yāḏênû* *rāmāh*, and-not *YHWH* *pāʿal* all-this.", "grammar": { "*lûlê*": "conjunction - except for/were it not for", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - provocation of", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - enemy", "*ʾāgûr*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - I dreaded/feared", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yənakkərû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they might misunderstand", "*ṣārêmô*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their adversaries", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yōʾmərû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would say", "*yāḏênû*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our hand", "*rāmāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is exalted/high", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*pāʿal*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has done/worked", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all of", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this" }, "variants": { "*lûlê*": "except for/were it not for/had it not been", "*kaʿas*": "provocation/anger/vexation", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "enemy/foe", "*ʾāgûr*": "I dreaded/feared/was worried about", "*yənakkərû*": "they might misunderstand/misinterpret/not recognize", "*ṣārêmô*": "their adversaries/foes/opponents", "*yōʾmərû*": "they would say/declare/claim", "*yāḏênû*": "our hand/power/strength", "*rāmāh*": "is exalted/high/lifted up", "*pāʿal*": "has done/worked/accomplished" } } 28 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.28", "source": "כִּי־ג֛וֹי אֹבַ֥ד עֵצ֖וֹת הֵ֑מָּה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם תְּבוּנָֽה׃", "text": "For *gôy* *ʾōḇaḏ* *ʿêṣôṯ* *hēmmāh*, and-there-is-not in-them *təḇûnāh*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine, singular - nation", "*ʾōḇaḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - perishing/lacking/void of", "*ʿêṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - counsels/advice", "*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*təḇûnāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - understanding/insight/discernment" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*ʾōḇaḏ*": "perishing/lacking/void of/bereft of", "*ʿêṣôṯ*": "counsels/advice/wisdom/plans", "*təḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/discernment/intelligence" } } 29 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.29", "source": "ל֥וּ חָכְמ֖וּ יַשְׂכִּ֣ילוּ זֹ֑את יָבִ֖ינוּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽם׃", "text": "If *ḥāḵəmû* they-would-*yaśkîlû* this; they-would-*yāḇînû* to-*ʾaḥărîṯām*.", "grammar": { "*lû*": "conditional particle - if/if only/O that", "*ḥāḵəmû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person, plural - they were wise", "*yaśkîlû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person, plural - they would consider/understand", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this", "*yāḇînû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, plural - they would discern/understand", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their end/outcome/latter state" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵəmû*": "they were wise/had wisdom", "*yaśkîlû*": "they would consider/understand/comprehend/be prudent about", "*yāḇînû*": "they would discern/understand/perceive", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "their end/outcome/latter state/future" } } 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.30", "source": "אֵיכָ֞ה יִרְדֹּ֤ף אֶחָד֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יָנִ֣יסוּ רְבָבָ֑ה אִם־לֹא֙ כִּי־צוּרָ֣ם מְכָרָ֔ם וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִסְגִּירָֽם׃", "text": "How *yirdōp̄* *ʾeḥāḏ* *ʾelep̄*, and-*šənayim* *yānîsû* *rəḇāḇāh*? If-not that-*ṣûrām* *məḵārām*, and-*YHWH* *hisgîrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yirdōp̄*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would chase/pursue", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one", "*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - thousand", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine, dual - two", "*yānîsû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would put to flight", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative - if not/unless", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*məḵārām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sold them", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hisgîrām*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - delivered them up" }, "variants": { "*yirdōp̄*": "would chase/pursue/hunt", "*ʾelep̄*": "thousand/clan", "*yānîsû*": "would put to flight/chase away/cause to flee", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "ten thousand/myriad/multitude", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/stronghold/refuge", "*məḵārām*": "sold them/handed them over/delivered them", "*hisgîrām*": "delivered them up/surrendered them/handed them over" } } 31 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.31", "source": "כִּ֛י לֹ֥א כְצוּרֵ֖נוּ צוּרָ֑ם וְאֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ פְּלִילִֽים׃", "text": "For not like-*ṣûrênû* *ṣûrām*, and-*ʾōyəḇênû* *pəlîlîm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḵə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ṣûrênû*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our rock", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾōyəḇênû*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our enemies", "*pəlîlîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - judges/arbiters" }, "variants": { "*ṣûrênû*": "our rock/our stronghold/our refuge", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/their stronghold/their refuge", "*ʾōyəḇênû*": "our enemies/our foes", "*pəlîlîm*": "judges/arbiters/umpires/those who decide" } } 32 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.32", "source": "כִּֽי־מִגֶּ֤פֶן סְדֹם֙ גַּפְנָ֔ם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲנָבֵ֙מוֹ֙ עִנְּבֵי־ר֔וֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת מְרֹרֹ֖ת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "For from-*gep̄en* *Səḏōm* *gap̄nām*, and-from-*šaḏmōṯ* *ʿĂmōrāh*; *ʿănāḇêmô* *ʿinnəḇê*-*rôš*, *ʾaškəlōṯ* *mərōrōṯ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*gep̄en*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - vine