Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Job.32.1", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁבְּת֡וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָ֭אֵלֶּה מֵעֲנ֣וֹת אֶת־אִיּ֑וֹב כִּ֤י ה֖וּא צַדִּ֣יק בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyišbətû* three *hāʾănāšîm* *hāʾēlleh* from *mēʿănôt* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyôb* because *hûʾ* *ṣaddîq* in *bəʿênāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyišbətû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they ceased/stopped", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the men", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective plural - these", "*mēʿănôt*": "preposition min + qal infinitive construct - from answering", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyôb*": "proper noun - Job", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous", "*bəʿênāyw*": "preposition bet + noun feminine dual construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his eyes" }, "variants": { "*wayyišbətû*": "they ceased/stopped/desisted", "*mēʿănôt*": "from answering/replying to", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Disse tre menn sluttet å svare Job, fordi han anså seg selv som rettferdig.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Så sluttet disse tre mennene å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Norsk King James

  Så de tre mennene sluttet å svare Job, for han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da sluttet disse tre menn å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Disse tre menn sluttet å svare Job, fordi han anså seg selv for å være rettferdig.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Så de tre mennene sluttet å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Så holdt disse tre mennene opp med å svare til Job, fordi han anså seg selv som rettferdig.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Så de tre mennene sluttet å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Da sluttet disse tre mennene å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  So these three men stopped answering Job because he considered himself righteous in his own eyes.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De tre mennene sluttet å svare Job, fordi han anså seg selv som rettferdig.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da lode disse tre Mænd af at svare Job, efterdi han var retfærdig for sine (egne) Øine.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  So these three men ceased to answer , because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Så sluttet disse tre mennene å svare, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  So these three men stopped answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Så sluttet disse tre mennene å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Disse tre menn sluttet å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Så disse tre mennene sluttet å svare Job, fordi han var rettferdig i egne øyne.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Så disse tre mennene ga ikke Job flere svar, fordi han selv anså seg å ha rett.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  So these thre men wolde stryue nomore wt Iob, because he helde himself a rightuous man.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  So these three men ceased to answere Iob, because he esteemed himselfe iust.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  So these three men ceassed to aunswere Iob, because he held him selfe a righteous man.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he [was] righteous in his own eyes.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And these three men cease from answering Job, for he `is' righteous in his own eyes,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So these three men gave no more answers to Job, because he seemed to himself to be right.

• World English Bible (2000)

  So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  V. The Speeches of Elihu(32:1-37:24)Elihu’s First Speech So these three men refused to answer Job further, because he was righteous in his own eyes.

Referenced Verses

• Job 10:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.10.7", "source": "עַֽל־דַּ֭עְתְּךָ כִּי־לֹ֣א אֶרְשָׁ֑ע וְאֵ֖ין מִיָּדְךָ֣ מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "upon *daʿtəkā* that not *ʾeršāʿ* and there is no from *miyyādəkā* *maṣṣîl*", "grammar": { "*daʿtəkā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your knowledge", "*ʾeršāʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I am wicked", "*miyyādəkā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your hand", "*maṣṣîl*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - deliverer" }, "variants": { "*daʿtəkā*": "your knowledge/your understanding/your awareness", "*ʾeršāʿ*": "I am wicked/I am guilty/I do wrong", "*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who saves" } }
• Job 33:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.33.9", "source": "זַ֥ךְ אֲנִ֗י בְּֽלִ֫י פָ֥שַׁע חַ֥ף אָנֹכִ֑י וְלֹ֖א עָוֺ֣ן לִֽי׃", "text": "*zak* *ʾănî* *bəlî* *pāša'* *ḥap* *ʾānōkî* *wəlō'* *'āwōn* *lî*", "grammar": { "*zak*": "adjective, masculine singular - pure/clean", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bəlî*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*pāša'*": "noun, masculine singular - transgression/rebellion", "*ḥap*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/innocent", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*wəlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*'āwōn*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/guilt", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to/for me" }, "variants": { "*zak*": "pure/clean/innocent", "*bəlî*": "without/lacking", "*pāša'*": "transgression/rebellion/offense", "*ḥap*": "clean/innocent/blameless", "*'āwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/sin" } }
• Job 6:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Job.6.29", "source": "שֻֽׁבוּ־נָ֭א אַל־תְּהִ֣י עַוְלָ֑ה וְשׁ֥וּבוּ ע֝וֹד צִדְקִי־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šubû-nāʾ ʾal-təhî ʿawlâ wəšûbû ʿôd ṣidqî-bāh*", "grammar": { "*šubû-nāʾ*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural + particle of entreaty - return, please", "*ʾal-təhî*": "negative particle + Qal jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let there not be", "*ʿawlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - injustice/unrighteousness", "*wəšûbû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and return", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*ṣidqî-bāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - my righteousness is in it" }, "variants": { "*šûb*": "to return/turn back", "*nāʾ*": "please (particle of entreaty)", "*hāyâ*": "to be/become/happen", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wrong", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness" } }
