Verse 16

{ "verseID": "Job.15.16", "source": "אַף כִּי־נִתְעָב וְנֶאֱלָח אִישׁ־שֹׁתֶה כַמַּיִם עַוְלָה", "text": "*ʾap̄* *kî-nitʿāḇ* *wə-neʾĕlāḥ* *ʾîš-šōteh* *ḵammayim* *ʿawlāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾap̄*": "conjunction - how much more/less", "*kî-nitʿāḇ*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - that is abominable", "*wə-neʾĕlāḥ*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - and filthy", "*ʾîš-šōteh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + qal participle, masculine singular - man drinking", "*ḵammayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - like the waters", "*ʿawlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - iniquity" }, "variants": { "*tāʿaḇ*": "to abhor, detest, be abominable", "*ʾālaḥ*": "to be corrupt, tainted, filthy", "*ʾîš*": "man, husband, person", "*šātāh*": "to drink, consume", "*mayim*": "water, waters, fluid", "*ʿawlāh*": "injustice, unrighteousness, wickedness" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Job 34:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.34.7", "source": "מִי־גֶ֥בֶר כְּאִיּ֑וֹב יִֽשְׁתֶּה־לַּ֥עַג כַּמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*mî-geber* *kəʾiyyôb* *yišteh-laʿag* *kammāyim*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*geber*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*kəʾiyyôb*": "preposition + proper noun - like Job", "*yišteh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - drinks", "*laʿag*": "masculine singular noun - scorning/mockery", "*kammāyim*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - like water" }, "variants": { "*geber*": "man/mighty man/strong man", "*yišteh*": "drinks/swallows/imbibes", "*laʿag*": "scorning/mockery/derision", "*kammāyim*": "like water/as easily as water/abundantly as water" } }
  • Prov 19:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.28", "source": "עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל יָלִ֣יץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע־אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *bəliyyaʿal* *yālîṣ* *mišpāṭ* and *pî* *rəšāʿîm* *yəballaʿ*-*ʾāwen*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*yālîṣ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - mocks/scorns", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked", "*yəballaʿ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - swallows/devours", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/destruction", "*yālîṣ*": "mocks/scorns/derides", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/ordinance", "*pî*": "mouth of/opening of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evildoers", "*yəballaʿ*": "swallows/devours/engulfs", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble" } }
  • Titus 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Titus.3.3", "source": "Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.", "text": "*Ēmen gar pote* and *hēmeis anoētoi*, *apeitheis*, *planōmenoi*, *douleuontes epithymiais* and *hēdonais poikilais*, in *kakia* and *phthonō diagōntes*, *stygētoi*, *misountes allēlous*.", "grammar": { "*Ēmen*": "imperfect, 1st plural - we were", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly/at one time", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, 1st plural - we", "*anoētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - foolish/senseless", "*apeitheis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disobedient/unbelieving", "*planōmenoi*": "present passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being deceived/going astray", "*douleuontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - serving/being slaves to", "*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires/passions", "*hēdonais*": "dative, feminine, plural - pleasures/enjoyments", "*poikilais*": "dative, feminine, plural - various/diverse", "*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice/evil/wickedness", "*phthonō*": "dative, masculine, singular - envy/jealousy", "*diagōntes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - living/spending [time]", "*stygētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - hateful/detestable", "*misountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - hating", "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - one another/each other" }, "variants": { "*anoētoi*": "foolish/senseless/unintelligent/uncomprehending", "*apeitheis*": "disobedient/unbelieving/refusing to be persuaded", "*planōmenoi*": "being deceived/going astray/wandering/being led astray", "*douleuontes*": "serving/being slaves to/being in bondage to", "*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/passions/cravings", "*hēdonais*": "pleasures/enjoyments/gratifications", "*poikilais*": "various/diverse/manifold/of various kinds", "*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness/badness", "*phthonō*": "envy/jealousy/ill-will", "*diagōntes*": "living/spending [time]/passing through life", "*stygētoi*": "hateful/detestable/abhorrent/loathsome", "*misountes*": "hating/detesting" } }