of", "*Səḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*gap̄nām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - fields of", "*ʿĂmōrāh*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their grapes", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - grapes of", "*rôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - poison/venom/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - clusters of", "*mərōrōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - bitterness/bitter things", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them/for them" }, "variants": { "*gep̄en*": "vine/grapevine", "*gap̄nām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "fields/vineyards/terraces", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "their grapes/their fruit", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "grapes of/berries of", "*rôš*": "poison/venom/gall/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "clusters/bunches", "*mərōrōṯ*": "bitterness/bitter things/gall" } } 33 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.33", "source": "חֲמַ֥ת תַּנִּינִ֖ם יֵינָ֑ם וְרֹ֥אשׁ פְּתָנִ֖ים אַכְזָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥămaṯ* *tannînîm* *yênām*, and-*rōʾš* *pəṯānîm* *ʾaḵzār*.", "grammar": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom of", "*tannînîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - serpents/dragons/sea monsters", "*yênām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wine", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - venom of", "*pəṯānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "adjective, masculine, singular - cruel/deadly" }, "variants": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*tannînîm*": "serpents/dragons/sea monsters/jackals", "*yênām*": "their wine/their drink", "*rōʾš*": "venom/poison/gall/bitterness", "*pəṯānîm*": "cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "cruel/deadly/merciless" } } 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.34", "source": "הֲלֹא־ה֖וּא כָּמֻ֣ס עִמָּדִ֑י חָתֻ֖ם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃", "text": "Is-not-it *kāmus* with-me, *ḥāṯum* in-*ʾôṣərōṯāy*?", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it/he", "*kāmus*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - stored up/hidden", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ḥāṯum*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - sealed", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my treasuries/storehouses" }, "variants": { "*kāmus*": "stored up/hidden/kept secret", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "with me/by me/in my possession", "*ḥāṯum*": "sealed/secured/locked away", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "my treasuries/storehouses/treasures" } } 35 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.35", "source": "לִ֤י נָקָם֙ וְשִׁלֵּ֔ם לְעֵ֖ת תָּמ֣וּט רַגְלָ֑ם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם אֵידָ֔ם וְחָ֖שׁ עֲתִדֹ֥ת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "To-me *nāqām* and-*šillēm*, for-time *tāmûṭ* *raḡlām*; for *qārôḇ* *yôm* *ʾêḏām*, and-*ḥāš* *ʿăṯiḏōṯ* for-them.", "grammar": { "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me/for me", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šillēm*": "noun, masculine, singular - recompense/retribution", "*lə*": "preposition - for/at", "*ʿêṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - time of", "*tāmûṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - slips/wavers", "*raḡlām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their foot", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - near/imminent", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - day of", "*ʾêḏām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāš*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastens/hurries", "*ʿăṯiḏōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - things prepared/destined events", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them/to them" }, "variants": { "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge", "*šillēm*": "recompense/retribution/repayment", "*tāmûṭ*": "slips/wavers/totters", "*raḡlām*": "their foot/their step", "*qārôḇ*": "near/imminent/at hand", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*ʾêḏām*": "their calamity/disaster/doom", "*ḥāš*": "hastens/hurries/rushes", "*ʿăṯiḏōṯ*": "things prepared/destined events/what is ready" } } 36 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.36", "source": "כִּֽי־יָדִ֤ין יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִתְנֶחָ֑ם כִּ֤י יִרְאֶה֙ כִּי־אָ֣זְלַת יָ֔ד וְאֶ֖פֶס עָצ֥וּר וְעָזֽוּב׃", "text": "For *yāḏîn* *YHWH* *ʿammô*, and-concerning-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *yiṯneḥām*; for *yirʾeh* that-*ʾāzəlaṯ* *yāḏ*, and-nothing *ʿāṣûr* and-*ʿāzûḇ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yāḏîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will judge/vindicate", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/on behalf of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*yiṯneḥām*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will relent/have compassion", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/when", "*yirʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will see", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾāzəlaṯ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is gone/exhausted", "*yāḏ*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand/strength", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾep̄es*": "noun, masculine, singular - ceasing/end of", "*ʿāṣûr*": "adjective, masculine, singular passive - confined/restrained", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāzûḇ*": "adjective, masculine, singular passive - abandoned/forsaken" }, "variants": { "*yāḏîn*": "will judge/vindicate/defend", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/his slaves", "*yiṯneḥām*": "will relent/have compassion/comfort himself", "*yirʾeh*": "he will see/observe/perceive", "*ʾāzəlaṯ*": "is gone/exhausted/depleted", "*yāḏ*": "hand/strength/power", "*ʾep̄es*": "ceasing/end of/nothing", "*ʿāṣûr*": "confined/restrained/imprisoned", "*ʿāzûḇ*": "abandoned/forsaken/left behind" } } 37 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.37", "source": "וְאָמַ֖ר אֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ימוֹ צ֖וּר חָסָ֥יוּ בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmar* where *ʾĕlōhêmô*, *ṣûr* *ḥāsāyû* in-him?", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will