• Job 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Job.10.2", "source": "אֹמַ֣ר אֶל־אֱ֭לוֹהַּ אַל־תַּרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִי הֽ֝וֹדִיעֵ֗נִי עַ֣ל מַה־תְּרִיבֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*ʾōmar* to *ʾĕlôah* not *taršîʿēnî* *hôdîʿēnî* for what *tərîbēnî*", "grammar": { "*ʾōmar*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will say", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*taršîʿēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - condemn me", "*hôdîʿēnî*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 1st person suffix - make known to me", "*tərîbēnî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - contend with me" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity", "*taršîʿēnî*": "condemn me/declare me guilty/treat me as wicked", "*tərîbēnî*": "contend with me/oppose me/bring charges against me" } }
• Job 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Job.13.15", "source": "הֵ֣ן יִ֭קְטְלֵנִי *לא **ל֣וֹ אֲיַחֵ֑ל אַךְ־דְּ֝רָכַ֗י אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אוֹכִֽיחַ׃", "text": "*hēn* *yiqṭelēnî* *lōʾ*/*lô* *ʾăyaḥēl* *ʾak*-*derākay* *ʾel*-*pānāyw* *ʾôkîaḥ*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/indeed", "*yiqṭelēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will kill me", "*lōʾ*/*lô*": "negative particle/preposition with 3rd person masculine suffix - not/for him", "*ʾăyaḥēl*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will hope/wait", "*ʾak*": "restrictive particle - only/yet/nevertheless", "*derākay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my ways", "*ʾel*-*pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his face", "*ʾôkîaḥ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will defend/justify" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ*/*lô* *ʾăyaḥēl*": "I will not hope/I will hope in him (textual variant)", "*ʾak*": "only/yet/nevertheless", "*derākay*": "my ways/my conduct/my arguments", "*ʾôkîaḥ*": "I will defend/I will justify/I will argue" } }
• Job 23:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.23.7", "source": "שָׁ֗ם יָ֭שָׁר נוֹכָ֣ח עִמּ֑וֹ וַאֲפַלְּטָ֥ה לָ֝נֶ֗צַח מִשֹּׁפְטִֽי׃", "text": "*šām* *yāšār* *nôkāḥ* *ʿimmô* *wa-ʾăpallĕṭâ* *lāneṣaḥ* *miššōpĕṭî*", "grammar": { "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - upright/righteous", "*nôkāḥ*": "preposition - before/in the presence of", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wa-ʾăpallĕṭâ*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 1st person singular (cohortative) - and I would escape/be delivered", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever/completely", "*miššōpĕṭî*": "preposition + Qal participle, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - from my judge" }, "variants": { "*yāšār*": "upright, straight, righteous, just", "*nôkāḥ*": "in front of, opposite to, before, in the presence of", "*pālaṭ*": "to escape, deliver, save, rescue", "*neṣaḥ*": "forever, perpetuity, completely, entirely", "*šāpaṭ*": "to judge, govern, vindicate, decide" } }
• Job 27:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Job.27.4", "source": "אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝לְשׁוֹנִ֗י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*ʾim-təḏabbērnâ* *śəp̄āṯay* *ʿawlâ* *û-ləšônî* *ʾim-yehgeh* *rəmiyyâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-təḏabbērnâ*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - if they shall speak", "*śəp̄āṯay*": "noun feminine dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lips", "*ʿawlâ*": "noun feminine singular - injustice/wrong/wickedness", "*û-ləšônî*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my tongue", "*ʾim-yehgeh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - if it utters/mutters", "*rəmiyyâ*": "noun feminine singular - deceit/treachery" }, "variants": { "*ḏāḇar*": "speak/say/tell", "*śāp̄â*": "lip/language/speech", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wickedness", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language", "*hāḡâ*": "mutter/utter/meditate/speak", "*rəmiyyâ*": "deceit/treachery/guile" } } 5 { "verseID": "Job.27.5", "source": "חָלִ֣ילָה לִּי֮ אִם־אַצְדִּ֢יק אֶ֫תְכֶ֥ם עַד־אֶגְוָ֑ע לֹא־אָסִ֖יר תֻּמָּתִ֣י מִמֶּֽנִּי׃", "text": "*ḥālîlâ* *lî* *ʾim-ʾaṣdîq* *ʾeṯḵem* *ʿaḏ-ʾeḡwāʿ* *lōʾ-ʾāsîr* *tummāṯî* *mimmennî*", "grammar": { "*ḥālîlâ*": "interjection - far be it/God forbid", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me/for me", "*ʾim-ʾaṣdîq*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - if I justify/should justify", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʿaḏ-ʾeḡwāʿ*": "preposition + Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - until I expire/die", "*lōʾ-ʾāsîr*": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will not remove/take away", "*tummāṯî*": "noun feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my integrity", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me" }, "variants": { "*ḥālîlâ*": "far be it/God forbid (expression of abhorrence)", "*ṣāḏaq*": "justify/be right/declare righteous", "*gāwaʿ*": "expire/perish/die", "*sûr*": "turn aside/remove/take away", "*tummâ*": "integrity/completeness/innocence" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.27.6", "source": "בְּצִדְקָתִ֣י הֶ֭חֱזַקְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אַרְפֶּ֑הָ לֹֽא־יֶחֱרַ֥ף לְ֝בָבִ֗י מִיָּמָֽי׃", "text": "*bəṣiḏqāṯî* *heḥĕzaqtî* *wə-lōʾ* *ʾarpehā* *lōʾ-yeḥĕrap̄* *ləḇāḇî* *miyyāmāy*", "grammar": { "*bəṣiḏqāṯî*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my righteousness", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have held fast", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾarpehā*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - I will let it go", "*lōʾ-yeḥĕrap̄*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it does not reproach", "*ləḇāḇî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*miyyāmāy*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - from my days" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḏāqâ*": "righteousness/justice", "*ḥāzaq*": "hold fast/strengthen/seize", "*rāp̄â*": "let go/release/become slack", "*ḥārap̄*": "reproach/taunt/defy/scorn", "*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*yôm*": "day/time/lifetime" } }