  • Rom 1:28-30 : 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } } 29 { "verseID": "Romans.1.29", "source": "Πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πορνείᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ· μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας· ψιθυριστάς,", "text": "*Peplērōmenous* *pasē* *adikia*, *porneia*, *ponēria*, *pleonexia*, *kakia*· *mestous* *phthonou*, *phonou*, *eridos*, *dolou*, *kakoētheias*· *psithyristas*,", "grammar": { "*Peplērōmenous*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been filled", "*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular, adjective - all/every kind of", "*adikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness", "*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality", "*ponēria*": "dative, feminine, singular - wickedness", "*pleonexia*": "dative, feminine, singular - greed", "*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice", "*mestous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - full of", "*phthonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - envy", "*phonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - murder", "*eridos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - strife", "*dolou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - deceit", "*kakoētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - maliciousness", "*psithyristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - whisperers/gossips" }, "variants": { "*Peplērōmenous*": "having been filled/completed/fulfilled", "*adikia*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication", "*ponēria*": "wickedness/evil/malice", "*pleonexia*": "greed/covetousness", "*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness", "*mestous*": "full of/filled with", "*phthonou*": "envy/jealousy", "*phonou*": "murder/killing", "*eridos*": "strife/contention/quarreling", "*dolou*": "deceit/trickery/guile", "*kakoētheias*": "maliciousness/evil disposition", "*psithyristas*": "whisperers/gossips/secret slanderers" } } 30 { "verseID": "Romans.1.30", "source": "Καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,", "text": "*Katalalous*, *theostygeis*, *hybristas*, *hyperēphanous*, *alazonas*, *epheuretas* *kakōn*, *goneusin* *apeitheis*,", "grammar": { "*Katalalous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - backbiters/slanderers", "*theostygeis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - God-haters", "*hybristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - insolent/violent people", "*hyperēphanous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant", "*alazonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - boastful", "*epheuretas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - inventors", "*kakōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of evil things", "*goneusin*": "dative, masculine, plural - to parents", "*apeitheis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - disobedient" }, "variants": { "*Katalalous*": "backbiters/slanderers/defamers", "*theostygeis*": "God-haters/hateful to God", "*hybristas*": "insolent/violent/abusive", "*hyperēphanous*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*alazonas*": "boastful/pretentious/braggarts", "*epheuretas*": "inventors/devisers", "*kakōn*": "of evil things/of wickedness", "*apeitheis*": "disobedient/rebellious" } }
  • Rom 3:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Romans.3.9", "source": "Τί οὖν; προεχόμεθα; Οὐ, πάντως: προῃτιασάμεθα γὰρ Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας, πάντας ὑφʼ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι·", "text": "*Ti oun*? *proechometha*? *Ou*, *pantōs*: *proētiasametha gar Ioudaious te kai Hellēnas*, *pantas hyph' hamartian einai*;", "grammar": { "*Ti*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*proechometha*": "verb, present middle/passive, 1st person plural - do we excel/are we better", "*Ou*": "negative particle - no/not", "*pantōs*": "adverb - at all/entirely", "*proētiasametha*": "verb, aorist middle, 1st person plural - we previously charged", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*Ioudaious*": "noun, accusative, masculine, plural - Jews", "*te*": "connective particle - both/and", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*Hellēnas*": "noun, accusative, masculine, plural - Greeks", "*pantas*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, plural - all", "*hyph' hamartian*": "preposition + accusative noun, feminine, singular - under sin", "*einai*": "verb, present active infinitive - to be" }, "variants": { "*proechometha*": "do we excel/are we better/have an advantage", "*pantōs*": "at all/certainly/entirely/altogether", "*proētiasametha*": "previously charged/already brought the accusation/previously proved", "*Ioudaious*": "Jews/Jewish people/Judeans", "*Hellēnas*": "Greeks/Gentiles/non-Jews", "*hyph' hamartian*": "under sin/under the power of sin/subject to sin" } } 10 { "verseID": "Romans.3.10", "source": "Καθὼς γέγραπται, ὅτι Οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος, οὐδὲ εἷς:", "text": "*Kathōs gegraptai*, *hoti Ouk estin dikaios*, *oude heis*:", "grammar": { "*Kathōs*": "adverb - just as/according as", "*gegraptai*": "verb, perfect passive, 3rd person singular - it has been written", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*Ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*dikaios*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - righteous/just person", "*oude*": "negative conjunction - not even/and not", "*heis*": "numeral, nominative, masculine, singular - one" }, "variants": { "*gegraptai*": "has been written/stands written/is recorded", "*dikaios*": "righteous one/just person/righteous person", "*oude heis*": "not even one/no one at all/not a single one" } } 11 { "verseID": "Romans.3.11", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ συνίων, οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν.", "text": "*Ouk estin ho syniōn*, *ouk estin ho ekzētōn ton Theon*.", "grammar": { "*Ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*ho syniōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one understanding", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*ho ekzētōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one seeking out", "*ton Theon*": "article + noun, accusative, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*syniōn*": "understanding/comprehending/discerning", "*ekzētōn*": "seeking out/searching for/earnestly seeking" } } 12 { "verseID": "Romans.3.12", "source": "Πάντες ἐξέκλιναν, ἅμα ἠχρειώθησαν· οὐκ ἔστιν ποιῶν χρηστότητα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός.", "text": "*Pantes exeklinan*, *hama ēchreiōthēsan*; *ouk estin poiōn chrēstotēta*, *ouk estin heōs henos*.", "grammar": { "*Pantes*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*exeklinan*": "verb, aorist active, 3rd person plural - they turned aside", "*hama*": "adverb - together/at once", "*ēchreiōthēsan*": "verb, aorist passive, 3rd person plural - they became useless", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*poiōn*": "participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - doing/practicing", "*chrēstotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - goodness/kindness", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*heōs*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*henos*": "numeral, genitive, masculine, singular - of one" }, "variants": { "*exeklinan*": "turned aside/deviated/went astray", "*ēchreiōthēsan*": "became useless/became worthless/became unprofitable", "*chrēstotēta*": "goodness/kindness/what is right", "*heōs henos*": "even one/not so much as one/not even a single one" } } 13 { "verseID": "Romans.3.13", "source": "Τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν· ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν· ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν:", "text": "*Taphos aneōgmenos ho larynx autōn*; *tais glōssais autōn edoliousan*; *ios aspidōn hypo ta cheilē autōn*:", "grammar": { "*Taphos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - tomb/grave", "*aneōgmenos*": "participle, perfect passive, nominative, masculine, singular - having been opened", "*ho larynx*": "article + noun, nominative, masculine, singular - the throat", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them", "*tais glōssais*": "article + noun, dative, feminine, plural - with the tongues", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them", "*edoliousan*": "verb, imperfect active, 3rd person plural - they were deceiving", "*ios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - poison/venom", "*aspidōn*": "noun, genitive, feminine, plural - of asps/of vipers", "*hypo*": "preposition + accusative - under", "*ta cheilē*": "article + noun, accusative, neuter, plural - the lips", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them" }, "variants": { "*Taphos aneōgmenos*": "open tomb/opened grave", "*larynx*": "throat/gullet", "*edoliousan*": "were deceiving/were practicing deceit/were speaking deceitfully", "*ios*": "poison/venom/deadly substance", "*aspidōn*": "of asps/of poisonous snakes/of vipers" } } 14 { "verseID": "Romans.3.14", "source": "Ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει:", "text": "*Hōn to stoma aras kai pikrias gemei*:", "grammar": { "*Hōn*": "relative pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of whom", "*to stoma*": "article + noun, nominative, neuter, singular - the mouth", "*aras*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of cursing", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*pikrias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of bitterness", "*gemei*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is full" }, "variants": { "*aras*": "cursing/curse/imprecation", "*pikrias*": "bitterness/harsh speech/bitter hatred", "*gemei*": "is full/is filled with/overflows with" } } 15 { "verseID": "Romans.3.15", "source": "Ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν ἐκχέαι αἷμα:", "text": "*Oxeis hoi podes autōn ekcheai haima*:", "grammar": { "*Oxeis*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - swift", "*hoi podes*": "article + noun, nominative, masculine, plural - the feet", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them", "*ekcheai*": "verb, aorist active infinitive - to shed/pour out", "*haima*": "noun, accusative, neuter, singular - blood" }, "variants": { "*Oxeis*": "swift/quick/sharp", "*ekcheai*": "to shed/to pour out/to spill" } } 16 { "verseID": "Romans.3.16", "source": "Σύντριμμα καὶ ταλαιπωρία ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν:", "text": "*Syntrimma kai talaipōria en tais hodois autōn*:", "grammar": { "*Syntrimma*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - destruction/ruin", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*talaipōria*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - misery/distress", "*en tais hodois*": "preposition + article + noun, dative, feminine, plural - in the ways/paths", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them" }, "variants": { "*Syntrimma*": "destruction/ruin/brokenness/crushing", "*talaipōria*": "misery/distress/calamity/wretchedness", "*hodois*": "ways/paths/roads/routes" } } 17 { "verseID": "Romans.3.17", "source": "Καὶ ὁδὸν εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔγνωσαν:", "text": "*Kai hodon eirēnēs ouk egnōsan*:", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*hodon*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - way/path", "*eirēnēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of peace", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*egnōsan*": "verb, aorist active, 3rd person plural - they knew" }, "variants": { "*hodon*": "way/path/road/journey", "*eirēnēs*": "of peace/of harmony/of tranquility", "*egnōsan*": "knew/recognized/understood" } } 18 { "verseID": "Romans.3.18", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν φόβος Θεοῦ ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν.", "text": "*Ouk estin phobos Theou apenanti tōn ophthalmōn autōn*.", "grammar": { "*Ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*phobos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - fear", "*Theou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*apenanti*": "preposition + genitive - before/in front of", "*tōn ophthalmōn*": "article + noun, genitive, masculine, plural - the eyes", "*autōn*": "pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them" }, "variants": { "*phobos*": "fear/reverence/awe", "*apenanti*": "before/in front of/in the presence of/before the face of" } } 19 { "verseID": "Romans.3.19", "source": "Οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι ὅσα ὁ νόμος λέγει, τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λαλεῖ: ἵνα πᾶν στόμα φραγῇ, καὶ ὑπόδικος γένηται πᾶς ὁ κόσμος τῷ Θεῷ.", "text": "*Oidamen de hoti hosa ho nomos legei*, *tois en tō nomō lalei*: *hina pan stoma phragē*, *kai hypodikos genētai pas ho kosmos tō Theō*.", "grammar": { "*Oidamen*": "verb, perfect active, 1st person plural - we know", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*hosa*": "correlative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - whatever things", "*ho nomos*": "article + noun, nominative, masculine, singular - the law", "*legei*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - says/speaks", "*tois en tō nomō*": "article + preposition + article + noun, dative, masculine, singular - to those in the law", "*lalei*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - speaks/says", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*pan stoma*": "adjective + noun, nominative, neuter, singular - every mouth", "*phragē*": "verb, aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be stopped", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*hypodikos*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - accountable/liable", "*genētai*": "verb, aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might become", "*pas ho kosmos*": "adjective + article + noun, nominative, masculine, singular - all the world", "*tō Theō*": "article + noun, dative, masculine, singular - to God" }, "variants": { "*Oidamen*": "we know/we understand/we are aware", "*nomos*": "law/Torah/legal system", "*lalei*": "speaks to/addresses/communicates with", "*phragē*": "might be stopped/might be silenced/might be shut", "*hypodikos*": "accountable/guilty/answerable/liable to judgment", "*kosmos*": "world/universe/humankind" } }
  • Job 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Job.4.19", "source": "אַ֤ף ׀ שֹׁכְנֵ֬י בָֽתֵּי־חֹ֗מֶר אֲשֶׁר־בֶּעָפָ֥ר יְסוֹדָ֑ם יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם לִפְנֵי־עָֽשׁ׃", "text": "How much more *ʾap* *šōḵənê* *bāttê-ḥōmer* who *ʾăšer-be-ʿāpār* *yəsôdām* *yədakkəʾûm* before *lipnê-ʿāš*", "grammar": { "*ʾap*": "conjunction/adverb - how much more/also/even", "*šōḵənê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of", "*bāttê-ḥōmer*": "noun, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - houses of clay", "*ʾăšer-be-ʿāpār*": "relative pronoun + preposition + noun, masculine singular - which in dust", "*yəsôdām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their foundation", "*yədakkəʾûm*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they crush them", "*lipnê-ʿāš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - before the moth" }, "variants": { "*šōḵənê*": "dwellers/inhabitants/residents", "*bāttê-ḥōmer*": "houses of clay/dirt/material", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dirt/earth", "*yəsôdām*": "their foundation/basis/beginning", "*yədakkəʾûm*": "they crush them/oppress them/break them", "*ʿāš*": "moth/insect" } }
  • Job 20:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Job.20.12", "source": "אִם־תַּמְתִּ֣יק בְּפִ֣יו רָעָ֑ה יַ֝כְחִידֶ֗נָּה תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾim-* *tamtîq* *bĕ-* *pîw* *rāʿāh* *yakḥîdennāh* *taḥat* *lĕšônô*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-*": "conjunction - if", "*tamtîq*": "hifil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it is sweet", "*bĕ-*": "preposition - in", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil", "*yakḥîdennāh*": "hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he hides it", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*lĕšônô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tongue" }, "variants": { "*tamtîq*": "is sweet/tastes good/is pleasant", "*pîw*": "his mouth/his speech", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*yakḥîdennāh*": "he hides it/he conceals it/he keeps it secret", "*lĕšônô*": "his tongue/his language" } }