say", "*ʾê*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ʾĕlōhêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*ṣûr*": "noun, masculine, singular - rock", "*ḥāsāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they sought refuge", "*ḇô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "he will say/ask/declare", "*ʾê*": "where/how", "*ʾĕlōhêmô*": "their gods/their deities", "*ṣûr*": "rock/stronghold/refuge", "*ḥāsāyû*": "they sought refuge/they trusted/they took shelter" } } 38 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.38", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר חֵ֤לֶב זְבָחֵ֙ימוֹ֙ יֹאכֵ֔לוּ יִשְׁתּ֖וּ יֵ֣ין נְסִיכָ֑ם יָק֙וּמוּ֙ וְיַעְזְרֻכֶ֔ם יְהִ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם סִתְרָֽה׃", "text": "Which *ḥēleḇ* *zəḇāḥêmô* *yōʾḵēlû*, *yištû* *yên* *nəsîḵām*; *yāqûmû* and-*yaʿzəruḵem*, *yəhî* over-you *siṯrāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who", "*ḥēleḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - fat of", "*zəḇāḥêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*yōʾḵēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would eat", "*yištû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would drink", "*yên*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - wine of", "*nəsîḵām*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings", "*yāqûmû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them rise", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿzəruḵem*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - help you", "*yəhî*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be", "*ʿălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - over you", "*siṯrāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - protection/hiding place" }, "variants": { "*ḥēleḇ*": "fat/best part/choicest part", "*zəḇāḥêmô*": "their sacrifices/their offerings", "*yōʾḵēlû*": "they would eat/consume", "*yištû*": "they would drink/consume", "*yên*": "wine/fermented drink", "*nəsîḵām*": "their drink offerings/their libations", "*yāqûmû*": "let them rise/stand up/arise", "*yaʿzəruḵem*": "help you/assist you/come to your aid", "*yəhî*": "let it be/may it be", "*siṯrāh*": "protection/hiding place/shelter" } } 39 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.39", "source": "רְא֣וּ ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּדִ֑י אֲנִ֧י אָמִ֣ית וַאֲחַיֶּ֗ה מָחַ֙צְתִּי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶרְפָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Rəʾû* now that *ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*, and-there-is-no *ʾĕlōhîm* with-me; *ʾănî* *ʾāmîṯ* and-*ʾăḥayyeh*, *māḥaṣtî* and-*ʾănî* *ʾerpāʾ*, and-there-is-none from-my-hand *maṣṣîl*.", "grammar": { "*rəʾû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine, plural - see/behold", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - gods/God", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I kill", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I make alive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have wounded", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I heal", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is none", "*miyyāḏî*": "preposition with noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - from my hand", "*maṣṣîl*": "participle, hifil, masculine, singular - one who delivers/rescues" }, "variants": { "*rəʾû*": "see/behold/observe", "*ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*": "I, even I, am he/I am the one", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/deity", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "I kill/put to death", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "I make alive/bring to life/revive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "I have wounded/struck/pierced", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "I heal/restore/make whole", "*maṣṣîl*": "one who delivers/rescues/saves" } } 40 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.40", "source": "כִּֽי־אֶשָּׂ֥א אֶל־שָׁמַ֖יִם יָדִ֑י וְאָמַ֕רְתִּי חַ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י לְעֹלָֽם׃", "text": "For *ʾeśśāʾ* to-*šāmayim* *yāḏî*, and-*ʾāmartî* *ḥay* *ʾānōḵî* to-*ʿōlām*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I lift up", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I say", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine, singular - living", "*ʾānōḵî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿōlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lift up/raise", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yāḏî*": "my hand/my arm", "*ʾāmartî*": "I say/declare/swear", "*ḥay*": "living/alive", "*ʿōlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } } 41 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.41", "source": "אִם־שַׁנּוֹתִי֙ בְּרַ֣ק חַרְבִּ֔י וְתֹאחֵ֥ז בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט יָדִ֑י אָשִׁ֤יב נָקָם֙ לְצָרָ֔י וְלִמְשַׂנְאַ֖י אֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "If *šannôṯî* *bəraq* *ḥarbî*, and-*tōʾḥēz* in-*mišpāṭ* *yāḏî*; *ʾāšîḇ* *nāqām* to-*ṣārāy*, and-to-*məśanʾay* *ʾăšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*šannôṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I sharpen/whet", "*bəraq*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - lightning/glittering of", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*tōʾḥēz*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - takes hold", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular - judgment", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will return/render", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ṣārāy*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*li*": "preposition - to", "*məśanʾay*": "participle, piel, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - those who hate me", "*ʾăšallēm*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will repay" }, "variants": { "*šannôṯî*": "I sharpen/whet/polish", "*bəraq*": "lightning/glittering/flash", "*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon", "*tōʾḥēz*": "takes hold/grasps/seizes", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/righteousness", "*yāḏî*": "my hand/my power", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "I will return/render/pay back", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/retribution", "*ṣārāy*": "my adversaries/enemies/foes", "*məśanʾay*": "those who hate me/my haters", "*ʾăšallēm*": "I will repay/requite/recompense" } } 