• Job 29:11-17 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.29.11", "source": "כִּ֤י אֹ֣זֶן שָׁ֭מְעָה וַֽתְּאַשְּׁרֵ֑נִי וְעַ֥ין רָ֝אֲתָ֗ה וַתְּעִידֵֽנִי", "text": "*kî* *ʾōzen* *šāməʿāh* *wa-təʾaššrēnî* *wə-ʿayin* *rāʾătāh* *wa-təʿîdēnî*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*šāməʿāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it heard", "*wa-təʾaššrēnî*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and it blessed/called me happy", "*wə-ʿayin*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and eye", "*rāʾătāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it saw", "*wa-təʿîdēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and it testified/bore witness to me" }, "variants": { "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*šāməʿāh*": "it heard/listened", "*təʾaššrēnî*": "it blessed me/pronounced me happy/approved me", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight", "*təʿîdēnî*": "it testified for me/bore me witness/gave approval of me" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.29.12", "source": "כִּֽי־אֲ֭מַלֵּט עָנִ֣י מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ וְ֝יָת֗וֹם וְֽלֹא־עֹזֵ֥ר לֽוֹ", "text": "*kî-ʾămalleṭ* *ʿānî* *məšawwēaʿ* *wə-yātôm* *wə-lōʾ-ʿōzēr* *lô*", "grammar": { "*kî-ʾămalleṭ*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - for I delivered/rescued", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*məšawwēaʿ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - crying for help", "*wə-yātôm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and orphan", "*wə-lōʾ-ʿōzēr*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal participle, masculine singular - and no helper", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/for him" }, "variants": { "*ʾămalleṭ*": "I delivered/rescued/saved", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed", "*məšawwēaʿ*": "crying out/crying for help/pleading", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.29.13", "source": "בִּרְכַּ֣ת אֹ֭בֵד עָלַ֣י תָּבֹ֑א וְלֵ֖ב אַלְמָנָ֣ה אַרְנִֽן", "text": "*birkat* *ʾōbēd* *ʿālay* *tābōʾ* *wə-lēb* *ʾalmānāh* *ʾarnīn*", "grammar": { "*birkat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - blessing of", "*ʾōbēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - perishing/about to perish", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - upon me", "*tābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it came", "*wə-lēb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and heart of", "*ʾalmānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*ʾarnīn*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I caused to sing/rejoice" }, "variants": { "*birkat*": "blessing/benediction", "*ʾōbēd*": "perishing one/one about to perish/dying person", "*tābōʾ*": "it came/would come", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/bereaved woman", "*ʾarnīn*": "I caused to rejoice/sing/shout for joy" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.29.14", "source": "צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִי כִּֽמְעִ֥יל וְ֝צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽי", "text": "*ṣedeq* *lābastî* *wa-yyilbāšēnî* *ki-məʿîl* *wə-ṣānîp* *mišpāṭî*", "grammar": { "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*lābastî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I put on/clothed myself", "*wa-yyilbāšēnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and it clothed me", "*ki-məʿîl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a robe", "*wə-ṣānîp*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and turban/headdress", "*mišpāṭî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my justice" }, "variants": { "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*lābastî*": "I put on/clothed myself with/wore", "*yilbāšēnî*": "it clothed me/covered me", "*məʿîl*": "robe/cloak/mantle", "*ṣānîp*": "turban/headdress/diadem", "*mišpāṭî*": "my justice/judgment/right" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.29.15", "source": "עֵינַ֣יִם הָ֭יִיתִי לַֽעִוֵּ֑ר וְרַגְלַ֖יִם לַפִּסֵּ֣חַ אָֽנִי", "text": "*ʿênayim* *hāyîtî* *la-ʿiwwēr* *wə-raglayim* *la-pissēaḥ* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes", "*hāyîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I was", "*la-ʿiwwēr*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - to the blind", "*wə-raglayim*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual - and feet", "*la-pissēaḥ*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - to the lame", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I" }, "variants": { "*ʿênayim*": "eyes/sight", "*ʿiwwēr*": "blind person/blind man", "*raglayim*": "feet/legs", "*pissēaḥ*": "lame person/crippled person" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.29.16", "source": "אָ֣ב אָ֭נֹכִֽי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים וְרִ֖ב לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶחְקְרֵֽהוּ", "text": "*ʾāb* *ʾānōkî* *lā-ʾebyônîm* *wə-rîb* *lōʾ-yādaʿtî* *ʾeḥqərēhû*", "grammar": { "*ʾāb*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*lā-ʾebyônîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - to the needy", "*wə-rîb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and case/dispute", "*lōʾ-yādaʿtî*": "negative particle + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I did not know", "*ʾeḥqərēhû*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I searched it out/investigated it" }, "variants": { "*ʾāb*": "father/protector/provider", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute people", "*rîb*": "case/dispute/legal cause/controversy", "*yādaʿtî*": "I knew/was acquainted with", "*ʾeḥqərēhû*": "I investigated it/searched it out/examined it" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.29.17", "source": "וָֽ֭אֲשַׁבְּרָה מְתַלְּע֣וֹת עַוָּ֑ל וּ֝מִשִּׁנָּ֗יו אַשְׁלִ֥יךְ טָֽרֶף", "text": "*wā-ʾăšabbərāh* *mətalləʿôt* *ʿawwāl* *û-miššinnāyw* *ʾašlîk* *ṭārep*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾăšabbərāh*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 1st person singular with paragogic he - and I broke", "*mətalləʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - jaws of", "*ʿawwāl*": "noun, masculine singular - unjust/wicked one", "*û-miššinnāyw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and from his teeth", "*ʾašlîk*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I cast/threw", "*ṭārep*": "noun, masculine singular - prey/torn flesh" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšabbərāh*": "I broke/shattered/crushed", "*mətalləʿôt*": "jaws/fangs", "*ʿawwāl*": "unjust one/wicked person/evil-doer", "*šinnāyw*": "his teeth/fangs", "*ʾašlîk*": "I cast out/threw away/flung", "*ṭārep*": "prey/torn flesh/plunder" } }