  • Job 42:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Job.42.6", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֭ן אֶמְאַ֣ס וְנִחַ֑מְתִּי עַל־עָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* *ʾemʾas* and-*niḥamtî* upon-*ʿāpār* and-*ʾēper*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾemʾas*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I despise/reject", "*niḥamtî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st singular - I am comforted/I repent", "*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust", "*ʾēper*": "noun, masculine singular - ashes" }, "variants": { "*kēn*": "thus/so/therefore", "*ʾemʾas*": "I despise/I reject/I abhor", "*niḥamtî*": "I repent/I am comforted/I am sorry", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dirt/earth", "*ʾēper*": "ashes/dust" } }
  • Ps 14:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אָ֘מַ֤ר נָבָ֣ל בְּ֭לִבּוֹ אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִֽשְׁחִ֗יתוּ הִֽתְעִ֥יבוּ עֲלִילָ֗ה אֵ֣ין עֹֽשֵׂה־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* of *dāwīd*. *ʾāmar* the *nābāl* in *bəlibbow*: 'There is not *ʾĕlōhīm*.' They have *hišḥîtû*, they have *hitʿîbû* *ʿălîlâ*, there is none *ʿōśēh-ṭôb*.", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the director/conductor/chief musician", "*dāwīd*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said/has said", "*nābāl*": "masculine singular noun - fool", "*bəlibbow*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his heart", "*ʾĕlōhīm*": "masculine plural noun (often with singular meaning) - God/gods", "*hišḥîtû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd plural - they have corrupted/destroyed/acted corruptly", "*hitʿîbû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd plural - they have committed abominable acts", "*ʿălîlâ*": "feminine singular noun - deed/action", "*ʿōśēh-ṭôb*": "qal participle masculine singular + noun - doer of good" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "conductor/choir director/chief musician/leader", "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless person/one who disregards wisdom", "*hišḥîtû*": "corrupted/acted destructively/ruined", "*hitʿîbû*": "made abominable/acted abominably", "*ʿălîlâ*": "deed/practice/action", "*ʿōśēh-ṭôb*": "one who does good/doer of good" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.2", "source": "יְֽהוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַיִם֮ הִשְׁקִ֢יף עַֽל־בְּנֵי־אָדָ֥ם לִ֭רְאוֹת הֲיֵ֣שׁ מַשְׂכִּ֑יל דֹּ֝רֵשׁ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*YHWH* from *šāmayim* *hišqîp* upon *bənê-ʾādām* to *lirʾôt* if there is any *maśkîl*, *dōrēš* *ʾet-ʾĕlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*hišqîp*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - looked down/observed", "*bənê-ʾādām*": "construct noun + noun - sons of man/humanity/mankind", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to see/observe", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - one who understands/is wise", "*dōrēš*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who seeks", "*ʾet-ʾĕlōhîm*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun - God/gods" }, "variants": { "*hišqîp*": "looked down/bent down to look/observed from above", "*maśkîl*": "one who has insight/acts wisely/understands", "*dōrēš*": "seeker/one who inquires after/searches for" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.3", "source": "הַכֹּ֥ל סָר֮ יַחְדָּ֢ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "The *kōl* have *sār* *yaḥdāw*, they have *neʾĕlāḥû*. There is none *ʿōśēh-ṭôb*, there is not *gam-ʾeḥād*.", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun with definite article - the whole/all/everyone", "*sār*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - turned aside/departed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/all of them", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they have become corrupt/tainted/spoiled", "*ʿōśēh-ṭôb*": "qal participle masculine singular + noun - doer of good", "*gam-ʾeḥād*": "conjunction + noun - even one" }, "variants": { "*sār*": "turned aside/departed/gone astray", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "became tainted/spoiled/corrupt/morally rotten", "*gam-ʾeḥād*": "even one/not even one" } }
  • Ps 53:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.53.3", "source": "אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֗ים מִשָּׁמַיִם֮ הִשְׁקִ֢יף עַֽל־בְּנֵ֫י אָדָ֥ם לִ֭רְאוֹת הֲיֵ֣שׁ מַשְׂכִּ֑יל דֹּ֝רֵ֗שׁ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* from-*šāmayim* *hišqîp* upon-*bənê* *ʾādām* to-*rəʾôt* is-there *maśkîl* *dōrēš* *ʾēt*-*ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*šāmayim*": "preposition 'from' + noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*hišqîp*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - looked down/observed", "*bənê*": "preposition 'upon' + noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*rəʾôt*": "preposition 'to' + verb, qal infinitive construct - to see", "*maśkîl*": "participle, hiphil, masculine singular - one who understands/acts wisely", "*dōrēš*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - one who seeks", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*hišqîp*": "looked down/observed/surveyed", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/man", "*maśkîl*": "one who understands/wise person/insightful one", "*dōrēš*": "one who seeks/searches for/inquires about" } }