42 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.42", "source": "אַשְׁכִּ֤יר חִצַּי֙ מִדָּ֔ם וְחַרְבִּ֖י תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֑ר מִדַּ֤ם חָלָל֙ וְשִׁבְיָ֔ה מֵרֹ֖אשׁ פַּרְע֥וֹת אוֹיֵֽב׃", "text": "*ʾaškîr* *ḥiṣṣay* from-*dām*, and-*ḥarbî* *tōʾḵal* *bāśār*; from-*dam* *ḥālāl* and-*šiḇyāh*, from-*rōʾš* *parʿôṯ* *ʾôyêḇ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaškîr*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will make drunk", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my arrows", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*dām*": "noun, masculine, singular - blood", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*tōʾḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will devour", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine, singular - flesh", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*ḥālāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - slain/pierced", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šiḇyāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - captivity/captives", "*mê*": "preposition - from", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - head of", "*parʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - leaders of", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*ʾaškîr*": "I will make drunk/saturate/drench", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "my arrows/my shafts", "*dām*": "blood/lifeblood", "*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon", "*tōʾḵal*": "will devour/consume/eat", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/pierced/wounded", "*šiḇyāh*": "captivity/captives/prisoners", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief", "*parʿôṯ*": "leaders/long-haired ones/princes", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "enemy/foe" } } 43 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.43", "source": "הַרְנִ֤ינוּ גוֹיִם֙ עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י דַם־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִקּ֑וֹם וְנָקָם֙ יָשִׁ֣יב לְצָרָ֔יו וְכִפֶּ֥ר אַדְמָת֖וֹ עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*Harnînû* *gôyim* *ʿammô*, for *dam*-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *yiqqôm*; and-*nāqām* *yāšîḇ* to-*ṣārāyw*, and-*ḵipper* *ʾaḏmāṯô* *ʿammô*.", "grammar": { "*harnînû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine, plural - rejoice/sing joyfully", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*yiqqôm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will avenge", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*yāšîḇ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will return/render", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ṣārāyw*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵipper*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will atone for/cleanse", "*ʾaḏmāṯô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*harnînû*": "rejoice/sing joyfully/shout with joy", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/his slaves", "*yiqqôm*": "he will avenge/take vengeance", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/retribution", "*yāšîḇ*": "he will return/render/repay", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes", "*ḵipper*": "he will atone for/cleanse/purge", "*ʾaḏmāṯô*": "his land/his soil/his territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.44", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשִּׁירָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם ה֖וּא וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "And *wayābōʾ* *Mōšeh* and *wayĕdabbēr* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* *haššîrâh*-*hazzōʾt* in *ʾoznê* *hāʿām*; he and *Hôšēaʿ* son-of-*Nûn*.", "grammar": { "*wayābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and came", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "construct state of *dābār*, masculine plural - words of", "*haššîrâh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the song", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative - this", "*ʾoznê*": "construct state of *ʾōzen*, feminine plural - ears of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people", "*Hôšēaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*Nûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nun" }, "variants": { "*wayābōʾ*": "came/approached/entered", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "spoke/declared/recited", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/matters", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation" } }
• 1 Sam 2:27-32 : 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.30", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן נְאֻם־יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אָמ֣וֹר אָמַ֔רְתִּי בֵּֽיתְךָ֙ וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ יִתְהַלְּכ֥וּ לְפָנַ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְעַתָּ֤ה נְאֻם־יְהוָה֙ חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֔י כִּֽי־מְכַבְּדַ֥י אֲכַבֵּ֖ד וּבֹזַ֥י יֵקָֽלּוּ׃", "text": "Therefore *neum*-*YHWH* *Elohei* *Yisrael* *amor* *amarti* *betekha* and-*bet* *avikha* *yithalekhu* before-me until-*olam* and-now *neum*-*YHWH* *halila* to-me for-*mekhabday* *akhabed* and-*bozay* *yeqalu*.", "grammar": { "*neum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*Elohei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*amor*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*amarti*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I said", "*betekha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*bet*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*avikha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*yithalekhu*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they would walk", "*olam*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*halila*": "interjection - far be it", "*mekhabday*": "Piel participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - those who honor me", "*akhabed*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will honor", "*bozay*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - those who despise me", "*yeqalu*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be lightly esteemed" }, "variants": { "*neum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*amor* *amarti*": "I surely said/I indeed said", "*yithalekhu*": "would walk/would continue/would serve", "*olam*": "forever/perpetually/indefinitely", "*halila*": "far be it/by no means/God