• Job 31:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Job.31.1", "source": "בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְעֵינָ֑י וּמָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה׃", "text": "*bərit kāratî* to *ʿênāy* and *mâ ʾetbônēn* upon-*bətûlâ*", "grammar": { "*bərit*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - covenant", "*kāratî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I cut/made", "*ʿênāy*": "noun, feminine, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mâ*": "interrogative pronoun - what/how", "*ʾetbônēn*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 1st person singular - I would look at/consider", "*bətûlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - virgin/maiden" }, "variants": { "*bərit kāratî*": "I made a covenant/I cut a covenant", "*ʾetbônēn*": "I would consider/I would look at/I would gaze upon", "*bətûlâ*": "virgin/young unmarried woman" } } 2 { "verseID": "Job.31.2", "source": "וּמֶ֤ה ׀ חֵ֣לֶק אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְֽנַחֲלַ֥ת שַׁ֝דַּ֗י מִמְּרֹמִֽים׃", "text": "And *meh ḥēleq ʾĕlôah* from-above and-*naḥălat šadday* from-*mərômîm*", "grammar": { "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ḥēleq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - portion/share of", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance/heritage of", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty/Shaddai", "*mərômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heights/high places" }, "variants": { "*ḥēleq*": "portion/share/lot", "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity (singular form)", "*šadday*": "the Almighty/All-sufficient One", "*mərômîm*": "heights/high places/heavens" } } 3 { "verseID": "Job.31.3", "source": "הֲלֹא־אֵ֥יד לְעַוָּ֑ל וְ֝נֵ֗כֶר לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*hălōʾ-ʾêd* to-*ʿawwāl* and-*nēker* to-*pōʿălê ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not", "*ʾêd*": "noun, masculine singular - calamity/disaster", "*ʿawwāl*": "noun, masculine singular - unjust one/unrighteous person", "*nēker*": "noun, masculine singular - disaster/alienation", "*pōʿălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - doers of/workers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - wickedness/iniquity" }, "variants": { "*ʾêd*": "calamity/destruction/disaster", "*ʿawwāl*": "unjust one/unrighteous/evildoer", "*nēker*": "disaster/alienation/estrangement", "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/those who do evil" } } 4 { "verseID": "Job.31.4", "source": "הֲלֹא־ה֭וּא יִרְאֶ֣ה דְרָכָ֑י וְֽכָל־צְעָדַ֥י יִסְפּֽוֹר׃", "text": "*hălōʾ-hûʾ yirʾeh dərākāy* and-all-*ṣəʿāday yispôr*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not/does not", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*yirʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sees", "*dərākāy*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my ways", "*ṣəʿāday*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my steps", "*yispôr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he counts" }, "variants": { "*yirʾeh*": "sees/observes/watches", "*dərākāy*": "my ways/my paths/my conduct", "*ṣəʿāday*": "my steps/my footsteps", "*yispôr*": "counts/numbers/records" } } 5 { "verseID": "Job.31.5", "source": "אִם־הָלַ֥כְתִּי עִם־שָׁ֑וְא וַתַּ֖חַשׁ עַל־מִרְמָ֣ה רַגְלֽ͏ִי׃", "text": "If-*hālaktî* with-*šāwʾ* and-*tataḥaš* upon-*mirmâ raglî*", "grammar": { "*hālaktî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I walked/went", "*šāwʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/emptiness", "*tataḥaš*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - it hastened", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery", "*raglî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my foot" }, "variants": { "*hālaktî*": "I walked/I have gone/I have conducted myself", "*šāwʾ*": "falsehood/emptiness/vanity/worthlessness", "*tataḥaš*": "hasten/rush/hurry", "*mirmâ*": "deceit/treachery/fraud" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.31.6", "source": "יִשְׁקְלֵ֥נִי בְמֹאזְנֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וְיֵדַ֥ע אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ תֻּמָּתִֽי׃", "text": "*yišqəlēnî* in-*mōʾznê-ṣedeq* and-*yēdaʿ ʾĕlôah tummātî*", "grammar": { "*yišqəlēnî*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he weighs me", "*mōʾznê*": "noun, masculine dual construct - scales of", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness/justice", "*yēdaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knows", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*tummātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my integrity" }, "variants": { "*yišqəlēnî*": "let him weigh me/may he weigh me", "*mōʾznê-ṣedeq*": "scales of righteousness/just balances", "*yēdaʿ*": "know/perceive/acknowledge", "*tummātî*": "my integrity/my innocence/my blamelessness" } } 7 { "verseID": "Job.31.7", "source": "אִ֥ם תִּטֶּ֣ה אַשֻּׁרִי֮ מִנִּ֢י הַ֫דָּ֥רֶךְ וְאַחַ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי הָלַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑י וּ֝בְכַפַּ֗י דָּ֣בַק מֻאוּֽם׃", "text": "If-*tiṭṭeh ʾaššurî* from the-*dārek* and-after *ʿênay hālak libbî* and-in-*kappay dābaq muʾûm*", "grammar": { "*tiṭṭeh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it turned aside", "*ʾaššurî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my step", "*dārek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the way/path", "*ʿênay*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*hālak*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it went/walked", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*kappay*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my palms/hands", "*dābaq*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it clung/adhered", "*muʾûm*": "noun, masculine singular - anything/spot/blemish" }, "variants": { "*tiṭṭeh*": "turned aside/deviated/swerved", "*ʾaššurî*": "my step/my footstep", "*dārek*": "way/path/road", "*hālak libbî*": "my heart has gone/my heart has followed", "*dābaq*": "clung/stuck/adhered", "*muʾûm*": "spot/blemish/anything [unclean]" } } 8 { "verseID": "Job.31.8", "source": "אֶ֭זְרְעָה וְאַחֵ֣ר יֹאכֵ֑ל וְֽצֶאֱצָאַ֥י יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*ʾezrəʿâ* and-*ʾaḥēr yōʾkēl* and-*ṣeʾĕṣāʾay yəšōrāšû*", "grammar": { "*ʾezrəʿâ*": "verb, qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - let me sow", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another", "*yōʾkēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will eat", "*ṣeʾĕṣāʾay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my offspring", "*yəšōrāšû*": "verb, pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be uprooted" }, "variants": { "*ʾezrəʿâ*": "let me sow/I would sow", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/someone else", "*ṣeʾĕṣāʾay*": "my offspring/my produce/my descendants", "*yəšōrāšû*": "be uprooted/be rooted out/be torn out" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.31.9", "source": "אִם־נִפְתָּ֣ה לִ֭בִּי עַל־אִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַל־פֶּ֖תַח רֵעִ֣י אָרָֽבְתִּי׃", "text": "If-*niptâ libbî* upon-*ʾiššâ* and-upon-*petaḥ rēʿî ʾārābtî*", "grammar": { "*niptâ*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was enticed", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - door/entrance of", "*rēʿî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my neighbor/friend", "*ʾārābtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I lay in wait" }, "variants": { "*niptâ*": "was enticed/was deceived/was allured", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*petaḥ*": "door/entrance/opening", "*rēʿî*": "my neighbor/my friend", "*ʾārābtî*": "I have lurked/I have lain in wait" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.31.10", "source": "תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃", "text": "*tiṭḥan lə-ʾaḥēr ʾištî* and-upon-her *yikrəʿûn ʾăḥērîn*", "grammar": { "*tiṭḥan*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular jussive - let her grind", "*lə-ʾaḥēr*": "preposition with adjective, masculine singular - for another", "*ʾištî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wife", "*yikrəʿûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they would bow down", "*ʾăḥērîn*": "adjective, masculine plural - others" }, "variants": { "*tiṭḥan*": "let her grind/may she grind [grain, euphemism for sexual relations]", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/someone else", "*yikrəʿûn*": "bow down/kneel/stoop [euphemism for sexual relations]", "*ʾăḥērîn*": "others/other men" } } 11 { "verseID": "Job.31.11", "source": "כִּי־*הוא **הִ֥יא זִמָּ֑ה *והיא **וְ֝ה֗וּא עָוֺ֥ן פְּלִילִֽים׃", "text": "For-*hîʾ zimmâ wə-hûʾ ʿāwōn pəlîlîm*", "grammar": { "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular - she/it (feminine)", "*zimmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - lewdness/wickedness", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction with pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - and it (masculine)", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*pəlîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judges/arbiters" }, "variants": { "*zimmâ*": "lewdness/depravity/wickedness", "*ʿāwōn pəlîlîm*": "iniquity of judges/punishable crime/criminal iniquity" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.31.12", "source": "כִּ֤י אֵ֣שׁ הִ֭יא עַד־אֲבַדּ֣וֹן תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּֽבְכָל־תְּב֖וּאָתִ֣י תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "For *ʾēš hîʾ* unto-*ʾăbaddôn tōʾkēl* and-in-all-*təḇûʾātî təšārēš*", "grammar": { "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular - she/it (feminine)", "*ʾăbaddôn*": "noun, masculine singular - destruction/Abaddon", "*tōʾkēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it consumes", "*təḇûʾātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my harvest/produce", "*təšārēš*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it uproots" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*ʾăbaddôn*": "destruction/place of destruction/Abaddon", "*tōʾkēl*": "consumes/devours/eats", "*təḇûʾātî*": "my harvest/my produce/my increase", "*təšārēš*": "uproots/roots out/eradicates" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.31.13", "source": "אִם־אֶמְאַ֗ס מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַ֭בְדִּי וַאֲמָתִ֑י בְּ֝רִבָ֗ם עִמָּדִֽי׃", "text": "If-*ʾemʾas mišpaṭ ʿaḇdî wa-ʾămātî* in-*rîḇām ʿimmādî*", "grammar": { "*ʾemʾas*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I reject", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - justice/right of", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my servant", "*wa-ʾămātî*": "conjunction with noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my maidservant", "*rîḇām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their dispute", "*ʿimmādî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me" }, "variants": { "*ʾemʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*mišpaṭ*": "justice/right/claim", "*ʿaḇdî*": "my male servant/my slave", "*ʾămātî*": "my female servant/my maidservant", "*rîḇām*": "their dispute/their case/their lawsuit" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.31.14", "source": "וּמָ֣ה אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְכִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And-*mâ ʾeʿĕśeh* when-*yāqûm ʾēl* and-when-*yipqōd mâ ʾăšîḇennû*", "grammar": { "*mâ*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do", "*yāqûm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he rises", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*yipqōd*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he visits/examines", "*ʾăšîḇennû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will answer him" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/I would do/I could do", "*yāqûm*": "rises/stands up/takes action", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*yipqōd*": "visits/inspects/examines", "*ʾăšîḇennû*": "I will answer him/I would respond to him" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.31.15", "source": "הֲ‍ֽ֝לֹא־בַ֭בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣נִי עָשָׂ֑הוּ וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּ בָּרֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "*hălōʾ-ḇabbeṭen ʿōśēnî* *ʿāśāhû* and-*yəḵûnennû bāreḥem ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - did not", "*ḇabbeṭen*": "preposition with definite article and noun, feminine singular - in the womb", "*ʿōśēnî*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - [one] making me", "*ʿāśāhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he made him", "*yəḵûnennû*": "verb, polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he formed him", "*bāreḥem*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the womb", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēnî*": "my maker/one making me", "*ʿāśāhû*": "made him/created him", "*yəḵûnennû*": "formed him/fashioned him/prepared him", "*reḥem*": "womb/belly", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/same" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.31.16", "source": "אִם־אֶ֭מְנַע מֵחֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה׃", "text": "If-*ʾemnaʿ* from-*ḥēpeṣ dallîm* and-*ʿênê ʾalmānâ ʾăkalleh*", "grammar": { "*ʾemnaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I withhold", "*ḥēpeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - desire of", "*dallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - poor ones", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*ʾăkalleh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I cause to fail" }, "variants": { "*ʾemnaʿ*": "withhold/keep back/refuse", "*ḥēpeṣ*": "desire/wish/request", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/lowly", "*ʾăkalleh*": "cause to fail/exhaust/consume" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.31.17", "source": "וְאֹכַ֣ל פִּתִּ֣י לְבַדִּ֑י וְלֹא־אָכַ֖ל יָת֣וֹם מִמֶּֽנָּה׃", "text": "And-*ʾōkal pittî ləḇaddî* and-not-*ʾākal yātôm* from-it", "grammar": { "*ʾōkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I eat", "*pittî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my morsel/bread", "*ləḇaddî*": "preposition with noun and 1st person singular suffix - by myself", "*ʾākal*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ate", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless" }, "variants": { "*pittî*": "my