forbid", "*yeqalu*": "will be lightly esteemed/will be despised/will be dishonored" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.31", "source": "הִנֵּה֙ יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֔ים וְגָֽדַעְתִּי֙ אֶת־זְרֹ֣עֲךָ֔ וְאֶת־זְרֹ֖עַ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ מִֽהְי֥וֹת זָקֵ֖ן בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Behold *yamim* *baim* and-*gadati* ʾet-*zroakha* and-ʾet-*zroa* *bet* *avikha* from-*heyot* *zaqen* in-*betekha*.", "grammar": { "*yamim*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*baim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - coming", "*gadati*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I will cut off", "*zroakha*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your arm", "*zroa*": "noun, feminine singular construct - arm of", "*bet*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*avikha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*heyot*": "Qal infinitive construct - being/having", "*zaqen*": "adjective, masculine singular - old man/elder", "*betekha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house" }, "variants": { "*yamim* *baim*": "days are coming/time is coming", "*gadati*": "I will cut off/I will cut down", "*zroa*": "arm/strength/power", "*heyot*": "being/becoming/having" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.32", "source": "וְהִבַּטְתָּ֙ צַ֣ר מָע֔וֹן בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵיטִ֖יב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה זָקֵ֛ן בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃", "text": "And-*hibatta* *tzar* *maon* in-all which-*yeitiv* ʾet-*Yisrael* and-not-*yihye* *zaqen* in-*betekha* all-*hayamim*.", "grammar": { "*hibatta*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will look at/observe", "*tzar*": "noun, masculine singular - distress/enemy", "*maon*": "noun, masculine singular - dwelling/habitation", "*yeitiv*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will do good", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yihye*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - there will be", "*zaqen*": "adjective, masculine singular - old man/elder", "*betekha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*hayamim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the days" }, "variants": { "*hibatta* *tzar* *maon*": "you will look upon adversity of dwelling/you will see distress in my habitation [difficult phrase with uncertain meaning]", "*yeitiv*": "will do good/will prosper/will benefit", "*hayamim*": "forever/all the days/always" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.27", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א אִישׁ־אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־עֵלִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְבֵ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה׃", "text": "And-*yavo* *ish*-*Elohim* to-*Eli* and-*yomer* to-him thus *amar* *YHWH* *haniglo* *nigleti* to-*bet* *avikha* in-*heyotam* in-*Mitzrayim* to-*bet* *Paro*.", "grammar": { "*yavo*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - came", "*ish*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Eli*": "proper noun, masculine - Eli", "*yomer*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*amar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*haniglo*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - surely revealed", "*nigleti*": "Niphal perfect 1st person singular - I revealed myself", "*bet*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*avikha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*heyotam*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their being", "*Mitzrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*Paro*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*ish*-*Elohim*": "man of God/prophet", "*haniglo* *nigleti*": "did I not surely reveal/did I not plainly reveal myself", "*bet*": "house/family/dynasty" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.28", "source": "וּבָחֹ֣ר אֹ֠תוֹ מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לִי֙ לְכֹהֵ֔ן לַעֲל֣וֹת עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֗י לְהַקְטִ֥יר קְטֹ֛רֶת לָשֵׂ֥את אֵפ֖וֹד לְפָנָ֑י וָֽאֶתְּנָה֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ אֶת־כָּל־אִשֵּׁ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*bahor* him from-all-*shivtei* *Yisrael* to-me to-*kohen* to-*aalot* on-*mizbehi* to-*haqtir* *qetoret* to-*laset* *ephod* to-*panay* and-*etna* to-*bet* *avikha* ʾet-all-*ishei* *benei* *Yisrael*.", "grammar": { "*bahor*": "Qal infinitive absolute - choosing", "*shivtei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kohen*": "noun, masculine singular - priest", "*aalot*": "Qal infinitive construct - to go up/offer", "*mizbehi*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my altar", "*haqtir*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to burn/offer", "*qetoret*": "noun, feminine singular - incense", "*laset*": "Qal infinitive construct - to wear/carry", "*ephod*": "noun, masculine singular - ephod (priestly garment)", "*panay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my presence", "*etna*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 1st person singular - I gave", "*bet*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*avikha*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ishei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fire offerings of", "*benei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of" }, "variants": { "*bahor*": "choosing/did choose/selected", "*kohen*": "priest/to be priest", "*aalot*": "to go up/to offer/to ascend", "*haqtir*": "to burn/to offer/to turn into smoke", "*laset*": "to wear/to carry/to bear", "*panay*": "my presence/before me", "*ishei*": "fire offerings/offerings made by fire" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.29", "source": "לָ֣מָּה תִבְעֲט֗וּ בְּזִבְחִי֙ וּבְמִנְחָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי מָע֑וֹן וַתְּכַבֵּ֤ד אֶת־בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי לְהַבְרִֽיאֲכֶ֗ם מֵרֵאשִׁ֛ית כָּל־מִנְחַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעַמִּֽי׃", "text": "Why *tivaatu* in-*zivhi* and-in-*minhati* which *tziviti* *maon* and-*tekhabed* ʾet-*banekha* from-me to-*havriakhem* from-*reshit* all-*minhat* *Yisrael* to-*ami*.", "grammar": { "*tivaatu*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you kick at", "*zivhi*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my