morsel/my piece/my bread", "*ləḇaddî*": "by myself/alone", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless" } } 18 { "verseID": "Job.31.18", "source": "כִּ֣י מִ֭נְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַ֣נִי כְאָ֑ב וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן אִמִּ֣י אַנְחֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "For from-*nəʿûray gədēlanî* as-*ʾāḇ* and-from-*beṭen ʾimmî ʾanḥennâ*", "grammar": { "*nəʿûray*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my youth", "*gədēlanî*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he raised me", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*beṭen*": "noun, feminine singular construct - womb of", "*ʾimmî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my mother", "*ʾanḥennâ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - I guided her" }, "variants": { "*nəʿûray*": "my youth/my childhood", "*gədēlanî*": "he raised me/he brought me up", "*ʾanḥennâ*": "I guided her/I led her/I directed her" } } 19 { "verseID": "Job.31.19", "source": "אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֭וֹבֵד מִבְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "If-*ʾerʾeh ʾôḇēd* from-without *ləḇûš* and-no *kəsût* to-*ʾeḇyôn*", "grammar": { "*ʾerʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I see", "*ʾôḇēd*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - perishing one", "*ləḇûš*": "noun, masculine singular - clothing", "*kəsût*": "noun, feminine singular - covering", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - needy/poor" }, "variants": { "*ʾôḇēd*": "perishing one/one who is dying/one who is lost", "*ləḇûš*": "clothing/garment", "*kəsût*": "covering/garment", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute" } } 20 { "verseID": "Job.31.20", "source": "אִם־לֹ֣א בֵרֲכ֣וּנִי *חלצו **חֲלָצָ֑יו וּמִגֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂי יִתְחַמָּֽם׃", "text": "If-not *ḇērăkûnî ḥălāṣāyw* and-from-*gēz kəḇāśay yitḥammām*", "grammar": { "*ḇērăkûnî*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they blessed me", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "noun, masculine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his loins", "*gēz*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fleece/shearing of", "*kəḇāśay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my sheep", "*yitḥammām*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he warmed himself" }, "variants": { "*ḇērăkûnî*": "they blessed me/they thanked me", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "his loins/his body/his sides", "*gēz*": "fleece/shearing/wool", "*yitḥammām*": "warmed himself/was warmed" } } 21 { "verseID": "Job.31.21", "source": "אִם־הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי עַל־יָת֣וֹם יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֥ה בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר עֶזְרָתִֽי׃", "text": "If-*hănîpôtî* upon-*yātôm yādî* when-*ʾerʾeh ḇaššaʿar ʿezrātî*", "grammar": { "*hănîpôtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I raised/shook", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*ʾerʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I see", "*ḇaššaʿar*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the gate", "*ʿezrātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my help" }, "variants": { "*hănîpôtî*": "I raised/I shook/I brandished [threatening gesture]", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless", "*ḇaššaʿar*": "in the gate [place of legal proceedings]", "*ʿezrātî*": "my help/my support/my backing" } } 22 { "verseID": "Job.31.22", "source": "כְּ֭תֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָ֣ה תִפּ֑וֹל וְ֝אֶזְרֹעִ֗י מִקָּנָ֥ה תִשָּׁבֵֽר׃", "text": "*kətēpî miššikmâ tippôl* and-*ʾezrōʿî miqqānâ tiššāḇēr*", "grammar": { "*kətēpî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my shoulder", "*miššikmâ*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - from [its] socket", "*tippôl*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let it fall", "*ʾezrōʿî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my arm", "*miqqānâ*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular - from [its] joint", "*tiššāḇēr*": "verb, niphal imperfect jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let it be broken" }, "variants": { "*kətēpî*": "my shoulder/my shoulder blade", "*šikmâ*": "socket/shoulder joint", "*tippôl*": "fall/drop/be cast down", "*ʾezrōʿî*": "my arm/my forearm", "*qānâ*": "reed/joint/bone", "*tiššāḇēr*": "be broken/be shattered" } } 23 { "verseID": "Job.31.23", "source": "כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד אֵ֭לַי אֵ֣יד אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִשְּׂאֵת֗וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל׃", "text": "For *paḥad ʾēlay ʾêd ʾēl* and-from-*śəʾētô lōʾ ʾûkāl*", "grammar": { "*paḥad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dread of", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾêd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - calamity of", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*śəʾētô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his majesty/dignity", "*lōʾ ʾûkāl*": "negative particle with verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I cannot" }, "variants": { "*paḥad*": "dread/terror/fear", "*ʾêd*": "calamity/destruction", "*śəʾētô*": "his majesty/his dignity/his exaltation", "*ʾûkāl*": "I am able/I could endure" } } 24 { "verseID": "Job.31.24", "source": "אִם־שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי׃", "text": "If-*śamtî zāhāḇ kislî* and-to-*kettem ʾāmartî miḇṭaḥî*", "grammar": { "*śamtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I put/placed", "*zāhāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*kislî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my confidence", "*kettem*": "noun, masculine singular - pure gold", "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*miḇṭaḥî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my trust" }, "variants": { "*śamtî*": "I put/I placed/I made", "*kislî*": "my confidence/my hope/my security", "*kettem*": "pure gold/refined gold", "*miḇṭaḥî*": "my trust/my security/my confidence" } } 25 { "verseID": "Job.31.25", "source": "אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח כִּי־רַ֣ב חֵילִ֑י וְכִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽי׃", "text": "If-*ʾeśmaḥ* because-abundant *ḥêlî* and-because-*kabbîr māṣəʾâ yādî*", "grammar": { "*ʾeśmaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I rejoice", "*ḥêlî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wealth", "*kabbîr*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/much", "*māṣəʾâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it found/attained", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśmaḥ*": "rejoice/be glad/delight", "*ḥêlî*": "my wealth/my strength/my means", "*kabbîr*": "great/much/abundant", "*māṣəʾâ yādî*": "my hand found/attained/acquired" } } 26 { "verseID": "Job.31.26", "source": "אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֖וֹר כִּ֣י יָהֵ֑ל וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַ יָקָ֥ר הֹלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "If-*ʾerʾeh ʾôr* because *yāhēl* and-*yārēaḥ yāqār hōlēk*", "grammar": { "*ʾerʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I see", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*yāhēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it shines", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*yāqār*": "adjective, masculine singular - precious/splendid", "*hōlēk*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/sunlight", "*yāhēl*": "shines/gleams/is bright", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*yāqār*": "precious/splendid/glorious", "*hōlēk*": "walking/going/moving" } } 27 { "verseID": "Job.31.27", "source": "וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃", "text": "And-*yipt bassēter libbî* and-*tiššaq yādî* to-*pî*", "grammar": { "*yipt*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - it is enticed", "*bassēter*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the secret/hidden place", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*tiššaq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it kisses", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my mouth" }, "variants": { "*yipt*": "is enticed/is deceived/is seduced", "*bassēter*": "in secret/in the hidden place", "*tiššaq*": "kisses/touches [in homage]", "*pî*": "my mouth/my speech" } } 28 { "verseID": "Job.31.28", "source": "גַּם־ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י כִּֽי־כִחַ֖שְׁתִּי לָאֵ֣ל מִמָּֽעַל׃", "text": "Also-*hûʾ ʿāwōn pəlîlî* for-*kiḥaštî* to-*ʾēl* from-above", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it (masculine)", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*pəlîlî*": "adjective, masculine singular - judicial/criminal", "*kiḥaštî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I denied", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*ʿāwōn pəlîlî*": "judicial iniquity/punishable crime", "*kiḥaštî*": "I denied/I lied to/I deceived", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity" } } 29 { "verseID": "Job.31.29", "source": "אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח בְּפִ֣יד מְשַׂנְאִ֑י וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי כִּֽי־מְצָ֥אוֹ רָֽע׃", "text": "If-*ʾeśmaḥ* in-*pîd* *məśanʾî* and-*hitʿōrartî* when-found-him *rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾeśmaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I rejoice", "*pîd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - calamity of", "*məśanʾî*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - one hating me", "*hitʿōrartî*": "verb, hithpolel perfect, 1st person singular - I was excited/stirred up", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśmaḥ*": "rejoice/be glad/delight", "*pîd*": "calamity/ruin/disaster", "*məśanʾî*": "one hating me/my enemy", "*hitʿōrartî*": "I was excited/I was stirred up/I was aroused", "*rāʿ*": "evil/misfortune/disaster" } } 30 { "verseID": "Job.31.30", "source": "וְלֹא־נָתַ֣תִּי לַחֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑י לִשְׁאֹ֖ל בְּאָלָ֣ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And-not-*nātattî* to-*ḥăṭōʾ ḥikkî* to-*šəʾōl* in-*ʾālâ napšô*", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave/allowed", "*ḥăṭōʾ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to sin", "*ḥikkî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my palate/mouth", "*šəʾōl*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to ask/request", "*ʾālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - curse/oath", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life/soul" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I gave/I allowed/I permitted", "*ḥăṭōʾ*": "to sin/to err", "*ḥikkî*": "my palate/my mouth/my speech", "*šəʾōl*": "to ask/to request/to demand", "*ʾālâ*": "curse/oath", "*napšô*": "his life/his soul/his being" } } 31 { "verseID": "Job.31.31", "source": "אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝בְּשָׂר֗וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע׃", "text": "If-not *ʾāmərû* *mətê ʾāholî* who-*yittēn* from-*bəśārô lōʾ niśbāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmərû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they said", "*mətê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʾāholî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my tent", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gives", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his flesh", "*niśbāʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person plural - we are satisfied" }, "variants": { "*mətê*": "men/people", "*ʾāholî*": "my tent/my household", "*mî-yittēn*": "who would give/oh that", "*bəśārô*": "his flesh/his meat", "*niśbāʿ*": "are satisfied/have had enough" } } 32 { "verseID": "Job.31.32", "source": "בַּ֭חוּץ לֹא־יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר דְּ֝לָתַ֗י לָאֹ֥רַח אֶפְתָּֽח׃", "text": "In-the-*ḥûṣ* not-*yālîn gēr* *dəlātay* to-*ʾōraḥ ʾeptāḥ*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - outside", "*yālîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he lodges/spends the night", "*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular - stranger/sojourner", "*dəlātay*": "noun, feminine dual with 1st person singular suffix - my doors", "*ʾōraḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - traveler/wayfarer", "*ʾeptāḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I open" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣ*": "outside/street", "*yālîn*": "spends the night/lodges/stays", "*gēr*": "stranger/sojourner/foreigner", "*dəlātay*": "my doors/my entrances", "*ʾōraḥ*": "traveler/wayfarer/wanderer" } } 33 { "verseID": "Job.31.33", "source": "אִם־כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺֽנִי׃", "text": "If-*kissîtî kəʾādām pəšāʿāy* to-*ṭəmôn* in-*ḥubbî ʿăwōnî*", "grammar": { "*kissîtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I covered", "*kəʾādām*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - like Adam/like mankind", "*pəšāʿāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions", "*ṭəmôn*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to hide", "*ḥubbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my bosom", "*ʿăwōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my iniquity" }, "variants": { "*kissîtî*": "I covered/I concealed/I hid", "*kəʾādām*": "like Adam/like mankind/like people", "*pəšāʿāy*": "my transgressions/my sins", "*ḥubbî*": "my bosom/my chest/my heart", "*ʿăwōnî*": "my iniquity/my guilt/my sin" } } 34 { "verseID": "Job.31.34", "source": "כִּ֤י