sacrifice", "*minhati*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my offering", "*tziviti*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*maon*": "noun, masculine singular - dwelling/habitation", "*tekhabed*": "Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you honor", "*banekha*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*havriakhem*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to make yourselves fat", "*reshit*": "noun, feminine singular construct - best/first of", "*minhat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - offering of", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ami*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people" }, "variants": { "*tivaatu*": "kick at/scorn/treat with contempt", "*maon*": "dwelling/habitation/dwelling place [meaning uncertain in this context]", "*tekhabed*": "honor/glorify/give weight to", "*havriakhem*": "to make yourselves fat/to enrich yourselves/to gorge yourselves", "*reshit*": "best part/choicest part/first fruits" } }
• 1 Sam 3:11-14 : 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.3.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל הִנֵּ֧ה אָנֹכִ֛י עֹשֶׂ֥ה דָבָ֖ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּל־שֹׁ֣מְע֔וֹ תְּצִלֶּ֖ינָה שְׁתֵּ֥י אָזְנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Šĕmûʾēl*, *hinnēh* *ʾānōkî* *ʿōśeh* *dābār* in *Yiśrāʾēl* which all-*šōmĕʿô* *tĕṣilleynâ* two *ʾoznāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*Šĕmûʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samuel", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - doing/making", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/word/matter", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šōmĕʿô*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - hearing it", "*tĕṣilleynâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will tingle", "*ʾoznāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ears" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/declared", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself", "*ʿōśeh*": "doing/making/performing/bringing about", "*dābār*": "thing/word/matter/deed", "*šōmĕʿô*": "hearing it/listening to it", "*tĕṣilleynâ*": "will tingle/vibrate/quiver/resound" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.3.12", "source": "בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה׃", "text": "In the *yôm* that *ʾāqîm* to-*ʿĒlî* *ʾēt* all-which *dibbartî* to-*bêtô* *hāḥēl* and *kallēh*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*ʾāqîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will establish/fulfill", "*ʿĒlî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eli", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dibbartî*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have spoken", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*hāḥēl*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - beginning", "*kallēh*": "Piel infinitive absolute - completing/ending" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*ʾāqîm*": "will establish/fulfill/perform/accomplish", "*dibbartî*": "have spoken/declared/said", "*bêtô*": "his house/household/family", "*hāḥēl*": "beginning/starting", "*kallēh*": "completing/ending/finishing" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.3.13", "source": "וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־שֹׁפֵ֥ט אֲנִ֛י אֶת־בֵּית֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם בַּעֲוֺ֣ן אֲשֶׁר־יָדַ֗ע כִּֽי־מְקַֽלְלִ֤ים לָהֶם֙ בָּנָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א כִהָ֖ה בָּֽם׃", "text": "And *wĕhiggadtî* to him that-*šōpēṭ* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-*bêtô* until-*ʿôlām* in the *ʿăwōn* which-*yādaʿ* that-*mĕqallĕlîm* to them *bānāyw* and not *kihâ* in them.", "grammar": { "*wĕhiggadtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will tell", "*šōpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judging", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/guilt", "*yādaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew", "*mĕqallĕlîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - cursing/despising", "*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*kihâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he restrained" }, "variants": { "*wĕhiggadtî*": "will tell/declare/inform", "*šōpēṭ*": "judging/punishing/ruling", "*bêtô*": "his house/household/family", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment/sin", "*yādaʿ*": "knew/was aware of/perceived", "*mĕqallĕlîm*": "cursing/despising/treating with contempt/blaspheming", "*kihâ*": "restrained/rebuked/stopped/prevented" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.3.14", "source": "וְלָכֵ֥ן נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי לְבֵ֣ית עֵלִ֑י אִֽם־יִתְכַּפֵּ֞ר עֲוֺ֧ן בֵּית־עֵלִ֛י בְּזֶ֥בַח וּבְמִנְחָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And *wĕlākēn* *nišbaʿtî* to *bêt* *ʿĒlî* if-*yitkappēr* *ʿăwōn* *bêt*-*ʿĒlî* with *zebaḥ* and with *minḥâ* until-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*wĕlākēn*": "conjunction + adverb - and therefore", "*nišbaʿtî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sworn", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿĒlî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eli", "*yitkappēr*": "Hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be atoned", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*zebaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - sacrifice", "*minḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - offering/gift", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*wĕlākēn*": "and therefore/consequently/for this reason", "*nišbaʿtî*": "I have sworn/vowed/taken an oath", "*bêt*": "house/household/family of", "*yitkappēr*": "will be atoned/expiated/forgiven", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/sin of", "*zebaḥ*": "sacrifice/offering", "*minḥâ*": "offering/gift/tribute", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } }
• 1 Kgs 14:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.7", "source": "לְכִ֞י אִמְרִ֣י לְיָרָבְעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֛עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲרִימֹתִ֖יךָ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָעָ֑ם וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֣ נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ləkî* *ʾimrî* to-*Yārobʿām* thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *yaʿan* which *hărîmōtîkā* from-*tôk* the-*ʿām* *wā*-*ʾettenkā* *nāgîd* over *ʿammî* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ləkî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - go", "*ʾimrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - say", "*Yārobʿām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*hărîmōtîkā*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I raised you", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wā*": "conjunction with waw consecutive - and", "*ʾettenkā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I made you", "*nāgîd*": "noun, masculine singular - leader/ruler/prince", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hărîmōtîkā*": "raised you up/exalted you/lifted you", "*nāgîd*": "leader/ruler/prince/commander" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.8", "source": "וָאֶקְרַ֤ע אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֔ד וָאֶתְּנֶ֖הָ לָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־הָיִ֜יתָ כְּעַבְדִּ֣י דָוִ֗ד אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁמַ֨ר מִצְוֺתַ֜י וַאֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֤ךְ אַחֲרַי֙ בְּכָל־לְבָב֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת רַ֖ק הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָֽי׃", "text": "*wā*-*ʾeqraʿ* [direct object marker]-the-*mamlākâ* from-*bêt* *Dāwid* *wā*-*ʾettnehā* to-you *wə*-not-*hāyîtā* like-*ʿabdî* *Dāwid* who *šāmar* *miṣwōtay* *wə*-who-*hālak* after-me in-all-*lēbāb*-his to-*ʿăśôt* only the-*yāšār* in-*ʿênāy*", "grammar": { "*wā*": "conjunction with waw consecutive - and", "*ʾeqraʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular - I tore", "*mamlākâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾettnehā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - I gave it", "*hāyîtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you were", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*šāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - kept", "*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st singular suffix - my commandments", "*hālak*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - walked", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*ʿăśôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to do", "*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - right/straight/upright", "*ʿênāy*": "noun, feminine dual with 1st singular suffix - my eyes" }, "variants": { "*ʾeqraʿ*": "tore/rent/divided", "*mamlākâ*": "kingdom/kingship/reign", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*yāšār*": "right/upright/straight/proper" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.9", "source": "וַתָּ֣רַע לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֡לֶךְ וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים אֲחֵרִ֤ים וּמַסֵּכוֹת֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְאֹתִ֥י הִשְׁלַ֖כְתָּ אַחֲרֵ֥י גַוֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə*-*tāraʿ* to-*ʿăśôt* from-all who-*hāyû* to-*pānêkā* *wə*-*tēlek* *wə*-*taʿăśeh*-for-you *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *û*-*massēkôt* to-*hakʿîsēnî* *wə*-[direct object marker]-me *hišlaktā* *ʾaḥărê* *gawwekā*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*tāraʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd masculine singular - you did evil", "*ʿăśôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were", "*pānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face/before you", "*tēlek*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd masculine singular - you went", "*taʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd masculine singular - you made", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*massēkôt*": "noun, feminine plural - molten images/idols", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - to provoke me", "*hišlaktā*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you cast", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - behind", "*gawwekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your back" }, "variants": { "*tāraʿ*": "did evil/did worse/acted wickedly", "*massēkôt*": "molten images/cast idols/metal statues", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me", "*hišlaktā*": "cast/threw/tossed" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.10", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא רָעָה֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְיָֽרָבְעָם֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר עָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבִֽעַרְתִּי֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־יָרָבְעָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְבַעֵ֥ר הַגָּלָ֖ל עַד־תֻּמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Therefore *hinənî* *mēbîʾ* *rāʿâ* to-*bêt* *Yārobʿām* *wə*-*hikrattî* to-*Yārobʿām* *maštîn* in-*qîr* *ʿāṣûr* *wə*-*ʿāzûb* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* *û*-*biʿartî* after *bêt*-*Yārobʿām* as *yəbaʿēr* the-*gālāl* until-*tummô*", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "demonstrative particle with 1st singular suffix - behold me", "*mēbîʾ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yārobʿām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hikrattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cut off", "*maštîn*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who urinates", "*qîr*": "noun, masculine singular - wall", "*ʿāṣûr*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - restrained/kept in", "*ʿāzûb*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - left/abandoned", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*biʿartî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st singular - I will sweep away", "*yəbaʿēr*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sweeps away", "*gālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - dung", "*tummô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its completion" }, "variants": { "*rāʿâ*": "evil/calamity/disaster/misfortune", "*maštîn* in-*qîr*": "one who urinates against a wall (idiom for males)", "*ʿāṣûr* *wə*-*ʿāzûb*": "bond and free/restrained and abandoned (idiom for everyone)", "*biʿartî*": "sweep away/burn/consume/destroy completely", "*gālāl*": "dung/excrement/filth" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.11", "source": "הַמֵּ֨ת לְיָֽרָבְעָ֤ם בָּעִיר֙ יֹאכְל֣וּ הַכְּלָבִ֔ים וְהַמֵּת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃", "text": "The-*mēt* to-*Yārobʿām* in-the-*ʿîr* *yōʾkəlû* the-*kəlābîm* *wə*-the-*mēt* in-the-*śādeh* *yōʾkəlû* *ʿôp* the-*šāmāyim* because *YHWH* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*mēt*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - one who dies", "*Yārobʿām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*yōʾkəlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will eat", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*mēt*": "one who dies/dead one/corpse", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/countryside", "*ʿôp*": "birds/flying creatures", "*dibbēr*": "spoken/declared/commanded" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.12", "source": "וְאַ֥תְּ ק֖וּמִי לְכִ֣י לְבֵיתֵ֑ךְ בְּבֹאָ֥ה רַגְלַ֛יִךְ הָעִ֖ירָה וּמֵ֥ת הַיָּֽלֶד׃", "text": "*wə*-*ʾatt* *qûmî* *ləkî* to-*bêt*-your in-*bōʾâ* *raglayik* the-*ʿîrâ* *û*-*mēt* the-*yāled*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾatt*": "personal pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - you", "*qûmî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*ləkî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - go", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your house", "*bōʾâ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - entering", "*raglayik*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your feet", "*ʿîrâ*": "noun, feminine singular with directional heh - to the city", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mēt*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - will die", "*yāled*": "noun, masculine singular - child/boy" }, "variants": { "*bōʾâ*": "entering/coming/arriving", "*yāled*": "child/boy/son/youth" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.13", "source": "וְסָֽפְדוּ־ל֤וֹ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְקָבְר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כִּֽי־זֶ֣ה לְבַדּ֔וֹ יָבֹ֥א לְיָרָבְעָ֖ם אֶל־קָ֑בֶר יַ֣עַן נִמְצָא־ב֞וֹ דָּבָ֣ר ט֗וֹב אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּבֵ֥ית יָרָבְעָֽם׃", "text": "*wə*-*sāpədû*-for-him all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *wə*-*qābərû* [direct object marker]-him because-this to-*baddô* *yābōʾ* to-*Yārobʿām* to-*qāber* *yaʿan* *nimṣāʾ*-in-him *dābār* *ṭôb* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in-*bêt* *Yārobʿām*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*sāpədû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will mourn", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qābərû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will bury", "*baddô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he alone", "*yābōʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come", "*Yārobʿām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jeroboam", "*qāber*": "noun, masculine singular - grave/tomb", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*nimṣāʾ*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was found", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/matter/word", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of" }, "variants": { "*sāpədû*": "mourn/lament/wail for", "*baddô*": "alone/only/by himself", "*qāber*": "grave/tomb/burial place", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/word/deed", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasing/favorable" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.14", "source": "וְהֵקִים֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֥וֹ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכְרִ֛ית אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם זֶ֣ה הַיּ֑וֹם וּמֶ֖ה גַּם־עָֽתָּֽה׃", "text": "And *hēqîm* *YHWH* for-him *melek* over-*Yiśrāʾēl* who *yakrît* *ʾet*-house of-*Yārāb'ām* this the-*yôm*; and-what also-*ʿāttâ*.", "grammar": { "*hēqîm*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - raise up/establish", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun", "*yakrît*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will cut off/destroy", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yārāb'ām*": "proper noun", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*ʿāttâ*": "adverb - now" }, "variants": { "*hēqîm*": "raise up/establish/appoint", "*yakrît*": "cut off/destroy/exterminate", "*ʿāttâ*": "now/at this time", "וּמֶ֖ה גַּם־עָֽתָּֽה": "and what even now/what then of now/what is happening even now" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.15", "source": "וְהִכָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנ֣וּד הַקָּנֶה֮ בַּמַּיִם֒ וְנָתַ֣שׁ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֨ה הַטּוֹבָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַן֙ לַאֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וְזֵרָ֖ם מֵעֵ֣בֶר לַנָּהָ֑ר יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אֲשֵׁ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מַכְעִיסִ֖ים אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *hikkâ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* as *yānûd* the-*qāneh* in-the-*mayim*, and *nātaš* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-upon the-*ʾădāmâ* the-*ṭôbâ* the-this which *nātan* to-*ʾăbôtêhem*, and *zērām* from-across to-the-*nāhār*; *yaʿan* which *ʿāśû* *ʾet*-*ʾăšērêhem*, *makʿîsîm* *ʾet*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hikkâ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - smite/strike", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun", "*yānûd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sways/shakes", "*qāneh*": "masculine singular - reed", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - waters", "*nātaš*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - root out/pluck up", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular - ground/land", "*ṭôbâ*": "feminine singular adjective - good", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - gave", "*ʾăbôtêhem*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*zērām*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - scatter them", "*nāhār*": "masculine singular - river", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*ʾăšērêhem*": "feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their Asherim", "*makʿîsîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural - provoking to anger" }, "variants": { "*hikkâ*": "strike/smite/hit", "*yānûd*": "sways/shakes/waves", "*qāneh*": "reed/cane/stalk", "*nātaš*": "root out/pluck up/uproot", "*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/soil", "*zērām*": "scatter them/disperse them", "*nāhār*": "river (likely referring to Euphrates)", "*ʾăšērêhem*": "their Asherim/sacred poles/idols" } }