אֶֽעֱר֨וֹץ ׀ הָ֘מ֤וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וּבוּז־מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת יְחִתֵּ֑נִי וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗ם לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח׃", "text": "Because *ʾeʿĕrôṣ hāmôn rabbâ* and-*ḇûz-mišpāḥôt yəḥittēnî* and-*ʾeddōm lōʾ-ʾēṣēʾ pātaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕrôṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I fear/dread", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of", "*rabbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/many", "*ḇûz*": "noun, masculine singular construct - contempt of", "*mišpāḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - families/clans", "*yəḥittēnî*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - it terrifies me", "*ʾeddōm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular cohortative - I am silent", "*ʾēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I go out", "*pātaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - door/entrance" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕrôṣ*": "I fear/I dread/I am terrified of", "*hāmôn*": "multitude/crowd/throng", "*ḇûz*": "contempt/scorn", "*mišpāḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*yəḥittēnî*": "terrifies me/frightens me", "*ʾeddōm*": "I am silent/I keep still/I am quiet", "*pātaḥ*": "door/entrance/opening" } } 35 { "verseID": "Job.31.35", "source": "מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗י הֶן־תָּ֭וִי שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְסֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽי׃", "text": "Who *yitten-lî šōmēaʿ lî* behold-*tāwî šadday yaʿănēnî* and-*sēper kātaḇ ʾîš rîḇî*", "grammar": { "*yitten*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gives", "*šōmēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - one hearing", "*tāwî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my mark/signature", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty/Shaddai", "*yaʿănēnî*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he answers me", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular - book/document", "*kātaḇ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he wrote", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*rîḇî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my adversary" }, "variants": { "*mî yitten-lî*": "who would give me/oh that I had", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearer/one who hears/listener", "*tāwî*": "my mark/my signature/my sign", "*šadday*": "the Almighty/Shaddai", "*yaʿănēnî*": "would answer me/would respond to me", "*sēper*": "book/document/scroll", "*ʾîš rîḇî*": "man of my contention/my accuser/my opponent" } } 36 { "verseID": "Job.31.36", "source": "אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִי אֶשָּׂאֶ֑נּוּ אֶֽעֶנְדֶ֖נּוּ עֲטָר֣וֹת לִֽי׃", "text": "If-not upon-*šikmî ʾeśśāʾennû* *ʾeʿendennû ʿăṭārôt* to-me", "grammar": { "*šikmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my shoulder", "*ʾeśśāʾennû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I would bear it", "*ʾeʿendennû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I would bind it", "*ʿăṭārôt*": "noun, feminine plural - crowns" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśśāʾennû*": "I would bear it/I would carry it", "*ʾeʿendennû*": "I would bind it/I would tie it", "*ʿăṭārôt*": "crowns/wreaths/diadems" } } 37 { "verseID": "Job.31.37", "source": "מִסְפַּ֣ר צְ֭עָדַי אַגִּידֶ֑נּוּ כְּמוֹ־נָ֝גִ֗יד אֲקָרֲבֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*mispar ṣəʿāday ʾaggîdennû* like-*nāgîd ʾăqārăḇennû*", "grammar": { "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*ṣəʿāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my steps", "*ʾaggîdennû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I would declare it", "*nāgîd*": "noun, masculine singular - prince/ruler", "*ʾăqārăḇennû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I would approach it" }, "variants": { "*mispar*": "number/count/account", "*ṣəʿāday*": "my steps/my paces", "*ʾaggîdennû*": "I would declare it/I would tell it/I would report it", "*nāgîd*": "prince/ruler/leader", "*ʾăqārăḇennû*": "I would approach it/I would present it/I would bring it near" } } 38 { "verseID": "Job.31.38", "source": "אִם־עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "If-against-me *ʾadmātî tizʿāq* and-together *təlāmêhā yiḇkāyûn*", "grammar": { "*ʾadmātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my land", "*tizʿāq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it cries out", "*təlāmêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its furrows", "*yiḇkāyûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they weep" }, "variants": { "*ʾadmātî*": "my land/my ground/my soil", "*tizʿāq*": "cries out/calls out/complains", "*təlāmêhā*": "its furrows/its ridges", "*yiḇkāyûn*": "weep/cry/mourn" } } 39 { "verseID": "Job.31.39", "source": "אִם־כֹּ֭חָהּ אָכַ֣לְתִּי בְלִי־כָ֑סֶף וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי׃", "text": "If-*kōḥāh ʾākaltî* without-*kāsep* and-*nepeš bəʿālêhā hippāḥtî*", "grammar": { "*kōḥāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its strength", "*ʾākaltî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I ate/consumed", "*kāsep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*bəʿālêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its owners", "*hippāḥtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I caused to breathe out" }, "variants": { "*kōḥāh*": "its strength/its produce/its yield", "*ʾākaltî*": "I ate/I consumed/I used", "*kāsep*": "silver/money/payment", "*nepeš bəʿālêhā*": "life of its owners/soul of its masters", "*hippāḥtî*": "I caused to breathe out/I extinguished/I caused to expire" } } 40 { "verseID": "Job.31.40", "source": "תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְתַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃", "text": "Instead-of *ḥiṭṭâ* may-*yēṣēʾ ḥôaḥ* and-instead-of-*śəʿōrâ bāʾšâ* *tammû diḇrê ʾiyyôḇ*", "grammar": { "*ḥiṭṭâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wheat", "*yēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let come forth", "*ḥôaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - thorn/thistle", "*śəʿōrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - barley", "*bāʾšâ*": "noun, feminine singular - stinkweed/wild herb", "*tammû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are finished", "*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾiyyôḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Job" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "let come forth/may grow/let spring up", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thorn/thistle/bramble", "*bāʾšâ*": "stinkweed/noxious weeds/foul plants", "*tammû*": "are finished/are completed/are ended", "*diḇrê*": "words/speeches/statements" } }